Functional features of event tourism. Event tourism as the most important factor in the development of a tourist center. Development of an anniversary tour to Yaroslavl. Event tourism: development and role

Event tourism- the direction is relatively young and extremely interesting. The main purpose of the trip is dedicated to some event. Unique tours that combine traditional recreation and participation in the most spectacular events on the planet are gradually gaining more and more popularity. Event tourism is an enduring holiday atmosphere, individual recreation conditions and unforgettable experience. The main feature of event tourism is the many bright, unique moments. It is promising and dynamic developing species tourism.

The target audience of event tourism is wealthy tourists with above-average income, as well as companies consisting of several couples.

Event tourism can be classified by the size of the event (national or international level) and by the theme of the event.

In event tourism there are several thematic types:

1) national festivals and holidays:

St. Patrick's Festival in London (UK);

St. Patrick's Festival in Dublin (Ireland);

festival of cultures in Berlin (Germany);

Pride London parade of sexual minorities in London (UK);

Love Parade in Berlin (Germany);

Pride Amsterdam parade of sexual minorities in Amsterdam (Netherlands);

military tattoo parade in Edinburgh (Scotland);

celebration of the birthday of Napoleon Bonaparte, Ajaccio (Corsica);

2) theatrical shows:

celebration on ice, show Romanza (Germany);

show Lord of the Dance (UK);

celebration on ice, Mystery show (Germany);

festival "Circus of the Future", Paris (France);

celebration on ice, Romanza show, Vienna (Austria);

3) film and theater festivals:

short film festival in Oberhausen (Germany);

Cannes Festival, Cannes (France);

theatrical festival Spierlart, Munich (Germany);

festival "Cherry Forest", Moscow (Russia);

Opera Festival, Verona (Italy);

4) gastronomic festivals:

international beer festival, Berlin (Germany);

Great British Festival, London (UK);

Oktoberfest, Munich (Germany);

seafood festival in Grove (Spain);

celebration of young wine Beaujolais Nouveau (France);

Parisian chocolate salon, Paris (France);

5) festivals and flower shows:

Chelsea Flower Show, London (UK); - flower exhibition at Hampton Court Palace, London (UK);

Chrysanthemum Festival (Japan);

tulip exhibition (Netherlands);

Bonsai Festival, Nara (Japan);

6) fashion shows:

Ready to Wear, Paris (France);

Men's Fashion, Paris (France);

Milano Moda Bouna, Milan (Italy);

7) auctions:

Sotheby's auctions;

Christie's Auctions;

Druot auctions, Paris (France);

8) music festivals and music competitions:

Capricies Festival, Crans Montana (Switzerland);

Ars Musica Festival, Brussels (Belgium);

festival "Snow and Symphony", St. Moritz (Switzerland);

TDK TIME WARP festival, Mannheim (Germany);

Pink Pop festival, Landgraaf (Netherlands);

Montreux Jazz Festival (Switzerland);

Henley Music and Arts Festival (UK);

Jazz Festival in Stockholm (Sweden);

music competition named after P.I. Tchaikovsky, Moscow (Russia);

music competition "Eurovision";

9) sporting events:

Olympics and international competitions;

Formula 1 auto racing;

NASCAR auto racing, USA;

motorcycle racing;

10) international technical salons:

air show in Le Bourget, Paris (France);

aerospace show in Zhukovsky (Russia);

air show in Zhuhai (PRC);

air show on the island of Langkawi (Malaysia);

Motor Show in Geneva (Switzerland);

auto show in Moscow (Russia);

"Watch Salon", Geneva, Zurich (Switzerland).

When organizing “carnival” tours, a number of tourists’ requirements should be taken into account:

the location of the hotel is near the place where carnival events take place;

availability of restaurants and quality food;

the hotel's architecture is ancient style;

room interior and color scheme;

number of service personnel;

Availability of shops or carnival costume rentals.

Italy enjoys a reputation as one of the “holiday” countries. The most popular is the Venice Carnival, which takes place annually in February. For 10 days, the city recreates the festive atmosphere of the 18th century. - cavalcades, traditional ceremonies, all kinds of parades and masquerades tirelessly replace each other on the noisy and colorful streets. Every year more than 500 thousand tourists come to the carnival in Venice from different countries peace. The carnival opens with the Festa delle Marie, which is dedicated to the release of Venetian girls kidnapped by pirates from Istria. The festive procession starts from St. Peter's Palace and ends at St. Mark's Square, where a symbolic effigy is burned. The celebration continues with dancing and confetti fireworks. In February there is also a carnival in Viareggio. It begins in Piazza Macini, where festive processions, masquerade balls, and orchestras and musical groups perform. This carnival is famous for the participation of huge double dolls that parody famous people and famous political figures. The parade continues for several days, consisting of many floats with dolls. The parade ends with fireworks. The city of Cento (Emilia Romagna region) is a sister city of Rio de Janeiro, so here on holiday festivities Brazilian ballerinas dance. In the city of Ivrea, the carnival ends with an orange fight. This tradition dates back to 1195, when a resident of the city, Violetta, opposed the “noble right of the first wedding night” and cut off her master’s head and threw it from the balcony. The people supported her and threw beans at the nobles. Over time, beans were replaced by oranges.

In Germany, on November 11 at 11:11 am, carnivals begin in Cologne, Bonn, Düsseldorf and Mainz. The most famous and popular carnival takes place in Cologne. Throughout November, meetings of carnival committees are held, at which the prince of the carnival is chosen. The mayor gives him the keys to the town hall. 3 months later, on the last Thursday of February (“Indian Thursday”), women dressed in carnival costumes seize the town hall and announce the beginning of the carnival. On this day, women are allowed everything. One of the most famous traditions is cutting the tie. The holiday reaches its climax on Pink Monday. On this day, about 1.5 million people take part in a festive procession carrying huge papier-mâché dolls. On Violet Tuesday, a large straw effigy is burned. The carnival ends on Ash Wednesday, when everyone draws ash crosses on their foreheads and eats fish dishes.

In France, the famous carnival has been held in Nice since 1294 in late February - early March. About 1 million tourists usually participate in it. They choose a king and queen. The central events are “flower battles” and the “Parade of Heads” (huge models of heads weighing up to 2 tons and measuring up to 12 m move around the city on carts).

In Spain, the center of carnivals is Canary Islands(Santa Cruz is the capital of the island of Tenerife). From the second half of the 18th century. Masquerade parades are held here. “Egg battles” (eggs filled with flour or powder) were also popular. These days, “battles” are fought with confetti and streamers. The central event is the battle on camels, as well as the famous "funeral of the sardine" ceremony.

In Brazil, the carnival also takes place in early February. It lasts 7 days and ends with the “Parade of Champions”. Representatives of various samba dance schools take part in the parade. In 1984, a special sambodrome was built with an alley 700 m long and 13 m wide. Very often, participation in the carnival is combined with a cruise Buenos Aires - Montevideo (Uruguay) - Porto Belo (Brazil) - Buzgos (Brazil) - Rio de Janeiro.

One of the most important segments of event tourism are tours to Formula 1 competitions. The interest of tourists in these tours is enormous; only tours to the Olympic Games and the World Cup are superior to Formula 1. But the Olympics are held every two years, the World Cup - every four years, and Formula 1 holds its grand prix 18 - 19 times a year. The first car race, called Formula 1, took place in 1927 in Italy. Since then, the number of countries with tracks for competitions has reached 20. Participants in Formula 1 race tours have the opportunity to make real round the world travel throughout the year, moving with the athletes to each new Grand Prix. For example, one of the routes for tour participants is as follows: Bahrain - Malaysia - Australia - San Marino - Germany - Monaco - Hungary. Naturally, people with incomes significantly higher than the average can afford to participate in such a tour.

Recently, tours to the Red Bull slalom air race have firmly entered event tourism - one of the most exciting and spectacular types of sports, a kind of analogue of Formula 1. The Red Bull Air Race was first held in 2003 in Zeltween (Austria) and immediately turned into a commercial triumph. During 2004, competitions were held in Kemble (Great Britain) and Budapest (Hungary), where in one day they attracted a record audience of 1.3 million spectators, of which 40% were tourists who came specifically for these competitions. Since 2005, the air competition has been called the Red Bull Air Race World Series, i.e. World Series of Air Racing based on the Red Bull formula. Since 2006, the series of air races has been held in 9 stages in various countries around the world.

It should be noted that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, since it is inexhaustible in content. A number of experts believe that in the near future the number of participants in event tours will exceed the number of participants in sightseeing tours.

Event tourism is one of the important types of modern tourism industry. For many countries around the world and Europe, it is a major source of replenishment of the state budget. What are the features of event tourism? What types of it can be called? And how developed is it in Russia? Read about all this below.

Event tourism: the essence of the phenomenon

What is event tourism? What are its features? One small example will help answer this question. Let's imagine a small ancient town with a certain set of historical and architectural attractions, several museums. And then one day the local authorities of this town make a decision: to establish an aeronautics festival. A couple of years later, thousands of tourists come here to watch dozens of huge and colorful balloons rise into the sky.

This is literally what event tourism looks like. In English-language literature there is also such a concept as “event tourism”. The word event can be translated into Russian precisely as “event”, “show”, “ceremony”. Thus, event tourism is nothing more than the movement of people to attend an event taking place outside of their permanent place residence.

Events that attract tourists can be very different. For example it could be music Festival with performances by famous rock bands, or a complex of street theatrical performances. Active movements of travelers are also provoked by some sports competitions (for example, the World Cup or the Olympics).

The role and development of event tourism

In the global tourism industry, this type of tourism became firmly established only at the end of the last century. Over the next decade, the event tourism sector on the planet showed impressive rates of growth and development. Millions of people leave their cities and villages every year to attend one of the festivals, etc.

Events are attractive because they are unique, authentic and never repeated. In other words, in order to get vivid and exceptional emotions, a tourist needs to be in a certain place and at a certain time.

What is the role of event tourism? It can perform several important functions. For example:

attract new tourists;
stimulate the development of infrastructure of the settlement;
promote the revival of “depressed” cities and towns;
help in creating a positive image of the region.

Main types of events

Modern types of event tourism are determined by the theme of certain events. Some of them are carried out just for fun, relaxation and entertainment. Others set themselves more fundamental goals: for example, educational, educational or sports.

The typology of events in event tourism provides for the identification of several classes (types). Among these are:

cultural events (carnivals, festivals, concerts, exhibitions, etc.);
sports and entertainment (world and European championships, Olympic competitions);
scientific and educational seminary events and lectures);
business (meetings, conferences, presentations, business fairs, etc.).

Event tourism in the world: the most famous festivals and events

Event tourism in the world is developing at a very fast pace. After all, it provides an opportunity not only to have a wonderful rest, but also to become an integral part of something grandiose and big. Unusual event tours can give a person a whole bouquet of bright and unforgettable emotions.

Perhaps the most famous carnivals in the world are the Venetian and Brazilian. They amaze guests with their scale and duration. For several weeks, two cities - Venice and Rio de Janeiro - essentially turn into huge festival grounds.

Thousands of flora lovers flock to Amsterdam every September for the annual Flower Parade, as well as to Japan to witness the bonsai festival with their own eyes. Admirers alcoholic drinks can be seen on or on in Moldova.

There are sports as well as music events (the most popular are the annual Eurovision Song Contest, the Salzburg Music Festival, the Montreux Jazz Festival and others). And cities like Milan or Paris act like a magnet to attract people who seriously follow the latest fashion trends.

Brazilian Carnival: grandiose and colorful

(as well as in other cities in Brazil) is held annually. At its core, it is a kind of analogue of Russian Maslenitsa, marking the beginning of Lent. This is how Brazilians say goodbye to “meat pleasures” for forty days. Carnival has long been the most important folk festival in this Latin American country.

This celebration was “brought” to Brazil by the Portuguese back in the 17th century. In subsequent centuries, the carnival changed under the cultural influence of other countries - primarily France and Italy. In the 19th century, the carnival in Brazil was enriched with various masks, colorful costumes, as well as some colorful characters that have survived to this day.

Oktoberfest: fun and heady

Oktoberfest is a large-scale festival that is held annually in Munich. The festival lasts about two weeks. During this time, its participants, coming from all over the world, drink up to six million liters of beer!

In general, Oktoberfest in Munich is visited by about 6 million tourists every year. The total monetary turnover of the holiday is approximately 450 million euros. Throughout the celebration, more than a hundred medical workers work on the festival grounds, whose task is to bring overzealous “beer tourists” to their senses.

Event tourism in Russia and its development

How developed is event tourism in Russia? Today our country can offer foreign tourists several high-quality and interesting events and events. Among these:

"Golden Mask" (theater festival).
International Arts Festival in Kaliningrad.
Victory Day in Borodino.
festival "Kinotavr" in Sochi.
summer holiday Ysykhak in Yakutia and others.

In terms of diversity, the Russian event tourism market is in no way inferior to the foreign one. However, in terms of funding, scale and level of training, it loses significantly.

It is very important to realize that event tourism can become an inexhaustible source of income for a particular city or region of Russia. For example, in Tobolsk alone, about 20 different events are held annually, which each year replenish the city budget by approximately 50 million rubles.

Of course, a big limiting factor in the development of event tourism in Russia is the country’s underdeveloped infrastructure (bad roads, lack of sufficient good hotels and so on.). Quite often, this type of tourism is hindered by the passivity of officials and their reluctance to take part in preparations for this or that event.

Finally...

Event tourism is a branch of the tourism industry that is actively developing in the 21st century. These are numerous trips to attend certain events, festivals, sports competitions or music events.

The most visited and popular world events are the Olympic Games and Rio de Janeiro, Oktoberfest, Formula 1 car racing, Eurovision, the Middle Ages festival in Sedan and others.

The Russian event tourism market is also actively developing, but it is still significantly inferior to foreign ones. All events in Russia are inferior to foreign ones both in scale and in terms of funding.

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tourism recreation Mansi cultural

Currently, this type of tourism as event tourism is becoming increasingly popular and widespread. Event tourism (from the English event - event, event) is a fairly young and promising area of the tourism business.

Event tourism has become an area of serious scientific research relatively recently. Despite the fact that this type of recreation has existed since ancient times, it transformed into a special branch of the tourism industry in the post-war years, and began to gain popularity in the 1970s. It was at this time that the potential of various events for the development of the economy, society, culture, international relations and even the environment became obvious.

Currently, there are many interpretations of the concept of “event tourism”; on the one hand, they are all similar, on the other, to some extent, they complement each other. Let's look at some of them.

M.B. Birzhakov defines event tourism as “...a significant part cultural tourism oriented towards visiting the territory in certain time, associated with any event in the life of a community or society, a rarely observed natural phenomenon...” In this case, we will consider the event as a complex of phenomena that are distinguished by their significance for a given society or humanity as a whole, for small groups or individuals, and also characterized by a short period of existence.

The most voluminous is the definition of event tourism presented by E.A. Lakomov in his dissertation: “event tourism is understood as tourism activities associated with a variety of significant social events, as well as rare natural phenomena, attracting with their uniqueness, exoticism, originality a large number of tourists from different countries."

The most acceptable, brief and succinct definition is that “event tourism is travel to satisfy the need to attend an event.”

It is the need or need to be present during an event, the desire to see, hear or feel something that drives a person or group of people to overcome distances, giving themselves pleasure and bringing profit to the organizers.

Being present during an event gives a person a strong sense of belonging. The stay of tourists, even if temporary, in a close environment of people, at the same event, common interests allow many of them to overcome the feeling of loneliness, disunity, especially intensified in last years due to the global habit of virtual communication.

Thus, an event or event is the most important motivating factor and the predetermining basis for the existence of the type of tourism in question. At the same time, the motivation for choosing the type of activity or event depends on many criteria, including: age, character, lifestyle, hobby, profession, income level, marital status, health and others. The intensity of movement (tourist flow) is also influenced by the following circumstances:

1. The level of the territory’s tourism industry, its saturation and activity in terms of organizing events;

3. Feedback on completed projects.

Event tourism is considered to be a special type of tourism. However, the division of types of tourism into classic and special ones is very conditional, since the world is changing at an incredible speed, and with it the habits and needs of people and, as a consequence, the number of “special tourists”. Thus, the categories and number of special types of tourism change with the changing needs of tourists; some of them may gradually become ordinary and familiar. Resources for special types of tourism are constantly growing.

As for the target audience of event tourism, according to A.V. Babkina: “...these are wealthy tourists with above-average incomes, as well as companies consisting of several couples.” However, it is difficult to agree with A.V. Babkin, who mainly characterizes the event tourism audience as those attending fashion shows, international auctions or golf competitions - that is, respectable people. If we turn to these public events, like beer festivals, national ethnic holidays, then the picture will change a little. A striking example is the Indian festival Hindu Kumbh Mela (Kumbh Mela - “festival of the jug”), held on January 24, 2001 in Allahabad. By this day, 30-50 million Indians from all over the world gathered in one place in a short time. Many of them are not above average wealthy people. The same can be said about festivals such as La Tomatimna - an annual festival held in the last week of August in spanish city Buñol. Tens of thousands of participants come from different countries to take part in the battle, in which tomatoes are the “weapon”. Carnival in Rio de Janeiro is an annual event, where the audience can be very different, from wealthy tourists who choose a costume and participate in the procession, to ordinary spectators who come to Brazil just to see the whole procession on the street , without paying a cent for the carnival itself.

Having considered the basic concepts of event tourism, the factors that influence its development, as well as the audience, we can analyze the positive features of event tourism.

One of the positive features of event tourism is its all-season nature. Many countries, regardless of the time of year, organize events to attract tourists not only in high season”, but in “low” or, as it is also called, “dead”. So, at the end of January in Italy the “Venice Carnival” is held, in February - the “Battle of the Orange” carnival, in April - the “Foundation of Rome” festival, in July - the “Festa del Redentore” festival, in October the “Perugia Chocolate Festival” takes place. , in November - “White Truffle Festival in San Miniato”.

Using Italy as an example, we saw that events and festivals that are organized throughout the year help attract tourists during the low season. Thus, increasing the profit of this country.

Also, it should be said about clear links between travel dates and the timing of the selected events. In addition to their positive features, they also create certain difficulties in connection with providing a large number of transport, accommodation, etc. at the same time. Thus, during a major event (Olympic Games, World Cup, etc.) it is quite expensive and limited in terms of total number places Therefore, some countries, in order to organize additional accommodation facilities and reduce the cost of tours, offer alternative accommodation facilities.

For example, during the 2002 FIFA World Cup, held in Japan and South Korea, Japan has organized accommodation in so-called “capsule” hotels. The rooms were a small capsule in which you could only sit or lie down, but still had a TV for watching matches. It is actively used as accommodation facilities at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. private sector- rooms and apartments advertised and offered primarily via the Internet.

The same should be said about other requirements for tourist accommodation:

Hotel accommodation within walking distance or short trip from the location of the event;

Availability of a sufficient number of entrance tickets to the selected event of various categories (from the cheapest to VIP seats);

Possibility of organizing a beach holiday,

Or additional excursion program in the area of the event (all information on possible additional excursions must be provided in advance, indicating the place and time of collection for the excursion, their approximate duration and cost).

The next positive feature of event tourism is its economic attractiveness for organizers. Of course, this applies to countries where business has stable development and is supported by the peculiarities of the local infrastructure. So, among the most famous events are the Olympics. The Olympic Games are a profitable business, allowing the country hosting the event to earn huge profits. For example, Greece received the right to host the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004 and received income of more than 130 million euros, Italy's profit from the XX Olympic Winter Games in Turin was 265 million euros. China received net income exceeding 1 billion yuan ($146 million) from hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.

Profit from advertising, investment in the country at the expense of the Olympics, tourists, broadcasting, etc., forces countries to compete for the right to host the games. The Olympics itself is a copy of a once popular event - the ancient Olympic Games.

The Olympic Games have an event franchising component. Thus, the owner of the franchise (the International Olympic Committee) grants the rights to carry out the event in the territory that won the right to host this event to another person (this is the organizing committee of the host country) for the duration of the Games.

The country that hosts the events receives proven technology, a well-known brand, various instructions and guidance, and most importantly, millions of customers.

It is also necessary to note the importance of event tourism for the development tourist areas for the following reasons:

Firstly, the development of event tourism is associated with the growing number of tourists, filling them with accommodation facilities, catering establishments and other tourist infrastructure facilities.

Secondly, event tourism allows us to minimize the problem of seasonality in tourism and the load on accommodation facilities during the “low” season.

Thirdly, given the high competition in the tourism industry, event events allow tour organizers to create a unique tourism product that is different from competitors.

Another advantage of event tourism is the constant updating of offers. Travelers visiting a particular region are potential consumers of other types of tourism common in the area. Which leads to an expansion of offers and an increase in demand for additional services.

It should be noted that, having a large multiplier effect, tourism helps to develop related industries.

Thus, at present, carnival tours are a stable segment of event tourism; as a rule, they have a certain regional connection (Venice, Cannes, Buenos Aires, etc.). When conducting carnival tours, a number of requirements for tourists are taken into account:

Hotel location (near the place where carnival events take place);

High-quality food and availability of restaurants;

Color scheme, room interior and hotel architecture;

Number of service personnel;

Availability of carnival costume rental points or shops.

In addition, it should be emphasized that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, and it is limitless in content. Many believe that in the near future the number of tourists visiting event tours will exceed the number of tourists visiting sightseeing tours.

The time spent on this type of tourism lasts from several days to a week. A feature of this type of tourism is a clear segmentation of the consumer tourism product by age, nationality, gender, religion and other differences.

Practice shows that some events are longer in nature. For example, promotions held as part of the competition “ Capital of Culture world” last several months, the sports Olympics (including the Paralympic Games) last a month and a half.

The regularity of the events and their frequency also vary. Some events are one-time (exhibitions, concerts), celebrations of any anniversaries (historical or celebrity birthdays); other events are regular, although they have very different frequencies (Rio de Janeiro Carnival, World Cup).

Event tourism does not stand still. Every year the number of events increases according to the number of travelers. Many events, previously random, become regular over time.

Tour operators who deal with event tourism always try to combine certain events with a given destination. If, for example, tourists want to attend high-society events with the participation of world stars of show business and cinema, or attend more sophisticated events, then they may recommend France. There is a parade in Paris - the Salon of Haute Couture.

Tourists can also choose the Cannes Festival, the Carnival in Nice, the wine festival in Bordeaux, the international Aeroshow in Le Bourget, or the Jazz Festival, which takes place in Juan Les Penes.

In Austria, tourists can visit the famous winter sports competitions. Switzerland annually hosts international events such as the Bordeaux Jewelry and Watch Exhibition and the Geneva Motor Show.

If tourists want to become participants in a colorful carnival, then they need to go to Goa, Barcelona, Venice or Rio de Janeiro. Tourists also have the opportunity to go to these countries on New Year's tours.

It is necessary to point out another important factor, which is the positive impact of event tourism on the development of the territory, since thanks to interesting events, tourists travel to regions that at other times could hardly count on their attention.

It should also be said about the disadvantages of event tourism, there is only one - it is impossible to accurately predict the stability of demand for a new event, as well as take into account all the components of its implementation. The variety of events obliges organizers to come up with new ways to attract the public every time. In addition, ensuring security, accommodating guests and creating maximum comfort for vacationers all require significant investments.

Thus, in 1998, a severe crisis occurred in one of the mining towns of Japan, which was associated with the production of rocks, the emptying of the city treasury and the intensive outflow of the population. It turned out that this city has the lowest divorce rate in the entire country. It was this circumstance that was taken as the basis for promoting this city as ideal place for marriage.

Thus, gradually and unobtrusively, people’s interest in this city. And the result was impressive: if in 1998 3 thousand marriages were legalized, then in 2003 - already 280 thousand. A tourist infrastructure was developed in the city, and the amusement park began to be called “Lovers' Park”. People began to come not only to get married, but also to celebrate wedding anniversaries and spend their honeymoon.

Tourists who have visited a country or region and received positive emotions quite often return to this tourist area for the purposes of not only event tourism, but also recreational and educational tourism.

Thus, we can conclude that there are many definitions of event tourism, but the most capacious and appropriate is the definition of E. A. Lakomov: “Event tourism is understood as tourism activities associated with a variety of significant social events, as well as rare natural phenomena that attract with their uniqueness.” , exoticism, uniqueness, a large number of tourists from different countries.”

Event tourism is a unique type of tourism, as it includes many offers, events for tourists of almost any target audience. Every year the volume of events and travelers increases. The distinctive features that make up the strengths of this direction in tourism and which must be taken into account in the process of planning the development of the tourism sector in any territory are all-season, economic attractiveness, updating of offers, multiplier effect (development of related industries) and uniqueness.

Technology exhibitions, sporting events, concerts of famous performers, shows and musicals, festivals and fairs - all this is the center and basis of event tourism. These tours can be combined with free time if desired.

Unique tours that combine traditional recreation and participation in the most spectacular events on the planet are gradually gaining more and more popularity. Event tourism is an enduring holiday atmosphere, individual recreation conditions and unforgettable impressions. The main feature of event tourism is the many bright, unique moments. This is a promising and dynamically developing type of tourism.

The target audience of event tourism is wealthy tourists with above-average income, as well as companies consisting of several couples.

Event tourism can be classified by the size of the event (national or international level) and by the theme of the event.

In foreign event tourism, several thematic areas can be distinguished:

St. Patrick's Festival in London (UK)
St. Patrick's Festival in Dublin (Ireland)
festival of cultures in Berlin (Germany)
Love Parade in Berlin (Germany)
Military tattoo parade in Edinburgh (Scotland)
celebration of Napoleon Bonaparte's birthday, Ajaccio (Corsica)

2) theatrical shows:

holiday on ice, show Romanza (Germany)
show Lord of the Dance (UK)
holiday on ice, Mystery show (Germany)
Festival "Circus of the Future", Paris (France)
celebration on ice, Romanza show, Vienna (Austria)

3) film and theater festivals:

Short Film Festival in Oberhausen (Germany)
Cannes Festival, Cannes (France)
theatrical festival Spierlart, Munich (Germany)
Opera Festival, Verona (Italy)

international beer festival, Berlin (Germany)
Great British Festival, London (UK)
Oktoberfest, Munich (Germany)
seafood festival in Grove (Spain)
celebration of young wine Beaujolais Nouveau (France)
Parisian chocolate salon, Paris (France)

Chelsea Flower Show, London (UK)
flower exhibition at Hampton Court Palace, London (UK)
Chrysanthemum Festival (Japan)
tulip exhibition (Netherlands)
Bonsai Festival, Nara (Japan)

6) fashion shows:

Ready to Wear, Paris (France)
Men's Fashion, Paris (France)
Milano Moda Bouna, Milan (Italy)

7) auctions:

Sotheby's auction
Christie's auction
Druot auction, Paris (France)

Capricies Festival, Crans Montana (Switzerland)
Ars Musica festival, Brussels (Belgium)
Festival "Snow and Symphony", St. Moritz (Switzerland)
TDK TIME WARP festival, Mannheim (Germany)
Pink Pop Festival, Landgraaf (Netherlands)
Montreux Jazz Festival (Switzerland)
Henley Music and Arts Festival (UK)
jazz festival in Stockholm (Sweden)
Eurovision music competition

9) sporting events:

Olympics and international competitions
auto racing Formula 1
NASCAR auto racing, USA
rally
motorcycle racing

Air Show in Le Bourget, Paris (France)
air show in Zhuhai (PRC)
air show on the island of Langkawi (Malaysia)
Motor Show in Geneva (Switzerland)
“Watch Salon”, Geneva, Zurich (Switzerland)

Participants in event tours place increased demands on accommodation facilities, especially their classic type - hotels, transport (convenience of delivery to the event site), catering establishments and the services of interpreter guides. The peculiarity of event tourism is that every year it is replenished with new event tours, which from random become regular. The Olympics - the Summer and Winter Olympic Games - have occupied a strong place in event tourism. Currently, “carnival” tours are a large and stable segment of event tourism.

Italy enjoys a reputation as one of the “holiday” countries. The most popular is the Venice Carnival, which takes place annually in February. For 10 days, the city recreates the festive atmosphere of the 18th century. — cavalcades, traditional ceremonies, all kinds of parades and masquerades tirelessly replace each other on the noisy and colorful streets. Every year more than 500 thousand tourists from around the world come to the carnival in Venice. The carnival opens with the Festa delle Marie, which is dedicated to the release of Venetian girls kidnapped by pirates from Istria. The festive procession starts from St. Peter's Palace and ends at St. Mark's Square, where a symbolic effigy is burned. The celebration continues with dancing and confetti fireworks. In February there is also a carnival in Viareggio. It begins in Piazza Macini, where festive processions, masquerade balls, and orchestras and musical groups perform. This carnival is famous for the participation of huge double dolls that parody famous people and famous political figures. The parade continues for several days, consisting of many floats with dolls. The parade ends with fireworks. The city of Cento (Emilia Romagna region) is a sister city of Rio de Janeiro, so Brazilian ballerinas dance here during the festive festivities. In the city of Ivrea, the carnival ends with an orange fight. This tradition dates back to 1195, when a resident of the city, Violetta, opposed the “noble right of the first wedding night” and cut off her master’s head and threw it from the balcony. The people supported her and threw beans at the nobles. Over time, beans were replaced by oranges.

In Germany, on November 11 at 11:11 am, carnivals begin in Cologne, Bonn, Düsseldorf and Mainz. The most famous and popular carnival takes place in Cologne. Throughout November, meetings of carnival committees are held, at which the prince of the carnival is chosen. The mayor gives him the keys to the town hall. 3 months later, on the last Thursday of February (“Indian Thursday”), women dressed in carnival costumes seize the town hall and announce the beginning of the carnival. On this day, women are allowed everything. One of the most famous traditions is cutting the tie. The holiday reaches its climax on Pink Monday. On this day, about 1.5 million people take part in a festive procession carrying huge papier-mâché dolls. On Violet Tuesday, a large straw effigy is burned. The carnival ends on Ash Wednesday, when everyone draws ash crosses on their foreheads and eats fish dishes.

In France, the famous carnival has been held in Nice since 1294 in late February - early March. About 1 million tourists usually participate in it. They choose a king and queen. The central events are “flower battles” and the “Parade of Heads” (huge models of heads weighing up to 2 tons and measuring up to 12 m move around the city on carts).

In Spain, the center of carnivals is the Canary Islands (Santa Cruz is the capital of Tenerife). From the second half of the 18th century. Masquerade parades are held here. “Egg battles” (eggs filled with flour or powder) were also popular. Nowadays, “battles” take place using confetti and streamers. The central event is the battle on camels, as well as the famous “funeral of the sardine” ceremony.

In Brazil, the carnival also takes place in early February. It lasts 7 days and ends with the “Parade of Champions”. Representatives of various samba dance schools take part in the parade. In 1984, a special sambodrome was built with an alley 700 m long and 13 m wide. Very often, participation in the carnival is combined with a cruise Buenos Aires - Montevideo (Uruguay) - Porto Belo (Brazil) - Buzgos (Brazil) - Rio de Janeiro.

One of the most important segments of event tourism are tours to Formula 1 competitions. The interest of tourists in these tours is enormous; only tours to the Olympic Games and the World Cup are superior to Formula 1. But the Olympics are held every two years, the World Cup - every four years, and Formula 1 holds its grand prix 18-19 times a year. The first car race, called Formula 1, took place in 1927 in Italy. Since then, the number of countries with tracks for competitions has reached 20.

Participants in Formula 1 race tours have the opportunity to travel around the world throughout the year, traveling with the athletes to each new Grand Prix. For example, one of the routes for tour participants is as follows: Bahrain - Malaysia - Australia - San Marino - Germany - Monaco - Hungary. Naturally, people with incomes significantly higher than the average can afford to participate in such a tour.

Recently, tours to the Red Bull air slalom race have firmly entered into event tourism - one of the most exciting and spectacular types of sports, a kind of analogue of Formula 1. The Red Bull Air Race was first held in 2003 in Zeltween (Austria) and immediately turned into a commercial triumph. During 2004, competitions were held in Kemble (Great Britain) and Budapest (Hungary), where in one day they attracted a record audience of 1.3 million spectators, of which 40% were tourists who came specifically for these competitions. Since 2005, the air competition has been called the Red Bull Air Race World Series, i.e. the World Series of Air Racing based on the Red Bull formula. Since 2006, the series of air races has been held in 9 stages in various countries around the world.

It should be noted that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, since it is inexhaustible in content. Some experts believe that in the near future the number of participants in event tours will exceed the number of participants in sightseeing tours.

Event tourism in Russia

Event tourism began to develop in Russia not so long ago. Accordingly, there are not too many events that can attract tourists to Russia. But they will appear in the near future, since such a task has been assigned to the regional tourism authorities. In any case, any host company in Russia will be able to organize a trip to this or that event. But you need to take care of this in advance. Among the events that attract tourists to Russia:

1) national festivals and holidays:

military-historical festival “Kulikovo Field” (Tula region)
summer holiday “Ysykhak” (Yakutia)
international festival “Fashion and Style in Photography” (Moscow)
All-Russian Military History Festival “Borodin Day” (Borodino, Moscow region)

2) theatrical shows:

international folklore festival “World Village” (village Roshchino, Leningrad region)
festivals of historical reconstructions (Ekaterinburg, St. Petersburg, Vyborg, etc.)
horse-theatrical show (knight's tournament) in the Lion's Head castle (Sukko village, Anapa, Krasnodar region)

3) film and theater festivals:

film festival "Kinotavr" (Sochi, Krasnodar region)
theater festival "Golden Mask" (Moscow)
Moscow International Film Festival of Mountain and Adventure Films (Moscow)
children's film festival "Skazka" (Moscow)

4) gastronomic festivals:

international gastronomic festival "Food Show" (Moscow)
Big Moscow International Beer Festival (Moscow)
Cucumber Festival (Suzdal, Vladimir Region)
festival “Sea of Beer in Sochi” (Krasnodar region)
holiday-festival dedicated to the tomato (Syzran, Samara Region)

5) festivals and flower shows:

All-Russian flower festival in Anapa (Krasnodar region)
international flower festival (St. Petersburg)
international festival "Flowers of Sakhalin" (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin region)

6) fashion shows and festivals:

international fashion festival Velvet seasons» (Sochi, Krasnodar region)
festival of fashion and theatrical costume “Volga Region Seasons of Alexander Vasiliev” (Samara)
international festival “Fashion. Russia. Style" (St. Petersburg)
fashion festival “Ples on the Volga. Linen palette" (Ples, Ivanovo region)

7) auctions:

antique auction (Moscow)
real estate auction (Moscow)
numismatic auction (St. Petersburg)

8) music festivals and music competitions:

music competition named after P.I. Tchaikovsky (Moscow)
International Festival of Russian Classical Music named after. S.V.Rachmaninov (Veliky Novgorod)
international arts festival “Russian music in the Baltic” (Kaliningrad)
All-Russian festival of art songs named after Valery Grushin (Samara region)

9) sporting events:

UEFA Champions League (Moscow)
international tennis tournament “Kremlin Cup” (Moscow)
last Winter Olympics 2014 (Sochi)
World Universiade 2014 (Kazan)

10) international technical salons:

aviation and space salon "MAKS" (Zhukovsky, Moscow region)
Moscow Motor Show
exhibition of state security equipment “INTERPOLITEX”
naval salon (St. Petersburg)

For World War II participants around the world, the reason for traveling to Russia is May 9, the day the war ended. In recent years, relatives of the dead and surviving soldiers from Germany have had the opportunity to visit the graves of their loved ones and friends in Russia. Events that are attractive to Russians take place in the summer southern cities countries. These are carnivals - discoveries holiday season in Gelendzhik and Anapa, music and film festivals, etc.

Event tourism is a unique tourism offer that, in addition to traditional recreation, includes participation in the most interesting events in the countries of the world.

Such tours are becoming more and more popular; more and more people are appearing who want to spend their vacation or weekend as interesting as possible.