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Estonia– the northernmost of the Baltic countries, a land of coniferous forests, deep rivers and lakes. Proximity to Russia and Finland and Sweden has given rise to an amazing fusion of cultures, embodied in architecture, folk art and crafts, as well as in national cuisine.
Estonia at all small state with a population of 1.3 million people, so even in the capital of the country you will not encounter the hustle and bustle of megacities. Here you can slowly and thoroughly get acquainted in Estonian with the architecture of medieval fortresses and castles, ancient churches and cathedrals Tallinn and Narva, plunge into the culturally rich life of the university city of Tartu, or go to the Baltic coast resorts of Pärnu and Haapsalu, known as centers of beach and health recreation.
Geography
Estonia is located in the northeastern part of Europe. The state borders on Russia and Latvia. From the west, Estonia is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea, from the north by the waters Gulf of Finland. In addition to the continental part, the state includes 1,521 islands in the Baltic Sea, including the large islands of Saarema and Muhu.
The relief of Estonia is flat, since the country lies on the northwestern tip of the East European Plain; natural landscapes are represented by swampy lowlands, moraine and slightly hilly plains. The relief is characterized by features of ancient glaciation - moraine hills, kamas and eskers, basins of glacial lakes.
Estonia has a developed hydrographic network. 7,000 rivers and streams flow through the country. Large waterways are the Pärnu River, 144 km long, and the Narva and Emajõgi rivers. Estonia has a large number of lakes, the largest of which is Chudskoye, which acts as a natural border with Russia.
The flora of Estonia consists of vast tracts of coniferous and broad-leaved forests. About half the country's area is covered with forests. The most common tree species are spruce, pine, birch, aspen, oak, maple, ash and alder. Environmental protection complexes and reserves have been created in the country, including five national parks - Matsalu, Soomaa, Vilsandi, Lahemaa and Karula national park.
The length of the Estonian coastline is 3,794 km. The beaches here are typical of the Baltic coast - long and wide, with fine whitish sand forming dunes.
Climate
Estonia lies in the temperate latitude climate zone. In the coastal areas the climate is milder and humid, coastal, in the eastern part of the country the climate is more continental. Weather conditions are influenced by Atlantic air masses.
Winter in Estonia is relatively mild. average temperature February on the coast is -4°C, in the northeast of the country -8°C. Thaws are common, but there are also sharp cold snaps.
In spring, the central part of the country warms up faster than the coastal part. The temperature difference in March-April can reach 3.5°C.
Summer is cool. The average temperature of the warmest month, July, is 16-18°C.
The average annual precipitation in Estonia is 500-800 mm. Their greatest number occurs in the summer.
The number of hours of sunshine, depending on the region, is 1620-1920 per year.
The swimming season in Estonia lasts from June to August. The temperature of the Baltic Sea during this period fluctuates between 17-23°C.
Time
Estonia lives according to Eastern European Time. Time is 1 hour behind Moscow in winter. Time zone –UTC+2, UTC+3 in summer.
Language
The official language of Estonia is Estonian. For a quarter of the country’s population, Russian is their native language; almost half of the population speaks Russian to one degree or another, so for Russian tourists V major cities There is practically no language barrier in the country.
Population
As of 2015, the population of Estonia is 1,312,252 people. Most of of the country's population, about 69% are Estonians, a significant part of the population, about 24%, are Russians. Also living in the country are Ukrainians, Belarusians, Finns, Poles, Lithuanians and Latvians.
Currency
The official currency of Estonia is the euro (EUR). You can change currency in banks and exchange offices. Banks do not charge a commission; Russian rubles are accepted for exchange. Banks are open from 9.00 to 16.00 on weekdays, some banks are open on Saturdays from 9.00 to 12.00.
Cards of global payment systems are accepted for payment everywhere, including in remote cities. There are also ATMs everywhere where you can withdraw cash.
Customs regulations
Undeclared import and export of currency in Estonia is limited to an amount equivalent to 10,000 EUR. Allowed duty-free import of 400 cigarettes or 50 cigars, 2 liters of alcoholic beverages with a strength of less than 22 degrees or wine or 1 liter of alcoholic drinks with a strength of over 22 degrees, 200 g of coffee and 100 g of tea, perfume up to 50 ml or eau de toilette up to 0.25 l .
In the European Union, including Estonia, there is a ban on carrying the following food products in personal luggage:
- meat and meat products
- flour products filled with meat or containing meat;
- milk and dairy products
The only exception is baby food.
In addition, the import of explosive substances, drugs and drug-containing drugs, firearms and ammunition is prohibited into the country.
To import pets, you need an international animal passport, which must contain notes on the animal's immunization and vaccination against rabies, and a health certificate for the animal received no earlier than 10 days before departure.
Connection
Cellular services and mobile internet In Estonia, they are offered by the operators Tele 2, Elisa and EMT. All operators have special tariff plans for tourists and SIM cards that do not require a contract. You can purchase SIM cards from local operators in mobile phone stores, newsstands, gas stations and shops. On the territory of Estonia, Russian SIM cards mobile operators operate in international roaming mode.
International telephone code Estonia – 372.
To call from Russia to Estonia from a landline phone, dial 8-10-372-city code/operator code-subscriber number.
To call from Russia to Estonia from mobile phone you should dial +372-city code/operator code-subscriber number.
Estonia is one of the most developed countries in the Internet sphere. Almost 95% of the country's territory is within the coverage area wireless internet. Wi-Fi points are equipped in most hotels, restaurants and cafes, at railway stations, in libraries and recreation areas.
Mains voltage
Electrical voltage 230 V, European sockets.
Tourism/features
Types of tourism. In Estonia, tourists have access to almost all possible types of recreation. The rich cultural and historical heritage of the country, a huge number of architectural monuments have made it possible to develop excursion tourism as one of the main directions. Primorye areas are a place for beach holidays on the Baltic Sea and recreation. Central regions rich in forests, lakes and other natural resources offer tourists ample opportunities for active rest and ecotourism.
Traditions and customs. The culture and way of life of Estonians has been formed over many centuries, and the traditions and customs here are close to the cultural traditions of neighboring countries. Thus, in Estonia, as well as in Latvia, the holiday dedicated to the summer solstice is celebrated on a grand scale. On the night of June 23-24, Estonians go out into nature, remember ancient rituals and dances, and light bonfires. During the day, many Tallinn residents gather at the Singing Field, where they can hear choral singing.
There are special, original holidays in Estonia. At the beginning of February, Candles Day is celebrated here. On this day, it is customary to prepare ritual dishes - porridge and pork, to celebrate the “refraction of winter.” Centuries ago, it was customary to make candles on holidays; recently, the ancient tradition has come back into fashion. For the holiday, candle exhibitions are opened and master classes on making them are held.
Wedding ceremonies occupy a special place in Estonian culture. To this day, a marriage is considered complete after such rites of the wedding ceremony as putting on the bride a headdress of a married woman and tying her with an apron. Agriculture is of great importance in the life of the country, therefore, at the beginning of autumn, harvest day is celebrated in Estonia.
One of the components of traditional culture is folk crafts. In Estonia it is knitting and macrame. A variety of knitted items are decorated with floral patterns. The country is also famous for its wood and leather craftsmen.
Kitchen. The culinary traditions of Estonia were formed under the influence of the traditional peasant way of life. The main products for cooking are agricultural products - pork and beef, poultry, vegetables, dairy products, and seafood. Considerable influence on national cuisine provide culinary traditions of Sweden, Germany and Russia, the Baltic countries.
The first courses in Estonian cuisine are milk soups, soups with barley or pearl barley, dumplings, peas or potatoes. Herring soup is popular in coastal areas. Dishes that no Estonian feast is complete without are blood sausage, herring with sour cream and stuffed eggs. Baked goods are served as desserts; spicy piparkook cookies are an integral attribute of the Christmas table.
General rules for staying in the country
The norms of behavior in Estonia correspond to the established norms of behavior in Europe. There are no special rules of behavior, but there are a number of rules in the country public order, for non-compliance with which a fine or administrative arrest may be imposed. IN in public places It is not allowed to carry open bottles of alcoholic drinks, and smoking is allowed only in strictly designated areas.
Safety
Estonia is a safe country for tourists. The crime rate here is traditionally low. However, theft of personal belongings does occur, especially in crowded places, so it is recommended to adhere to standard precautions - do not leave personal belongings unattended, store valuables in a hotel safe, avoid unlit and uncrowded places at night.
Documentation
The list of documents required to cross the border includes:
- Schengen visa
- a foreign passport, the validity of which exceeds the validity of the visa by at least three months and has at least two blank pages
- policy health insurance, valid on the territory of the Schengen countries
- if you plan to travel by car - a compulsory civil liability insurance policy valid in the Schengen area and in several other countries of the world ( GreenCard), international driving license
- Children under 18 years of age traveling unaccompanied by parents must have a notarized consent from both parents to leave, indicating the validity period and the countries they plan to visit.
- Russian Embassy
The Russian Embassy in Estonia is located at:
Tallinn, st. Pikk, 19;
Phone: +372 646 4170, +372 646 4169, +372 646 4168, +372 646 4089
Fax: +372 646 4178
Email:
The consular section of the Russian Embassy operates at:
Tallinn, st. Lai, 18, tel. (+372) 6464131; fax (+372) 6464130;
Email:
Important phone numbers
Phones emergency services in Estonia:
- Fire and rescue service and ambulance – 112
- Police – 110
- Tallinn Information Service – 1345
- Information for tourists in Tallinn - (+372) 645 7777
Directions
– the capital of Estonia, one of the most beautiful corners of Europe. The city on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland attracts romantics and architecture connoisseurs. Historical Center Tallinn- a tight knot of winding streets connecting ancient squares, cathedrals and churches, parts of the medieval fortress wall and towers, castle and palace complexes. For its integrity and historical significance, the Old Town was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Geographical position Tallinn provided its guests with opportunities for recreation on the water - yacht piers cut into the waters of the Gulf of Finland, and there are many beaches and recreation areas in the vicinity of the capital.
IN Tallinn Of interest are not only silent witnesses of bygone eras, but also cultural centers. Life in the capital is a series of exciting events, festivals, exhibitions and concerts. The city is home to the country's main theater and music scenes, extensive museum complexes and galleries. You can feel the spirit of the Baltic capital not only on the streets of the Old Town, but in restaurants with traditional cuisine or at a medieval festival. Many tourists want to visit Tallinn in winter. At the end of December, the streets and squares of the city are filled with the aromas of cinnamon and ginger, Christmas melodies are heard everywhere, and a fair takes place at the town hall.
is the easternmost city of Estonia, lying close to the border with Russia. Narva is famous big amount attractions. The city has preserved medieval fortifications and castles, ancient cathedrals and squares. Architectural monuments here are: separate houses, and former institutions, and cozy parks and a large number of sculptures only add to the charm of the city. Many tourists begin their acquaintance with Estonia from Narva, as the city closest to Russia in all respects.
is a famous seaside and mud resort on the western coast of Estonia. small town It is washed on three sides by the waters of the Baltic Sea, the streets of the resort are blown by sea breezes, and the leisurely pace of life and interesting architecture attracted the creative intelligentsia back in the century before last. The resort's fame is due to its therapeutic mud. The first health resort in Haapsalu was opened in 1825 and to this day mud from the sea is used here in a complex of medical and health procedures. Nowadays, large spa complexes and hotels operate here.
is a small seaside resort known for its deep traditions of spa therapy. The first bathing establishment in Pärnu, which offered treatments with sea water and therapeutic mud, received its first patients in 1837. Nowadays, along the wide sandy beaches, bordered by the coastal promenade, rows of hotels and spa complexes are lined up, offering treatment for diseases of the joints, nervous system and skin. People go to Pärnu not only in summer. Cozy parks, children's play complexes, craft workshops and farmsteads, entertainment centers and architectural attractions have ensured the resort's popularity throughout the year.
– the second largest city in Estonia, large Cultural Center Baltic and university town with rich history. The main type of recreation in Tartu is excursions, visiting museums and cultural institutions. The city, founded in 1030, is the cradle of Estonian statehood, favorite place recreation for artists and musicians. In Tartu, the Middle Ages are intertwined with the modern – in the historical quarter of Jaani, where the Gothic church with terracotta decorations is located, there are Theater Halls and a Toy Museum, and the ancient building of the university, founded in the 17th century, is still operational. More than three dozen museums and galleries and an interactive science center await tourists in Tartu « AHHAA", aquatic center“Aura”, a chain of exciting events and holidays - film, theater and historical festivals, exhibitions, creative meetings.
is the largest island of Estonia, surrounded by the waters of the Baltic Sea. Saaremaa attracts connoisseurs active tourism and beach holidays. The island is covered with forests cut through by tourist routes, and the sea waters are an area for yachting, windsurfing and kitesurfing. The largest city on the island of Kuressaare is medical resort– spa hotels and spa salons, mud baths offer a wide range of health treatments. Enjoying the nature of Saaremaa can be combined with exploring local attractions - the Bishop's Castle, the Windmill Museum under open air and the Pangas cliff.
Tallinn Old Town– the historical center of the Estonian capital and a real treasure trove of architectural and historical monuments. Buildings from the 11th to 15th centuries have been amazingly preserved here, thanks to which Old Tallinn was included in the list of sites World Heritage UNESCO.
The capital of Estonia was once surrounded by a city wall; the 20-meter stone fortress had more than fifty towers and bastions, only half of which have survived. The most powerful of the buildings of that time - artillery tower "Kik in de Kek", its height is 38 meters, and the walls reach a thickness of 4 meters. The tower houses a museum displaying ancient weapons and armor. "Kik-in-de-Kek" is connected to the bastions by a system underground passages, which are also open to tourists. Another fortress tower, ironically called « Tolstoy Margarita», is a squat building with a diameter of 25 meters. The tower houses the Estonian Maritime Museum, whose exhibits include artifacts recovered from the bottom of the Baltic Sea, the first diving suits, and materials on shipping and shipbuilding.
A counterweight Tolstoy Margarita"is in Old Tallinn and " Long Herman" - the tower of Toompea Castle, standing on the hill of the same name. The Estonian national flag flies above the tower, which is solemnly raised every morning to the sounds of the anthem.
The upper and lower parts of the Old Town are connected two ancient streets – « Long leg"(Pikk-Yalg) and " Short leg"(Lyuhike-Yalg). The wide and steep Pikk-Jalg street is paved with cobblestones, and on both sides there are ancient buildings, which are replaced by a fortress wall. The street ends with a gate tower. On weekends, works by local artists are displayed on the ramparts, making Long Leg an open-air gallery. The "short leg" is even steeper and much narrower. For those who decided to climb Toompea Hill along Lühike-Jalg, a railing was installed. At the end of the street is the second of Tallinn's two surviving gate towers.
Town Hall Square - the central square of the city and the heart of the Estonian capital. Hundreds of years ago, decrees were announced here, there was brisk trade, and today Christmas is celebrated and tourists walk around, looking at the majestic architectural ensemble.
The square is located the only Gothic town hall in Northern Europe and one of the oldest buildings in Tallinn. High building It was built of limestone in 1404. The town hall is decorated with an arcade; on the façade you can see gutters in the shape of dragon heads. The building is crowned by a slender tower with a spire and a weather vane - a figurine of the patron saint of Tallinn, Old Thomas. Behind the building's austere Gothic façade are colorful rooms with arched ceilings decorated with intricate wood carvings. Visitors can explore the Magistrate's Hall, decorated with paintings, the Burghers' Hall with city coats of arms, the kitchen and the treasury. There is a small torture museum in the former secret room of the town hall. The spiral staircase inside the town hall tower leads to observation deck, from a height of 64 meters a panorama of Old Tallinn opens.
Second most important building on Town Hall Square - pharmacy, one of the oldest operating in the world. In a small room at house No. 11, already in the 15th century, medicines and all kinds of potions were traded. Nowadays, there is a small museum at the pharmacy, where ancient pharmaceutical instruments, a distillation apparatus, apothecary scales and press, medicinal powders and herbs are displayed.
House of the Blackheads in Tallinn- an ancient building that belonged to the merchant guild. The patron of the guild was the black Saint Mauritius, whose head appeared on the coat of arms of the merchant union. The unusual emblem led to the fact that the guild began to be called the Brotherhood of the Blackheads.
The House of Blackheads is fair considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. Red-green carved gates with gilding and the guild coat of arms, a relief portal with mascarons made of cut stones, pediments on the windows and the coats of arms of the brotherhood attract the eye. Inside the building, historical interiors have been partially recreated. Visitors can see Gothic vaulted hall of Olaf with carved stone columns, tiled fireplaces and massive chandeliers, the White Hall in a classical style, basement rooms with low arches supported by quadrangular pillars. Chamber concerts are held in the House of the Blackheads, and excursions are organized telling about the history of the brotherhood and the architecture of the building.
Tallinn Dome Cathedral – the oldest church in the city and the main Lutheran temple in the country. The white-stone cathedral, rising majestically on the top of Toompea Hill, began to be built in the 13th century, followed by centuries of reconstruction and rebuilding, giving the temple a unique appearance.
In the architecture of the Dome Cathedral, amazingly different eras merged And architectural styles. The Gothic portal with a pointed doorway here harmoniously combines with a high Baroque tower topped with a pointed roof. Under the arched vaults of the cathedral there is a carved wooden altar in the Baroque style, a carved pulpit, and impressively sized ancient coats of arms and epitaphs. On the floor of the cathedral you can see gravestones, among the burials in the church is the grave of the famous navigator Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern.
The pride of the Dome Cathedral is the organ from the late 19th century; anyone can attend organ music concerts in the church. The cathedral tower is equipped Observation deck , which offers a panoramic view of the Upper and Lower Towns, Toompea Castle, surrounded by gardens.
Rocca al Mare – a grandiose ethnographic museum located on the Baltic Sea coast. Rocca al Mare occupies the territory of an estate founded in the 19th century. On an area of over 70 hectares, surrounded by centuries-old pine trees, there are thatched village houses, farmsteads, mills, village schools and village chapels.
The museum is conventionally divided into four parts – Western, Northern and Southern Estonia, island territories. Each of the departments is represented by traditional farmsteads for these places. All houses, barns and barns are open to tourists; inside you can see household items from dishes and handicrafts to rocking chairs and handmade carpets; master classes and interactive programs are held in some farms. Visitors to the complex can see the traditions and customs of the Estonian village and take part in folk festivals. Looking at the villages of Rocca al Mare, leisurely walking horses harnessed to carts, people in historical costumes, you can believe that you are in Estonia two or three hundred years ago. The immersion in history is complemented by lunch at the Kolu Farm tavern, where guests are served traditional Estonian treats.
Airplane Harbor – Museum-hydroairport “Lennusadam”, one of the most interesting museums Northern Europe. The hangars of the Seaplane Harbor display unique exhibits from the field of shipbuilding and navigation. Visitors will have to visit inside submarine "Lembit» 1930, the only surviving submarine of this type, sit at the helm of the British float plane "Short S.184", walk along the deck of the icebreaker "Suur Tõll", go down to the steam compartment, boiler room, wardroom and cabins, where the atmosphere of the middle of the last century is recreated . The pride of the museum is the remains of a sailing ship from 1550; the ship’s skeleton was raised in 1985 from the Baltic Sea Day.
In addition to the main attractions of the museum, visitors to Lennusadam can see many small but interesting exhibits - sea mines, torpedoes, buoys, ship guns, and even a yellow submarine, in which a journey through the depths of the sea is simulated through audiovisual effects. The Seaplane Harbor Museum has many interactive stands and simulators– you can virtually shoot from anti-aircraft guns, take pictures in the uniform of submariners and sailors, control ship models in a special pool. The building of the hangars is also of interest; to appreciate the steepness of the vaults, a tall building was built in the museum hall. arch bridge. You can climb it only with a guide.
Singing field – largest Estonian concert venue, a structure unique in its structure and architecture. Estonians jokingly call themselves the “singing people” - once every five years the country is united by a grandiose singing festival, in which several tens of thousands of singers participate. The Singing Field was built for the festival.
The country's main stage is a stone shell-arch designed to enhance the sound of singing choirs. Under the arch there are passages in the form of an amphitheater, capable of simultaneously accommodating up to 15,000 people. In this case, the spectators are located on the field, and the arch, reflecting the sound, directs it to the audience. Often, on the contrary, the stage is installed on the field, and the audience is placed under the arch. On one side of the Singing Arch you can see a 42-meter tower for the fire lit on holidays, on the other - a radio tower.
AHHAA is the largest interactive science center in the Baltics, located in the Estonian city of Tartu. The AHHAA exposition features interactive stands, puzzles, interesting experiments and other attributes of entertaining science. On an area of 3000 sq. meters there is a Hall of Technology, where you can ride a bicycle along a cable at a height of 8 meters, capture your own shadow on the wall and balance in a special tunnel, a Hall of Wildlife with a glass anthill, where you can observe the life of insects. An incubator is on display here and, if you're lucky, you can see the chicks hatching. The rest of the AHHAA collection is represented by a variety of exhibits - a mirror maze, cocoon-spheres for meditation and water cannons from which you can shoot.
Operates at the Science Center spherical planetarium, the projector of which allows you to simultaneously show more than five million stars. Several times a day, the Science Theater hosts shows during which the laws of nature are clearly demonstrated and chemical experiments are conducted.
Transport component
Air transport. There are four airports in Estonia, only one of which has international status. By air gate country is the airport Tallinn, serving ships of 27 airlines. Regular flights connect the Estonian capital with Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vilnius, Warsaw, Helsinki, Stockholm, Amsterdam and London. There are bus stops at the airport, from which you can go commuter buses to the center Tallinn And intercity buses to major cities. In addition, the airport has a car rental office and a taxi dispatch desk.
Railway transport. There are 900 km of railway tracks across the country. There are 8 main lines.
Motor transport. Large transport routes run through the territory of Estonia, connecting the state with neighboring countries, including European routes E20, E67, E77. The center of road passenger transportation is Tallinn, there is an International Bus Station, where buses from Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, and Poland arrive.
Sea transport. Estonia is connected by international ferry service to the ports of Finland, the Åland Islands, Sweden, Germany and Russia. Largest ports countries are located in Muuga and Tallinn.
Water transport. Estonia has more than 320 km of navigable river routes. Navigation is carried out along the Emajõgi.
Urban public transport in Estonia - buses, trolleybuses, trams and minibuses.
General information
The Baltic Sea coast has always been the center of health in Estonia. Expressive natural landscapes, sandy beaches, clean air, saturated with sea salts and healing aromas pine forests, here they complement deposits of medicinal mud. Already in the 20s of the 19th century, the first water and mud baths were opened in Pärnu, Haapsalu and Kuressaare, and kurhaus, embankments and parks for recreational walks were landscaped.
Nowadays, a chain stretches along the Baltic coast of Estonia modern resorts. All in the same towns Parnu And Kuressaare There are both traditional multidisciplinary sanatoriums and rehabilitation centers, as well as comfortable hotels focused not only exclusively on medical, but also on recreational holidays. There are more and more of the latter every year, and the most promising area is medical spa – a full-fledged treatment combined with the comfort and wide range of spa hotel services.
To maintain high quality health services in Estonia, the Spa Union was created(ESPAL), whose functions include monitoring the quality of services and compliance with international requirements. The union certificate was received by 16 leading spa hotels in the country, including Tervis Medical Spa in Pärnu, Georg Ots Spa hotel" and "Grand Rose Spa" in Kuressaare.
The main methods used in spa treatment are: balneotherapy and hydrotherapy - therapeutic baths, sea water baths, showers and underwater massage, mud wraps and applications, various types of manual and hardware massage, procedures with paraffin and ozokerite, kinesitherapy, speleotherapy and inhalations. Has a major role in health improvement climatotherapy– health-improving walks along the seashore, thalassotherapy – holidaymakers are offered seaweed wraps and peelings with sea salts. In large health complexes We have our own diagnostic centers that allow us to conduct basic functional studies.
In all resort centers there are swimming pools, aquothermal areas with baths and saunas, own park areas with routes for recreational walks and Nordic walking, lawns for yoga or other wellness practices. Tourists are offered a wide range of programs - therapeutic, lasting 2-3 weeks, and wellness, lasting from one day. There are ample opportunities for recreational recreation with children in almost all health centers and hotels “Mother and Child” programs were implemented And "Family holiday".
Natural healing factors. The two main healing factors of Estonian resorts are the seaside climate and therapeutic mud. The climate of the resorts of Pärnu, Haapsalu and Kuressaare is coastal, characterized by high ionization of the air and its saturation with salts, trace elements of iodine and bromine. The pine forests familiar to the Baltic coast enrich the air with medicinal phytoncides. At the same time, Estonia is located in a zone of temperate latitudes, which allows even people with diseases of the cardiovascular system to feel comfortable at local resorts.
In Pärnu there are deposits of medicinal peat mud, which has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic properties. In the form of baths and applications they are used for diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
The waters of the Baltic Sea are a natural healing factor. The high concentration of salts, minerals and trace elements, as well as organic components in the form of algae, make swimming in the sea comparable to balneotherapeutic procedures. In many spa centers in Estonia, sea waters, algae and salts are used for health procedures - baths, massages, wraps.
Indications for spa treatment in Estonia are::
- diseases of the musculoskeletal system
- diseases of the nervous system
- heart and vascular diseases
- respiratory diseases
- gynecological and urological diseases
National tour operator Alean offers your tourists holiday insurance:
| Age of the insured | Type of insurance | Insurance coverage, euro* | Insurance period | |
| Age of the insured | Type of insurance | Insurance coverage, euro* | Policy cost per day, euro* | Insurance period |
| up to 64 years old | 100 000 | 2,0 | any | |
| from 65 to 79 years old | Medical insurance “Standard +” | 100 000 | 4,0 | any |
| from 80 years old | Medical insurance “Standard +” | 100 000 | 8,0 | any |
| Age of the insured | Type of insurance | Insurance coverage, euro* | Policy cost per day, euro* | Insurance period |
| Age of the insured | Type of insurance | Insurance coverage, euro* | Policy cost per day, euro* | Insurance period |
| up to 64 years old | 50 000 | 2,50 | any | |
| from 65 to 79 years old | Medical insurance "OPTIMA" | 50 000 | 5,0 | any |
| from 80 years old | Medical insurance "OPTIMA" | 50 000 | 10,0 | any |
| Age of the insured | Type of insurance | Insurance coverage, euro* | Policy cost per day, euro* | Insurance period |
| Age of the insured | Type of insurance | Insurance coverage, euro* | Policy cost per day, euro* | Insurance period |
| up to 64 years old | Medical insurance "OPTIMA" | 100 000 | 3,0 | any |
| from 65 to 79 years old | Medical insurance "OPTIMA" | 100 000 | 6,0 | any |
| from 80 years old | Medical insurance "OPTIMA" | 100 000 | 12,0 | any |
* payment in rubles at the Central Bank rate (+ 2%) on the day of booking
Information on the conclusion and termination of an insurance contract, the scope of insurance obligations, the actions of the parties upon the occurrence of an insured event, the procedure for paying insurance compensation and other necessary information for the insured tourist are specified in the insurance rules.
It became one of the important sectors of the Estonian national economy in the 1990s international tourism. In Soviet times, more than 400 sanatoriums and recreational facilities operated here. 450 thousand people vacationed there annually. Tallinn was a famous tourist center. Estonia was famous for its developed network tourist hotels, boarding houses and campsites in various parts of the country - on the shores of Pärnu Bay, on the islands of the Moonsund archipelago, along the shores of lakes. However, most of them are now used to a much lesser extent as the concept of tourism has changed. Tourism for the purpose of treatment and recreation has been replaced by entertainment tourism, domestic - international. The linguistic and geographical (80 km) proximity of Finland determines the predominance of Finnish tourists arriving on short-term visits, primarily to Tallinn. A certain role is played by the relative cheapness (compared to Finland) of alcoholic beverages and services, with a certain level of service development. In 1995, 1.3 million tourists visited Estonia, 96% of them from Finland. The European Union Regional Development Fund allocated 791 million kroons (50 million 700 thousand euros) to support cultural and tourism facilities in Estonia. .
Estonia is famous for its diversity of tourism types
Northern Estonia (“Toila”, “Narva Jõesuu”) is a changing landscape, where steep Coast is replaced sandy beaches. In addition to traditional mud therapy, treatment of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract is offered. The “salt chamber”, the walls of which are made of salt blocks (“Toila”), has a beneficial effect on the respiratory system.
Southern Estonia (“Pyhajärve”, “Värska”) is an untouched nature, the amazing beauty of the hills, here is the highest point of the Baltic states - the Haanja Hills, national parks and nature reserves with numerous rivers and lakes. "Pyhajärve" and "Värska" are located on picturesque lakes. This is where you can find peace and quiet and restore peace of mind. Värska uses local mineral water in its treatment.
All SPA hotels and sanatoriums in Estonia offer accommodation in rooms whose quality meets international standards. The hotels' spa facilities, guaranteed service, and the presence of swimming pools make a wellness holiday in Estonia enjoyable, regardless of the time of year.
The second type of tourism in Estonia is educational tourism. Undoubtedly, this type of tourism is very popular in Estonia. The country is rich in history, architectural monuments, museums and other attractions that interest tourists from all over the world. The centers of educational tourism are Tallinn, Narva, Tartu.
Active recreation is well developed in Estonia.
Water sports recreation. During a canoe trip, the tourist will not only be in close contact with nature, but will also be able to see the most Beautiful places Estonia, where it is usually difficult to get to without a boat: sandy cliffs of the high banks of the Ahja River with a variety of geological deposits; raised bogs in the Soomaa nature reserve, where the pristine silence will only be disturbed by the splashes of your oars. There are several canoe trip options to choose from. It could be short trip along fast-flowing rivers or a long descent downstream of “lazy” rivers. An accompanying person can take part in the hike along with tourists and help in steering the canoe and show interesting places. Typically a canoe trip lasts from one to three days. The season opens immediately after the rivers become free of ice and ends with the first frost. The cost of the trip (from 200 to 1000 CZK) includes canoe rental, a life jacket and a short course in safe canoeing techniques, as well as guide services and light snacks at rest stops. The price depends on the duration of the trip. If a tourist has never sailed a canoe before, he will be able to learn basic boat control techniques very quickly. Sailing can be a delight even for an observer. White sails, playing water, beautiful and brave people who, despite a hopeless calm or an uncontrollable storm, steer their ship wherever they want. Yachts are advised to ask the port authorities to notify the next port they arrive at.
Ski tourism. Skiing came to Estonia from Scandinavia at the beginning of the century and quickly took root here. It is no exaggeration to say that every resident of Estonia has skied at least once. Cross-country skiing is popular due to its flat terrain and low hills. Specially laid trails provide an opportunity to break out of confinement within school walls and offices. The climate of Southern Estonia, where there is almost always snow, makes the Otepää resort a particularly attractive place for lovers winter holidays. The largest and most modern ski center in the Baltics has been created here. In South Estonia for lovers alpine skiing there are conditions for descents from 200-300-meter slopes of moderate steepness. Some of the slopes are equipped with lifts. All necessary equipment can be rented. The center of ski tourism is the city of Otepää, also ski resorts there are in the Võru area and other areas of southern Estonia.
ATV safari. This type of recreation is suitable for thrill-seekers who have good coordination of movements and have experience driving motor vehicles. ATV safari takes place in beautiful natural place Estonia (Põhja and Lyuna Kõrvemaa) in any weather and at any time of the year. Instructions and study tours are provided.
Horseback riding. It doesn’t matter here who the tourist is - a novice rider or an experienced rider. There are plenty of opportunities for horseback riding in Estonia: forest trails and groves, juniper-covered banks and dunes, or historical parks, where you can follow in the footsteps of famous people. If a tourist is a beginner rider, he can undergo a week-long riding camp or initial training in a riding arena under the guidance of experienced instructors - and he will have the ability to control a horse and the opportunity to enjoy the beauty of nature, observing it from a higher altitude and in a different way than usual. There are several riding clubs and schools in Estonia. If a tourist doesn’t know how to sit in the saddle, it doesn’t matter, they will teach him how to do it. Many farms have horses that you can ride for a small fee.
Hiking. The best way relax, get out into nature and experience local culture - this is a hiking trip. There are four in Estonia national parks and several protected areas, where, walking along marked hiking trails, a guest of the country will have an excellent opportunity to see everything that a hurrying tourist would never see from a car window. In order to get closer to the untouched nature of Estonia, it is best to walk along special trails for hiking, laid in many picturesque places, or along a special route in one of the nature reserves.
Fishing. You can fish without paying anyone for it with only one simple fishing rod with a rod no longer than 1.5 m, a single hook and live bait. The rod can be equipped with a sinker and a float. Fishing on private reservoirs is allowed only with the permission of the owner. Fishing with spinig, net, etc. is paid. Such fishing is permitted only if you have a fisherman's ticket and taking into account the established restrictions on seasons, fishing places and types of fish. Tickets and information about restrictions are available from regional conservation departments, the Ministry of Environment and registered fishing societies. The price of a fisherman's ticket is 25 - 200 CZK depending on the duration of validity.
Cycling. Estonia, with its varied landscapes, is an ideal place to travel by bike. People with different riding experiences can choose a suitable route on hilly or flat terrain. You can ride a bicycle where it is impossible to reach by car.
Golf. Estonia's only 18-hole golf course is located 33 km southeast of Tallinn, next to the well-known horse riding center of Niitvälja. The total length of the course is 6,280 m. The shortest distance to the hole is 153 m, and the longest is 510 m. The owner of the course is the Estonian Golf Center. The field was equipped in the so-called “Floridian style,” which is characterized by slightly steep slopes, the presence of water barriers and free approaches, alternating with narrow approaches with areas of dense forest. The quality of the playing field in hot and dry summers is guaranteed by a watering system designed by Danish designers. The course is open from the end of April to the end of November.
Charming Estonia offers holidays on the picturesque Baltic coast and relaxation on the lake shores, a rich excursion program and treatment on mineral springs. Ancient Tallinn, resort Pärnu and the island of Saaremaa - all about Estonia: visa, map, tours, prices and reviews.
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Holidays in Estonia have a number of obvious advantages: proximity to Russia (you can get here in a few hours by bus from St. Petersburg), the process of obtaining a visa is not too complicated, the absence of a language barrier (in large cities almost everyone speaks Russian), and a high level of service. And the Estonian “excursion” is generally beyond praise: it’s even surprising how so many attractions fit into such a small country. Finally, in the summer you can sunbathe, swim, and at the same time improve your health.
All of Estonia is one big resort: hotels and sanatoriums are springing up wherever there are suitable conditions. Lovers of a quiet and secluded holiday can have a good rest on the islands, as well as on farms and farms in the Estonian “outback”. The country's entry into Schengen did not make obtaining a visa a more complicated procedure (however, it did not simplify it), but it opened the borders of many European countries to its guests.
Regions and resorts of Estonia
Time difference from Moscow
no in winter −1 hour
- with Kaliningrad
- with Samara
- with Yekaterinburg
- with Omsk
- with Krasnoyarsk
- with Irkutsk
- with Yakutsk
- with Vladivostok
- from Severo-Kurilsk
- with Kamchatka
Climate
The weather in Estonia is subject to the whims of the Baltic. The climate here is temperate, moving from maritime to continental. On west coast a little warmer than in the southwest, but overall the temperature difference is insignificant. Winters are most often mild and snowy, but the local weather has seven Fridays a week: clear sunshine can suddenly give way to gusty winds and prickly rain. Most precipitation falls in autumn, but an umbrella will come in handy at the end of August. Spring is gray and cool, summer is warm, but not stuffy (winds from the Baltic Sea save you from the heat).
Officially, the swimming season lasts from June to August, but it is more comfortable to swim from mid-July: shallow coastal waters warm up to +20...+25 °C by this time.
Visa and customs
Estonia is a member of the Schengen Agreement. A visa and travel health insurance are required to visit the country.
The import and export of foreign currency is not limited, but amounts over 10,000 EUR must be declared. There are no restrictions on the import of personal items; meat and dairy products are prohibited. You can carry 200 cigarettes or 100 cigarillos, or 50 cigars, or 250 g of tobacco. Customs will allow 1 liter of strong drinks (with an alcohol content of more than 22°) or 2 liters with an alcohol content of less than 22°, 4 liters of wine and 16 liters of beer. You can take 50 ml of perfume or 250 ml of eau de toilette with you. Medicines - in the quantity necessary for personal use, baby and medical food - up to 2 kg per person (packages must be sealed). The import of drugs, weapons, explosives, pornography and any counterfeit goods is strictly prohibited. Cultural property exported from Estonia must be accompanied by official certificates. Prices on the page are for October 2018.
Tax free
Shopping in Estonia can become 20% more profitable if you meet all the conditions of the system Tax free. This is not difficult to do: just make purchases worth at least 39 EUR in stores marked with appropriate signs and ask the seller for two receipts - a regular cash receipt and a special one, with a list of purchased goods, indicating VAT rates and the buyer’s personal data. All this will be needed at customs at the airport: unpacked goods will be inspected, a Tax free receipt will be stamped, and at the office Global Blue They will give you the required amount in cash or arrange a bank transfer.
How to get to Estonia
The largest airport in Estonia, Tallinn Airport, is located within the capital, just 4 km from it historical center. Direct flights from Moscow are operated only by Aeroflot, departure from Sheremetyevo, you will spend 1 hour 40 minutes in the air. Getting there with one transfer is a little more profitable: Air Baltic has routes with a connection in Riga, the journey duration is from 3 hours 20 minutes. LOT, UTair, Es Seven and other carriers organize flights with two transfers, the journey takes from 5.5 hours, connections in Riga, St. Petersburg, Vilnius and other European cities.
There are no direct flights from St. Petersburg to Tallinn. Air Baltic flies via Riga (from 3 hours in the air), Norra and Finnair - via Helsinki (from 7 hours), Scandinavian Airlines - via Stockholm (from 4 hours), LOT - via Warsaw (from 20 hours).
You can also get to the Estonian capital by land. The Baltic Express runs between Moscow and Tallinn, starting from Leningradsky Station and taking 15.5 hours to reach its destination. Tickets in a reserved seat - 80 EUR, in a compartment - 95 EUR. You can also take the same train in St. Petersburg, at the Moskovsky station: the trip will cost 40 EUR and 50 EUR, respectively. Ecolines buses also depart from both Russian capitals to Tallinn: tickets from Moscow - 55 EUR, from St. Petersburg - 20 EUR, schedule and details - at the office. carrier's website.
Search for flights to Estonia
To Estonia by car
You can also get to Estonia by car (just under 8 hours drive from St. Petersburg) through the checkpoints of Narva, Pechora and Luhamaa. However, keep in mind that there may be a long queue at the border.
Information about border checkpoints: Pärnu is located at the same distance from the checkpoint of Narva and Kunichnaya Gora (which is near Pskov), but the queue is traditionally much shorter at Kunichnaya Gora. But on the way back, you can reserve your place in the queue on the GoSwift website. Reservations can be made 90 days in advance. Next, the procedure is simple - drive up to Narva, go to the “station” (turn right immediately after the first gas station when entering the city, and look for a small sign on the left hand side on the concrete fence). As soon as the reservation number is displayed, go to the window, go through the necessary procedures and after that go directly to the checkpoint. Don't forget to take out Green Card insurance in advance.
Transport
The main means of transportation between Estonian cities is the train. The railway network is maintained by Elron (office site), the rolling stock has recently been updated: the seats are now soft, there are blackout curtains on the windows, Wi-Fi is available in the cars. Tickets are sold at the box office and online, and electronic tickets do not need to be printed: special machines read them directly from the display.
A trip from the capital to Tartu will cost from 10.50 EUR, to Narva - from 11.40 EUR.
An alternative to trains are buses: intercity transport strictly follows the schedule and stops in the centers of all settlements. The largest carriers are Sebe, Lux Express (office site), Simple Express (office site). The cost of a trip from Tallinn to Pärnu is 6-9 EUR, to Haapsalu - 8 EUR.
Between numerous Estonian islands There are ferries. Ticket prices range from 3-4 EUR depending on the distance, standard surcharge for a car is 10 EUR.
Public transport within cities
Buses operate in most Estonian cities; there are also trolleybuses and trams in the capital. Tickets are sold at kiosks (1 EUR) and from drivers (2 EUR); it is more profitable to purchase reusable electronic cards (from 3 EUR) and top them up with the required amount. By the way, Tallinn residents themselves use public transport absolutely free.
Tourists rarely need taxis in Estonia: most attractions are located within walking distance of each other. However, you can always catch a car on the street or call by phone, the average tariff for landing is 2 EUR, for each km - 0.50-1 EUR, at night - twice as expensive.
Bicycles are rented out in specialized showrooms and large hotels. The 1st hour of rental costs from 1.60 EUR, each subsequent hour - from 1.40 EUR, a day - from 10 EUR (plus a required deposit - 100 EUR). The trip will be as eventful as possible if you pick up a brochure with detailed cycling routes from the travel agency.
Rent a Car
If traveling around Estonia is not limited to Tallinn, renting a car is a very good solution. In the capital, the old center is given over to pedestrians; attractions are located close to each other. But beyond its borders there is complete freedom of movement: the roads are good, ferries deliver cars to the large islands.
Rental offices are located at the airport and big cities, the most popular are Alamo, Inter Rent, addCar, Prime Car Rent. Cars are rented to drivers over 19 years of age with insurance and an international license valid for more than a year. Some companies charge additional rates for customers under 25 years of age. In addition to the rental fee, you will need to pay a deposit (about 450 EUR) with bank card. The cost of renting a standard car is from 35 EUR, a station wagon - from 40 EUR, a premium model or SUV - from 70 EUR per day. Gasoline costs 1.10-1.20 EUR per liter; when returning the car you will have to fill up a full tank.
Fines for violating traffic rules are severe: from 70 EUR for talking on a mobile phone to 1200 EUR for speeding or drunk driving.
Traffic jams only occur in the capital, where it is most difficult to find a parking space. Most parking lots in the centers of large cities are paid and equipped with parking meters. You can leave a car for an hour for 0.60-5 EUR, depending on the area.
Communication and Wi-Fi
Using Estonian SIM cards is quite profitable. The key players in the mobile communications market are Tele2, EMT and Elisa; it is most convenient for tourists to connect the so-called conversational SIM cards (konekaart), the activation of which does not require any special formalities. They are sold at gas stations, supermarkets and kiosks of the R-kiosk network and cost from 2-3 EUR. If you wish, you can choose an additional package with Internet traffic for 4-10 EUR.
Calls to your home country with an EMT operator will cost 0.50 EUR per minute; Tele2 has a special “Russia” tariff for 5 EUR with 50 minutes of calls included for a month.
You can no longer find payphones on the streets of Estonian cities: they were eliminated as unnecessary back in 2010. But there are no problems with the Internet: unlimited free Wi-Fi is available at the airport, restaurants, hotels and many public places in large cities and resorts.
Money
The country's currency is the Euro (EUR), 1 euro is 100 euro cents. Current rate: 1 EUR = 73 RUB.
It is best to go to Estonia with euros in your pocket: rubles are exchanged here, but the exchange rate is not very attractive. Dollars are accepted at all banks and exchange offices Eurex, Tavid and Monex, located everywhere: at the airport, hotels, large shopping malls, and railway stations. The most favorable rates are usually in banks; many exchangers charge a commission for transactions.
Tipping is voluntary: you can always thank an attentive waiter with 5-10% of the bill, but no one will judge you for paying strictly according to the check.
Estonian banks are open on weekdays from 9:00 to 18:00; exchange offices often work longer. Some financial institutions are also open on Saturdays (until lunch), but Sundays are closed everywhere. Credit cards Common payment systems are accepted in both large stores and small souvenir shops. There are ATMs even in the outback, and they are safe to use: credit card fraud is rare in Estonia.
Russian International Academy of Tourism
Essay
discipline: Foreign regional studies
on the topic: Estonia
Student group 210
Arseny Roman.
Gangway
2005 year.
……………………………………..3
I. Recreational resources……………………………………………....4
1.Geographical location of the country………………………………...….4
2.Natural resources……………………………………………………………......4
3.Historical and cultural resources……………………………………………………6
4. Ethnographic resources……………………………………………7
4.1Estonian cuisine………………………………………………………..9
4.2 Official holidays and days off in Estonia………………..9
4.3Festivals and holidays in Estonia…………………………………...10
4.4National costumes………………………………………………10
5. Socio-economic resources……………………………………11
5.1Population……………………………………………………………….11
5.2Large cities…………………………………………………………11
5.3Religion…………………………………………………………………..11
5.4Economy……………………………………………………………….11
II.Main types of tourism……………………………………………...12
1. Number of foreign tourists visiting Estonia…………...12
2. Income from tourism……………………………………………………….12
3.Types of tourism……………………………………………………………..12
III.Resorts…………………………………………………………………15
IV.Tourist centers…………………………………………………….16
1.Large cities………………………………………………………...16
2. Tallinn excursion routes.................................................... .....26
Material used……………………………………………….27
Application………………………………………………………………....28
Map of tourism sites in Estonia
Introduction.
I chose this country for my work because it is a completely unusual, mysterious country. It is not at all necessary to travel to distant countries. The amazing is often very close by: a small country where there are all ancient cities and untouched nature, comfortable hotels and popular resorts, small shops and large shopping centers, noisy nightclubs, cozy cafes and restaurants. And most importantly, the smiles of people who are always happy to see you.
I. Recreational resources
1.Geographical location of the country.
Estonia is located in the northeastern part of Europe, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The closest northern neighbor is Finland. From Tallinn to Helsinki it is only 87 km by sea. A little further, 401 km northwest of Tallinn, is the capital of Sweden - Stockholm. Narova River and Lake Peipsi serve as a watershed between Estonia and Russia. Southern Estonia shares land borders with Russia and Latvia. The area of Estonia is 45227 km2.
2. Natural resources.
Estonia is a flat country. Most of the territory lies at an altitude of 50 m above sea level. The highest point - 318 m - is Suur Munamägi hill in southern Estonia. This is the highest point in the Baltic.
Estonia - maritime state. Heavily rugged coastline together with the islands it is 3794 km. There are more than 1,500 islands in Estonia, the largest of which are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Muhu, Vormsi, Naissaar, Aegna, Prangli, Kihnu, Ruhnu, Abruka and Vilsandi. Sea Islands make up 9.2% of the territory.
There are more than 1000 lakes in Estonia. Lake Peipsi, or Peipsi in Estonian, with 3,555 km2, is the fourth largest lake in Europe.
Estonia has a temperate maritime climate. The favorable season for tourism is from early May to mid-October. In the summer months the air temperature is 15-25C. Thanks to the shallow water, the water in the sea and lakes quickly warms up and reaches 20-24C in July. The swimming season lasts from the beginning of June to the end of August. Estonian beaches are a great place for a family holiday with children. In shallow and warm water with a clean sandy bottom, there is not the slightest danger for vacationers. On natural beaches stretching for tens of kilometers, you can relax in complete privacy.
Winter in Estonia is good for skiing. Best month for this it is February.
In the northern part of Estonia there is a limestone plateau, the northern edge of which forms a steep ledge - the North Estonian Klint, stretching along the entire north coast from Narva to Cape Pakri. In some places the cliff gently descends to the sea itself (Cape Pakri) or suddenly moves away and becomes a steep cliff (the highest height in Ontika is 56 m). On the limestone plateau, covered with only a thin layer of soil, there are unique fields of juniper thickets.
The numerous lakes and hills of Otepää, Haanja and Sakala give the southern part of Estonia its uniqueness and attractiveness. Rivers originating at higher elevations flow along ancient valley, unexpectedly revealing outcrops of reddish Devonian sandstone.
There are 11,800 bogs in Estonia. Their total area 9150 km2, which is over 20% of the territory. Of interest are the drumlin landscapes of Vooremaa and Kõrvemaa, waterfalls on the rivers Jägala, Keila, Narova and karst springs. Estonia's great wealth is forests, covering about 40% of its territory. Estonia is located in a zone of mixed forests, although there is a predominance of coniferous species. The forests are inhabited by elk, wild boars, and roe deer; There are wolves, bears, lynxes, and flying squirrels. The bird fauna includes about 350 species, of which wood grouse, partridge, hazel grouse, and black grouse are widespread. The sea is inhabited by herring, cod, pike perch, sprat and eel.
Specially protected natural areas:
There is the Lahemaa National Park. Lahemaa National Park is located in an area that includes virgin landscapes of various types - coastal lowlands, pine forests, limestone plateaus, rocky fields, waterfalls and fast-flowing rivers. The natural national park is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, in the central part of the North Estonian Lowland, with an area of 64.9 thousand hectares.
Organized in 1971.
The northern part of the park is characterized by rocky islands, bays, boulder fields with giant stone blocks, pine and spruce forests. In the central part there is a vast plain with alvars, waterfalls, karst fields, and swamps. In the southern part there are many lakes, rivers with rapids and waterfalls.
The forests are inhabited by elk, wild boar, roe deer, and lynx; on reservoirs - waterfowl.
On the territory of the park there are architectural and cultural monuments (ancient settlements, burial grounds). Eat cultural landscapes, Where economic activity(agricultural, fishing, forestry production) is carried out in the interests of the park. Traditional crafts are preserved and supported, and individual villages and hamlets are taken under protection.
Visits to the park are regulated; excursions are educational and recreational. In zones natural landscapes Where visiting is limited, nature-educational trails (length up to 15 km) have been laid, which are equipped with signs. For recreational recreation, zones with a boarding house, motel, and rest house are allocated (urban-type settlement Võsu and its environs).
There are 4 nature reserves in Estonia (Viidumäe, Vilsandi, Matsalu, Nigula) and 30 nature reserves.
Vilsandi, a group of islands of the Baltic Sea and the northwestern coast of the island. Saaremaa, in Estonia. Area 10,689 hectares, including water area 9,400 hectares. Since 1910, an ornithological reserve has been organized (Vaika and Vilsandi islands). Over 200 bird species live here, including eider, greylag goose, mute swan, and Scandinavian mountain pipit.
Matsalu, a bay of the Baltic Sea on the western coast of Estonia. Length 21 km, average width 4 km. Shallow water. The Kasari River flows into the bay. The shores are sandy and covered with reeds and reeds. Matsalu Nature Reserve and its surroundings habitat large quantity species of waterfowl. Matsalu Nature Reserve is located on 50 islands of the Moonsund Strait. Area 13.5 thousand hectares (1973). Founded in 1957 on the basis of an ornithological reserve and a hunting educational and experimental farm for the protection of natural complexes and a diverse fauna of birds (about 250 species, including over 160 nesting ones). Ornithological research on the territory of Matsalu has been carried out since 1870. Waterfowl and wading birds are especially numerous in the reserve. Flocks of whooper swans, northern ducks and waders are on the fly. Mute swans, gray geese nest in the reeds, and moulting drakes of mallards and red-headed ducks. Ducks and many waders make their nests in grassy meadows. Eiders, tufted ducks, shelducks, mergansers, scoters, gulls and terns nest on the islands.
Reserve Nigula is located in southwest Estonia. Founded in 1957. Area 2771 hectares. It is a raised bog with peat deposits up to 4 m and pine forests. The forests are home to elk, roe deer, wild boar and other animals and birds.
3.Historical and cultural resources.
Territory modern Estonia was inhabited approximately five thousand years before the birth of Christ. Thus, Estonians can be considered one of ancient peoples Europe. Profitable geographical position on the perek