Tourism in Crimea: are there prospects for development? Crimea is moving away from beach dependence to a unique tourism product Crimea on the international tourism market

SIMFEROPOL, February 19 - RIA Novosti. Crimea is preparing to host the VI International Tourism Forum "Open Crimea", designed to identify priority points for growth and further development of the peninsula's tourism industry.

Checkpoint for Crimea

The forum will be held from February 20 to 21 as part of the “Tourism Week in Crimea” and will start for the first time in Simferopol with the opening of a tourism exhibition.

"Crimea definitely needs two milestones, two checkpoints: before the start high season and before the start of the health season, that is, the autumn-winter season, which is more devoted to health improvement, cultural tourism, and gastronomy. The Open Crimea forum is designed to become a powerful and serious unifying professional platform. This will be a good start, followed by a good season,” Vadim Volchenko, Minister of Resorts and Tourism of Crimea, told reporters.

On the first day, leading Russian experts will discuss measures to legalize tourist accommodation and reduce the cost of air travel. For the first time there will be a presentation of the new tourist route “Wine Road of Crimea” and the republic’s event calendar.

The second day of the forum will expand its geography. An additional site will open in Yalta. It will be dedicated to government support of tourism. Meanwhile, in the Crimean capital, at the “Beach World” strategic session, methodological recommendations for users of beach areas will be presented and issues of preparing beaches for the upcoming holiday season will be considered.

Questions with a federal accent

Minister Volchenko said that the forum will raise a number of key issues in which the peninsula is counting on federal assistance.

“There are a number of purely Crimean issues and problems. These are the cleanliness of beaches, the cleanliness of resort towns and villages, issues of internal transport logistics, the development of embankments and park areas, the accessibility of display objects. This is something that we are already seriously working on. But there are a number of issues at the federal level that go beyond the Crimea. Firstly, the cost of domestic air travel is quite high and for tourist destinations it is difficult to compete with other tourist destinations if it is quite expensive to get to us. Secondly, there are issues of soft legalization of hotels. so that it would be interesting for business to work not in the shadows, but, as they say, to work in the light - to pay taxes, live in peace and see how tax revenues are spent,” Volchenko said.

It is expected that the forum will be attended by the heads of four leading tour operators in Russia.

“We hope that we will be able to consolidate the hotel, sanatorium and resort business, because tour operators are interested in the year-round occupancy of Crimea. One of the main points is pricing in the direction of its reduction,” the minister emphasized.

Red carpet for the tourist Oscars

At the end of the forum, the annual “Recognition of the Year” event will take place.

“We will reward the winners. This event is our Crimean tourism Oscar. There will be a red carpet. More than 2 million rubles were spent on gifts for the winners through partnerships and sponsorships,” Alexey, head of the Crimean parliament’s committee on health resorts and tourism, told reporters Chernyak.

The favorites of the peninsula's tourism industry for the past year will be named in 16 categories: "best sanatorium", "best children's health resort", "best health institution", "best hotel complex", "best small accommodation facility", "best tourist enterprise", " best beach", "best doctor in the sanatorium-resort sector", "best mid-level medical worker in the sanatorium-resort sector", "best reception worker", "best maid", "best cook", "best waiter", "best tour guide" ", "the best employee of local governments of municipalities in the Republic of Crimea in the field of resorts and tourism" and "special nomination".

In addition, as part of the "Tourism Week in Crimea" study tours will be organized for the subjects tourism industry and trade union organizations of Russian regions.

Grishin Igor Yurievich
Timirgaleeva Rena Rinatovna, doctor of sciences, professor, professor
Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, Institute of Pedagogical Education and Management
Shostak Marina Anatolevna, Senior Lecturer
Crimean Federal University named after. IN AND. Vernadsky

SUSTAINABLE INFLUENCE OF TOURISTS
TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST SERVICES

The tourism industry of Crimea is one of the most attractive in the region and country. Currently, the main goal is to develop measures to develop tourism services in the region and ensure a sustainable influx of tourists.

Formation of a policy for managing organizational changes in an organization, taking into account the influence of the behavior of its internal resources
Informatization of the process of formation and development of organizational culture of network organizations: influencing factors
The function of the organization in ensuring the effective operation of enterprises in the tourism and recreational sector
Efficiency of management of the logistics system of tourism services
Interregional connections and mechanisms of interaction in tourism development

Over the past few years, many publications have appeared in the scientific literature, which present the results of both comprehensive studies of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Crimea, and individual aspects of the development of the tourism sector in this region. We also conducted a number of studies in this direction, which made it possible to formulate a number of scientifically based recommendations regarding the development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Crimea. Thus, among other works, we will highlight, first of all, works that propose to implement a solution to the problem using economic and mathematical modeling.

Thus, in the work, the authors propose original material that reveals the issues of methodology for modeling and managing the sustainable development of management systems for enterprises in the resort and recreational sector based on elements of the theory of neural networks, and provides approaches to their adaptive management. The work reveals issues of methodology for modeling and structuring the management system of enterprises in the resort and recreational sector based on elements of the theory of neural networks. The authors focus on the need to take into account environmental factors at the mega-, macro- and meso-levels, on the internal state of the controlled system, and the accuracy of control actions performed by the control system.

The proposed methodology makes it possible to improve the quality of management of enterprises of the resort and recreational complex due to a more flexible response to changes in the parameters of the internal and external environment. As for the research presented in the work, undoubtedly, such an instrument as public-private partnership will allow, on the basis of an institutional and organizational alliance of government and private business, to successfully implement socially significant projects for the development of the tourism industry in Crimea. Among others, we also highlight the research results presented in the work, which provides a generalized model of the dynamics of total income of the tourist and recreational complex, the implementation of which is also aimed at the development of the tourism industry.

The authors pay special attention to the issues of introducing into practice management of the development of the tourism industry through the introduction of innovative and logistics technologies into the activities of both individual economic entities in the region and the industry as a whole. Thus, the work analyzes the essence of interactive relationship management in the Internet economic system of the tourist and recreational region of the Republic of Crimea and gives practical recommendations to eliminate existing problems. The work reveals the issues of substantiating the meaning and importance of CRM systems, as well as the possibilities and conditions for their use at enterprises of the sanatorium and resort sector, taking into account the identified characteristic features and capabilities. General issues logistics are presented in great detail and evidence in the work, the use of the basic concepts of which will be timely and useful, because It is logistics that makes it possible to implement the concept of optimizing the activities of a business entity, incl. and the tourism industry. When developing a strategy for their development, enterprises in the industry should pay special attention to issues of informatization, as well as program-target planning of these processes.

In the context of the ongoing research, we also highlight the work, which presents an in-depth analysis of the infrastructural components of the hospitality and tourism industry of the Republic of Crimea and proposes scientific and methodological foundations for the modernization of currently ineffective facilities. This paper explores the possibilities of increasing operational efficiency hotel enterprises based on the introduction of a number of modern tools and mechanisms, including techniques for revenue management, segmentation, forecasting, and working with distribution channels; mechanisms are proposed for improving the transport and logistics component of the tourism and recreational sector of the Republic of Crimea based on the creation of a regional management company based on public-private partnership; the concept of sustainable development of the tourism and recreational potential of Crimea is presented.

In addition, it is important to manage the costs of business entities in the tourism industry, for which a generalized model of the dynamics of total income of the tourism and recreational complex can be proposed.

It should be noted that scientific developments significantly contribute to increasing the efficiency of development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Crimea. However, in view of the dynamically changing economic environment, as well as based on a study of the results of the functioning of the tourism sector of the peninsula, we consider it necessary to conduct additional research and analysis of the main problematic issues in this sector of the peninsula’s economy.

The tourism industry of Crimea is one of the most attractive in the region and country; therefore, currently the main goal of the country should be to develop measures for the development of tourism services in the region and ensure a sustainable influx of tourists to the Republic of Crimea.

To ensure a comfortable stay in the Republic of Crimea, the development of transport infrastructure is required to ensure the transportation of passengers both intercity routes, when traveling to a vacation spot, and on vacation, directly on the peninsula. The analysis showed that most tourism infrastructure Crimea does not meet modern requirements and needs urgent modernization.

Until the completion of the construction of the Port Kavkaz-Port Crimea bridge, which is strategically important for the tourism industry of the Republic of Crimea, which is expected in 2018, travelers get to Crimea by air. It is necessary to take into account limited opportunities airport "Simferopol", the need to improve its infrastructure and capacity, as well as the development of the necessary aircraft fleet. It is also possible to move by rail(in the vast majority of cases, bypassing the territory of Ukraine, spending about 45 hours on the road and using a ferry crossing). Another mode of transport is motor transport via the ferry crossing, where the waiting time for the ferry reached up to 38 hours in August 2014.

In addition to these problems, there are problems of internal transport of the Republic of Crimea, which requires development, expansion of the vehicle fleet and an increase in the number of flights during the holiday season and holidays, improvement of the condition of the road surface, development water transport as a regular service (at present, water and sea transport is used almost exclusively as an expensive excursion transport); expanding the use of helicopter transport, construction of funiculars. And this is just a summary of the problems of infrastructural support for the tourism industry.

The next problem is the need to develop various types of tourism that can be attractive to tourists of a certain category and focus: hiking, sea cruises, beach holiday, educational excursion trips to historical and cultural centers Crimea (starting from the sites of primitive man, Roman and medieval fortresses, monuments of the Crimean Tatar Khanate to cultural and historical monuments of the 18th-20th centuries), etc.

The priority types of recreation and tourism in the Republic of Crimea include: sanatorium-resort treatment; mass summer rest; excursion tourism; ecological tourism; active species mountain tourism; active types of water tourism; congress and business tourism; cruise tourism; festival and event tourism; ethnographic tourism; rural tourism; specialized types of tourism.

The development of eco-tourism in the region deserves special attention. The formation and implementation of ecological tourist destinations meets the strategic directions of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, trends in the transition to the principles of a “green economy”, and rational use of natural resources. An important problem is the issue of sustainable development of tourist destinations, the lack of eco-tourism culture, i.e. development of tourism without negative impact on nature and local ethnicity. This problem is of particular relevance today, when the issue of developing domestic tourism and increasing the anthropogenic load on the most popular domestic tourist destinations, primarily the Crimean Peninsula, is very acute.

Despite the fact that new ecological routes and trails exist and are periodically developed in Crimea, the issues of effective functioning, maintaining a high level of customer focus and competitiveness remain insufficiently studied.

Thus, it is necessary to develop a unified concept for the creation and implementation of green routes, including the following set of measures:

development of a network of green routes on the territory of natural reserves with the presence of basic and accompanying infrastructure that meets the principles of the “green economy”;
promoting the development of cooperation between tourism business entities and specialized public organizations in organizing environmental tours and expeditions;
implementation of a monitoring system to ensure the quality and environmental friendliness of tourist, recreational and hotel services in the destination;
creation of a network of tourist information centers on the territory of natural reserves to perform the functions of environmental education.

The creation and implementation of the concept of green routes with all the required infrastructure, mechanisms for improving the activities of tourist destinations will strengthen the domestic tourism market in Crimea, ensuring its sustainable development and a high level of quality of services provided.

Authors studying the problems of development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Crimea rightfully pay special attention to the implementation of its innovative potential through clustering, which involves the formation and development of tourist and recreational clusters, which can be successfully implemented on the basis of a dynamic model of the concept of innovation. This process should begin with an assessment of the innovative potential of both the entire region and individual subjects of the tourism industry. At the same time, we note that it is not enough to just solve the issues of forming a strategy for the development of the tourism industry; it is necessary to create an effective system of control over the quality of services provided to tourists, especially in their places of accommodation.

To summarize, we note that Crimea is an extremely important region, connected with the Russian Federation by common history and culture. Among the economic sectors implemented on the peninsula, tourism is one of the most promising and highly profitable. The Republic of Crimea is, without exaggeration, a unique region with the richest tourist and recreational resources and enormous potential for development. Two years of experience have shown that promising development of a tourist destination is possible even in the conditions of an international information war and the creation of an unfavorable image for the resort, provided that conditions for recreation of the highest level are created in the region. The development of Crimea is happening very rapidly: transport arteries, infrastructure, electricity and water supply to the region, and legislation are being improved. By taking into account the strengths of the destination and the thoughtful development of existing tourist and recreational resources, it is possible to achieve serious results. However, it is important to improve the local tourism product and, with increased demand, reach an international level of quality. Today, most countries in the world are striving to develop tourism, attracting vacationers and, accordingly, impressive financial flows. Crimea is a new region for our country, a rapidly developing region, burdened with a number of problems, but at the same time capable of large-scale development and already representing enormous tourist interest. All the problems of the Crimean peninsula are not unique; there is positive international experience, which also needs to be implemented, adapted to the realities Russian Federation.

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The annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation poses new challenges for the country in developing the tourism industry. In this regard, two major events in the field of tourism attract attention: the First All-Russian exhibition and sale of resort and tourism services of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Moscow, May 14–16) and the Moscow International Travel Fair “MITF-2014” (Moscow, 15 –May 17). The first event is held with the support of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation and is entirely dedicated to organizing tourism on the peninsula. The second is a major annual Russian tourism exhibition, at which a consolidated stand will be presented “ Black Sea coast Russia" with best offers Crimea and Krasnodar region.

A large delegation of tour operators, representatives of hotels and sanatoriums of the peninsula, headed by the Minister of Resorts and Tourism of the Republic of Crimea Elena Yurchenko, came to Moscow for the opening of a specialized exhibition dedicated to Crimea. The organizers say that in September this year the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation plans to hold a large-scale presentation of investment projects in Crimea, which, together with the already opened exhibition, will give a powerful impetus to the development of the region.

In conditions of sluggish growth of the world economy, tourism is becoming increasingly important, which has a complex effect on the socio-economic development of the corresponding region. The problem of internal development tourist destinations becomes especially obvious in the context of the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the need to ensure the demand for tourism infrastructure remaining after Olympic Games in Sochi.

The main task at the moment is the integration of Crimea into the Russian tourism system currently being built. The Crimean authorities must coordinate their work with the Ministry of Culture and the Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation, other departments and integrate into the Federal Program “Development of Culture and Tourism until 2020”. It is important, in close cooperation with the Ministry of Culture, to develop new tourist routes across Crimea, include some of the already existing routes in all-Russian programs, or outline all-Russian routes that would include Crimea. For example, Sevastopol fits perfectly into the route “Cities - Forges of Victory” prepared by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to analyze all documents and concepts for tourism development developed and adopted in Russia in order to integrate Crimea into all-Russian programs.

An important task is the development of tourism infrastructure in Crimea. It is noteworthy that during a “direct line” with the population on April 17 of this year, V.V. Putin noted that according to Russian sanitary and epidemiological standards, Crimean sanatoriums cannot even be used for living. And according to the Minister of Resorts and Tourism of Crimea, Elena Yurchenko, it is necessary to spend about $500 million on the revival of the tourism infrastructure of the peninsula. This amount is estimated to restore 163 objects of the sanatorium-resort complex, which were nationalized. Most of of them (about 60%) belonged to the ministries of health and defense of Ukraine and are in a dilapidated state. On average, the restoration of each such facility will require $5–6 million. According to Elena Yurchenko, the basic direction in Crimea remains sanatorium and resort recreation. On this moment There are 825 tourist accommodation bases on the peninsula, but only two dozen hotels are “no worse than Turkish or Egyptian” ones, where the all-inclusive system operates.

The annexation of Crimea poses new and difficult challenges for the Russian tourism industry. It was assumed that after the Olympics in Sochi, the center of developed tourism, an exemplary tourist cluster in Russia, will be this city, and it will be possible to switch to it that part of the tourist flow that previously went on vacation abroad. However, after the annexation of Crimea, Russia received another potential center for domestic tourism, which requires significant financial injections. At the same time, given the geopolitical, cultural, historical significance of the peninsula for Russia, as well as the circumstances in which it was annexed to the Russian Federation, one can hope that Crimea will attract the attention of Russian investors and tourists. This is undoubtedly an extremely promising direction for the development of domestic tourism. Crimea should become an important tourism cluster.

The growth of patriotic sentiments in Russian society, due to the successful holding of the Olympic Games and the annexation of Crimea, is a real opportunity to draw the attention of Russians to domestic tourism and recreation “at home”, which is necessary to fill the tourist capacities that appeared thanks to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, and to compensate for lost Crimea accounted for 62% of the tourist flow from tourists from Ukraine.

Many Russian tourists who want to visit Crimea are already spoiled by holidays in Turkey, Egypt, Croatia, Bulgaria and other countries popular with Russians mass tourism. It is likely that, in the wake of nostalgic and patriotic sentiments, the first people who will want to go to Crimea are middle-aged and older people in need of sanatorium treatment. However, given the fact that the infrastructure of Crimea cannot yet provide a high level of service for people who have experience holidaying abroad, the “first wave” of tourists may remain the “first wave”, followed by a decline in interest in holidays in Crimea. To prevent this from happening, significant efforts are needed to improve the level of service on the peninsula. Another opportunity for the development of tourism in Crimea at the present stage is the organization of recreation programs for an audience less tied to comfort: for youth, student recreation, archaeological expeditions, children's hiking tourism, etc.

Cluster planning carried out by the Russian authorities in the field of tourism development is a serious bid for a great tourism future of the Russian Federation and, accordingly, great financial results. However, there is an inconsistency between the aspirations of business and the state. For example, the Ministry of Culture is doing a lot to make a “leap forward” in the field of tourism development, but at the work level travel companies no progress is being seen. Travel companies do not have the potential to develop large projects that are thematically complete excursion programs, affecting the historical depths of the country's development. In particular, the school for training guides was destroyed. The development of domestic tourism lags far behind that of outbound tourism.

The Russian authorities in Crimea will have to solve other problems. Before the annexation of Crimea, holidays on the peninsula were 15–20% cheaper than at the resorts of the Russian Krasnodar Territory. However, after the annexation, prices in Crimea will increase. The rise in prices is due to many factors: expected significant infrastructure investments, food and water shortages, the transition to the Russian ruble, and, to a large extent, inflated market expectations. An important problem for the development of tourism on the peninsula is transport. Before joining Russia, 67% of holidaymakers arrived there by rail.

Despite the above development difficulties tourist complex Russia in general and Crimea in particular, in the long term we can talk about the existence of all the prerequisites for the successful development of tourism in the Russian Federation.

I would like to hope that the annexation of Crimea will spur the development of domestic tourism in Russia, that our country will cease to occupy one of the lowest places in the priority ratings for the development of the tourism industry, and that the authorities and society will see tourism as a promising source of socio-economic development.

In many developed and developing countries, the tourism sector makes a significant contribution to the formation of gross domestic product (GDP), provides employment and has a positive impact on the foreign trade balance. The tourism sector of the economy is important because it essentially runs on renewable resources. According to the World tourist organization UN “on average, to obtain income equivalent to that given by one foreign tourist, it is necessary to export approximately 9 tons of coal or 15 tons of oil, or 2 tons of high-grade wheat to the world market. At the same time, the sale of raw materials depletes the country’s natural resources.” Compared to other sectors of the economy, tourism has the greatest multiplier effect, directly or indirectly influencing 32 sectors of the economy, creating every 9th job in global production.

Ten largest countries by cost

for international tourism (2011–2012)

	Expenditure on international tourism in billions of US dollars	Market share in %	Population in million people	Cost per capita in US dollars
				Cost per capita in US dollars

Germany

Great Britain
Russia



Australia

The tourism industry generates direct income. However, at the same time, spending on it permeates other sectors of the economy, promoting not only direct but also indirect employment. Tourism stimulates the development of small and medium-sized businesses, the development of handicraft and handicraft industries, agriculture, contributes to the expansion of the market for consumer goods and services, and spurs the development of regions that in other conditions could not count on the creation of a different trade and industrial base.

The emphasis of economic policy on infrastructure projects and stimulating domestic demand allows not only to mitigate the consequences of the global economic crisis, but also to raise a sense of pride in the country and patriotism in society - people’s awareness of the fact that spending money in their country and at the same time getting to know it is a patriotic act .

The development of domestic tourism is of particular relevance for countries where there are well-established traditions of spending holidays abroad (the Russian Federation is one of these countries). In conditions of economic recession, switching tourist flows going abroad to domestic destinations. A significant part of the total flow of tourists is looking abroad for those services and experiences that, under certain conditions, can easily be obtained in their own countries. It is the work on the development of domestic tourism in such areas that can stimulate economic growth, create new jobs, and partially prevent the export of capital, which occurs, among other things, as a result of tourists traveling abroad.

According to the UN World Tourism Organization, in 2012, Russian tourists spent $42.8 billion abroad, ranking fifth in terms of total funds spent and seventh in terms of per capita spending ($302). These are large funds that could remain within the country, contributing to its good and prosperity. There is hope that in the context of tightening Western sanctions and a general surge in patriotic sentiment in Russian society, the tourism sector will become an important area of economic life in the Russian Federation and, first of all, its integral part – Crimea.

The entry of Crimea into Russia, it seemed, should immediately solve many problems that existed on the peninsula at that time. The main problem was the further development and formation of the region. It was also clear here that, perhaps, the most promising direction for the development of Crimea is tourism. Another thing is what tourism should be like, who will go to Crimea and why? What services can be realistically provided to vacationers and what services cannot be provided.

The fact is that from the very collapse of the USSR until the reunification of Crimea and Russia, there was a “shadowing” of the tourism economy. The private sector, which cannot be controlled by the state, took first place, remaining free from accounting not only by tax structures, but also in terms of coordinating the services provided.

The sanatorium-resort aspect of Crimean tourism was mercilessly squeezed out beach tourism unorganized. The decline of tourism without investment and any government support continued until the spring of 2014.

Almost immediately after the reunification of Crimea with Russia, the situation began to change in a different direction: today 80% of tourists stay in hotels and sanatoriums, and only 20% in private houses. This has not happened for a long time in the history of the Crimean peninsula, and this is due to the fact that sanatorium and resort institutions have concluded agreements on sending vacationers with state and corporate institutions of the Russian Federation. This step is only the beginning of the implementation of a targeted policy for the development of Crimea, the foundations of which are set out in the Strategy for the Development of Crimea until 2020.

It is known that the socio-economic indicators of Crimea upon joining the Russian Federation did not reach the Russian average. Unfortunately, with all Russia’s desire to change the situation on the peninsula for the better, there are certain limiting factors. The main one is the instability of the socio-political situation in the border areas of Ukraine and Crimea. Therefore, there are certain risks for the development of international cooperation, weakening of international and foreign economic relations. The region is also insufficiently supplied with vital resources, sources of water, energy, food, as well as the lack of good road and rail connections with mainland Russia.

It is clear that now these problems are being solved first. Transport accessibility Crimea is changing due to an increase in the number of flights to Simferopol, government subsidies for paying for tickets from distant regions of the country.

So, for example, people flying on vacation from Yakutsk now spend about 12, or even 15 hours, taking into account the transfer in Moscow. In the summer, direct flights will be organized, which will be dated by the state, as a result average price a ticket from Yakutsk will be 8.5 thousand rubles, and the flight time will be reduced to 8 hours. The number of Russian major cities from which direct flights to Crimea will fly will increase.

It is worth noting that all problems must be solved comprehensively. Thus, in the transport complex all funds are now concentrated on the construction and reconstruction of the crossing Kerch Strait, airports and highways. They are the ones who provide the connection with settlements and industrial facilities of the peninsula. And this is already producing results. By Crimean peninsula You can already travel quickly and relatively inexpensively. The roads have been put in order, and this work continues successfully.

In the engineering complex, funding will be directed to measures to ensure water supply, sewerage, bank protection and heat supply, as well as ensuring the management of solid household waste. The development of the social sphere involves the implementation of measures for the construction and reconstruction of healthcare and education facilities.

One more, very important aspect. Before Crimea joined Russia, the peninsula received vacationers from Ukraine. This was a deliberate policy of the authorities, who did not burden themselves with unnecessary expenses and attracting investments into dilapidated and outdated infrastructure.

Accordingly, the entire service of the peninsula was extremely low and unprofitable. There were no foreign tourists there either. All this makes itself felt even now. So, when you go to have a snack of local dumplings, you can see flies flying above them. In response to your indignation, you may hear the familiar Ukrainian: “Let it be so.” By the way, the service personnel in hotels and cafes are still Ukrainian. The low level of service and lack of conditions repelled all hypothetical tourists from vacationing in Crimea.

Although today tourists from Russia have already filled vacancies in hotels, in 2013 they were 26% of the total number of vacationers, but in 2014 they became 93%. In 2015, the figure increased to 95% and is approaching 100%.

As the composition of vacationers changes, their priorities also change. If for Ukrainians the main and main criterion was the price, then for wealthy tourists from Russia, perhaps, the level of service and service will be an important argument for a holiday in Crimea. The reality is that Russians, having vacationed in Turkey and Egypt for many years, have become accustomed to the world level of service. They are ready to pay high price for the tour and get a higher quality and professionally designed product.

There is also a problem that tourists from Russia will not be satisfied with even very cheap services of poor quality. The faster tourism enterprises and private firms catch this trend, the more successful a niche they will be able to occupy.

Today, the range and quality of services provided in Crimea lags significantly behind the world level. This reduces the competitiveness of the region in the international tourism market.

The main problem for the peninsula is the seasonality of tourism. For hotels and similar institutions, the season is only three months, and for medical and health centers five months. Only less than 40% have year-round activities. There is also an imbalance in the distribution of healthcare facilities in Yalta and Evpatoria. All this points to an unfavorable environment in the health sector. Changing this situation may just solve the issue of seasonality in Crimea.

There is also such a direction of tourism in Crimea as extreme travel and tent tourism. On the territory of Crimea there are about 38 campsites, which are essentially tent cities. They have a minimal set of amenities, which budget European tourists are also not prepared for.

There is another problem in Russian Crimea - the labor force. Most tourism-related businesses cannot support all year round service staff. Previously, Ukrainian seasonal workers were invited to work in Crimea during their holidays. Now political difficulties have practically closed this opportunity for them.

Today in Russia there is a specific Tourism Development Strategy for the period until 2020. Its main provisions are:

Increasing the independence of the Federal Tourism Agency; You can note the emphasis on the marketing component. It is also necessary to strengthen the presence of Russian travel companies in the international market. The state wants to provide large tourism business, working for the domestic market, maximum support, for example, in the form of a more loyal tax policy;

Closer interaction between the ministries of culture, education and foreign affairs through the unification of representatives of these departments into the interministerial committee on tourism. Within this structure, it is proposed to create working groups capable of solving emerging difficulties as effectively as possible;

Close interaction with business and the entrepreneurial environment through the creation of the Tourism Sector Association. This structure, in a bilateral discussion between representatives of the Federal Agency for Tourism and major entrepreneurs in the field of tourism on an annual basis, will be able to coordinate each other’s activities, making proposals and sharing opinions;

Place an emphasis on continuous research of the market, tourism trends and recent developments. For this purpose, a large research organization must be created - the Institute of Tourism Research on the basis of the Federal Office of Tourism, which will supply government agencies with the most current information.

The development of eco-tourism in the region deserves special attention. It is necessary to develop a unified concept for the creation and implementation of green routes, including a certain set of measures:

Development of a network of green routes on the territory of natural reserves with the presence of basic and accompanying infrastructure that meets the principles of the “green economy”.

Promoting the development of cooperation between tourism business entities and specialized public organizations in organizing environmental tours and expeditions.

Implementation of a monitoring system to ensure the quality and environmental friendliness of tourism, recreational and hotel services.

Creation of a network of tourist information centers on the territory of natural reserve facilities to perform the functions of environmental education.

It should also be noted that the problems of tourism development in Crimea are not unique and difficult to overcome. There is a wide international experience that needs to be studied and implemented, adapting it to local realities.

Crimea is comparable to the area of Belgium, and natural resources immeasurably richer. The permanent population of Belgium is 5 times larger. We have not heard any particular complaints about environmental, transport and social problems from the Belgians.
Crimea can, according to scientists, receive 20 million vacationers a year with an average vacation duration of 15 days. But right now it cannot accept even 7 million with an average rest period of 7-10 days. The question is different - while there is no concept for the development of the entire Crimea for 2020-2030, ideas and proposals, there is no point in discussing the master plans of Simferopol, Yalta, Sevastopol and other cities.

It is clear that in the 2019 season, with the commissioning of the Kerch transport crossing (bridge plus tunnel) and the Tavrida federal highway, the traffic load will increase by 5-10 times. And Simferopol is already suffocating in traffic jams.

So far, a diagram of the main decisions for discussion

Port of Salgir in the center of the Arabat Spit, this is the closest point for connecting the railways and highways of Crimea with the waterways of the Russian Federation, including Moscow, and with Federal highway Don.

Cellular development scheme transport system Crimea. Developed by Igor Rusanov based on projects from the turn of the 1970s-80s of the KrymNIIproekt Institute, the All-Union Scientific Program RESORT and his own scientific research from the 1980s to 2015.

Azov Gate of Crimea - Salgir Port and New seaside resort Salgirsky in the center of the Arabat Spit, Nizhnegorsky district. Railway along the Salgir River: Port Salgir, Nizhnegorsky, Oktyabrskoye.
Decentralization of economy, culture and tourism. Unloading Simferopol, backup of the capital Gvardeiskoye. Development of local clusters of small and medium-sized businesses along several ancient cultural corridors.

Cartographic materials for pre-design studies and feasibility studies (feasibility studies) passenger traffic and transportation of auto tourists to Crimea, we discuss, share useful links.
Gallery LOGISTICS. Ferry line across the Sea of Azov: Rostov region - Crimea

Some structural solutions for year-round operation of Crimean resorts .
1. In sanatoriums and rest homes with treatment, part of the buildings should be repurposed as boarding houses for veterans. Permanent residence of elderly people as in nursing homes, but with qualitatively better household and cultural conditions, a developed spa treatment base, parks and sports facilities, and opportunities to receive relatives.
Veterans' boarding houses can range from charitable to elite.

2. Sports boarding schools and Olympic bases of Crimea in common system The Russian Federation can combine constant workload with holding training camps, competitions, festivals, master classes and other events during the holidays.

3. Sanatorium boarding schools, children's centers (kindergarten-school), lyceums of various profiles from artistic to scientific and technical, as well as sports centers, can combine a permanent and rotating contingent of children.

4. Holiday villages, towns for freelancers and shift workers near coastal airfields that are not currently in use. Something developing the lifestyle of Soviet academic towns and the American Silicon Valley. Not just summer cottages or cottages, but an extensive infrastructure for conferences, sports, and recreation.

5. In-depth development for all Crimean resorts according to the general principle " sea - mountains - city": creation of centers active tourism, which in summer season will serve vacationers, and from autumn to spring the local urban population.