Spain is a European country. Spain - your trip to Spain: map, visa, photo, cities, resorts. Media in Spain

Madrid is located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula on the Meseta plateau (translated from Spanish as “table”), at an altitude of over 650 m above sea level, south of the Sierra de Guadarrama mountains, on both banks of the shallow Manzanares River (Tajo Basin). This part of the plateau is called Novocastilian. In terms of precipitation, the Meseta plateau ranks one of the last places in Europe, so it can be called a real European desert. The hot, dry summer is also due to the subtropical Mediterranean climate of the continental type. In winter, the air temperature rarely drops below 0° C. The average temperature in January is +5° C, in July - up to +24.5° C. On average, about 440 mm of precipitation falls in this area per year, mainly in winter. The water supply to Madrid poses some difficulties, so reservoirs have been created in the Sierra de Guadarrama area, from where water is supplied to the city using special canals.

In the vicinity of the capital, vegetation characteristic of the Mediterranean can be found, for example, evergreen shrubs - maquis, gariga, as well as semi-shrubs - tomillars. Maquis consists mainly of bushes of myrtle, juniper, wild pistachio and cistus. Deer, roe deer and wild boar are common in large numbers. The predominant predators are wolves, foxes and Spanish lynxes. The fauna of the plateau is characterized by the presence of several species of lizards, snakes and chameleons. Tarantulas and scorpions also breed well here.

Population, language, religion

The capital ranks first in the country in terms of population, which is increasing mainly due to immigrants. According to the latest data, about 16 thousand foreigners permanently reside in Madrid. The capital's population is approximately 5 million people.

The official language is Spanish. Some districts also allow the use of Catalan, Galician and Basque. Spanish, or Castilian, belongs to the group of Romance languages. Nevertheless, it still retains some elements from the Arabic language, which is due to the long-term dominance of this ethnic group in this territory. Catalan, like Spanish, belongs to the Romance branch, and Galician is close in origin to Portuguese.

The majority of the population is Catholic. The church is separated from the state. Its relations with the main institutions of power are built in accordance with the agreement concluded in 1979.

History of development

Madrid grew up around the Moorish fortress of Majirit, the first mention of which dates back to 932. Until 1083, there was a fierce struggle for the fortress between the Arabs and the Spaniards. Eventually the fortress became the property of the latter. The Christian Reconquista, which translated means “reconquest”, “return”, was started by the Visigothic nobility under the leadership of Pelayo. In 1118, the city acquired greater rights in connection with its successful completion. Great importance for the rise of Madrid among others major cities had a marriage between Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, concluded in 1469. As a result, a gradual process of centralization began, which was completed by the end of the 15th century.

During the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, a struggle for the purity of the Christian faith was proclaimed. In the capital, brutal persecution of Jews, Muslims, and, somewhat later, Protestants began. The fires of the Inquisition were burning all over Madrid at that time. The great-grandson of the famous royal couple, Ferdinand II, went down in the history of the development of Madrid as the person to whom the city owed the status of the capital. This happened in 1561. The growth rate was so great that literally within a century the city turned into a major commercial and industrial center of the country. The strengthening of the role of Madrid occurred thanks to the political activities of Charles III, who was called the most successful king of the 18th century. During his reign, there was unprecedented economic growth not only in the region, but throughout the country.

The 19th century is known as a time of struggle against the reactionary monarchy. In March 1808, Madrid was captured by French troops. Two months later, the war of liberation broke out, marking the beginning of the Spanish Revolution of 1808-1814. In the 19th century Madrid became the center of revolutions 4 times.

1868 was marked by the creation in Madrid of the Spanish group of the 1st International. The First Republic, however, lasted no more than a year. According to the constitution of 1876, royal power was limited, but the country developed slowly under such conditions.

Since the First World War, Madrid has become a center of political struggle among various segments of the population. Although Spain formally remained neutral, the economic crisis was growing, and popular discontent associated with rising inflation was intensifying. After the military coup of 1923, General Primo de Rivera came to power and managed to ensure stability in both the political and economic spheres for 8 years. But in 1931, at the request of anti-monarchist forces, the king abdicated the throne, and the Second Republic was proclaimed.

In the period 1936-1939. Madrid was the place of concentration of republican forces. Despite the fact that the south and west of the country went over to the side of the rebels under the leadership of General Franco, Madrid remained loyal to the republican government. Nazi Germany came to the aid of the pro-fascist army of rebels. In early November 1936, fascist rebels invaded the outskirts of Madrid. Residents of the city held the defense until March 28, 1939. The defeat of the capital was never officially recognized, but over time this center of resistance was eliminated.

Madrid remained a place of activity for revolutionary youth in the middle of the 20th century. With the accession of the current king, Juan Carlos I, to the throne in 1975, significant changes were outlined in the political life of the country. Spain embarked on the path of democratic development after the popular unrest of 1981 and 1982, the center of which was Madrid. The last most important event in the history of the development of the capital was its proclamation European city culture.
Cultural significance

The cultural significance of the capital of Spain is difficult to overestimate. After all, over the past few centuries the city has become the center of dramatic and musical theaters, numerous museums and architectural monuments. The historical core of Madrid is located southeast of the area of ​​the former royal palace. Unfortunately, most of the architectural monuments were lost during the reconstruction of the city in the 19th-20th centuries. The appearance of old Madrid, with its irregular layout characteristic of a medieval city, has been preserved only to the southwest of Plaza Puertadel Sol, located on the site of the eastern gate medieval city. In this part of the capital, it is worth highlighting such architectural monuments of the 16th-17th centuries as the Episcopal Chapel (1520), the ensemble of Plaza Mayor, built according to the design of the architect J. de Mora in 1629, and the Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes (1624) in the Herreresco style.

In the XVIII - first quarter of the XIX century. Classicism dominated the architecture of Madrid. Architectural monuments dating back to this period are the Royal Palace (1738-1764), the Town Hall, the Royal Academy fine arts“San Feriando”, rebuilt in 1774 under the direction of the architect X. de Villanueva, the Church of San Francisco el Grande, the Prado Museum and the Church of San Antonio de la Florida, which still has frescoes by F. Goya.

Madrid's rapid growth comes in second half of XIX V. During this period, Madrid intensively merged with its suburbs. Art Nouveau became the leading architectural style. The Cathedral of Nuestra Señora de la Almudena, built at the end of the 19th century, is the most striking example of this trend in the history of the development of architecture in Spain.

In 1929, a master plan for the reconstruction of Madrid was developed, headed by the architect F. De Escondrilla. During the Republican government, intensive work was carried out to improve the city. According to created in the 1950s. According to the new master plan, the city was to be developed mainly in the north, east and southeast. This is how a number of satellite cities appeared, including Escorial and El Prado.

To replace eclecticism in the 20th century. modern trends have arrived. A striking example of the trends characteristic of this period is the Ministry of Aviation, built under the direction of the architect L. G. Soto (Syodad Hardin district, "garden city"), a university campus restored in the 1950s. Central Tuberculosis Sanatorium (1935), Zarzuela Hippodrome (1935), Institute of Constructions and Cement (1951). The most important work of architecture of the 1960s. can be called the “White Towers” ​​skyscraper by the architect F. X. Saenz de Hois.

The masterpieces of monumental sculpture in Madrid can be admired endlessly. Famous equestrian statues of Philip III (1613), Philip IV (1640), fountains of the 18th century, monuments to X. Columbus (1885), F. Goya (1905), two monuments to M. Cervantes (1835 and 1927), made of bronze, will not leave anyone indifferent.

Madrid is of great importance for connoisseurs of Arab-Moorish art. Here, as nowhere else, you can trace the history of its development from the very beginning to the era of its greatest prosperity in the 13th-14th centuries. The capital has more than 100 museums and art galleries. But business card Madrid can rightly be called the Prado Museum, where priceless paintings by Botticelli, Raphael, Titian, Bosch, Bruegel, Goya, Velazquez, El Greco, Dürer, Rubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio and many other famous artists are kept. In separate rooms of the Prado Museum, classical sculpture, works of jewelry, as well as a fine collection of porcelain and coins are presented.

Archaeological Museum contains valuable exhibits from all cultures of Spain from ancient times to the present day. Here you can see the richest collections of ancient coins and ceramics. And the Museum of Modern Art of Spain houses the largest private collection in Europe, the Thyssen Bornemissen art gallery. The Royal Palace is interesting because here you can explore the palace halls, the Royal Library, the Royal Pharmacy, the armory, numismatic museums, as well as the Museum of Music, Applied Arts and Painting.

The famous Puerta Del Sol is located in the center of Madrid. It is popular among tourists because there is a figure of a bear made of stone in the middle. Not far from Puerta del Sol there is the Carboneras Monastery, built in 1607, where the most valuable ancient paintings are kept. The Royal Theater, built in the 17th century, is located next to Encarnacion Square. No less famous is the convent of Descalzas Reales, founded in the 16th century. For several centuries, high-ranking persons stayed here, who donated various works of art from their collections to the monastery as payment for their stay. Thus on this moment The museum contains many masterpieces of world art. The Calatravas Church is distinguished by its original architectural solutions. The Palace of the Dukes of Uceda, dating back to the beginning of the 17th century, is of cultural value. Extraordinary beauty The fountain of the goddess Cibeles, which is installed on the square of the same name, is also famous. The composition represents a chariot harnessed to lions.

Madrid is home to a large number of large educational institutions. Everyone, including foreigners, is given a good opportunity to receive an education of international standard. These universities include the University of Madrid, the Catholic University, the Autonomous University of Madrid, the Royal College of Maria Cristina, the Conservatory and the School of Dramatic Art. In addition, there are also special educational institutions in Madrid, for example, the Royal Spanish Academy, the Royal Academy of History, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal National Academy. medicine. Among the research institutions, the astronomical observatory and the botanical garden should be highlighted.

Tourist Information

The capital of sunny Spain is one of the most unique cities in the world. Never stopping for a minute night life magically attracts tourists from all over the world. The economic and cultural life of the city is centered on Paseo de la Castellana. This is where the most expensive shops and luxurious restaurants are located. However, for those tourists who prefer a quiet family vacation, we can advise you to wander through the quiet streets of the old Moorish quarter, preserved almost in their original form, or visit one of the parks that promise coolness even on the hottest afternoon.

Bullfights take place in Madrid twice a year. According to some people, bullfighting is an extremely cruel and bloody act, but for the Spaniards, and in last years and this is the favorite spectacle of most tourists.

Toledo - the ancient capital of Spain

Toledo, located in the center of Spain, near the Tagus River, was originally a settlement of the Carpetans, an ancient Iberian tribe. In the II century. BC e. Toledo was captured by Roman troops, who gave it the name Toletum (Tolet). In historical sources, the first mention of Toleta as a Roman city dates back to 193 AD. e. (Toledo is the Spanish version of the name). From the time of Roman rule, the city has preserved fragments of such architectural structures, like a circus and an aqueduct.

From the 6th to the 8th centuries, Toledo was the capital of the Visigothic state, located on the territory modern Spain. In 711 the city was conquered by the Arabs, who retained their dominance here until the 11th century. For three centuries, Toledo was ruled either by Arab emirs or Moorish caliphs, against whose cruel and unjust power the city residents repeatedly rebelled. Being the center Arab Emirate, Toledo was a fairly developed city economically; The production of metal products (in particular, edged weapons) and leather dressing were well established here.

In 1085, Alfonso IV the Brave, who had been the king of Leon since 1065, conquered Toledo and several other nearby cities from the Arabs. After this, Toledo became the capital of Leon and Castile. In 1479, after the unification of the Spanish provinces and the formation of a single state, Toledo received the status of the capital of Spain. In the 15th century Craft production continued to develop in the city: the production of fabrics (cloth, silk, brocade), jewelry, ceramics, etc. In 1561, the Spanish capital was moved to Madrid, and therefore by the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. Toledo's role in the economic and political development of the country has noticeably decreased.

During the Middle Ages, buildings were built in Toledo that are currently historical monuments. In the 9th century, already during Arab rule, the luxurious gate of Puerta Bisagra Antigua was built in the city, and at the end of the 11th century. - Puerta del Sol gate. In the 10th century The Bab Mardum mosque began to be built, which was later rebuilt into the Church of Santo Cristo de la Luz, and at the end of the 12th century. - Church of Santa Maria la Blanca. By the period of the XIII-XV centuries. includes the construction of the fortified bridges of San Martin and Alcantara, the Gothic Catholic Cathedral, and the Alcazar Castle (royal palace). XVI century dates back to the construction of the City Hall and the Church of Santo Domingo el Antiguo, created in the Renaissance style and decorated with paintings by El Greco.

From medieval times to the present day, the architectural appearance and layout of the city have not undergone much change, since the construction of new buildings has hardly been carried out here even in recent decades. The city is bordered by stone battlements, from historical center Toledo has many branched, narrow and crooked streets, some of which go up the mountain. Since the 20th century Toledo is national reserve ancient architecture. Former capital Spain was also declared a museum city. Here is the house-museum of the outstanding artist El Greco, whose period of creativity coincides with the end of the Renaissance and the beginning of the era of new art of the 17th century, as well as the Lerma Museum, the Provincial Museum, etc.

To this day, the city remains a major center of handicraft production: Toledo blades and banderillas, as well as bullfighting items, are widely known throughout the world. Now Toledo is the administrative center of the Spanish province of Toledo and the autopump of the region of Castile-La Mancha. Attractions of this ancient city attract many tourists from different countries.

The Kingdom of Spain.

The name of the country comes from the Phoenician “i-shpanim” - “coast of rabbits”.

Capital of Spain. Madrid.

Plaza de España. 504784 km2.

Population of Spain. 40038 thousand people

Location of Spain. Spain is a southern European country. Occupies five-sixths of the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic and Piti Islands and the Canary Islands. The Pyrenees Mountains are inaccessible and isolate Spain from the rest, except those located on the western part of the peninsula. Spain is washed Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. By land it borders with Portugal in the west, with (along the crest of the Pyrenees Mountains) and a tiny state in the northeast, with Gibraltar in the south.

Administrative divisions of Spain. Consists of 17 autonomous regions: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Valencia, Galicia, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Catalonia, Castile-Lamancha, Castile and Leon, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, Rioja, Extremadura, which unite 50 provinces, as well as 2 cities (Ceuta and Melilla), which are independent administrative units.

Form of government of Spain. .

Head of State of Spain. King.

Highest legislative body of Spain. The Cortes Generales (parliament), consisting of two chambers, are elected for 4 years.

Supreme executive body of Spain. Government.

Major cities in Spain. Barcelona, ​​Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Bilbao, Malaga.

Official language of Spain. Spanish, the use of Catalan, Galician and some other languages ​​of national minorities is legalized.

Ethnic composition of Spain. 72.8% are Spaniards, 16.4% are Catalans, 8.2% are Galicians, 2.3% are Basques.

Currency of Spain. Euro = 100 cents.

Useful information for tourists about Spain, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, currency of Spain, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions in Spain.

Geography of Spain

Spain is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. It owns the Balearic and Pitius Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands in Atlantic Ocean. Borders with France, Andorra, Portugal.

About 2/3 of Spain's territory is occupied by the massive Meseta plateau, surrounded by high mountains. In her central regions the large ridges of the Central Cordillera rise.

In the south rise the Toledo Mountains (the highest point is Mount Corocho de Rosigaldo, 1447 m). Most southern edge The Sierra Morena meseta is raised to heights of about 900 m (the highest point is Mount Estrella, 1299 m). The Sierra Morena drops steeply into the vast Andalusian lowland with the Guadalquivir River. The Guadalquivir River flows into the Gulf of Cadiz; near its mouth there is a vast wetland National Park Doñana.

In the south-east of Spain stretch the folded mountains of the Cordillera Penibetica with the highest peak of the country - Mount Mulacén (3482 m), crowned with snowfields and glaciers, which occupy the southernmost position in Western Europe. The Iberian mountains separate the Meseta from the Aragonese plateau. In some places they exceed 2100 m (up to 2313 m in the Sierra del Moncayo). The low Catalan Mountains (average heights 900–1200 m, peak Mount Caro, 1447 m) run for 400 km almost parallel to the Mediterranean coast.

The Pyrenees stretch for almost 400 km from the Mediterranean Sea to the Bay of Biscay and form a powerful insurmountable barrier between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. The highest peak is Aneto Peak (3404 m). The western continuation of the Pyrenees are the Cantabrian Mountains with highest point– Mount Pena Prieta (2536 m).

State

State structure

A constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the king. The head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament.

Language

Official language: Spanish

Local languages ​​are widely spoken in a number of areas: Basque in the Basque Country and Navarre, Galician in Galicia, Catalan in Catalonia, Valencian in Valencia (the latter is sometimes considered a dialect of Castilian).

Religion

The state religion of Spain is Roman Catholic. About 95% of Spaniards are Catholics.

Currency

International name: EUR

Most banks have a currency exchange desk. Usually you need to present your passport to exchange. For the main types of credit cards, the bank issues up to 300 euros at a time (per day).

Depending on the place of currency exchange, you may be charged from zero (note the inscription “No commission”) to 10% (of the total amount) commission. You should not exchange currency at the airport - here the percentage of bank commissions is always higher.

There are many ATMs in Spain and almost all of them accept Visa and Mastercard. Many ATMs are located indoors behind a closed door, and in order to get there, you need to swipe your card through a special device at the door.

History of Spain

In ancient times, Spain was inhabited by Iberians and was called Iberia. In the 5th century BC, the Celts came to Iberia. From their mixture, the Celtiberians were formed. Spain was successively conquered by Carthage (late 3rd century BC), the Roman Empire (late 1st century BC), the Visigoths (5th century AD) and, finally, the Arabs (8th century AD), who formed the Cordoba Caliphate. Cordoba became the center of Arab culture. The reconquest of the peninsula, the reconquista, took about four centuries. The areas conquered from the Arabs in the 15th century united around the united kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, becoming a single state. In the 16th century, absolutism established itself in Spain. Since the discovery of America by the Spanish expedition of Columbus in 1492, Spain has been a world power, reaching its greatest power in the 16th century. Under King Charles I (1515–1556), as well as his successor Philip II (1556–1598), Spain embarked on the path of conquest of America, becoming Spanish colonial empire. And then - wars, the struggle for the Spanish throne, revolutions, loss of colonies and colonial partitions, peace, more wars, revolution... - the history of the state is described on the pages of many books.

After the death of General Franco in 1975, the monarchy was restored in Spain. Juan Carlos from the Bourbon dynasty became king, who marked the beginning of democratic changes in the country. Since 1978, Spain has been a constitutional monarchy. The country's legislative body is the Cortes (bicameral parliament).

In ancient times, Spain was inhabited by Iberians and was called Iberia. In the 5th century BC, the Celts came to Iberia. From their mixture, the Celtiberians were formed. Spain was successively conquered by Carthage (late 3rd century BC), the Roman Empire (late 1st century BC), the Visigoths (5th century AD) and, finally, the Arabs (8th century AD), who formed the Cordoba Caliphate. Cordoba became the center of Arab culture. The reconquest of the peninsula, the reconquista, took about four centuries. The areas conquered from the Arabs in the 15th century united around the united kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, becoming a single state. In the 16th century, absolutism established itself in Spain. Since the discovery of America by the Spanish expedition of Columbus in 1492, Spain has been a world power, reaching its greatest power in the 16th century. Under King Charles I (1515–1556) and his successor Philip II (1556–1598), Spain set out to conquer the Americas, becoming the Spanish Colonial Empire. And then - wars, the struggle for the Spanish throne, revolutions, loss of colonies and colonial partitions, peace, more wars, revolution... - the history of the state is described on the pages of many books...

Popular attractions

Tourism in Spain

Where to stay

Because the most Spain's income comes from tourism, so no money or effort is spared on its development in the country. Thus, today about 10 thousand different hotels, boarding houses and other accommodation options are offered to tourists. You can choose a luxury hotel from one of the world's chains, stay in an ancient castle, or rent a room in a student dormitory or hostel.

The star rating of a hotel is determined by the Spanish Tourism Administration and can range from one to five stars. As a rule, the number of stars indicates the number of services provided, and service in all hotels remains at a consistently high level. Most of the hotels in Spain are paradors - 3-5 star hotels that are owned by the state. They are located in ancient buildings - former hunting lodges of the royal family, monasteries, ancient castles, palaces. Staying in such a hotel means not only good service, but also large, beautifully furnished rooms with well-restored antique interiors. Accommodation prices are appropriate.

If you plan to stay on the coast of Spain for more than a week, villas and hotel-type houses are at your service. In addition, many apartments, mini-hotels, and private hotels are always available to tourists.

For those who prefer to relax with minimal costs, places in youth hostels are offered. However, in this case you must have your Youth Hostels Association membership card with you or purchase one locally.

If you are not afraid of the Spartan environment and prefer silence and solitude, you can stay in one of the 150 monasteries. Here you will have to adhere to the traditional way of life of the monastery, in some cases cleaning the room and washing the dishes after meals yourself.

There are campsites throughout Spain, and especially on the coast. There is electricity, running water, many have laundries, sports grounds, restaurants, swimming pools, and other services.

Popular hotels

Excursions and attractions in Spain

Spain is a hospitable sunny country with ancient history and colorful traditions, rich cultural heritage, fashionable resorts, and also amazing natural beauties. Spain is different architectural masterpieces and cultural attractions, shops and restaurants, sea and mountains and, of course, enchanting flamenco and bullfighting.

The capital of Spain, Madrid, is an economic and Cultural Center country, as well as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. While exploring the city, be sure to visit Plaza Mayor, Puerta del Sol, Plaza de Cibeles, Plaza de la Villa, Paseo del Prado, Gran Via and Plaza España. Among the attractions of Madrid, the most interesting are the Royal Palace and its magnificent Sabatini Gardens, the Cathedral of Madrid, the Palacio de Liria, the monasteries of Encarnacion and Descals Reales, the Royal Cathedral of St. Francis, the Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes, the Church of San Antonio Isidro, Church of San Nicolas, Temple of Debod, Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Royal Theater and San Miguel Market. Madrid is famous and most interesting museums, among which the most popular are the Prado Museum, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Reina Sofia Art Center, National Archaeological Museum of Spain, Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts, Lazaro Galdiano Museum, Cerralbo Museum, Museum of Modern Art, Sorolla Museum, Military Museum, Maritime Museum of Madrid and the Lope de Vega House Museum. For travelers with children, it will be interesting to visit the Madrid Zoo, which is located on the territory of the huge Casa de Campo park and thematic amusement park Warner Madrid in the outskirts of the city.

Barcelona – resort town on the Mediterranean coast is rightfully considered the “pearl” of Spain. Barcelona impresses with amazing masterpieces of architecture, many of which were created by the famous architect Antonio Gaudi - the Sagrada Familia, Casa Calvet, Casa Mila, Casa Batlló, Casa Vicens, Palace and Park Güell. Definitely worth a visit and Gothic Quarter, Royal Square, Grand Royal Palace, Virreina Palace, Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Cathedral, Government Palace, Plaza Sant Jaume, Casa Leo Morera, Casa Amalle, Spanish Village, Palace of Catalan Music, Montjuic, Tibidabo, Monastery of Sant Pau del Cam, Royal Monastery, Church of Santa Maria de Pedralbes, Church of Santa -Maria del Pi and the Church of Santos Just y Pastor. Among the museums in Barcelona, ​​the most interesting are the Picasso Museum, National Museum Arts of Catalonia, Frederic Mares Museum, Archaeological Museum of Catalonia, Museum of Contemporary Art, Barcelona FC Museum and Chocolate Museum. Also popular places of Barcelona are the Aquarium, Barcelona Zoo, Botanical Garden, Maremagnum, monument to Christopher Columbus and Cudaglia Park.

Almost every spanish city is famous for its abundance of unique historical and cultural attractions. Traveling through this amazing country, you should definitely visit the stunning 13th-century architectural ensemble in Granada - the Moorish Alhambra Palace, the Great Mosque in Cordoba, the Royal Palace and the famous Cathedral in Valencia, the Alcazar Palace and the Cathedral in Seville, the Alcazar Castle in Toledo and the majestic monument of the Roman era - the Aqueduct in Segovia.

Among the famous sea ​​resorts The most popular destinations in Spain are Mallorca, Ibiza, Menorca, Tenerife, Costa Brava, Costa Dorada, Costa del Sol, Salou and the Canary Islands. Spain is famous for its excellent ski slopes. 32 km from Granada in the town of Pradollano there is a beautiful ski resort Sierra Nevada, and in the Pyrenees in the Val d'Aran valley there is the famous ski resort of Baqueira Beret.

Cuisine of Spain

By and large, all Mediterranean cuisines are somewhat similar. Therefore, it is not surprising to find echoes of Italian or French neighbors in traditional Spanish cooking. For example, in Catalan cuisine, an obligatory and even the main component is all kinds of sauces, among which there are four main ones: “sofrito” - made from garlic, onions, tomatoes, peppers, herbs; "samfaina" - from tomatoes, peppers, eggplants; "picada" - made from garlic, herbs, roasted almonds; "ali-oli" (ali-oli) - from garlic with olive oil. Popular dishes here include cazuela, thick and aromatic monkfish soup (suquet de peix), fried pork sausages with white beans in boiling lard (mongetes amb botifara), and capi-i-pota stew from pork head and pork legs. As throughout the coast, they love white bread here, generously sprinkled with olive oil, rubbed with garlic and tomato, both as an appetizer for main courses and separately.

An interesting fact: in Catalonia, the locals’ love for the dish of sweet white leeks gave birth to a whole culinary ceremony called Calcotada. The process of its preparation and consumption is turned into a colorful performance. These juicy onions with thick, fleshy stems are baked by the Catalans outdoors on a large lattice platform, which is located over a hot fire of grapevines. The prepared onions are served with a special romesco sauce (salsa romesco), which is prepared on a nut base with tomatoes, different types of peppers, parsley, garlic, olive oil and vinegar. The “eating” ceremony takes place at long dining tables, where there are pre-prepared plates, large ceramic saucers with romesco sauce and jugs of wine. Since onions are baked over an open fire and the charred onion can easily get dirty, calciotada participants are given special aprons and light disposable gloves. The onion is held in one hand, the soft core is removed from the middle with the other, dipped in the sauce and put into the mouth.

Valencian cuisine is also famous for its typically Mediterranean dishes. Locals They make excellent paella with all kinds of ingredients (meat, fish, vegetables and seafood) and other rice dishes, including the traditional Valencian “caldero” of fish and rice, cooked over coals in a special deep frying pan. For vegetarians, this is a real haven: vegetables - boiled, stewed, fresh - abound in the cuisine of Valencia. For example, pisto huertano (peasant-style vegetable stew) made from beets, beans and beans is especially loved by local residents. Among the sweet dishes, “turron” (halva) and ice cream, as well as pastries, bear an undeniable imprint of Arab cuisine. It is interesting that it was here, in the Mediterranean (in the city of Mahon on the island of Menorca), that mayonnaise, which has become the property of many peoples, was born.

Madrid stands apart in the general list of cuisines. Madrid fried meats, cod and rennet (sliced ​​and stewed innards) are equally beloved here, as are the traditional cocido madrileño (pea soups with croutons). But especially popular is Madrid's "calos" - spiced tripe with blood sausage and pepper sauce.

The cuisine of the Meseta province is dominated by vegetables and legumes (beans, peas, lentils). In Meseta they specially raise pigs, feeding them chestnuts and acorns; they also love game dishes here. In Castile-La Mancha you can try the cuisine described by Cervantes in Don Quixote: boiled meat with vegetables, meat salad and fried cracklings with fried eggs. Saffron, honey and sheep's cheeses are also used here.

Despite their external similarities, the northern and southern cuisines of Spain also have their own characteristics. In the Basque country, for example, “family” cooking with “home table” dishes is very common: “marmitaco” (potatoes with mackerel) and “changurro” (clams with crabs). Another famous creation is "bacalao al pil-pil" (cod in garlic sauce or Biscay style). In general, dishes with the inhabitants of the bottom of the sea are very common here. For example, the Basques consider “kokotxas” (sea pike fins) and eel fry to be the most delicious delicacy; they also love all kinds of shellfish - for example, boiled octopus (“pulpo a feira”), more common in Galician cuisine. Residents of other northern provinces have a special regard for beans, anchovies, all kinds of dairy products and, of course, excellent cheeses of local origin (goat, sheep, cow). The products produced here are renowned for their unsurpassed quality. In particular, the regions of La Rioja and Navarre are known for their abundant and natural food: asparagus, garlic, peppers, cucumbers, potatoes, young shoots of lettuce and other early vegetables, peaches, pears - the list goes on and on. Traditional dishes of these provinces are "pimientos rellenos" (sweet peppers stuffed with all kinds of fillings) and "navarro cochifrito" (spicy lamb stew). Desserts include fresh fruit covered in chocolate, as well as canned fruit and traditional buns. In general, it must be said that the Spaniards practically did not create their own traditional sweet dishes - most of the local delicacies were inherited from Arab culture.

Andalusian, or southern, cuisine of Spain is a fusion of the cultures of the peoples who once lived here. The famous cold soup "gazpacho" was born in Andalusia, as well as the world-wide method of deep-frying foods. This is not surprising - the best olive oil is produced in the south of Spain. Of the dishes typical of the south, one cannot fail to mention "pescaitos fritos" - tiny fried fish, which are eaten with the head and bones, and "pinchos morinos" (meat thoroughly marinated and skewered), as well as various pork dishes (excellent Jabugo ham is produced in the local province of Huelva).

Spanish cuisine is endless - you can’t try everything... However, in Spain you should definitely try at least the classic dishes. The famous Spanish omelette "tortilla". Spicy smoked chorizo ​​sausage. Serrano ham. Sheep's Manchego cheese. Delicious specially smoked ham "jamon". And, of course, cold gazpacho soup. By the way, when you find yourself at a common table with the Spaniards and making a toast, you should definitely wish them health, and when clinking glasses, say “chin-chin,” imitating the clink of crystal. This is an essential ritual! If you also say a few words in Spanish, you can become your own person forever.

By and large, all Mediterranean cuisines are somewhat similar. Therefore, it is not surprising to find echoes of Italian or French neighbors in traditional Spanish cooking. For example, in Catalan cuisine, an obligatory and even the main component is all kinds of sauces, among which there are four main ones: “sofrito” - made from garlic, onions, tomatoes, peppers, herbs; "samfaina" - from tomatoes, peppers, eggplants; "picada" - made from garlic, herbs, roasted almonds; "ali-oli" (ali-oli) - from garlic with olive oil. Popular dishes here include cazuela, thick and aromatic monkfish soup (suquet de peix), fried pork sausages with white beans in boiling lard (mongetes amb botifara), and capi-i-pota stew from pork head and pork legs. As along the entire coast, people here love white bread, generously sprinkled with olive oil, rubbed with garlic and tomato, both as an appetizer for main courses and separately....

Tips

Waiters, doormen and taxi drivers will not refuse tips, but do not insist on receiving them. In a restaurant, the average tip is usually 5-10% of the bill, in a taxi - the same. Often a tip is added to round up the bill.

Visa

Office hours

Most museums and historical buildings closed on Monday. On other days they usually work from 10 to 14 and from 17 to 20. Some churches are open during these hours, others only during services.

Shops are open from 10 to 22 hours, break from 14 to 17 hours. Bakeries and bars open from 8am. There are no breaks in hypermarkets and department stores, but they are closed on Sundays. Markets are only open in the mornings.

Banks are open on weekdays from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m., some close as early as 1 p.m. In August, most banks are closed on Saturdays.

Souvenirs

Damascus jewelry, knives and swords from Toledo, ceramics from Toledo, Valencia and Seville, filigree silver from Cordoba, leather wine bottles - botas, castanets, Spanish dolls and posters depicting bullfights.

Safety

In Spain, as in most European countries, you can drive around the countryside without fear. IN big cities The situation is more crime-prone, so it is better to keep credit cards and money in your belt, and when parking, do not leave things in the car in plain sight. If you feel unwell, first aid can be provided at a pharmacy.

Robbery attacks are rare in Spain, but tourists should still not walk alone in dimly lit places. It is better to carry your bag and camera over your shoulder rather than on your shoulder. Keep small change separate from big money, for example in your pocket: if you are threatened, give it to the attacker.

Spanish men on the streets often greet women with appreciative exclamations. This is just a custom, there is no desire behind it to offend or scare. Questions and Answers

Question answer

Spain- Southern European country. Occupies five-sixths of the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic and Pitius Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. The Pyrenees Mountains are inaccessible and isolate Spain from the rest of European countries, except Portugal, located on the western part of the peninsula. Spain is washed by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. By land it borders with Portugal in the west, with France (along the ridge of the Pyrenees Mountains) and the tiny state of Andorra in the northeast, with Gibraltar in the south.

The name of the country comes from the Phoenician “ispanim” - “coast of rabbits”.

General information about Spain

Official name: The Kingdom of Spain

Capital: Madrid

The area of ​​the land: 504.788 sq. km

Total Population: 47 million people

Administrative division: Consists of 17 autonomous regions: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Valencia, Galicia, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Catalonia, Castile-Lamancha, Castile and Leon, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, Rioja, Extremadura, which unite 50 provinces, as well as 2 cities (Ceuta and Melilla), which are independent administrative units.

Form of government: A constitutional monarchy.

Head of State: King.

Population composition: 74% of the country's population are Spaniards, 17% are Catalans, 5% are Galicians, 2% are Basques.

Official language: Spanish, often called Castilian. IN individual regions- Galician, Basque, local dialects. Catalan, which belongs to the Romance group and is closely related to the dialects of France, is recognized as the second state language, used in products mass media, almost all business negotiations and paperwork are conducted on it.

Religion: 95% are Catholics, 3% are Muslims, 1% are Orthodox, 0.5% are Jews.

Internet domain: .es

Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz

Country dialing code: +34

Country barcode: 84

Climate

Due to the extent of Spain from north to south and its extensive mountain system, the climate varies quite noticeably in different parts of the country. The vertical zonation is also clearly visible.

The northern regions are in rather unique conditions - there is a strong influence of wet sea masses from the Atlantic, therefore in Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and the Basque Country there are mild (from +8°C to +14°C) and fairly wet winters, and summers are moderately warm ( from +21°С to 26°С). However, from the north this region is fenced off by a powerful wall of the Pyrenees Mountains (height up to 3404 m), so in mountainous areas the temperature in winter can drop to -7°C, and in summer it usually does not warm up above +22°C. At the same time, these same mountains seem to block highly heated air masses coming from the south, from Africa, which in summer often leads to an increase in daytime temperatures to +32°C.

A narrow strip of coast north of the mountains in its own weather conditions already belongs to a temperate maritime climate. Precipitation falls up to 1200 mm per year, mainly in the autumn-winter period. In high mountain areas, frosts and heavy snowfalls are common in winter.

The central regions of Spain are located in the area of ​​high plateaus and mountain ranges of the Meseta, so the climate here is close to sharply continental - day and night temperatures can differ by 10-15 degrees even in summer. Winter here is dry and for so southern region- cold (from -4°C to +8°C), hot summer (up to +30°C during the day) and dry. In Madrid, in summer the average temperature is around +25°C (at night it can drop to +16°C, and during the day the thermometer can exceed +38°C), in winter - about +5°C. Precipitation falls no more than 500 mm per year, mainly in spring and autumn. In the mountainous regions of Aragon and northern Castile, snow often falls in winter. In the Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada and Sierra de Guadarrama, many peaks are covered with snow all year round.

The east coast of Spain has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. It has dry, hot summers and mild winters. In summer, temperatures can reach +36-38°C with an average level of about +27°C; in winter, the thermometer does not drop below +12°C, although it usually stays around +14-18°C ( Mediterranean coast The country is quite extensive, so it is always somewhat warmer in the south than in the north). There is little precipitation (500-600 mm per year), mainly in autumn and winter. In summer the water warms up to +23-27°C, so the beach season here lasts from May-June to October.

The Balearic Islands have a subtropical Mediterranean climate. However, due to their position, the islands receive slightly more rainfall than the country's nearby continental coast. And summer temperatures here are somewhat lower - +26-28°C with daytime maximums around +30-32°C. The beach season in the Balearics begins in March, when the water temperature rises to +18°C, and ends in October.

On the islands of the Canary archipelago, the climate is close to the tropical trade wind. The proximity of the cold ocean current noticeably softens the summer heat inherent in this entire region, but it also evens out the overall temperature background - in summer on any of the islands of the archipelago, the average temperature ranges from +18°C to +21°C with maximums from +36°C to +38°C, in winter the thermometer does not drop below +12°C with maximums up to +24°C. However, the hot Harmattan wind blowing from the African coast can sharply increase the air temperature at any time of the year, but the summer trade winds almost completely neutralize its influence during this period. The water temperature is even more constant - +20-23°C all year round.

There is little precipitation - from 250 to 400 mm per year, with Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and the southern regions of Gran Canaria and Tenerife being quite dry (no more than 200 mm per year), and the northwestern regions (especially the mountainous ones) are much wetter. Local rains are very heavy, but short-lived. They are often accompanied by powerful thunderstorms.

Geography

Spain occupies the majority (85%) of the Iberian Peninsula. It is fenced off from its northeastern neighbor - France - by the Pyrenees; in addition, it has land borders with Portugal, Andorra, the English colony of Gibraltar and Morocco. In the east and south it is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, in the north and west - by the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay). Spain includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic and Pitius Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The cities of Ceuta and Melilla in Morocco are under Spanish control.

Spain is second in area (505.9 thousand km2) and mountainous ( average height above sea level - 600 m) European country, population - 39.7 million people.

Spain, after Switzerland, is considered the highest mountainous country in Europe. Plateaus and mountains make up about 90% of its territory. Almost half of the country's surface is occupied by the largest high plateau in Europe, the Meseta (in Spanish - “table”), its average height is 660 m. The Meseta is a huge, monotonous, dry, flat expanse with very hot summers and cold winters. Local residents say about their land this way: “We have three months of cold and nine months of hell.”

The most powerful mountain system Spain - the Pyrenees - consists of several parallel ridges stretching from west to east for 450 km and separating the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe. This is one of the most inaccessible mountainous countries in Europe, but also one of the most picturesque. The Pyrenees are especially diverse and beautiful in the central part, where glacial landforms, alpine lakes and snowfields are found. The main peak of the Pyrenees is Aneto peak (3404 m).

Spanish Pyrenees - large area international tourism with excellent conditions for mountaineering, skiing, cycling, alpine skiing.

The entire southeast of the Iberian Peninsula is occupied by the Cordillera Betica, which is a system of mountain ranges and ridges. Highest mountain range- Sierra Nevada is second only to the Alps in height in Europe. Here is located highest peak Iberian Peninsula - Mount Mulacin (3478 m).

Valleys, basins and lowlands occupy only 11% of Spain's territory. The largest plain is the Andalusian plain, through which the Guadalquivir River flows. In the northeast of the country, in the valley of the Ebro River, lies the Aragonese Plain. Lowlands stretch in a narrow strip along the Mediterranean coast.

Approximately 60% of Spain is arid, making water one of the most important issues in the country. Spain's hydro resources are distributed extremely unevenly: in the northern and northwestern regions there is an abundance of water, while in the Mediterranean and central regions there is a huge shortage of water.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

Diversity climatic conditions- from humid in the north to arid in the south - causes the heterogeneity of the flora and vegetation of Spain. In the north there are similarities with Central Europe, and in the south - with Africa. Traces of forest vegetation in Murcia, La Mancha and Granada indicate that in the past a significant part of Spain was afforested, but now forests and woodlands occupy only 30% of the country's area, with only 5% being full-fledged closed tree stands.

Evergreen oak forests grow in the north-west of the country. Mountain forests contain more deciduous oak species, along with beech, ash, birch and chestnut, which is typical of Central Europe. In the interior of Spain, small tracts of dry evergreen forests with a predominance of oak (Quercus rotundifolia, Q. petraea), interspersed with pine forests and bushes. In the driest areas of New Castile, the Aragonese plateau and Murcia, fragments of semi-deserts (usually on salt marshes) are found.

In those areas of southern Spain where there is more rainfall, especially along the coast, typical Mediterranean shrub-herbaceous communities of the garrigue and tomillara type are present. Garrigue is characterized by the participation of local species of gorse and cornflowers, while tomillara is characterized by the presence of aromatic Lamiaceae (shrub species of thyme, rosemary, etc.), as well as cistus. A special variety of garrigue consists of scattered thickets of the dwarf fan palm (Chamaerops humilis), very characteristic of Andalusia, as well as communities dominated by tall alpha grass, or esparto (Macrochloa tenacissima), a hardy xerophyte that produces strong fiber.

Animal world

Central European and African connections are evident in Spain's fauna. Among European species, two varieties of brown bear (the large Asturian and smaller, black, found in the Pyrenees), lynx, wolf, fox, and forest cat deserve mention. There are deer, hares, squirrels and moles. In Spain and North Africa Imperial Eagle is found, and the blue magpie, found on the Iberian Peninsula, has also been found in East Asia. On both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar there are genets, Egyptian mongooses and one species of chameleon.

Spain is also home to many species of reptiles: lizards, snakes, chameleons, and in the semi-deserts in the southeast of the country there are tarantulas and scorpions. A lot of fish are found in the estuaries and in the Atlantic, mainly sardines, lesser herring, cod, anchovies and various types shellfish The Mediterranean Sea is home to tuna, salmon, anchovies, crayfish and lobsters.

Attractions

• Metropol Parasol in Seville
• Abbey of Sacromonte
• Alcazar
• Arena Las Ventas
• Auditorio de Tenerife
• Gothic Quarter

Banks and currency

The monetary unit of Spain is the euro. A euro is equal to 100 cents. In circulation are banknotes in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 euros, as well as coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents.

Banks are open from 9.00 to 14.00, on Saturday - from 9.00 to 12.00, Sunday - closed. On the main streets of Madrid, banks are open 24 hours a day.

You can exchange money at exchange offices, hotels and travel agencies, but best course traditionally offered in banks that change without commission, or from hotel guide. Sometimes they charge a commission, but this is always indicated by a sign on the exchange office.

With international credit cards you can get money at any time of the day at ATMs located at almost all bank branches. In most hotels and restaurants, as well as in many shopping centers accepted for payment credit cards and traveler's checks from the world's leading payment systems. Some small stores may refuse to accept card payments for purchases of less than 3 euros. You should definitely carry identification documents with you; they are often asked to present them when paying by card.

When purchasing for an amount over 90 euros and exporting the purchased item from the country, it is possible to refund part of the VAT (usually 10%).

Useful information for tourists

If you are asked to stay for breakfast, do not accept this invitation: it is a mere formality. If they repeat it, refuse again. Only after the third time can you accept the invitation, since it will be sincere and not just a gesture of politeness.

Oddly enough, in Spain it is not customary to arrive at the exact appointed time; you must certainly be 15-20 minutes late.

You should never make visits during the afternoon rest hours - siesta. At this time, all institutions and shops are closed. On the train, be sure to invite your neighbors to have a snack with you. They will refuse, just as you should in such a case.

Madrid is the modern capital of Spain, a dynamic city. Lovers of historical treasures will find amazing royal palaces and residences in Madrid, squares where the main historical events and holidays took place, and churches.

Madrid – European Capital of Culture, a visit to the Prado Museum is a must on the program of any educated visitor to the city. As well, however, as a visit to the main Retiro park. Besides famous monuments, streets, squares and squares of Madrid are filled with original and unusual sculptural compositions of a modern style.

Sights of Madrid Photos

Spain and its capital Madrid are associated with the words:

• Bullfighting – the sounds of the “paso doble”, the elongated figure of a bullfighter like a slender figurine and the last throw of the bull – the moment of truth.
• Flamenco - guitar rhythm, screaming singing, a frantic burst of heel shots and palm strikes.
• Lorca. His poems embodied the essence of the Spanish character.
• Fiesta is a holiday.
• Siesta is an afternoon rest.
• Real Madrid is a football club.

Direct tickets from Moscow to Madrid

departure date	Return date	Airline	Find a ticket

Puerta del Sol – central square Madrid

Puerta del Sol– the central square of Madrid is elliptical in shape. Madrid is the center of Spain. Therefore, this is where the zero kilometer of Spain is located. All roads in the country lead from here. The square is decorated with two monuments: the monument to Charles III and the bronze sculpture “Little Bear and the Strawberry Tree”. Residents here love to make appointments. The oldest post office building (1761) is located in Puerta del Sol. It is decorated with a clock. Madrid residents love to celebrate the New Year here!

Plaza Mayor also claims to be the main city square. Buildings with balconies, located in the form of a quadrangle, enclose the square in their arms, and through arches in the buildings are its nine gates. In the center of the square there is a bronze equestrian sculpture of the Spanish King Philip III on a granite pedestal. Plaza Mayor is the commercial and cultural center of Madrid. Restaurants, bars, cafes, numerous souvenir shops, street artists and musicians entertain tourists in the capital.

Ancient Egyptian Temple of Debod built over 2200 years ago. It was given to Spain by Egypt for its assistance in saving the Abu Simbel Temple. It is located in a beautiful park in Madrid near Plaza de España (entrance to the Temple is free). From here you have an excellent view of the panoramas of Madrid, the Royal Palace, and the Casa de Campo park.

Royal Palace– main symbol city ​​and the most beautiful landmark of Madrid. Here is the Royal Arsenal and a collection of medieval weapons. The magnificent façade of the palace, 130 meters long, with 240 balconies and 870 windows, soars to a height of 33 meters. The amazing architecture, rich interior decoration of the 30 rooms and halls of the palace, its 44 staircases will surprise tourists on excursions, which are held daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (except for days of official ceremonies).

The Royal Palace in Madrid is a must-see landmark in Spain! The Royal Palace in Madrid is the residence of the kings of Spain. It is worth noting that the King of Spain, Juan Carlos I, visits it only on the days of official ceremonies, and does not permanently live in these royal apartments. In the palace, tourists can expect luxurious interiors, magnificent crystal chandeliers, collections of weapons and porcelain, Flemish tapestries and a unique collection of Stradivarius violins. Local guides will tell you about the famous “secrets of the Madrid Palace”.

Fountain of Cibeles - Madrid, Spain

Cibeles Fountain- the second symbol of Madrid, flaunting on the square of the same name. The center of the composition is the image of the goddess of fertility of the earth, Cibeles, riding on a chariot, carried by two lions. The fountain was designed in 1777 under King Charles III by sculptor V. Rodriguez. Today it is surrounded by majestic buildings: the Palacio de Buenavista, the Palacio de Linares, the Palace of Communications - the main Post Office and the Bank of Spain.

Prado Museum in the Spanish capital it is the pride of the country. Some tourists believe that the Prado Museum is the fashion house of the famous Italian brand clothes. It's time to explain that the Prado Museum in Madrid is a collection of the best paintings of the late Renaissance and modern times. The Prado Museum in Madrid is a museum of “Great Names”. World-famous works by Albrecht Durer, Rubens, Diego Velazquez, El Greco, Goya, Titian, Hieronymus Bosch, Raphael and other masters of painting are exhibited here. 7,600 paintings, 8,000 drawings and thousands of sculptures make up the collection of the Prado Museum. The word "prado" is translated from Spanish as "meadow". In the 19th century, the place where the museum is located today was not located in the city center, but on its outskirts. On Sunday, admission to the Prado Museum is free.

Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum is another landmark of Spanish Madrid and an art gallery. This rich collection was collected by the German baron Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza (a major industrialist). The patron bought masterpieces from American collectors during the Great Depression and returned them to Europe. This collection ended up in Spain thanks to Carmen Cervera (the baron's wife).
The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum has a unique collection of paintings by painters of the Dutch, English and German schools, and Italian primitivists. There are also works by Rembrandt, Kazimir Malevich, Pablo Picasso, Durer and Titian.

Reina Sofia Museum– one of the modern museums in the world. Here are collections of modern paintings and works by famous artists Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Juan Gris. The most famous painting is “Guernica” by Pablo Picasso, 1937.

CIrculo de Bellas Artes– original building and cultural center. Its squares host exhibitions, theatrical performances and concerts. But its main attraction is the huge roof terrace, which offers a magnificent panoramic view of Madrid.

Madrid landmark - Retiro Park

The main park of Madrid is the Retiro Park. This well-kept park spreads over an area of ​​12 hectares. Sculptural compositions, ponds and landscape design of the park - leave for a long time unforgettable experience. Here you can relax, ride a boat, lie on the lawn, watch puppet shows and listen to music. Of particular interest in the Retiro Park is Crystal Palace. This iconic building (Pavilion - Greenhouse) was built at the end of the 19th century for the World Exhibition. Here is one of the three fountains of the park - Fallen Angel fountain. The park is decorated with a majestic structure - King Alphonse memorialXII. The high stele-pedestal, which is crowned with an equestrian sculpture of King Alfonso XII, seems to float above the beautiful colonnade, which frames the monument at the back like an amphitheater, and the lake in front of it.

Falling Skyscrapers (Gateway of Europe) appeared in Plaza de Castilla in 1996. The glazed twin towers are 115 meters high, tilted vertically at an angle of 15 degrees to each other - the third symbol of Madrid.

San Miguel Market- the most famous common food market Madrid. Now it is a gigantic market-restaurant of exclusive delicacies and tapas bars, consisting of 33 shops, as well as favorite place meeting of the Spaniards. It is also open at night.

La Latino- the oldest district of Madrid. During the day you can wander the narrow streets, admiring the architectural heritage of the past, and at night there is a wide selection of bars and tablaos. The most famous club-bar in the area is Cardomomo, where you can enjoy the Flamenco Show and taste national cuisine.

High quality professional Flamenco Show is a fusion of fiery flamenco, soulful national Spanish vocals, guitar rhythm, heartbeats, heels and palms with modern plasticity.

• This is a dance. It came from the gypsies. Dance professionals will lead you into their mysterious world of emotional, passionate and unbridled art of looking! True flamenco is when the fantastic rhythm merges with the magnificent grace of the dancer, and the magical power emanating from him brings the audience to a state of nirvana. The dance combines the tenderness of a girl and the brutal rock of a woman, and everything is subordinated to one thing - the conquest of a man!
• This is singing. This is a melody of naked feeling! At the beginning there is a drawn-out and seething singing, which is saturated with pain, passion and feelings of the singer, and then the singer himself becomes a melody of delight.
• This is a guitar: chaotic, virtuoso in the hands of a maestro, bewitching in Spanish!

Madrid - the capital of Spanish Fashion.
Madrid is famous for its popular shopping areas: Barrio de Salamanca, Mercado de Fuencarral, Chueca.
Barcelona also has shopping areas: Las Ramblas, Paseo de Gracia, Plaza de Cataluna, Avenida Diagonal.
These two metropolises in Spain are among the top three absolute leaders in boutique shopping in Europe in terms of the concentration of retail outlets in large commercial centers and leading world trends, as well as in terms of safety and the presence of convenient public transport links nearby.

Madrid Warner Park in June 2014, it expanded and added another highlight to its entertainment mosaic - Warner Beach. Warner Beach is the sixth themed area of ​​Warner Park. This is a unique new attraction - the Water Park. The park beach is located inside an already existing large park and takes tourists into the “ water procedures", which help you survive the hot Spanish summer with the help of tunnels, slides, and themed children's pools with animated characters. The operating hours of this recreation area (unlike the other five year-round ones) are seasonal: from the beginning of June to the end of September.

Cost of living in Madrid

Bloodless Bullfighting for tourists in Spain

Spain has the Alhambra, Goya, flamenco, Montserrat, but the main thing is bullfighting. Spanish bullfight is a deeply national and at the same time promoted throughout the world “brand”.

A small and fragile, but endowed with intelligence, a man fights with the uncontrollable force of nature. Even in a bloody bullfight, a person did not always emerge victorious, because back in the 19th century, every 25th fight ended in the death of the matador, since the bull had remarkable physical strength on its side.

In the 21st century, bloody bullfighting is banned: humane treatment of animals has prevailed. The first ban on this bullfight was announced in 1991. Canary Islands. In 2008, television broadcasts of bullfights were stopped. On June 28, 2010, the Catalan Parliament also decided to ban it.

Today, the Catalans are showing the public an old tradition in a new way: humane bullfighting, where the bull is not killed. It can be viewed, for example, in Catalonia, in Alpha de Carles estate.

"Good" bullfight is a beautiful show where humans and animals delight the audience. In the arena, as before, the main irritant is the red cloak of the matador. The bullfighter contrasts the animal with his agility, agility, flexibility, intelligence and desire to win! The highlight of the show is the gracefulness of dodging the bull! The modern matador, like the ancient Greek Theseus, jumps over the animal, holding on to its horns like handrails. It's very spectacular! But watch out, bullfighter: the bull does not give up! It’s not for nothing that they say that bulls are very stubborn, but this is the “trick” of the fight! That's why it's impressive!

Alcala in Spain

If you come on holiday to Spain, do not forget to visit the outskirts of Madrid - small town Alcala.

Alcala is the birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes— the creator of a character who fights windmills. Be sure to take a tour of the university, named after the creator of Don Quixote, and the house-museum of Miguel de Cervantes, where he completed the first part of the world-famous novel Don Quixote in 1603-1606. On the second floor, in the office of the Spanish writer, a copy of the first edition of his book is carefully kept.

The Comedy Theater of Alcala is the oldest operating theater in the world, more than 400 years old. The Cervantes-era theater preserves its shrine - an ancient stone floor covered with a modern glass floor, as well as a secret box room for important people.

Monument "Don Quixote and his faithful squire Sancho Panzo"- a meeting place for lovers on a bench and an entourage for excellent photographs of travelers from all over the world from beautiful Spain!