Tourism and recreation in Buryatia. Prospects for the development of tourism business in the Republic of Buryatia. Priority types of tourism in Buryatia

Republic of Buryatia - autonomous republic, subject Russian Federation, part of the Siberian Federal District, formed on May 30, 1923. The capital is Ulan-Ude. The area of the Republic of Buryatia is 351.3 thousand sq. km. The Republic from the north and west (along the waters of Lake Baikal) borders on the Irkutsk region, on far west At a relatively short distance lies the border with the Republic of Tyva, in the south there is the state border with Mongolia, in the east there is the border with the Trans-Baikal Territory.

Buryatia is located in the central part of Asia. This is an amazing and beautiful land, a country of mountains and steppes, deep rivers and numerous lakes, endless taiga and green valleys. It is located inland, far from the seas and oceans, and has a contrasting climate, combining cold winters and hot summers. The climate of Buryatia is beneficial due to the abundance of sunlight, dry air and little cloudiness.

The development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Buryatia is based on large recreational potential, one of the components of which is natural, historical and cultural tourism resources. The areas of distribution of the maximum and high potential of tourism resources occupy 45.6% of total area territory of the republic. At the same time, the largest resources are located within 14 administrative units(coastal zone of Lake Baikal - Barguzinsky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky, Severo-Baikalsky districts, Severobaykalsk; mountain and resort areas - Tunkinsky, Okinsky, Kurumkansky; historical and cultural areas - Ulan-Ude, Kyakhta, Mukhorshibirsky, Tarbagataysky, Ivolginsky , Khorinsky districts). Several main zones have developed in the Republic of Buryatia mass tourism and recreation, including: lakes Kotokel and Shchuchye; the coast of Lake Baikal in the Posolsky Sor sections, the section from the river delta. Selenga to the village. Zarechye Kabansky district, as well as from the village. Gremyachinsk, Pribaikalsky district to the Maksimikha tourist center in the Barguzinsky district; territories of state national parks"Zabaikalsky" and "Tunkinsky"; several territories in the North Baikal region (Khakusy Bay, Lake Frolikha, Davsha, Yarki Spit, Lake Slyudyanskoye). The territories of the Khamar-Daban mountain ranges (Lake Sobolinoye, Lake Tagley, Snezhnaya River), Eastern Sayan, Barguzinsky and Baikalsky ridges.

The tourism market of Buryatia is characterized by positive dynamics.

For the period 2006-2010. the total tourist flow increased by 2.8 times, the volume increased by 2.3 times paid services provided in the tourism sector. According to Expert RA, Buryatia rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010 in terms of tourism potential and occupies a leading position among the regions Far East and Transbaikalia in terms of growth rates of key indicators.

In 2010, the number of tourist arrivals amounted to 471.2 thousand people, which is 30.4% more than in 2009. The volume of paid services provided to tourists in 2010 amounted to 1302.3 million rubles. and increased by 21.8% compared to 2009.

The geography of inbound tourism is vast and covers 61 countries. The number of foreign citizens who visited the republic in 2010 was 22.2 thousand people. The share of countries in the Asia-Pacific region is 53.3%, Europe - 18.1%, USA - 4.4%.

According to statistical data, the number of tourist arrivals in the Republic of Buryatia for the 1st half of 2011 amounted to 225.4 thousand people, which is 16.1% more than in the same period last year, the volume of paid services provided to tourists was 533.4 million .rub., which is 24% more than in the 1st half of 2010.

There are 27 tour operators operating in the tourism market of Buryatia, 10 of which operate in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of China on visa-free group tours tourist trips, 39 travel agencies, 4 professional public organizations (Buryat regional organization Russian Union of Tourism Industry, Non-Profit Partnership Buryat Tourist Alliance, Baikal branch of the Russian Hotel Association, Buryat Association of Hoteliers). There are 411 collective accommodation facilities (CAF) for tourists in the republic with a total capacity of 13,198 beds. 2 hotels have a 4 star category. The structure of the KSR includes 100 hotels, 226 boarding houses, tourist centers and holiday homes, 11 sanatorium-resort institutions, 74 guest houses. In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were introduced, of which: 7 tourist centers, recreation centers, 3 hotels, the remaining 35 RACs are guest houses and mini-hotels of various capacities. Large objects: guest house "Syndbad" in the village. Ust-Barguzin, Barguzinsky district (50 places), tourist complex"Dalan" in the Eravninsky district (80 places), hotel "Princess Christina" in the village. Arshan, Tunkinsky district (96 places). 1/3 of the introduced accommodation facilities are mini-hotels in Ulan-Ude. In the first half of 2011, 11 mini-hotels with 198 beds were put into operation in Ulan-Ude.

Tourist destinations related to international tourism are gradually emerging on the territory of the republic. Such directions are the direction along the “Tea Route” (China, Mongolia, Russia), and along the Baikal-Khuvsgul route (Mongolia).

The greatest activity of the domestic and inbound tourism market is observed in the summer, which gives tourism in the Republic of Buryatia a pronounced seasonal character. Market activity outbound tourism is also subject to fluctuations, however, it is more stable.

In the first half of 2011, 11 mini-hotels with 198 beds were put into operation in Ulan-Ude. Tourist destinations related to international tourism are gradually emerging on the territory of the republic. Such directions are the direction along the “Tea Route” (China, Mongolia, Russia), and along the Baikal-Khuvsgul route (Mongolia). The greatest activity of the domestic and inbound tourism market is observed in the summer, which gives tourism in the Republic of Buryatia a pronounced seasonal character. The activity of the outbound tourism market is also subject to fluctuations, however, it is more stable.

Table 1 - Tourism statistics in the Republic of Buryatia

Indicators	Growth rate, %	Growth rate, %	Growth rate, %
Number of tourists served, people.
Domestic tourism
Inbound tourism
Outbound tourism
Volume of paid services provided to tourists, million rubles.
Number of employees, people

On local market The following main trends prevail:

- rapid increase in demand for accurate and complete tourist information. Tourists' need for information is extremely poorly satisfied by information sources in the tourism sector itself. More than 80% of tourists receive information from acquaintances, friends and relatives, 20% from funds mass media and tourism advertising;
- growing demand for comfortable tourist accommodation facilities.

The greatest demand among tourists is for comfortable tourist centers (recreation centers) - 26.8%; separate cottages - 22.6%; small and medium-sized hotels with a full range of services - 18.7%. A popular means of accommodation in active and camping tourism are tents (18.9%).

Sanatoriums are in slightly less demand - 15.7%, and comfortable large hotel complexes are in even less demand - 12.1%. The demand for the services of alternative rural tourism accommodation facilities is 9.9%, which is a market reaction to these offers, as well as a consequence of the lack of available places in the summer;

- stable demand for winter holidays. 69.9% of tourists have a positive attitude towards the possibility of winter tourism. This is facilitated by an increase in the number of vacations in winter. At the same time, the market for off-season and winter tourism in the republic is not developed, which is due to both the lack of winter accommodation facilities;
- quite high demand for family holiday. 29% of tourists prefer to vacation with children, 27.1% - with relatives. At the same time, the number of proposals for organizing family tourism is limited;
- growing demand for more diverse tourist programs, combined tours, as well as recreation, including various types of tourist activities.

Tourism infrastructure includes a set of heat and power facilities, gas supply, water supply, sewerage and waste disposal, telecommunications, and road infrastructure. A significant part of these infrastructure units relates to public infrastructure and is used for tourism purposes in parallel with other uses. At the same time, the tourism sector also creates its own internal special infrastructure, which includes access roads in the territories of tourism objects, as well as hiking trails and paths, autonomous sewerage and recycling systems, separate networks and energy facilities, telecommunications.

The public infrastructure in the republic includes a number of objects with different characteristics:

Heat and electricity supply, water supply, sewerage and recycling systems operate mainly in populated areas primarily in cities. The gas supply infrastructure is not yet developed. However, in tourism and recreation areas these systems are not developed or are absent altogether.

Telecommunication systems, including television and radio broadcasting, cover most regions of the republic; however, in tourism and recreation areas the signal is often insufficiently stable, which makes it impossible to use receiving devices. Satellite and radio communication systems are also underdeveloped.

The road network of the Republic of Buryatia has few paved roads. Basically, paved roads connect the city of Ulan-Ude with regional centers, as well as with the cities of Irkutsk and Kyakhta. At the same time, in certain areas (Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Eravninsky, Okinsky districts) there are sections of dirt roads, which worsens the traffic conditions for passenger vehicles and tourist buses. The road network is not developed, or there are few paved roads in tourism and recreation areas ( national park"Zabaikalsky", right bank of the river. Selenga near Lake Baikal. This circumstance, along with the underdevelopment of roadside services, is a serious obstacle to the development of automobile tourism and the delivery of tourists to vacation spots. Taking into account the fact that 53.3% of tourists use personal cars to travel to vacation spots, 40.4% of tourists use buses, underdevelopment road network and roadside service is a problem that requires quick resolution.

There is 1 airport in the Republic of Buryatia federal significance, but its reconstruction has not been carried out, there is no equipped checkpoint, which impedes the organization of international tourist air transportation. The activities of most regional airports have been suspended. There are not enough comfortable aircraft suitable for organizing air travel and transporting tourists on local routes; there are no tourist-class helicopters and small aircraft.

There are several railway lines in Buryatia, connecting it with the western and eastern regions of Russia, as well as with Mongolia. 21.9% of tourists use the services railway, mainly for travel to and from the republic. Internal rail transportation within its borders is poorly developed, but at the same time the demand for this type of transportation is quite high.

The development of public infrastructure in the Republic of Buryatia is carried out in accordance with sectoral federal and republican programs, and the needs of the tourism sector are not sufficiently taken into account. Investment support for the development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Buryatia is carried out through the mechanism of state support and market mechanisms, the influence of which on the tourism process is increasing. Provision from budgets is carried out through the financing of targeted programs for the development of tourism and resorts.

Tourism- a priority sector of the economy of Buryatia. Tourism assets allow the republic to be one of the most competitive regions of Russia. According to the Expert RA agency, Buryatia’s tourism potential is in the investment rating Russian regions rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010.

Buryatia attracts tourists from all over the world with Lake Baikal and other unique natural, historical and cultural attractions.

Statistics

In 2011, Buryatia received 586.5 thousand tourists from more than 60 countries and regions of Russia. The volume of paid services amounted to 114.2 million rubles. The number of employees in the tourism industry of Buryatia is 4.8 thousand people.

Over the nine months of 2013, the influx of tourists in Buryatia increased by 7.5% compared to the same period last year and amounted to 617 thousand people, of which 53.9% were in the Tunkinsky district.

The flow of tourists to Buryatia increases annually by an average of 10-20%. According to the forecasts of the government of Buryatia, in the coming years the republic will receive up to 1 million people per year.

The main countries from which tourists come to Buryatia

Priority types of tourism in Buryatia

Ski
Adventure
Religious

Regions of Buryatia

№	Municipal district of Buryatia	Administrative center
1	Barguzinsky district	Barguzin village
2	Bauntovsky district	Bagdarin village
3	Bichursky district	Bichura village
4	Dzhidinsky district	Petropavlovka village
5	Eravninsky district	Sosnovo-Ozerskoe village
6	Zaigraevsky district	Zaigraevo village
7	Zakamensky district	Zakamensk city
8	Ivolginsky district	village Ivolginsk
9	Kabansky district	village of Kabansk
10	Kizhinginsky district	Kizhinga village
11	Kurumkansky district	Kurumkan village
12	Kyakhtinsky district	Kyakhta city
13	Muisky district	Taksimo village
14	Mukhorshibirsky district	village of Mukhorshibir
15	Okinsky district	Orlik village
16	Pribaikalsky district	village Turuntaevo
17	Severo-Baikalsky district	Nizhneangarsk village
18	Selenginsky district	Gusinoozersk city
19	Tarbagatai district	Tarbagatai village
20	Tunkinsky district	village of Kyren
21	Khorinsky district	village of Khorinsk

Popular places

Arshan- balneological resort at the foot of the Eastern Sayans
Baikal- the oldest, deepest and cleanest lake on Earth, a shrine for the peoples living on its shores, a place of extraordinary beauty and powerful energy, an attractive tourist brand of Russia, an object world heritage UNESCO.
Goddess Yanzhima- patroness of fertility, bestows vitality on women
Burin Khan - sacred mountain, one of the most revered Buddhist shrines in Central Asia
Valley of Volcanoes in Gornaya Oka
Ivolginsky datsan- official center of Russian Buddhism
Ivolginskoe settlement- northern outpost of the Xiongnu Empire, largest archaeological site Transbaikalia
Kyakhta- an ancient merchant settlement, a city of millionaires, the tea capital of Russia, sandy Venice
Kyakhtinsky Museum of Local Lore- one of the oldest museums in Transbaikalia, a unique Xiongnu collection
Mamai is a cult place for winter extreme sports lovers
Sartul-Gegetui datsan- Beautiful Buddhist temple in the south of Buryatia
Svetlaya Polyana- an ecological and ethnographic park in Maksimikha, built in the form of a Cossack fort from the 17th century.
Transbaikal Old Believers(semeyskie) - original Old Russian culture, a masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity (UNESCO)
Tagley - mysterious lake in the remote mountain taiga, which has healing properties
Ulan-Ude- the heart of Russian Asia, the cultural center of Transbaikalia
Ushkany Islands- rookeries of the Baikal seal (nerpa)
Chivyrkuisky Bay- one of the most scenic spots on Baikal
Egituisky datsan- one of the most visited datsans in Buryatia

Protected areas

Resorts

Kuchiger
Umhei

Mineral springs

Agsurga
Akshanga
Bezymyansky
Goudzhekit (Sunny)
Gegetui
Dzelinda
Engorboy
Zhebkhekhensky Arshan
Zhoigan
Golden Key
Inzagatuy
Kotelnikovsky
Kotokelsky
Old keys
Halyuta
Khoito-Gol (Okinsky)

Monuments of culture and history

Baga-Zarya - the largest painting (petroglyphs) in Transbaikalia
Bayan-Under - Xiongnu fortress in the south of Buryatia
Dyrestuisky Kultuk - Xiongnu burial grounds in the south of Buryatia
Ivolginskoe settlement - the northern outpost of the Xiongnu Empire
Elm Pad - burial grounds of the Xiongnu nobility
Orgoyton - Xiongnu princely burial ground in the south of Buryatia
Varvarina Gora - Paleolithic site in the vicinity of Novaya Bryansk

Events

Sagaalgan: a national holiday, celebrating the New Year - the Year of the Snake according to the lunar calendar. The date is “floating”, calculated according to the lunar calendar, in 2013 it is celebrated on February 11 (a day off in the republic)
IX ice fishing tournament “Baikal Fishing-2013”. Barguzinsky district, Kholodyanka area. April 5 - 6, 2013
Instrumental Music Festival - April 24-27, 2013
Mountain festival "Munku-Sardyk": gathers annually in last days April at the foot mountain peak Munku-Sardyk, in the gorge of the Irkut River, mountain tourism lovers from all over the world. Okinsky district.
Night at the Museum - May 18, 2013
Musical summer: every Saturday on the propylaea of the Opera House, spectators can enjoy a concert under open air with the participation of the best folklore groups of the republic, as well as opera and pop artists
Interregional festival of original song and poetry “Songs of Bulat on Baikal”: a music and poetry festival on the shores of Lake Baikal, where bards from all over Russia gather and organize soulful concerts of original songs with a guitar. June 20-23, 2013
Festival of Cossack culture - takes place annually in July in different regions of Buryatia. In the summer of 2013 it will take place in the Barguzinsky district
Surkharban (Naadan): Buryat cultural and sports festival - national wrestling, horse racing, Buryat archery, games, performances of folklore groups, treats with Buryat cuisine. Ulan-Ude. July 7, 2013
V International Music Festival “Voice of Nomads. Baikal/Buryatia": world music festival. In 2013, teams from France, China, Bulgaria, Portugal, Finland and other countries are expected to participate. The star of the festival will be the Ukrainian group “Daha Brakha” and Port Mone. Ulan-Ude, Lake Baikal. July 9-13, 2013
Baikal Information Forum: representatives of the media, libraries, museums, providers and telecom operators from all over Russia, Mongolia and China will discuss current problems of the information society. Special participation of directors of Siberian libraries is planned federal district. Ulan-Ude, Lake Baikal. July 9-13, 2013
Festival “Night of Yokhora”: Buryat national theater song and dance "Baikal" annually organizes a festival of Buryat folk circular dance, uniting all participants and spectators with the energy of youth, the ancient pagan spirit of worship of the solar deity. Ulan-Ude. July 13, 14, 2013
International festival-competition of folklore of Old Believer artistic groups “Give up, korogod!”: presentation of folklore in an authentic folk manner, preserving the singing school of the Old Believers. Old Believer groups from regions of Russia and abroad will take part in the festival. Tarbagatai district. July 7-19, 2013
Baikal Day is celebrated in early September in Ulan-Ude.
Festival of Hunnic culture - takes place in early September on the banks of the Selenga, near the Ivolginsky settlement
Day ancient city- takes place on the day of the city of Ulan-Ude at the Ivolginsky settlement, at other sites
Book Salon 2013: book exhibition-fair. Ulan-Ude. September 26-28, 2013
International throat singing competition “Breath of the Earth”: masters of throat singing from Mongolia, China and Russian regions - Tyva, Gorny Altai and Khakassia will come to Buryatia. Ulan-Ude. November 14, 2013
International Ballet Festival named after Larisa Sakhyanova: soloists from Ulan-Ude, Moscow and St. Petersburg will perform on the stage of the Buryat Opera and Ballet Theater. Ulan-Ude. November 19-25, 2013
V Baikal Christmas Festival: festival of popular classical musical art. Ulan-Ude, Severobaykalsk. Opens December 25, 2013

Travel media

Tourist guides to Buryatia

Baikal: Buryatia, Irkutsk region. - France: Le Petit Fute, 1998
Khamaganova D. M. Baikal. - M.: Around the World, 2007
Khamaganova D. M. Baikal. All Buryatia. - M.: VIZA, 2009
Khamaganova D. M. Baikal: Buryatia, Irkutsk region. - M.: VIZA, 2010
Kochergin I. Baikal. - M.: Ajax-Press, 2010
Eroshenko L. Tourism and recreation in Buryatia. - Irkutsk: Time of Wandering, 2011
Baikal. Traveling around the Baikal region. - Irkutsk: Garant, 2012

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Notes

Types of Buryatia

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Mystery Tsam-2.JPG

Mystery Tsam

Budazhap Tsyretorov.JPG

Buryat shaman Budazhap Shiretorov

Boy at a shamanic ritual.jpg

At a shamanic ritual

Holy Trinity Selenga Monastery (walls).jpg

Holy Trinity Selenga Monastery

Russian Ancient Orthodox Church (Tarbagatai).JPG

Ancient Orthodox Church in Tarbagatai

Cranes in Jida.JPG

Cranes in the Dzhida Valley

In the Valley of Volcanoes.jpg

In the valley of volcanoes in the Okinsky region

Ulan-Ude Center.JPG

Center of Ulan-Ude

Opera and Ballet Theater in Ulan-Ude.jpg

Opera and Ballet Theater in Ulan-Ude

Fountain on Theater Square Ulan-Ude.JPG

Light and music fountain in Ulan-Ude

Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kyakhta.JPG

Church of the Resurrection in Kyakhta

Khoroy-Shuluun.jpg

Stone fortress Khoroi-Shuluun in the Marakta Valley

In the valley of volcanoes, mountain lake.jpg

Mountain Oka

Horse ride.jpg

Horseback riding in the Khoito-Gola mountains

Eagle dance

Tree near Bolshaya Eravna.jpg

On the shore of Bolshaya Eravna

Semeyskiy House in Novaya Bryanya.jpg

Semey family house in Novaya Bryani



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An excerpt characterizing Tourism in Buryatia

The countess, with a coldness that her son had never seen, answered him that he was of age, that Prince Andrei was marrying without his father’s consent, and that he could do the same, but that she would never recognize this intriguer as her daughter.
Exploded by the word intriguer, Nikolai, raising his voice, told his mother that he never thought that she would force him to sell his feelings, and that if this was so, then this would be the last time he spoke... But he did not have time to say that decisive word, which, judging by the expression on his face, his mother was waiting in horror and which, perhaps, would forever remain a cruel memory between them. He did not have time to finish, because Natasha, with a pale and serious face, entered the room from the door where she had been eavesdropping.
- Nikolinka, you are talking nonsense, shut up, shut up! I’m telling you, shut up!.. – she almost shouted to drown out his voice.
“Mom, my dear, this is not at all because... my poor darling,” she turned to the mother, who, feeling on the verge of breaking, looked at her son with horror, but, due to stubbornness and enthusiasm for the struggle, did not want and could not give up.
“Nikolinka, I’ll explain it to you, you go away - you listen, my dear mother,” she said to her mother.
Her words were meaningless; but they achieved the result she was striving for.
The countess, sobbing heavily, hid her face in her daughter's chest, and Nikolai stood up, grabbed his head and left the room.
Natasha took up the matter of reconciliation and brought it to the point that Nikolai received a promise from his mother that Sonya would not be oppressed, and he himself made a promise that he would not do anything secretly from his parents.
With the firm intention, having settled his affairs in the regiment, to resign, come and marry Sonya, Nikolai, sad and serious, at odds with his family, but, as it seemed to him, passionately in love, left for the regiment in early January.
After Nikolai's departure, the Rostovs' house became sadder than ever. The Countess became ill from mental disorder.
Sonya was sad both from the separation from Nikolai and even more from the hostile tone with which the countess could not help but treat her. The Count was more than ever concerned about the bad state of affairs, which required some drastic measures. It was necessary to sell a Moscow house and a house near Moscow, and to sell the house it was necessary to go to Moscow. But the countess’s health forced her to postpone her departure from day to day.
Natasha, who had easily and even cheerfully endured the first time of separation from her fiancé, now became more excited and impatient every day. The thought that it is so, in vain, lost for no one best time, which she would have used to love him, tormented her relentlessly. His letters for the most part made her angry. It was insulting to her to think that while she lived only in the thought of him, he lived a real life, saw new places, new people that were interesting to him. The more entertaining his letters were, the more annoying she was. Her letters to him not only did not bring her any comfort, but seemed like a boring and false duty. She did not know how to write because she could not comprehend the possibility of truthfully expressing in writing even one thousandth part of what she was accustomed to express with her voice, smile and gaze. She wrote him classically monotonous, dry letters, to which she herself did not attribute any meaning and in which, according to Brouillons, the countess corrected her spelling errors.
The Countess's health was not improving; but it was no longer possible to postpone the trip to Moscow. It was necessary to make a dowry, it was necessary to sell the house, and, moreover, Prince Andrei was expected first in Moscow, where Prince Nikolai Andreich lived that winter, and Natasha was sure that he had already arrived.
The Countess remained in the village, and the Count, taking Sonya and Natasha with him, went to Moscow at the end of January.

Pierre, after the matchmaking of Prince Andrei and Natasha, without any obvious reason, suddenly felt the impossibility of continuing his previous life. No matter how firmly he was convinced of the truths revealed to him by his benefactor, no matter how joyful he was during that first period of fascination with the inner work of self-improvement, which he devoted himself to with such fervor, after the engagement of Prince Andrei to Natasha and after the death of Joseph Alekseevich, about which he received news almost at the same time - all the charm of this former life suddenly disappeared for him. Only one skeleton of life remained: his home with his brilliant wife, who now enjoyed the favors of one important person, acquaintance with all of St. Petersburg and service with boring formalities. And this former life suddenly presented itself to Pierre with unexpected abomination. He stopped writing his diary, avoided the company of his brothers, began to go to the club again, began to drink a lot again, again became close to single companies and began to lead such a life that Countess Elena Vasilievna considered it necessary to make a stern reprimand to him. Pierre, feeling that she was right, and in order not to compromise his wife, left for Moscow.
In Moscow, as soon as he entered his huge house with the withered and withering princesses, with the huge courtyards, as soon as he saw - having driven through the city - this Iverskaya chapel with countless candlelights in front of golden vestments, this Kremlin Square with untrodden snow, these cabbies and shacks of Sivtsev Vrazhka, he saw the old people of Moscow, nothing those who wanted and were slowly living out their lives, saw old women, Moscow ladies, Moscow balls and the Moscow English Club - he felt at home, in a quiet refuge. In Moscow he felt calm, warm, familiar and dirty, like wearing an old robe.
Moscow society, everything from old women to children, accepted Pierre as their long-awaited guest, whose place was always ready and not occupied. For Moscow society, Pierre was the sweetest, kindest, smartest, cheerful, generous eccentric, absent-minded and sincere, Russian, old-fashioned gentleman. His wallet was always empty, because it was open to everyone.
Benefit performances, bad paintings, statues, charitable societies, gypsies, schools, subscription dinners, revelries, Freemasons, churches, books - no one and nothing was refused, and if not for his two friends, who borrowed a lot of money from him and took him under their custody, he would give everything away. There was no lunch or evening at the club without him. As soon as he slumped back in his place on the sofa after two bottles of Margot, he was surrounded and conversations, arguments, and jokes ensued. Where they quarreled, he made peace with one of his kind smiles and, by the way, a joke. Masonic lodges were boring and lethargic without him.
When, after a single dinner, he, with a kind and sweet smile, surrendering to the requests of the cheerful company, got up to go with them, joyful, solemn cries were heard among the youth. At balls he danced if there was no gentleman available. Young ladies and young ladies loved him because, without courting anyone, he was equally kind to everyone, especially after dinner. “Il est charmant, il n"a pas de sehe,” [He is very cute, but has no gender], they said about him.
Pierre was that retired good-natured chamberlain living out his days in Moscow, of which there were hundreds.
How horrified he would have been if seven years ago, when he had just arrived from abroad, someone had told him that he didn’t need to look for anything or invent anything, that his path had been broken long ago, determined from eternity, and that, no matter how he turn around, he will be what everyone else in his position was. He couldn't believe it! Didn’t he want with all his soul to establish a republic in Russia, to be Napoleon himself, to be a philosopher, to be a tactician, to defeat Napoleon? Didn’t he see the opportunity and passionately desire to regenerate the vicious human race and bring himself to the highest degree of perfection? Didn't he establish schools and hospitals and set his peasants free?
And instead of all this, here he is, the rich husband of an unfaithful wife, a retired chamberlain who loves to eat, drink and easily scold the government when unbuttoned, a member of the Moscow English Club and everyone’s favorite member of Moscow society. For a long time he could not come to terms with the idea that he was the same retired Moscow chamberlain whose type he so deeply despised seven years ago.
Sometimes he consoled himself with thoughts that this was the only way he was leading this life; but then he was horrified by another thought, that so far, how many people had already entered, like him, with all their teeth and hair, into this life and into this club, and left without one tooth and hair.
In moments of pride, when he thought about his position, it seemed to him that he was completely different, special from those retired chamberlains whom he had despised before, that they were vulgar and stupid, happy and reassured by their position, “and even now I am still dissatisfied “I still want to do something for humanity,” he said to himself in moments of pride. “Or maybe all those comrades of mine, just like me, struggled, were looking for some new, their own path in life, and just like me, by the force of the situation, society, breed, that elemental force against which there is no a powerful man, they were brought to the same place as I,” he said to himself in moments of modesty, and after living in Moscow for some time, he no longer despised, but began to love, respect and pity, as well as himself, his comrades by fate .
Pierre was not, as before, in moments of despair, melancholy and disgust for life; but the same illness, which had previously expressed itself in sharp attacks, was driven inside and did not leave him for a moment. "For what? For what? What is going on in the world?” he asked himself in bewilderment several times a day, involuntarily beginning to ponder the meaning of the phenomena of life; but knowing from experience that there were no answers to these questions, he hastily tried to turn away from them, took up a book, or hurried to the club, or to Apollo Nikolaevich to chat about city gossip.
“Elena Vasilievna, who has never loved anything except her body and is one of the stupidest women in the world,” thought Pierre, “seems to people to be the height of intelligence and sophistication, and they bow before her. Napoleon Bonaparte was despised by everyone as long as he was great, and since he became a pathetic comedian, Emperor Franz has been trying to offer him his daughter as an illegitimate wife. The Spaniards send up prayers to God through the Catholic clergy in gratitude for the fact that they defeated the French on June 14th, and the French send up prayers through the same Catholic clergy that they defeated the Spaniards on June 14th. My brother Masons swear on blood that they are ready to sacrifice everything for their neighbor, and do not pay one ruble each for the collection of the poor and intrigue Astraeus against the Seekers of Manna, and are busy about the real Scottish carpet and about an act, the meaning of which is not known even to those who wrote it, and which no one needs. We all profess the Christian law of forgiveness of insults and love for one’s neighbor - the law, as a result of which we erected forty forty churches in Moscow, and yesterday we whipped a fleeing man, and the servant of the same law of love and forgiveness, the priest, allowed the cross to be kissed by a soldier before execution.” . So thought Pierre, and this whole, common, universally recognized lie, no matter how accustomed he was to it, as if it were something new, amazed him every time. “I understand these lies and confusion,” he thought, “but how can I tell them everything that I understand? I tried and always found that deep down in their souls they understand the same thing as me, but they just try not to see it. So it must be so! But for me, where should I go?” thought Pierre. He experienced the unfortunate ability of many, especially Russian people - the ability to see and believe in the possibility of good and truth, and to see too clearly the evil and lies of life in order to be able to take a serious part in it. Every area of labor in his eyes was associated with evil and deception. Whatever he tried to be, whatever he undertook, evil and lies repulsed him and blocked all paths of activity for him. Meanwhile, I had to live, I had to be busy. It was too scary to be under the yoke of these insoluble questions of life, and he gave himself up to his first hobbies just to forget them. He traveled to all sorts of societies, drank a lot, bought paintings and built, and most importantly read.
He read and read everything that came to hand, and read so that, having arrived home, when the footmen were still undressing him, he, having already taken a book, read - and from reading he passed on to sleep, and from sleep to chatting in the drawing rooms and club, from chatter to revelry and women, from revelry back to chatter, reading and wine. Drinking wine became more and more a physical and at the same time a moral need for him. Despite the fact that the doctors told him that, given his corruption, wine was dangerous for him, he drank a lot. He felt quite good only when, without noticing how, having poured several glasses of wine into his large mouth, he experienced a pleasant warmth in his body, tenderness for all his neighbors and the readiness of his mind to respond superficially to every thought, without delving into its essence. Only after drinking a bottle and two wines did he vaguely realize that the tangled, terrible knot of life that had terrified him before was not as terrible as he thought. With a noise in his head, chatting, listening to conversations or reading after lunch and dinner, he constantly saw this knot, from some side of it. But only under the influence of wine did he say to himself: “It’s nothing. I will unravel this - so I have an explanation ready. But now there’s no time—I’ll think about all this later!” But this never came afterwards.
On an empty stomach, in the morning, all the previous questions seemed just as insoluble and terrible, and Pierre hastily grabbed the book and rejoiced when someone came to him.
Sometimes Pierre recalled a story he had heard about how in war soldiers, being under cover fire and having nothing to do, diligently find something to do in order to make it easier to endure danger. And to Pierre all people seemed to be such soldiers fleeing from life: some by ambition, some by cards, some by writing laws, some by women, some by toys, some by horses, some by politics, some by hunting, some by wine, some by state affairs. “Nothing is insignificant or important, it’s all the same: just to escape from it as best I can!” thought Pierre. - “Just don’t see her, this terrible one.”

Sagaalgan: national holiday, New Year's Eve. The date is “floating”, calculated according to the lunar calendar.
IX ice fishing tournament “Baikal Fishing-2013”. Barguzinsky district, Kholodyanka area. April 5 - 6, 2013
Instrumental Music Festival - April 24-27, 2013
Mountain festival “Munku-Sardyk”: annually in the last days of April at the foot of the Munku-Sardyk mountain peak, in the gorge of the Irkut River, gathers mountain tourism lovers from all over the world. Okinsky district.
Night at the Museum - May 18, 2013
Musical summer: every Saturday on the propylaea of the Opera House, spectators can enjoy an open-air concert with the participation of the best folklore groups of the republic, as well as opera and pop artists
Interregional festival of original song and poetry “Songs of Bulat on Baikal”: a music and poetry festival on the shores of Lake Baikal, where bards from all over Russia gather and organize soulful concerts of original songs with a guitar. June 20-23, 2013
Festival of Cossack culture - takes place annually in July in different regions of Buryatia. In the summer of 2013 it will take place in the Barguzinsky district
Surkharban (Naadan): Buryat cultural and sports festival - national wrestling, horse racing, Buryat archery, games, performances of folklore groups, treats with Buryat cuisine. Ulan-Ude. July 7, 2013
V International Music Festival “Voice of Nomads. Baikal/Buryatia": world music festival. In 2013, teams from France, China, Bulgaria, Portugal, Finland and other countries are expected to participate. The star of the festival will be the Ukrainian group “Daha Brakha” and Port Mone. Ulan-Ude, Lake Baikal. July 9-13, 2013
Baikal Information Forum: representatives of the media, libraries, museums, providers and telecom operators from all over Russia, Mongolia and China will discuss current problems of the information society. Special participation of library directors of the Siberian Federal District is planned. Ulan-Ude, Lake Baikal. July 9-13, 2013
Festival “Night of Yokhora”: the Buryat national song and dance theater “Baikal” annually organizes a festival of Buryat folk circular dance, uniting all participants and spectators with the energy of youth, the ancient pagan spirit of worship of the solar deity. Ulan-Ude. July 13, 14, 2013
International festival-competition of folklore of Old Believer artistic groups “Give up, korogod!”: presentation of folklore in an authentic folk manner, preserving the singing school of the Old Believers. Old Believer groups from regions of Russia and abroad will take part in the festival. Tarbagatai district. July 7-19, 2013
Baikal Day is celebrated in early September in Ulan-Ude.
Festival of Hunnic culture - takes place in early September on the banks of the Selenga, near the Ivolginsky settlement
Ancient City Day - takes place on the day of the city of Ulan-Ude at the Ivolginsky settlement, at other sites
Book Salon 2013: book exhibition-fair. Ulan-Ude. September 26-28, 2013
International throat singing competition “Breath of the Earth”: masters of throat singing from Mongolia, China and Russian regions - Tyva, Gorny Altai and Khakassia will come to Buryatia. Ulan-Ude. November 14, 2013
International Ballet Festival named after Larisa Sakhyanova: soloists from Ulan-Ude, Moscow and St. Petersburg will perform on the stage of the Buryat Opera and Ballet Theater. Ulan-Ude. November 19-25, 2013
V Baikal Christmas Festival: festival of popular classical musical art. Ulan-Ude, Severobaykalsk. Opens December 25, 2013

Tourist infrastructure is a set of enterprises, institutions and establishments whose activities are aimed at meeting the needs of people involved in health or recreation, as well as communications and transport and tourist accommodation facilities that provide conditions for stable functioning. We consider it as an integral system, consisting of two subsystems: social and production, which are interconnected and interdependent with respect to the serving entity. In turn, infrastructure to a certain extent shapes tourist regions, contributes to tourism specialization and business profile, because thanks to the presence of infrastructural connections between individual objects, they determine the quality of service in a particular territory.

One of the main prerequisites for development various types tourism in the Republic of Belarus is the presence of Lake Baikal - unique phenomenon on the planet, which about 80% of respondents consider the main interest in the Republic of Buryatia.

Lake Baikal, which is of global value in terms of tourism development, is a prerequisite for organizing educational water tours. However, the specifics of wind, ice and wave regimes create certain restrictions in the recreational development of the lake. The lake is cleared of ice late - the southern part at the end of May, the northern part in the first half of June. In terms of storminess, Baikal ranks first in the world among lakes; the stormiest and most dangerous period in terms of waves is October-December ( maximum height waves 4-5 m). Navigation conditions are complicated by dense, persistent fogs, the maximum frequency of which occurs in July.

Lake Baikal currently stands out among other lakes in the world for its low recreational development of the coast and in this regard has great recreational value for the category of tourists interested in underdeveloped territories.

The territory of the Republic of Buryatia has certain natural prerequisites for organizing various types of mass recreation. The development of mass recreation and tourism is facilitated by the picturesque landscapes of the republic’s territory. The most picturesque landscapes prevail in the administrative regions adjacent to Lake Baikal - Severobaikalsky, Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Kabansky, as well as Zakamensky, Kurumkansky, Muysky, Okinsky, Tunkinsky and Khorinsky.

An important component of the tourism infrastructure is transport, convenient for transporting any categories of tourists, from single tourists to specially organized tourist and excursion trains for local and long-distance communications. Bus transportation is involved in the development of tourism and the formation of tourist passenger flows.

Bus transportation is carried out on the own buses of travel companies, as well as on rented buses from independent transport companies.

The Republic of Buryatia has modern means of transport and communications. The transport complex of the republic includes 6904 km bus routes, 1374 km of railways, 18 airports and 13920 km of local air lines, 56.6 km of tram lines; over 100 thousand passengers are transported through these communications every day.

Net highways of the republic is 14,097 km, including 6,297 km of public roads.

The population, organizations and enterprises of Buryatia have the opportunity to receive almost the entire range of modern telecommunications services from digital high-quality telephones to teleconferences. New types of communication are being developed and implemented - cellular radiotelephone and paging. There are six television channels operating in the republic. The Internet has developed.

In the Republic of Buryatia, 106 organizations are registered providing tourism services, as well as the sale of air and train tickets, of which only 11 provide tours and recreation on Lake Baikal, such as: LLC "VELL", LLC "Daki-Tour", LLC "Baikalkurort", LLC "Siberian Cedar", LLC "Ves Mir", LLC "Absolute Tour", LLC "Eastern Siberia", LLC "Belig-Ya", LLC "Akbes Tour", LLC "Zhasso-Tour", LLC "Sputnik - Buryatia".

IN last years takes an active part in receiving tourists private sector. Private guest houses located mainly along the coast of the lake. Baikal, in the Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Kabansky, Tunkinsky districts. In order to provide methodological assistance and create conditions for the development of rural tourism, Methodological recommendations on guest houses for local governments, individuals and legal entities providing temporary accommodation and accommodation services for tourists have been developed and approved.

The largest provider of sanatorium and health services is the sanatorium and resort institution of trade unions "Baikalkurort", which manages the sanatorium "Goryachinsk", the children's sanatorium and health camp "Baikalsky Bor", and the association of sanatoriums "Arshan".

There are many restaurants serving national Buryat cuisine on the territory of the Republic. In recent years, restaurants and cafeterias in large shopping centers. These catering establishments work with a permanent contingent located in tourist hotels, boarding houses, sanatoriums, with a variable contingent (city restaurants, cafeterias, etc.).

Tourist accommodation facilities occupy an important place in the provision of services. The main such establishments include hotels and similar establishments, commercial and social accommodation establishments and specialized accommodation establishments. In Ulan-Ude alone there are 144 hotels and similar establishments. Also on the territory of the republic, such resorts as “Arshan”, “Resort Goryachinsk”, Chivyrkuisky Bay, “Tour Base Kulkison” and others provide their services.

Various cruise tours have been organized on Lake Baikal for a long time:

on kayaks, kayaks along the Chivyrkuisky Bay with relaxation on the shore;

on boats of the "Yaroslavets" type: along central Baikal, along the islands of Baikal, along northern Baikal.

A themed cruise tour can be organized around Lake Baikal" National parks and nature reserves of Lake Baikal.

The duration of cruise tours offered by the Baikal Ecotour company is 10 days/9 nights. Form of participation: group - 8 people. Cruise tours start from the coast of Chivyrkuisky Bay, from Monakhovo.

Cruise tour of central Baikal. (June - September) Tour duration 10 days / 9 nights. Ulan-Ude, Maksimikha, cruise boat tour in the central part of Lake Baikal with stops, rest and overnight stays on the shore.

Cruise tour on kayaks and canoes along the Chivyrkuisky Bay of Lake Baikal (June - September). Duration of the tour is 10 days / 9 nights. Ulan-Ude, Maksimikha, water (cruise) tour along the Chivyrkuisky Bay on kayaks, kayaks

In Ulan-Ude, souvenir production has recently become widespread, based on the creation and popularization of artistic samples with a Buryat flavor.

Thus, we can conclude that infrastructure has developed widely in the region in recent years. The Republic of Buryatia is trying to keep up with the times and adequately respond to global development demand tourist infrastructure, which is evidenced by the opening of new hotels, restaurants and the laying of new tourist routes.

Tourism

A look at the economy of the Republic of Buryatia by industry

Current state tourism in the region

Tourism is one of the strategic directions of social economic development Republic of Buryatia. The processes taking place in it show that in the 21st century tourism should become one of the drivers of growth of the entire world economy. The domestic tourism industry is on the verge of a digital and technological revolution, to solve the problems of which it is necessary to restructure the entire management system and relations in tourism. Modern conditions for the development of the republic’s economy and the functioning of the tourism services market predetermine the need to revise the fundamental provisions of the strategy and tactics for the development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Buryatia.

Buryatia is one of the most attractive regions of Russia in terms of tourism. Currently, according to the Expert RA agency, in 2016, in the investment rating of Russian regions, Buryatia is in 15th place in terms of tourism potential. In the National Tourism Rating of the magazine "Holidays in Russia" together with the Center for Information Communications "Rating" in general, it is in 37th place in terms of the tourist attractiveness of the regions of the Russian Federation, and in 23rd place in terms of the number of foreign tourists.

In recent years, the Republic of Buryatia has seen a positive growth trend in the number of tourists, with an average annual growth rate of 5%. Steady positive dynamics are noted in the tourism market of Buryatia: for the first time in 2016, about 1 million tourists visited the republic, which is 7% higher than last year; the volume of paid services provided to tourists amounted to 2.5 billion rubles. At the same time, in 2016, Buryatia received 39 thousand foreign tourists, among whom a significant proportion were citizens of the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Germany and the USA. Among tourists - citizens of the Russian Federation, the bulk are residents of the Republic of Buryatia (61%) and the surrounding regions (27%).

According to information from the Committee for Economic Development and Tourism of the city of Ulan-Ude, the volume of paid services provided to tourists amounted to 712.8 million rubles. One tourist spends an average of 3.3 thousand rubles per day. (excluding food and purchases); the bulk of tourists stay in Ulan-Ude for a period of one to three days - 86%, 11% stay for a week.

The structure of tourism by purpose of travel indicates the predominantly recreational nature of visits: leisure, recreation and health tourism account for 58.5% of all tourist visits. A significant share (31.9%) is occupied by business tourism. And the main purpose of visiting Ulan-Ude is recreation, business, medical tourism, visiting friends and relatives, religious tourism and pilgrimage.

The share of tourism in the structure of the gross regional product of the Republic of Buryatia is 0.64%. Over the past five years, more than 700 million rubles have been invested in the construction of tourist facilities.

Tourism infrastructure. As of January 1, 2016, 51 licensed travel companies were registered in the Republic of Buryatia, 87% of which are concentrated in Ulan-Ude. On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia there are 327 collective tourist accommodation facilities, including 20 sanatorium and resort institutions, as well as 120 guest houses, 2,353 people are employed in the tourism sector.

The main types of tourism recreational resources Republic of Buryatia. Lake Baikal, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, is a leader in eco-tourism in the Russian Federation. 45.6% of the territory of the Republic of Buryatia belongs to areas of high recreational potential. A network of nature reserves and national parks has been developed.

Buryatia by the number of healing minerals and thermal springs and deposits of medicinal mud, which help restore and strengthen health, occupies a special place in Russia. Over 300 springs are known, located in almost every region of the republic, but they are often “wild”, have not been studied and do not have medical indications for the treatment of certain diseases. The main balneological resources of the republic are located in former health resorts of all-Union and regional significance - Zhemchug, Arshan, Goryachinsk, Nilova Pustyn.

The rich historical and cultural heritage of the region is embodied in numerous and unique cultural and architectural monuments, museum exhibitions, folklore, and everyday life local population. The culture of the peoples of Buryatia is a combination of the cultures of the peoples of Asia and Europe. One of the interesting areas of the culture of Buryatia is the culture of its indigenous population - the Buryats. A large layer of culture belongs to Buddhism and the Buddhist tradition brought to Buryatia from Tibet and Mongolia. Evenks are one of ancient peoples Buryatia, despite the strong influence of the cultures of neighboring peoples, managed to preserve its original culture. The culture of Russians in Buryatia has retained its traditional features thanks, first of all, to one of the most prominent groups of representatives of the Russian population - the Semeis (Old Believers). The culture of the Old Believers of Transbaikalia is recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of the intangible heritage of humanity. The art of the Transbaikal Cossacks is original.

The main negative factor that determines all trends in the development of the tourism industry in the Baikal region is the sharply continental climate, which ensures a pronounced seasonality of the tourist flow. Therefore, the main task remains to increase the duration of the tourist season in the region through the development of winter types of recreation (skiing, extreme, adventure, business tourism).

All factors hindering the development of the tourism industry can be combined into several main groups.

● Economic-geographical. This group of factors includes the remoteness of the Republic of Buryatia from the densely populated and economically more developed European part of Russia, from the Far Eastern ports, low population density and poor development of the territory, and the relatively low density of the road network.

● Natural and climatic. The harsh continental climate and long winters, rainy and relatively short summers determine the pronounced seasonality of the tourism business.

● Ecological. In recent years, anthropogenic pressure has been growing on a huge scale, and there is a real threat of irreversible loss of natural recreational resources, which, given the relatively low resistance of landscapes to recreational resources, necessitates limiting mass access of tourists to specially protected areas.

● Infrastructure. Limiting factors are low comfort of housing, poor development of the sector (in some places, complete absence) utilities and communications, lack of treatment facilities, small number of middle-class hotels. The quality of the road network and the comfort of transport services are still low. The unsatisfactory state of the infrastructure does not allow the recreational potential of the territory to be fully used, first of all, this applies to winter types of tourism. There is no sufficient medical infrastructure in recreation areas. There is no system for organizing, recording and controlling the movement of “independent” groups of tourists, which leads to frequent emergency incidents.

● Institutional. The development of tourism is hampered by the presence of administrative and bureaucratic barriers (lengthy paperwork, lack of information necessary for tourists, inconvenient work schedules of infrastructure and visa organizations, etc.), as well as unresolved organizational and legal issues, including issues of land allocation, low interest local authorities in the development of tourism business, outdated regulatory framework, poor security of tourists.

● Image. There is no brand for the Republic of Buryatia as a territory attractive to tourists. While regional tourism products are not yet being actively promoted to foreign markets, the stereotype of the territory as unsuitable for human life (harsh climate, poor criminal and environmental situation, low quality of service) prevails, which is also facilitated by the information policy of local media. In the information space, Lake Baikal is more “promoted” among Irkutsk residents.

● Low quality of service. The culture of hospitality in the republic is still low and the cost of services is high, which does not correspond to their quality (especially in comparison with international standards). This also includes the weak readiness of the local population to serve tourists, the opacity of the tourism business, the low culture of individual residents creates an unsatisfactory image of the Baikal region as a territory of hospitality, the lack of highly qualified personnel in the field of tourism and poor training. The staff of travel agencies and visa services is not sufficiently qualified; the low level of training is combined with a low culture of hospitality among some employees.

● Socio-economic. The low solvency of clients of tourism services directly reduces the size of the average bill and thereby limits the growth of profitability of tourism industry facilities.

● Organizational and managerial. The development of tourism industry facilities by the state and travel companies is still largely happening spontaneously, through scattered efforts of the state and market participants, with a number of exceptions ("Steppe Nomad", etc.), which further enhances the existing imbalances in the industry and the local economy. It should be noted that the positive development of tourism in the republic is possible only if the current approach to industry management is revised.

This Program is aimed at facilitating the formation in the Republic of Buryatia of a modern, highly efficient and competitive tourism complex, providing ample opportunities to meet the needs of Russian and foreign citizens for tourism services, through the development of an appropriate legal, organizational, economic and socio-cultural framework. The program is innovative in nature and is designed to identify directions for transforming tourism into a particularly significant, profitable sector of economic and social development in the Republic of Buryatia.

The implementation of the Program’s activities involves the development on its basis of a comprehensive target program, including a detailed study of the economic, technological and managerial aspects of activities provided by a combination of budgetary and extra-budgetary sources of financing with the predominant use of the latter.

Goals and objectives of tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia

The strategic goal of tourism development is to transform the tourism sector into a profitable sector of the economy of the Republic of Buryatia, which will create ample opportunities to meet the needs of Russian and foreign citizens for a variety of tourism services.

Achieving this goal requires solving a whole range of problems:

● creating favorable conditions for the development of tourism in the republic;

● formation of priority competitive tourism products;

● providing a marketing strategy for promoting the tourism product of the Republic of Buryatia in the domestic and international markets;

● development of information and communication technologies in the field of tourism;

● development of tourism infrastructure taking into account environmental restrictions in the Baikal region.

Prospects, main directions and stages of tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia

In the future, until 2022, it is necessary to increase the average tourist bill to 25 thousand rubles per person, which is a normal figure for tourist regions Russia. Considering the potential increase in the number of tourist arrivals in the republic to 2 million per year by 2022, the total amount of paid services should be approximately 50 billion rubles per year. This significant increase in the level of profitability of the tourism sector is determined by the following main factors:

● expansion of the incoming flow, first of all, international tourism, which is considered a priority due to the high solvent demand of foreign tourists for a variety of tourism and related services;

● increasing the number of paid services for tourists.

Generally. it is certainly impossible to separate the importance of entry and domestic tourism. However, in the coming years, such a division will have to be taken into account due to the following circumstances: the relatively low effective demand of the local population for tourism services (especially in comparison with foreign tourists), which does not allow for high profitability of the tourism sector; lack of financial resources of the territories for the qualitative improvement of all infrastructure facilities in the tourism sector.

Based on the challenges facing the industry, the highest priority in the Republic of Buryatia in the coming years are the following types of tourism:

○ environmental,

○ ethnocultural,

○ sports, including alpine skiing,

○ extreme,

○ medical and recreational

○ excursion

○ cruise

○ religious

○ business

The current state of infrastructure, the degree of readiness of the population to serve a variety of tourist flows, the unresolved issues with land allocation, the opacity of the tourism business in general, the unformed image of the Baikal region as a territory of hospitality, the state of personnel training for the tourism sector - this does not allow putting into operation all the territories at once, possessing tourism resources, and at the same time develop all forms of tourism. Therefore, the stages of tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia are highlighted, and the priority pilot territories within which objects and goals of control influence on them are determined by authorities, public organizations and business structures.

The main stages of tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia:

1. Launch of pilot projects (2017-2018).

Launch of major infrastructure projects that act as restrictions on the development of tourism in the republic and influence the formation of conditions for the development of all tourism in the region. These include:

● organizing a system for collecting and recycling all types of waste, including the construction of waste processing plants;

● construction of treatment facilities in the main tourist centers of the region;

● allocation of land in accordance with the procedure established by law for tourism and recreational purposes and development of plans for the improvement of the main tourist centers on the territory of the republic with a target orientation towards creating a unique tourism product;

● creation of the necessary material infrastructure in the main tourist centers and routes, including improvement of roads along the main tourist places, construction of comfortable toilets, campsites;

● development of a long-term Strategy for the development of tourism in the Republic of Belarus;

● creation of a single information base data, including both subjects of tourism activities, tourism objects, and the main events of tourism activities throughout the territory of Buryatia;

● separation of the tourism industry into a separate subject of government at the republican level.

Besides. it is necessary to ensure the start of key structure-forming projects in the field of tourism, which have the most favorable conditions for expanding tourist flows:

● construction of the 1st stage ski resort"Mamai" (lifts, basic infrastructure, access roads) taking into account international requirements for such facilities;

● construction of a congress hotel in the Turka SEZ with an increased level of comfort and big amount places (from 500 or more) for the development of business tourism;

● reconstruction of the medical building of the Sayany resort in the village of Arshan;

● construction of a medical building in the village of Zhemchug.

This stage also includes measures to smooth out seasonality, increase the length of stay of tourists in Buryatia, such as organizing events, festivals, stimulating year-round types of tourism (sports, recreational, business, extreme, religious, etc.).

The efforts of individual business structures to smooth out seasonality are local and limited in their results. It is more expedient to plan, organize and conduct events on a regional scale with the involvement of the leadership of the republic and the administrations of local governments. A special place is occupied by the development of action plans for the development of social tourism (sports, children's, school, youth, etc.) in order to smooth out seasonality and improve the social situation. In this regard, the organization on Lake Baikal of an international children's camp according to the type of camps "Artek" and "Ocean".

2. Extensive growth (2019-2020).

Involvement of new tourist sites and territories in the tourist turnover, creation of new routes covering the entire territory of the republic according to the network principle. The development of designated areas is carried out with the aim of obtaining increasing income from the tourism sector. Organization of a system of constant monitoring of the condition of tourist sites, strict state control of the quality of work of travel companies.

It should be understood that in the next three years there will be no noticeable qualitative improvement in all tourism infrastructure facilities associated with the identified priority forms of tourism, as well as a massive influx of foreign tourists. This will happen only after the creation of the necessary infrastructural and organizational foundations for a significant expansion of the flow of foreign tourists at the next stage, which implies:

● development of transport and production infrastructure;

● ensuring the strictest measures for the safe stay of foreign tourists on the territory of the republic;

● training of highly qualified guides and translators, hoteliers;

● promoting the image of the republic as attractive for recreation and tourism;

● development of a brand for the Republic of Buryatia as a tourist region (a system of graphic and conceptual identification of the republic as a tourist destination);

● promoting improvement of services for foreign tourists.

3. Intensive growth (2021-20..).

The transition to intensive development of the industry, with the reorganization of all territories of the republic for the needs of the development of the tourism industry, the organization of tourism as one of the leading sectors of the economy of Buryatia.

Top territorial priorities for tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia:

At the first stage, areas close to Lake Baikal were identified as priority Kabansky, Pribaikalsky and Barguzinsky districts, Tunkinsky district and Ulan-Ude.

Priority types of tourism in Kabansky district Cultural and educational all-season, adventure winter and recreational all-season are considered. This is due, firstly, to the formation of conditions for smoothing out seasonality, secondly, to the effective use of the introduced tourist and recreational resources to preserve existing tourist flows, thirdly, to the creation of infrastructural and organizational foundations for significant expanding the flow of foreign tourists in subsequent stages.

Ski resort "Mamai" is considered as the most promising development center in the entire Baikal region skiing, where it is possible to hold international sports competitions of the highest level and for all categories of vacationers, even extreme ones. Yes, the most long route will stretch for four kilometers, which meets the requirements of super-giant slalom, when a 2.5-3 kilometer long track must have a height difference of 500-600 meters. The maximum height difference on Mamaia is 900 meters, sometimes up to 1000 m. Planned construction site ski center attracts with its developed transport infrastructure. It is located 5 km from the Moscow-Vladivostok federal highway and 6 km from railway station Mamai of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The distance to Irkutsk is 194 km, to Ulan-Ude 220 km. To date, an access road (6 kilometers) from federal highway Moscow-Vladivostok to the planned construction site.

With the further development of the project, the possibility of summer operation of the resort facilities is being considered. This mountain tourism, rafting on mountain rivers, mountain biking, hang gliding and much more. Its location is near the coast of Baikal Island (Vydrino area), balneological resources in the village of Sukhaya (1-1.5 hours by car) and the Tunkinsky district (2-3 hours), as well as places of traditional summer holiday(Kultushnaya, Baikalsky Priboi) allows you to use the material resources of the resort and nearby recreation centers all year round, which significantly increases their profitability.

Development of recreational, incl. medical and health tourism in the territory adjacent to the coast of the lake. Baikal, due to the presence of explored balneological resources and certain infrastructure. Moreover, to overcome seasonality, the focus here should be on the development of health tourism. For this purpose, at the first stage, recreational all-season tourism is allocated as a priority form of tourism in the Tunkinsky district, which is due to the huge tourist potential of this area. In the future, the balneological resorts of the village of Sukhaya (Kabansky district), the Barguzin Valley with its rich recreational potential, the Kyakhtinsky district (Kiran) and other places are subject to development.

The villages of Gremyachinsk, Turka and Goryachinsk Pribaikalsky district have an advantageous transport and geographical position, allowing the formation of radial or circular tourist routes. These villages are considered as a direction that reduces the tourist load on south coast Lake Baikal, and as an intermediate link for organizing tours in the direction of the Barguzin Valley, Northern Baikal (Severobaikalsk, Chivyrkuisky Bay, Khakusy, Ushkany Islands, etc.), as well as water and snowmobile communications between Buryatia and Olkhon Island. In general, the village of Turka is a strategic nodal center (hub) for expanding the tourist circuit in several directions and along different types tourism throughout the northern part of the Baikal region.

Construction on the territory of a special economic zone is being considered as a pilot project for the development of business tourism on Baikal in the village of Turka congress hotel high-class with a number of 500 or more rooms, a wide range of services, restaurants focused on holding various kinds of international conferences and symposiums on Lake Baikal.

In the future, the presence of such a structure-forming object will serve as an impetus for the development of all-season types of tourism, including cultural and educational, recreational (mainly in the Barguzin Valley), religious tourism, which will be supplemented by year-round adventure and sports tours in the Northern Baikal region with an increasing focus on foreign tourists.

The expansion of tourist flows in the medium term is associated with the cooperation of the Republic of Buryatia with foreign countries, and above all, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. A positive point for the development of tourism is also the close location of Mongolia, which creates favorable conditions for organizing significant transit flows of third-country citizens from Mongolia to Buryatia and Russia in the forward and reverse direction through two checkpoints (Kyakhta and Mondy). In the future, the expansion of business ties in the field of tourism between the Republic of Buryatia and Mongolia will lead to compliance with uniform international service standards and the creation of conditions for the development of joint tours.

Subsequently, priority areas were identified Tarbagataisky, Mukhorshibirsky, Kyakhtinsky districts that are attractive natural conditions, convenient geographical location along the international transport corridor, transport accessibility, rich in cultural diversity, but with a low level of existing tourism infrastructure, which does not yet meet modern international standards for living conditions, comfort and service. On the territory of the Mukhorshibirsky district there are ancient burials, archaeological and ethnographic monuments and architectural structures. The Kyakhtinsky district has unique natural, balneological resources, cultural - historical heritage. In addition, the priority forms of tourism development here are cultural, educational and all-season adventure, which is due to the tourist potential of this territory. It is expected that infrastructure issues for the development of these territories will begin to be resolved at the second stage of development (2019-2020).

Particular attention should be paid to the use religious factor as an object of intensive tourist use. Taking into account that Buryatia is center for the development of Buddhism in Russia , with world-famous artifacts and unique technologies of Tibetan medicine and astrology, it is expected that it will be profitable to develop religious tourism. The main religious centers of Buddhism in Buryatia are located on the territory of Ulan-Ude, Ivolginsky, Barguzinsky and other regions, which creates the preconditions for the development of tourist centers there and the creation of appropriate regular tourist routes.

The development of historical and cultural tourism associated with the rich historical past of the region has enormous potential. It's about about the oldest and largest Hun settlement in the world in the suburbs of Ulan-Ude, historical places associated with Genghis Khan, his ancestors in Mukhorshibirsky and other regions of Buryatia. To use this potential, already at the 2nd stage it is necessary to begin creating the historical park “Hun settlement” and other ethno-historical places on the territory of the republic to expand the geography of tourist sites.

Strategically, tourist flows from Europe, China, Japan, which are a priority, as well as tourist flows from various regions of the Russian Federation are considered as target consumers of tourism services. Taking into account the current solvent demand of foreign tourists and their representativeness in the Russian market, the development of the service sector by 2020, it is assumed that by this period the conditions will have been formed for a radical expansion of the reception of foreign tourists.

However, at present, first of all, the flow of tourists from nearby Siberian regions, who are attracted by the relative accessibility of areas for summer holidays on Lake Baikal, as well as the opportunity to receive medical and health services, are considered as target consumers of tourism services. Next are tourist flows from other regions of the Russian Federation (primarily Moscow and St. Petersburg), which are distinguished by a noticeable share of tourists with a relatively high level of income.

● creation of a unified information base of all existing tourist sites on Lake Baikal, taking into account their compliance with the requirements of the current environmental and land legislation, as well as compliance with their plans for the development of tourism in Buryatia;

● construction of modern and modernization of existing hospitals in the locations of the main balneological resources of the republic, primarily in the villages. Zhemchug, Arshan, Goryachinsk, Nilova Pustyn;

● organization of a ski resort in the Mamai area of the Kabansky district;

● organizing all the necessary infrastructure for tourism development, primarily in the locations of territorial specialized tourist and recreational clusters;

● organization of active promotion tourism products under a single brand;

● organizing the training of necessary personnel for the tourism industry (guides with knowledge of foreign languages, hoteliers, etc.), etc.

The expected results will be: increased revenues to budgets of all levels; creation of more than 14 thousand new jobs as part of the implementation of the Tourism Development Program in the Republic of Buryatia until 2026; providing a sales market for goods and services of local producers.

The list of currently implemented and planned investment projects until 2022 includes:

1. Special economic zone of tourist and recreational type “Baikal Harbor”, covering six coastal territories of the Pribaikalsky and Kabansky districts - “Turka”, “Sands”, “Bychya Mountain”, “Bezymyannaya Bay”, “Goryachinsk”, “Mamai” area;

2. The tourist and recreational cluster “Podlemorye” is located in the Kabansky district, within the boundaries of the municipal enterprise “Sukhinskoye” (the villages of Enkhaluk, Sukhaya, Zarechye).

3. The Kyakhta autotourist cluster is located in the Kyakhta district, on the territory adjacent to the customs post of the Kyakhta international checkpoint, in close proximity to the border with Mongolia.

4. The “Baikalsky” autotourist cluster is located in the Ivolginsky district, 3 km south of Ulan-Ude at the transport junction of two federal highways.

5. The Tunkinskaya Valley autotourist cluster is located in the Tunkinsky district.

The development of a Tourism Development Strategy in the Republic of Buryatia requires expanding the list of pilot projects and their detailed elaboration, primarily taking into account their payback and multiplier effect.