Tourism in different countries of the world. Abstract on the topic “International tourism in various regions of the world.” Based on this, it can be seen that both external and internal tourism are well developed in the country.

Introduction
1. The concept of “tourism”
2. Types of tourism
3. international tourism
4. Main trends in the development of international tourism
5. International tourism in Russia
Conclusion
List of sources used

Introduction

Tourism is one of the largest and most dynamic sectors of the economy. The high pace of its development and large volumes of foreign exchange earnings actively influence various sectors of the economy, which contributes to the formation of its own tourism industry. The tourism sector accounts for about 6% of the world's gross national product, 7% of global investment, every 16th job, 11% of global consumer spending. Thus, these days it is impossible not to notice the enormous impact that the tourism industry has on the global economy. In many countries of the world, tourism is developing as a system that provides every opportunity to get acquainted with the history, culture, customs, spiritual and religious values of a given country and its people, and provides income to the treasury. In addition to being a significant source of income, tourism is also one of the powerful factors in enhancing the prestige of a country and increasing its importance in the eyes of the world community and ordinary citizens.

Tourism activities in various countries are an important source of increasing the welfare of the state. In 1995, the United States received $58 billion from the sale of tourism services to foreign citizens, France and Italy received $27 billion each, and Spain received $25 billion.

In Russia, the tourism business is developing with a primary focus on travel. The vast majority of travel companies operating in our country prefer to send their compatriots abroad, and only a small part of them works to attract guests to the Russian Federation - i.e. everything is done in such a way that capital from tourism business sails abroad. What is the picture of the international market for tourism services now, and how is it changing in the future? In the current conditions, these questions seem relevant, which is why I chose the topic of this essay.

1. The concept of “tourism”

Definition of tourism

Tourism is a type of travel and covers the circle of people traveling and staying in places outside their usual environment, for the purpose of recreation, business or other purposes. At first glance, the concept of “tourism” is accessible to each of us, since we have all traveled somewhere, read articles about tourism in newspapers, watched TV shows about travel, and when planning our vacation, used the advice and services of travel agents. However, for scientific and educational purposes, it is very important to determine the relationship between the constituent elements of tourism as a branch of the national economy. Although various interpretations of this concept have appeared in the process of tourism development, the following criteria are of particular importance in determining this phenomenon:

Change of location. In this case, we are talking about a trip that takes place to a place outside the usual environment. However, persons who travel daily between home and their place of work or study cannot be considered tourists, because these trips are outside their normal environment.

Stay somewhere else. The main condition here is that the place of stay should not be a place of permanent or long-term residence. In addition, it should not be related to work activity (wages). This nuance should be taken into account, therefore they are classified as tourism. Another condition is that travelers should not stay in the place they visit for 12 consecutive months or more. A person who is staying or planning to stay for one year or more in a particular place is considered a permanent resident for tourism purposes and therefore cannot be called a tourist.

Payment of labor from a source at the location visited. The essence of this criterion is that the main purpose of the trip should not be to carry out activities paid for from a source in the place visited. Any person who enters a country for work remunerated from a source in that country is considered a migrant and not a tourist of that country. This applies not only to international tourism, but also to tourism within one country. Every person who travels to another place within the same country (or to another country) to carry out an activity remunerated from a source in that place (country) is not considered a tourist of that place.

These three criteria, which form the basis for the definition of tourism, are basic. At the same time, there are special categories of tourists for whom these criteria are still insufficient - these are refugees, nomads, prisoners, transit passengers who do not formally enter the country, and persons accompanying or escorting these groups.

Analysis of the above features, characteristics and criteria allows us to identify the following characteristics of tourism:

business trips, as well as travel for the purpose of spending free time, are moving outside the usual place of residence and work. If a city resident moves to it for the purpose of shopping, then he is not a tourist, since he does not leave his functional place;

Tourism is not only a sector of the economy, but also an important part of people’s lives. It covers the relationship of a person with his external environment.

Consequently, tourism is a set of relationships, connections and phenomena that accompany the trip and stay of people in places that are not places of their permanent or long-term residence and are not related to their work activities.

2. Types of tourism

The following types of tourism can be distinguished.

Excursion tourism is a trip for educational purposes. This is one of the most common forms of tourism.

Recreational tourism is travel for relaxation and treatment. This type of tourism is very common all over the world. In some countries, it is separated into an independent branch of the economy and operates in parallel with other types of tourism.

Business tourism - trips related to the performance of professional duties. Due to universal integration and the establishment of business contacts, business tourism is becoming increasingly important from year to year. Trips are made to visit objects that belong to the company or are of particular interest to it; for negotiations, for searching for additional supply or sales channels, etc. Contacting travel agencies in all such cases allows you to organize a trip at the lowest cost, saving time. In addition, the field of business tourism includes the organization of various conferences, seminars, symposiums, etc. In such cases, the construction of special halls at hotel complexes, installation of communication equipment, etc. become of great importance.

Ethnic tourism - trips to meet relatives. In this case, the services of travel companies are resorted to by the heads of sports teams, competition organizers, fans and those simply wishing to attend the competition.

Target tourism consists of trips to various public events.

Religious tourism - travel aimed at carrying out any religious procedures or missions.

Caravanning is a journey in small mobile houses on wheels.

Adventure (extreme) tourism- tourism, Related to physical activity, and sometimes with danger to life.

Water tourism - trips on board a motor ship, yacht and other river and sea vessels along rivers, canals, lakes, seas. Geographically and temporally, this tourism is very diverse: from hour-long and one-day routes to multi-week cruises across the seas and oceans.

All these types of tourism are often closely intertwined, and they are often difficult to isolate in their pure form.

3. International tourism

Economic importance of international tourism

The importance of tourism in the world is constantly increasing, which is associated with the increased influence of tourism on the economy of an individual country. In the economy of an individual country, international tourism performs a number of important functions:

International tourism source foreign exchange earnings for the country and a means of providing employment.

The development of international tourism leads to the development of the country's economic infrastructure and peace processes. Thus, international tourism should be considered in accordance with economic relations individual countries.

International tourism is one of the 3 largest industries, behind the oil industry and the automotive industry, whose share in world exports is 11% and 8.6%, respectively.

International tourism in the world is extremely uneven, which is explained primarily by different levels of socio-economic development of individual countries and regions.

International development has received the greatest development in the West. European countries Oh. This accounts for over 70% of the global tourism market and about 60% of foreign exchange earnings.

The World Tourism Organization in its classification distinguishes countries that are primarily suppliers of tourists (USA, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, etc.) and countries that are primarily recipients of tourists (Australia, Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Spain, etc.) etc.).

4. Main trends in the development of international tourism

Over the past 20 years, the average annual growth rate in the number of foreign tourist arrivals in the world has been 5.1%, and foreign exchange earnings - 14%.

According to forecasts of WTO experts (World tourism organization), number tourist trips in the world by 2015 will reach a billion tourist arrivals, of which 1 billion will come from Central and Eastern Europe, including the CIS and Baltic countries, where tourism will develop at a faster pace than the European regions as a whole.

According to various analysts, the development of international tourism is based on the following factors:

Economic growth and social progress have led to an increase in business travel for educational purposes.

The development of interstate ties and cultural exchanges between countries has led to the expansion of interpersonal connections between and within regions.

The development of the service sector stimulated the development of the transportation sector and technological progress in the field of telecommunications.

The most important factor determining the geography of tourism in the world is economic. From the point of view of return on investment, the tourism industry is among the economic forwards, providing an impressive amount of value addition. Tourist services on the world market act as an “invisible” product, the characteristic feature of which is that a significant part of these services is produced with minimal costs on the spot.

Table 1. Factors for the growth of popularity of individual regions of the world

Most popular countries region.	Popularity growth factors
South American region
Brazil	1. Widespread development of eco-tours in the Amazon. 2. Exotic nature. 3. Modern architecture and design of the country's capital
European region
France, England, Germany, Finland, Sweden	High concentration of historical and cultural attractions. Simplified visa regime (possibility of a wide range of complex tours). High level of service.
Mediterranean
Cyprus	Favorable tax system. Modern banking network. Well-established telecommunications structure. Simplified procedure for creating offshore companies (10 days). State-provided complete confidentiality in all matters relating to company founders and bank accounts.
Israel Region as a whole	Growth of pilgrimage tourism. Availability of a wide range of health centers. Tours across the four seas. Availability of youth camps. Growth of business connections.

5. International tourism in Russia

In 2000, the Russian tour business strengthened its position: almost twice as many tourists went abroad on vacation as in 1999, moreover, the number of tourists exceeded the pre-crisis level. It became obvious that the crisis contributed to the consolidation and specialization of the Russian tourism market.

Currently, there are more than 15,000 organizations in Russia whose main activity is tourism. With the creation of a new market tourism infrastructure, issues of replenishing the state budget through tourism activities, demonopolization of the industry, stimulating the development of other sectors of the national economy (trade, transport, communications, production of consumer goods), as well as the constitutional rights of citizens to rest are resolved.

Despite the ongoing tourism boom in Russia, the impact of the tourism industry on the country's economy is still insignificant. It is adequate to the state’s contribution to the development of this industry and is constrained mainly by the lack of real investment, the low level of hotel service, the insufficient number of hotel beds, and the shortage of qualified personnel.

According to the most optimistic estimates, only one worker out of 300 is employed in the Russian tourism industry, which is 309 times lower than the similar global figure.

The structure of trips to Russia by foreign citizens according to the purpose of the trip is as follows:

Officials - 2899 thousand people (28.2%)
Tourism -1837 thousand people (17.9%)
Private - 3903.1 thousand people (37.9%)
Transit and transport services – 1651.1 thousand people (16%)

Conclusion

Today we perceive tourism as the most widespread phenomenon of the 20th century, as one of the most striking phenomena of our time, which really penetrates into all spheres of our lives and changes the world and landscape. Tourism has become one of the most important factors in the economy, so we see it as more than just a trip or vacation. This concept is much broader and represents a set of relationships and the unity of connections and phenomena that accompany a person on his travels.

High rates of tourism development and large exchanges of foreign exchange earnings actively influence various sectors of the economy, which contributes to the formation of our own tourism industry. The tourism sector accounts for about 11% of the world's gross national product, 14% of global investment, every 16th job, 22% of global consumer spending. Thus, these days it is impossible not to notice the enormous impact that the tourism industry has on the global economy.

An important property of the current stage of tourism development and changes in its organizational forms is the penetration of transport, trade, industrial banking, insurance and other companies into the tourism business.

The intensive development of international tourist relations has entailed the creation of numerous international organizations, the promotion of better organizations, and the promotion of better organization of this area of international economic relations.

List of sources used

1. Markova V. D. Marketing of services.
2. Dobretsov A. Export of services and international tourism.
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5. Bakanov. M. I. Sheremet A. D. Finance and Statistics Publishing house. 4th
6. Kozyrev V. M. Tourist rent.
Based on materials from the magazine Travel&Toursim
Abstract taken from the site: 2005-2015 BestReferat.ru

Abstract on the topic “International tourism in various regions of the world” updated: April 21, 2018 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

MOSCOW, August 29 – RIA Novosti. On Monday, Indian Minister of State for Culture and Tourism Mahesh Sharma said that foreign tourists are not advised to wear skirts when visiting small towns. Later, representatives of the Russian travel companies, involved in the Indian direction, in a conversation with RIA Novosti did not confirm this information.

Experienced travelers know that in most countries of the world, especially in resort areas, tourists are treated quite loyally and do not require special adherence to rules in wearing clothing, even if local residents are obliged to follow them thoroughly. At the same time, in order to avoid troubles and not antagonize local residents, before your trip you should take an interest in their way of life and pay attention to their customs.

Countries without concessions for tourists

Some Muslim countries North Africa and most countries in the Middle East are known for the fact that they not only require tourists to comply with the accepted dress code, but can also bring violators to administrative or criminal liability. At the same time, the main restrictions apply specifically to women's outfits.

European women will not be required to cover their faces, and it is not necessary to wear a full hijab, but they will have to cover their heads with a headscarf. There are times when police officers or simply vigilant citizens approach tourists and notice that the scarf has slipped onto their shoulders several minutes ago, and the lady is in no hurry to return it to its place.

It is interesting to observe how many women wear hats in Iran, where a dress code is required for everyone without exception. Their scarves and shawls sometimes do not cover their heads at all, but only indicate their presence, pinned with one pin somewhere on the back of the head.

In Iran, too, it is customary for women to wear clothes that cover their arms to the wrists and their legs to the ankles. At the same time, representatives of the fair sex move freely through the streets in leggings, but always with the lower part of their body covered. Among local fashionistas, trouser suits with long jackets and tunics are very popular, in which it is not at all embarrassing to appear at a party somewhere in a European hotel.

Countries with the strictest rules include Saudi Arabia and most of the United Arab Emirates. There, even men are not recommended to expose their arms, legs and necks. Tattoos and piercings are also not welcome, especially for women. There have been cases when tourists were simply not allowed into the country due to numerous punctures on the face.

In most Arab territories, ladies will not be able to get by with leggings and a long shirt - they will have to use a long cape or a skirt that goes all the way to the ground. During your stay in the country, you should also avoid wearing clothes with noticeable prints, especially if they depict any symbols or portraits of celebrities.

Legal measures may be applied to especially visible dress code violators, for example, expulsion from the country and a ban on entry, but more often, unreasonable tourists face aggression from the local residents themselves. Guests wearing inappropriate clothing may not be served in a store or not allowed into a restaurant, although harsher reactions have been reported, especially towards women.

But even in Muslim countries with strict rules, most restrictions cease to apply in resorts and hotels. There, for tourists, there is only a ban on completely exposing the upper part of the body while sunbathing.

In countries such as Iran, where men and women are in principle prohibited from sunbathing together, there are separate beaches for the fair sex, where the eastern Aphrodites can not only flaunt a bikini, but also go virtually without a swimsuit.

Countries of partial tourist loyalty

Yet in many Islamic countries, despite strict morals, tourists are treated quite patiently with their appearance. Perhaps hotel staff, waiters and retail workers have long been accustomed to the liberties of European guests, but, most likely, they are well aware that their government budgets will suffer greatly if tourists do not like excessive restrictions on their freedom on vacation.

In countries such as Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia or Morocco, it would not even occur to non-believers to cover their bodies from neck to toe, and they even cover their heads only to protect them from the sun. But even in such countries, tourists are not recommended to visit dubious areas on their own or to irritate local residents with the particular frankness of their outfits.

There are states where representatives of several religions live, which implies different rules of behavior. For example, in Indonesia, where on islands with a Muslim population, such as Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and others in public places It is better to adhere to the clothing standards accepted there - do not wear short skirts and shorts. But on the islands of Bali and Lombok, where the locals are more inclined towards Hinduism, morals are much freer and few people pay attention to the clothes of tourists.

Tourists mostly encounter clothing restrictions in Muslim countries, but they won’t be able to completely relax in Christian countries either. There are practically no restrictions on the beaches in most European countries, but as soon as you approach a reputable hotel or a good restaurant, the reality of the dress code arises again. Who would let a tourist in shorts and beach shoes into a decent place? And there are also churches, museums, shopping centers, boutiques and other places where you can’t go in a swimsuit. Therefore, there is no need to talk about total loyalty to clothing anywhere.

However, no matter what point globe the tourist has not chosen for his vacation, he should religiously follow simple rules. Always listen carefully to the recommendations of tour operators and local guides, respect the traditions of the people who provide them with hospitality, and do not provoke unpleasant incidents with your appearance or behavior - then even unusual restrictions in clothing will not spoil your vacation.

Administrative and legal status of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Actinomycetes. Taxonomy. Characteristic. Microbiological diagnostics. Treatment.

Shareholder method of financing innovative projects. Characteristics of its advantages and disadvantages.

Europe. European countries receive the largest number of foreign tourists. In 1989-1997, the number of tourists arriving in Europe increased to 350 million people, and monetary receipts from international tourism doubled. However, Europe's share in world tourism is gradually falling. Studies of the nationality of tourists traveling around the continent show that 90% of European tourists are residents of European countries themselves. Germans make up 19% of the total number of travelers, British - 10%, French - 7%, Danes - 6%.

The relative loss of Europe's dominant position in tourism is due to:

Aging tourism product of southern European countries (Greece and Italy);

High prices for tourism products in Northern European countries (Great Britain, Sweden)

Socio-economic and ethnic problems in Eastern European countries;

Growing popularity of Southeast Asian countries.

Tourist flows are mainly directed to recreation centers in Western and Southern Europe(France, Spain, Italy). This concentration is the result of the habit of summer beach holidays. The UK is known for educational tourism, while Northern Europe (Scandinavia and Ireland) specialize in eco-tourism.

America. America is the second region after Europe in terms of the number of foreign tourists. These are South, Central and North America, Caribbean islands. Half of international arrivals to the region come from the United States and Canada, with Europeans taking first place here at 15%.

The USA and Canada have a huge domestic tourism market and a highly developed infrastructure with an extensive hotel network and transport industry. Second place is taken Caribbean Islands, receiving 12 million tourists a year. IN South America tourist flows are relatively weak due to political instability and economic development. The main types of tourism are beach, sports, excursion, and business tourism.

Income from international tourism reaches 10-20% of total export income. This high level is a consequence of the competitiveness of the region and the specialization of some areas in tourism - Canada, the Caribbean Islands, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina.

East Asia and the Pacific Region (PAT). BAT is in third place in the world in terms of tourism development, and mass visits by vacationers to this region began in the 80s. XX century. These are mainly industrial countries - active exporters of goods: Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Taiwan.

Since 1985, these countries have increased their share of tourist arrivals to 18%, and financial receipts from tourism to 20%. The main tourist flow is generated by the countries of the region themselves (78%). For example, Japan provides financial incentives for Japanese people to spend their holidays abroad. Second and third places are shared by Europe and the USA.

BAT attracts tourists with its unique nature, and new industrial countries with business tours. Entertainment tourism is developed in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Japanese industry ranks second in the world after the United States. Singapore offers shopping tourism. Thailand is developing new beaches on south coast countries, organizes educational trips to northern part. There is a popular sex tourism industry in major cities.

Tourism is well developed in Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia and Micronesia. Holidays on the islands Pacific Ocean benefits from the relative proximity of the Australian market and has a good image in Europe.

In the BAT region, the average spending per tourist exceeds the world average of $659 and amounts to $764. Although in some countries, such as China or Mongolia, spending by vacationers is extremely small - up to $200.

Africa. The number of foreign tourists visiting Africa and the monetary receipts from them are relatively small and amount to about 2-3% of the global total. International tourism growth in Africa has been hampered by high prices African product in tourism-generating markets. However, in last years the region switched to inexpensive mass, mainly beach tourism, especially in the north of the continent off the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

The largest generating market for the countries of the region are African countries themselves, providing up to 50% of all tourists. Other tourist-producing countries are France, Germany, and Great Britain. This is explained by the fact that not so long ago these countries were the metropolises of African colonies.

The most popular tourist destinations are located: in the north - Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco; in the east - Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, Mauritania, Zimbabwe. Some of them specialize in luxury beach tourism and develop high-quality hotel industry, receiving up to $900 from each vacationer.

Popular in southern Africa tourist center is South Africa, which tops the list of top countries on the continent in terms of arrivals and receipts. South Africa has a developed transport and hotel infrastructure, and is also becoming a fashionable country in international tourism.

However, Africa as a whole lags behind in international tourism because many countries in the region are not economically developed and do not have political stability, and military conflicts and epidemics continue in many parts of the continent.

Russia. According to the Federal Border Service, in 2003, 5.7 million people left Russia for tourism purposes, in 2004 - 6.6 million people, in 2005 - 6.78 million people, in 2006 - 7.75 million people .

Formation of Russian tourist market began in the 1990s, when three processes took place simultaneously: the collapse of Soviet-era enterprises (excursion agencies, travel agencies); the creation of new enterprises, which later became known as tour operators or travel agents; modification of old ones tourism enterprises through restructuring to develop a tourism product that is in demand among Russian consumers.

Some countries have introduced a number of measures to attract Russian tourists: countries of the former socialist community Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, etc.); simplification of visa formalities in Greece, Spain; economic tours for Russian tourists (Egypt, Türkiye).

The highest priority destinations for domestic tourism are the European part of Russia, the Caucasus and the mountains of Western Siberia. This is a vacation in coastal cities - (Sochi, Gelendzhik, Kaliningrad seaside resorts); educational tourism in cultural and historical centers (“ Golden ring Russia", Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Pskov, Uglich, Yaroslavl). Environmental and sports tourism, safari tours (hunting, fishing) are developing almost throughout the country, they are popular river cruises along the Volga, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei, sea cruises in the Far East. Winter types of tourism, mountaineering, water tourism, trekking are cultivated in the Urals, in particular in the north Perm region, Altai, Caucasus, Kamchatka, Karelia.

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Features of the tourism industry in different types of countries

Content

1.1 In developed countries
1.2 In developing countries

1. Features of the tourism industry in different types of countries

In this paper, we will look at the features of the tourism industry in different types of countries and find out which type of countries is most represented in the tourism services market.

1.1 In developed countries

Let's look at the structure of the tourism industry using the example of Finland, Great Britain and the USA.

Finland has recently become popular place tourist holidays, and Russians constitute the largest group of tourists in the country. The share of Russian tourists in the summer tourist flow in 2010 was 40%. In total, 1.4 million tourists from Russia visited Finland last year, ranking first in terms of number of arrivals. In second place after the Russians are the Swedes with a result of 420 thousand, while their number has decreased compared to 2009. General statistics of tourist arrivals to Finland can be seen in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

Statistics of arrivals of foreigners to Finland in 2009-2010 (persons)

	2009 all year






Other countries

The total foreign tourist flow to Finland in 2010 reached 3.6 million tourists. Revenues from the tourism industry increased by 25%, amounting to 1.2 billion euros.

Transport: Maritime transport plays a significant role in the transport of passengers. This is facilitated by the presence of large river and lake networks, as well as sea coasts. Most tourist transportation is carried out by small ships with a good level of service. The main ferry company is Viking Line.

The national company Finnair has a wide network of both international and domestic flights. This company is recognized as one of best airlines for customer service.

Finnair's operating revenue in the third quarter of 2010 was 42 million euros (last year the airline suffered a loss of 33 million euros in the same period). The company's turnover increased by 26% to 551 million euros. In the first 9 months of the year, Finnair carried 5.5 million passengers on scheduled and charter flights.

Accommodation: Finland has a highly developed hotel industry. Thousands of well-equipped hotels and cottages provide comfortable conditions for different types tourism.

Entertainment: The entertainment industry is actively developing in Finland, for example in summer time Dozens of international music and theater festivals are held, new recreation parks and water parks are opening. In winter, you can go skiing or travel on snowmobiles. This type of vacation attracts many tourists from all over the world.

In the summer, the country hosts dozens of international music and theater festivals.

tourism industry country service

In winter, in Finland there is the opportunity to engage in all types of skiing, take part in dog or reindeer sled safaris, and travel on snowmobiles.

Great Britain.

Great Britain, the country of origin of tourism, has always been characterized by a high level of its development, firmly occupying fifth or sixth place in the world in terms of key indicators of arrivals and income from tourism. However, in the last decade there has been a stabilization, and then a slight decrease in the quantitative indicators of the industry’s development, as well as significant qualitative changes associated with a change in priority travel destinations, vacation spots and types of tourism in the country. This caused natural concern in the UK and increased attention to the problems of tourism development, the search for new directions for its development, and maintaining the country’s image in the tourism market.

The UK is most interested in the industry's reaction to the changes taking place in it, in particular, the analysis of the industry's vulnerability to external influences, the study of factors causing changes in the industry, as well as new trends in the development of tourism in the country that arise in connection with this.

The importance of tourism in the UK economy is very great.

The largest airline in the UK is British Airways, its passenger traffic for 2008-2009 amounted to 33.2 million people, and its revenue amounted to €10.31 billion.

The main problems of the hotel sector are high prices for accommodation and poor service, which leads to a decrease in the number of tourists. The cost of accommodation is calculated not based on the occupied room, but on the number of people. Very popular among tourists guest houses, because have a price significantly lower than a hotel, but have a more limited number of services.

It also operates in the UK International Association youth hotels, the main task of which is the development of youth tourism.

Restaurants, like hotels, are not famous for their cheapness and quality of services.

The main influx of tourists to the UK came from two events, such as the royal wedding and the release of the latest film about the boy wizard - Harry Potter.

Tourists who came to watch the wedding brought about 400 million pounds into the UK economy. People were willing to pay over £350 per night to see this event. Many of those who arrived watched

attractions, went shopping, which also brought in a lot of money.

Thousands of people came to watch the premiere of the latest film, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows II. The county of Pembuqueshire alone, where the scenes at Shell Cottage were filmed, attracts 4.2 million tourists, generating revenue of about 620 million euros. Tourists are also interested in the Oxford University library and King's Cross station.

The USA is a recognized leader in the global tourism market. But international tourism is only a small part of the tourism market.

Spending by foreign tourists in the United States in May 2011 amounted to $12.6 billion, which is 12% higher than in 2010. This was reported by the tourism department of the country's Ministry of Commerce. The figure has increased for the seventeenth month in a row. International tourists spent more than $9.6 billion in the United States in May, up 12% from a year earlier. The remaining $3 billion came from paying for the services of American carriers.

From January to May, tourists from abroad spent more than $61 billion in the United States. The positive trade balance for payments for tourism services in the first five months amounted to $16.6 billion and was 35% higher than in 2010.

1.2 In developing countries

Let's look at the structure of the tourism industry in developing countries using the examples of Argentina and Thailand.

Argentina.

The country's main airline is Aerolineas Argentinas, which operates both domestic and international flights.

Argentina has regular air connections with almost all countries in the Americas and many European countries. The main airline hub is Buenos Aires with two airports, Ezeiza Airport serves mainly international routes.

Medical tourism is becoming a prominent destination among Argentina's offerings. Low prices people are attracted here for medical services of the highest level a large number of residents of Europe and the USA, where the cost of similar consultations, operations and procedures is many times higher.

Over the past 10 years, Argentina has become a leader in South American tourism. A large number of people travel abroad, and tourists also strive to visit Argentina.

In 2009, Argentina was visited by about 2 million tourists, who generated income of about $2.8 billion. USA. Aviation industry responded to the growth in tourism by increasing the number of flights both into and out of the country.

In February 2011, entry into Argentina increased by 9.3% compared to February 2010 and amounted to 203 thousand people, according to a government report.

The National Bureau of Statistics reported that tourists spent 14.3% more than in 2010 - $265 million. About 235 thousand Argentines went on trips abroad.

Thailand.

Thailand is one of the main tourist routes in the world, income from international tourism accounts for only 7% of Thailand's GDP, however, this income item amounts to almost 16 billion US dollars.

The transport system is developed at a high level in Thailand. To travel around the country you can use road, rail, or air transport; In cities, the most popular means of transportation for short distances among tourists are open three-wheeled taxis.

Transportation is carried out by two companies: "Thai Airways" and "Bangkok Airways".

Thai Airways operates ten flights daily from Bangkok to each of the country's main cities. Today, THAI airline serves 75 destinations in 35 countries, connecting 5 continents with its routes. Bangkok Airways is a private company that specializes mainly in flights to resort towns and other points where Thai Airways does not fly. Due to flooding in Thailand, about 500 flights have been canceled this year. Which negatively affects the influx of tourists. The airline, to attract tourists fearing flooding, has reduced air ticket prices.

According to the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of Thailand, the country's tourism industry lost about $340 million during the flood, the Tourism Authority of Thailand reports.

The water disrupted communications, causing the work of 143 travel portals in 30 provinces of the country to stop.

Measures to restore the country’s tourism industry will include preferential

loans for Thai tour operators, as well as money will go to support tourism-related organizations.

Number of foreigners visiting Thailand, according to international airport Bangkok can be seen in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2

Statistics of arrivals to Thailand in May 2009-2010

	May 2010 (persons)	May 2009 (persons)

Thailand has the most diverse hotel service- from lost huts in the jungle to luxury hotel complexes.

There is no official classification of hotels in Thailand. The categories of hotels indicated by us are conditional and are given taking into account the subjective assessment of the service of hotels and rooms.

Hotels belonging to international hotel chains are represented in Bangkok, Phuket and Koh Samui. Famous Thai hotel chain DUSIT is represented by hotels in Pattaya and Phuket. To the prestigious group "The Leading Hotels of The World" includes the Dusit Laguna Hotel (Phuket).

5-star hotels correspond to the highest level, while in Thailand the prices for such hotels are significantly lower than their European counterparts.

Thailand's restaurant industry is renowned for its diversity national cuisines and plays a large role in the country's tourism economy.

1.3 In countries with economies in transition

Let's look at the tourism industry in countries with transition economies using the examples of Russia and Estonia.

Russia has enormous potential both for the development of domestic tourism and for receiving foreign travelers. It has everything you need - a huge territory, a rich historical and cultural heritage, and in some regions - untouched, wild nature.

According to the Discovery research group, for 2008-2010, in Russia the share of tourism in GDP is 2.5%. The blow that tourism market participants had to cope with during the global economic crisis turned out to be brutal. In 2009, the Russian inbound tourism market shrank, according to conservative estimates, by 15-20%; a similar situation was observed in the market outbound tourism. After the crisis, domestic tourism has not yet recovered.

In 2010, the main interest in terms of attracting tourists is from developed countries, such as Germany, the USA, Finland, because they are the main suppliers of tourists to Russia in 2010 (Figure 2.1)

Fig 2.1 Countries supplying tourists to Russia in 2010.

The largest Russian airline is Aeroflot. Byresults2010 of the year Aeroflot's passenger turnover amounted to 34 billion 777.1 million passenger kilometers, which is 33.8% higher than the results of 2009. The number of passengers transported by the company increased by 28.9% and amounted to 11 million 285.8 thousand passengers. The percentage of passenger occupancy also increased to 77.2%, which is 7.7 percentage points higher than last year. Commercial load was 63.2%, which is 7.3 percentage points higher than last year.

Over the past five years, Russia has seen rapid development of the hotel business. IN big cities International hoteliers are coming, the number of small private hotels is growing, old Soviet hotels are being reconstructed.

In St. Petersburg, such a direction of the hotel business as mini-hotels, which provide comfort and service to vacationers at a low cost of living, is actively developing. Mini-hotels in St. Petersburg are famous and attract tourists with their homely atmosphere and comfort. It seems to me that a flexible pricing policy has a favorable situation in the tourism sector of St. Petersburg.

Today Moscowrestaurantmarket are distinguished by high growth rates: at least ten new restaurants open in the capital every month, and, according to experts, this growth trend will continue for five years. However, there are still not many catering establishments in Moscow compared to other world cities. Let's say in Paris there are 17 thousand restaurants, bars and cafes, in New York - 20 thousand.

Estonia.

The current year for Estonia has become one of the best in terms of the number of tourists in recent times. During the first half of 2011, approximately 1.2 million tourists visited Estonia. In just six months, approximately 800 thousand tourists arrived in the country, the rest were residents of Estonia. In September, 212 thousand tourists visited Estonia, of which 151 thousand stayed in hotels, according to the Department of Statistics. The number of tourists from Great Britain and Russia has increased the most.

Based on this, it can be seen that the country has a well-developed external and domestic tourism.

Estonia, despite its small territory, has a developed transport network.

In the field water transport AS Tallink Grupp (TG) is in the lead. It is one of the largest passenger and cargo shipping companies in the Baltic Sea region.

Revenue for the twelve months of the 2010/2011 financial year (01.09.2010-31.08.2011) reached 897 million euros, 10% compared to the previous financial year. The number of passengers carried during twelve months increased by 8%, i.e. up to 9.1 million passengers. Gross profit amounted to almost 187 million euros, 11% compared to last year. In the fourth quarter of the 2010/2011 financial year, passenger volume increased by 5% to 2.98 million passengers.

In the field of air transport, Estonian Air can be distinguished.

In September 2011, 915 placements were successfully operating in Estonia, which is 16% less than last year. In total, tourists were offered 18.5 thousand rooms and 42 thousand beds. Hotel occupancy rates decreased by 19% compared to July. Hotel rooms were 44% occupied.

It seems to me that developed and developing countries play the main role in shaping the tourism market. Countries with economies in transition are better represented in the domestic tourism market than in the global one.

The main problems in the field of tourism development are the safety of tourism provision, the high cost of the tourism product, as well as poor quality of service, etc.

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