Tourism and air transport. Abstract on TIOTD on the topic "the role and place of air transport in tourism" Air transport in tourism history of creation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction........................................................ ........................................................ .. 3
1. Air Transport in tourist transportation................................ 4
1.1 International organizations regulating air transport.................................................... ........................................................ 7
1.2 Interaction between travel companies and airlines…………… 9
1.3 Air transportation in Russia………………………………. 13
2. Characteristics of the airline " Ural Airlines"………….. 16
2.1 Results of the airline’s activities……………………………… 21
3. Ways to improve the quality of passenger service in air transport……………………………………………………… 27
Conclusion……………………………………………………….............. 29
List of sources used…………………………………….. 30

INTRODUCTION

Transport is one of the most important components of the material base of the economy of any country.
Tourism depends entirely on transport, its safety, speed and amenities provided to the tourist during his movement. Understanding the basics of relationships with transport companies, the rules of interaction with them in matters of ensuring the safety of passengers and their property, and service is important for both tourists and travel organizers.
The relevance of this topic is that air transport is the most popular look transport in the world. Air transport is one of the fastest and most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and every year it occupies an increasingly stronger position in the global transport system.
The purpose of this course work: to prove that air transport is popular in tourist transportation, to consider tourist transportation at Ural Airlines and to identify ways to improve the quality of service in air transport.
To achieve the goal in course work it is necessary to solve the following problems:
1. Consider the features air transport and identify the reasons for the popularity of transportation;
2. Study some aspects of servicing tourists by air transport;
3. Consider the work of Ural Airlines;
The object of the study is: Ural Airlines.
The subject of the study is: the place of air transport in the system of tourist transportation in the Ural Airlines airline.

1. AIR TRANSPORT IN TOURIST TRANSPORTATION

Transport is one of the most important components of the material base of the economy of any country. Since ancient times, transport has been the engine of progress. Man used any available means to transport people and goods. With the invention of the wheel, and somewhat later of various types of engines, man began to correspondingly develop means of transportation: carts, carriages, steam locomotives, airplanes, etc. This made it possible to travel long distances and for various purposes.
international tourism involves the movement of people from country to country. When studying its development, it is very important to determine its relationship with the transport industry. Success in tourism generating markets and adequate transport infrastructure constitute one of the most important prerequisites for the development of any tourist center. For its part, demand in tourism stimulated the rapid development of the transport industry.
Tourism depends entirely on transport, its safety, speed and amenities provided to the tourist during his movement. Understanding the basics of relationships with transport companies, the rules of interaction with them in matters of ensuring the safety of passengers and their property, service, the use of appropriate discounts and benefits during sales is important for both tourists and travel organizers. The development of tourism is hampered by the fact that transport systems in a number of countries do not meet international standards for convenience, efficiency and safety, and transport projects in terms of the construction of new airports, roads and railways require huge investments and time for their implementation.
Less than half of all international travel takes place by land, with the role of air transport increasing every year.
In 1992, only 5% of travelers used the railway system for international travel (mainly within Europe) and 8% traveled by steamships and ferries (for example, between the UK and France, Italy and Greece, Sweden and Denmark), and 40% of tourists got to their destination by plane.
According to statistics, the rate of growth in the popularity of air transport is higher than that of road transport, which is due to the ever-increasing expansion of the geography of travel and the existing stable tendency to reduce travel time in favor of their frequency (the growth of short-term long-distance tours). All this causes the tourism business to pay close attention to air transportation.
Airplanes are the most popular form of transport in the world. The same can be said about air travel in tourism.
And there are a number of reasons for this:
- firstly, aviation is the fastest and most convenient form of transport when traveling long distances;
- secondly, the service on flights is currently attractive to tourists;
- thirdly, aviation companies directly and through international networks bookings and reservations pay travel agencies a commission for each seat booked on an airplane, thereby motivating them to choose air travel.
Air transport is one of the fastest and most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and every year it occupies an increasingly stronger position in the global transport system.
There are now more than 1,300 airlines in the world. On average, about 1.5 billion people are transported on air flights per year. International air services are now provided by over 470 carriers, about 250 of them operate international scheduled flights. More than 1 thousand airports around the world are involved in servicing international air services, about 650 of them serve international scheduled air transportation.
The largest airlines in the world in terms of the number of traffic are considered to be the American “Delta Air lines”, “ Pan American", "United", French " Air France", German "Lufthansa", British "British Airways", etc. Major airline The Russian Aeroflot is considered.
However, the international air transport system consists not only of international air carriers and airports, but also of states connected by international air lines and providing these communications, as well as international organizations in the field of air transport, taking measures to ensure its effective functioning and safety.
Net international transport currently covers all geographical regions and more than 150 countries of the world.

1.1 International organizations regulating air transport

Air transport is regulated in three ways:
National regulation - licensing of air carriers operating both domestically and internationally international routes;
Intergovernmental regulation - when scheduled air routes are based on agreements between the governments of the respective countries;
International regulation - when tariffs for scheduled flights are set (for airline members) on the basis of mutual agreements between participating airlines........

LIST OF SOURCES USED

1. Azar V.I. Transport and tourism. - M.: Transport, 2007.
2. Birzhakov M.B., Nikiforov V.I. Tourism industry: transportation. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house. house "Gerda", 2008.
3. Zorin I.V., Koverina T.P., Kvartalnov V.A. Tourism management. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2007.
4. Nikolaenko V.N., Skorobogatova L.G. Management of transport services in the tourism sector. V2h. Part 1: Lecture notes. - Ekaterinburg: UrGUPS Publishing House, 2011.
5. Osipova O.Ya. transport services for tourists: Textbook. manual for higher students textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009.
6. Transport support for commercial activities: Textbook. allowance / Ed. G.Ya. Rezgo. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2009.
7. Russian tourist newspaper. - URL: www. turizm.ru
8. Ministry of Transport Russian Federation. - URL: www. favt.ru/favt_new -

The role and place of air transport in tourism

Various modes of transport are used tourism organizations for transporting tourists during travel. The main share in the overall structure of transport services belongs to aviation transport. Largest quantity tourists, especially those traveling long distances, use aviation services.

Road transport can rightfully be called transport of universal use, since it is used everywhere: from transfers and excursions, intra-route transportation by buses to the rental of small cars by tourists for personal use on vacation. Buses and cars transport of local and intraregional importance. Bus excursion and educational tours with visits to several cities and places of interest are especially popular. For touristsIt’s convenient that they can travel along the route and within the city in their own transport .

The main competitor of buses in group transportation is Railway. Within our country, it has some priority over air transportation. The advantage of rail transportation is also morelow tariffs and (in foreign countries) an extensive system of discounts, travel tickets etc., allowing you to travel around much more low prices . However, neither bus nor rail transportdo not compete with aviation over long distances
Water transport, river and sea transport in themselves already evoke the image of a tourist - cruise service and are used quite actively in tourism. Water travel have a number of both advantages and disadvantages compared to other modes of transport.The most significant advantages are a high level of comfort, a large volume of simultaneous loading, and the possibility of implementing various types and purposes of tourism (educational, business tourism, educational, shopping tourism, etc.), good rest, full complex life support . The main disadvantages include the low speed of movementVehicle, high tariffs, limited mobility, and often the susceptibility of some people to “sea sickness” on sea cruises.

Air transport in tourist transportation

Airplanes are the most popular form of transport in the world. The same can be said about air travel in tourism. And there are a number of reasons for this:

Firstly, aviation is the fastest and most convenient form of transport when traveling long distances;

Secondly, the service on flights is currently attractive to tourists;

Thirdly, airline companies directly and through international booking and reservation networks pay travel agencies a commission for each seat booked on an airplane, thereby motivating them to choose air travel.

There are now more than 1,300 airlines in the world. On average, about 1.5 billion people are transported on air flights per year. International air services are now provided by over 470 carriers, about 250 of them operate international scheduled flights. More than 1 thousand airports around the world are involved in servicing international air services, about 650 of them serve international scheduled air transportation

The largest airlines in the world in terms of the number of traffic are considered to be the American Delta Air lines, Pan Amerikan, United, the French Air France, the German Lufthansa, the British British Airways, etc. The Russian Aeroflot is considered a major airline.

Air transport is regulated in three ways:

1) national regulation - licensing of air carriers operating on both domestic and international routes;

2) intergovernmental regulation - when regular air routes are based on agreements between the governments of the relevant countries;

3) international regulation - when tariffs for scheduled flights are set (for airline members) on the basis of mutual agreements between participating airlines through mediation International Association air transport (IATA) or a third party

One of the types of international regulation of air transportation is plans to createpool , connecting airlines operating on certain international routes.

Pool agreement connects airlines operating on the same international routes in order to optimize aircraft schedules, reduce the direction and regulate passenger flows during peak hours and periods, as well as in order to increase profits on these routes and its further distribution between airlines

A travel agent also needs to know the rules for booking air tickets, working with stocks, tariffs and discounts provided by airlines.

Requirements of professional ethics when booking air tickets. To avoid additional inconvenience for air carriers, as well as to facilitate the booking process and improve the quality of service for travel agent passengers, you should adhere to the following simple rules:

Follow standard airline booking procedures as determined by your specific airline.

Never double book a passenger if they can't decide which flight to take. Moreover, never issue two or more tickets for such a passenger if it is obvious that he will only be able to use one of them.

Regardless of the passenger's route, be sure to try, to the extent possible, to provide the airline with telephone numbers for emergency contact with the passenger along the route.

If the passenger changes the route, immediately cancel the corresponding reservation with the airline, and also refuse all other related services that are not required.

Strictly adhere to the deadlines and procedures for issuing tickets required by air carriers. Never issue a ticket with a guaranteed seat until the guarantee has been confirmed by the airline concerned.

All airline seat reservations must be carefully recorded and properly documented. Documents drawn up and copies remaining with the agent must necessarily contain an indication of the flight number, date and class of flight, status (guaranteed/non-guaranteed seat) of each individual flight, surnames and initials of passengers and their contact numbers or addresses. Promptly report receipt of all deposits on the prescribed form.

Agency agreement with the airline . In principle, some airlines consider as their agents all travel companies that have an agreement with them for a quota of seats. However, in its purest form, an agency agreement is work with stocks, i.e. when a travel company gets the opportunity to independently act as an airline agency for the sale of air tickets (both for its tourists and just selling), which simplifies and speeds up the booking and registration procedures travel documents. The travel company itself acts as a “ticket sales office” for the airline, that is, it issues tickets itself and has the appropriate computer equipment and the right to access the airline’s reservation network (for example, Gabriel at Aeroflot). This type of work with air tickets is called “working with stock of air tickets.”

Charter (aircraft rental ). When organizing charter air transportation, the customer and the airline determine the route, the responsibilities of the parties are negotiated, the compliance of the lease agreement with international rules is determined, and the cost of the flight is determined. Then a special charter agreement is concluded, which stipulates:

Type (make) of the aircraft;

Number of seats for sale;

Aircraft rental cost;

Route indicating departure and arrival airports;

Duration of the contract (season, year, etc.);

Regularity of flights;

Possibility and deadlines for cancellation (cancellation) of a flight and corresponding sanctions.

The peculiarity of charters is that one full flight (the second and penultimate flights - the first return after the first delivery and the last there before the last delivery) is carried out without tourists: on last flight the plane picks up the last tourists, but does not bring new ones, since it will not return for them (i.e., for 10 tourist arrivals there are 11 flights). The formula N + 1 applies here. Thus, the largest number of flights during the period of validity of the air charter program reduces the costs of the “lost” flight, and therefore reduces the transportation tariff.

Soft block , in which the customer does not have any financial responsibility and has the right to completely or partially refuse his seats within a predetermined time frame, is more convenient for the travel agent. However, if the refusal occurs after the established period, the customer will have to pay a fine. Typically, soft blocks are used quite rarely, since they are not always beneficial to the charter holder (be it an airline or a wholesaler tour operator).

Hard block provides for strict contractual obligations regarding sales timing and payment. The customer makes an advance payment, the amount of which usually includes the cost of two paired flights. Tariffs for the sale of a hard block are approximately 5-10% lower than for the sale of a soft block. In addition, with a fixed block agreement, the operator and agent fix the price for the entire charter period, which gives sellers a good opportunity to vary prices during the “high” period of the season.

The most common sale of seats is charter flights the so-called combined method, combining elements of the two above-mentioned options. The total number of places included in the block being sold is divided in a certain proportion into two parts: one of which is sold according to the “hard” system, and the other - according to the “soft” system.

Often, the initiator of a charter program is not one, but several tour operators. At the same time, they agree in advance among themselves on the conditions for organizing flights.

Normal relations with airlines when leasing an aircraft provide for its payment according to the contract with a mandatory balance sheet after each flight.

Charter flights must not contradict the requirements of the Warsaw International Convention on the Obligations of the Carrier to the Passenger

When signing an agreement to organize a charter, the airline almost always puts the tour operator under strict conditions. First of all, the company requires an advance payment. Whatever its maximum size, the airline always insists that the first and last flights of a charter cycle be prepaid. In this way, it insures itself and previously imported tourists against possible non-payments. Payment for flights is agreed upon in advance and is usually made 7-10 days before the start of the flight. In case of late payment, according to the contract, the company has the right to impose penalties on the customer or terminate existing contractual relations with him.

Currently, 315 airlines operate in the air transportation market in Russia. Of these, 96 have licenses to operate scheduled flights and carry 99% of the total volume of air passengers

Aeroflot remains the undisputed leader of the Russian airline business. Aeroflot Russian Airlines international airlines» is the national flag carrier of Russia.

3.5. The role of transport in the development of the tourism industry

Tourism involves the movement of people from one place to another, both within a country and abroad. The legislation of a number of European countries (for example, France and Italy) classifies transport services as the main services provided to a traveler, along with accommodation services. Within tourism statistics, transport refers to the means a visitor uses to travel from his or her permanent place residence in the place visited. However, many transport enterprises and companies not only transport tourists, but also provide transportation of ordinary passengers, mail and cargo not related to tourism. Therefore, the seasonal nature of tourism creates serious problems for transport companies.

Air transport includes: air flights carried out according to the schedule of air passenger transportation along established routes; unscheduled flights (mainly charter flights and others not subject to the schedule of air passenger transportation), as well as rental aircraft with the crew. In this case, charter means any passenger vehicle (aircraft, sea, river, automobile), completely rented from the carrier by a travel agency for the transportation of tourists.

Water transport includes sea and coastal transport, as well as inland water transport.

In maritime transport, cruise ships are of particular interest. The main emphasis when organizing cruises is on obtaining positive emotions from tourists' stay on board the ship, and not on the speed of the tourist's arrival at the destination. In some cases, to attract tourists, ferry ships are also used, carrying not only the tourists themselves, but also their personal cars (vehicles). Land transport is divided into rail, bus and road (accommodating up to 8 people). The movement of land transport must comply with the schedule of regular transportation, but transportation can also be carried out outside the schedule (special tourist trips, long-distance charter or excursion bus trips). There is also specialized road transport that carries tourists along the routes airport - city, station - city (transfer). Renting vehicles is widespread in the host country.

Tourism depends entirely on transport, its safety, speed and amenities provided to the tourist during his movement. Understanding the basics of relationships with transport companies, the rules of interaction with them in matters of ensuring the safety of passengers and their property, service, the use of appropriate discounts and benefits during sales is important for both tourists and travel organizers. The development of tourism is hampered by the fact that transport systems in a number of countries do not meet international standards for convenience, efficiency and safety, and transport projects, in particular the construction of new airports, roads and railways, require huge investments and time for their implementation 1 .

1 More details about the importance of transport services in the development of tourism can be found in the work: “Service activities in tourism and the hotel business.” - Tomsk: Publishing house Tom. University, 2004.

According to statistics, the rate of growth in the popularity of air transport is higher than that of road transport, which is due to the ever-increasing expansion of the geography of travel and the existing stable trend towards reducing travel times in favor of their frequency (the growth of short-term long-distance tours). All this causes close attention of the tourism business to air transportation. Airplanes are the most popular form of transport in the world. The same can be said about air travel in tourism. And there are a number of reasons for this:

Firstly, aviation is the fastest and most convenient form of transport when traveling long distances;
- secondly, the service on flights is currently attractive to tourists;
- thirdly, airline companies directly and through international booking and reservation networks pay travel agencies commissions for each seat booked on the plane, thereby motivating them to choose air travel

Air transport is one of the fastest and most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and every year it occupies an increasingly stronger position in the global transport system.

However, the international air transport system consists not only of international air carriers and airports, but also of states connected by international air lines and providing these communications, as well as international organizations in the field of air transport, taking measures to ensure its effective functioning and safety

The international transportation network currently covers all geographical regions and more than 150 countries around the world

Air transport is regulated in three ways:

1) national regulation - licensing of air carriers operating on both domestic and international routes;
2) intergovernmental regulation - when regular air routes are based on agreements between the governments of the relevant countries;
3) international regulation - when tariffs for scheduled flights are set (for airline members) on the basis of mutual agreements between participating airlines through the mediation of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) or a third party

One type of international regulation of air travel is plans to create a pool connecting airlines operating on certain international routes.

A pool agreement connects airlines operating on the same international routes in order to optimize aircraft schedules, reduce routes and regulate passenger flows during peak hours and periods, as well as to increase profits on these routes and its further distribution between airlines

A pool agreement, in principle, can lead to the destruction of competition on the route. But this also means preserving the opportunity for companies of various sizes to participate in transportation on the lines. Pool agreements are often concluded between airlines that are not comparable in size in order to provide them with the best capacity and profits. Financial agreements between pooled carriers typically limit the maximum amount of revenue transferred from one carrier to another to reduce the possibility of government support for inefficient carriers. In some countries, however, pool agreements are currently prohibited (for example, in the USA)

International regulation of air travel is carried out on the basis of international agreements signed between countries over many years.

The Warsaw Convention of 1929 was the first general agreement between airlines dealing with airline liability for the safety of passengers in the event of death, injury or loss of baggage during carriage. (The Montreal Protocol later determined that the maximum liability will be periodically revised due to inflationary processes. Today, the airline's liability to the passenger is a maximum of 20 thousand US dollars.) This agreement is the basis for insuring passengers, mail and baggage for international air travel.

Chicago Convention on civil aviation 1944, in discussions on the adoption of which 80 countries took part, contains an agreement to standardize migration procedures for air services between countries. These principles were adopted to provide the basis for bilateral agreements between countries. The agreement agreed not to regulate charter flights, allowing countries to apply individual regulations and conditions under which they accept and operate charter flights.

The 1946 Anglo-American Bermuda Agreement on Transatlantic Flights regulated bilateral agreements on these routes. In 1977 the Bermuda Agreement was revised (and ratified in 1980), and in 1986 a new agreement expanded the actual capacity on trans-Atlantic routes, limited to two British and two American carriers

Since air transport occupies an increasingly stronger position in the global transport system every year, there has long been a need for its global coordination and regulation. These issues are dealt with by international aviation organizations. Let's look at the most influential and famous of them.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is one of the first most respectable and authoritative global structures. 183 states are members of ICAO. ICAO works closely with other organizations such as the United Nations Community, World Meteorological Organization, International Union of Electrical Communications, World Post Union, World Health Organization, International Sea Organization.

The International Association of Air Transportation - I ATA - was created to coordinate the actions of the world's airlines aimed at ensuring safety and increasing the efficiency of air transportation in all regions globe. Founded in 1919 and reformed in 1945, IATA is the professional association of airline companies operating international flights. The main function performed by the Association is to streamline international commercial air traffic, introduce uniform rules and procedures for all members and establish agreed upon tariffs for passenger transportation on international routes.

Travel agencies participate in the activities of IATA through its special branch - the International Travel Agents Network (IATAN), the International Organization of Airline Agents, as well as through the international organizations of civil airports

Within the framework of organizing tourist travel, there are several forms of interaction between travel companies and airlines:

Reservation of seats and purchase of air tickets through airline agencies;
- reservation of seats and purchase of air tickets through reservation systems;
- an agreement with the airline for a quota of seats on regular airlines;
- agency agreement and work as an agency selling air tickets for its tourists;
- organization of charter flights for tourist transportation

In order to correctly choose the most convenient and profitable part of tourist transportation, as well as to competently conclude a contract for air transportation of tourists, you need to know all the features, advantages and disadvantages of a particular type of interaction with an airline.

A travel agent also needs to know the rules for booking air tickets, working with stocks, tariffs and discounts provided by airlines.

Follow airline-specific standard booking procedures
- Never double book a passenger if they can’t decide which flight to take. Moreover, never issue two or more tickets for such a passenger if it is obvious that he will only be able to use one of them.
- Regardless of the passenger's route, be sure to try, to the extent possible, to provide the airline with telephone numbers for emergency contact with the passenger along the route
- If the passenger changes the route, immediately cancel the corresponding reservation with the airline, and also refuse all other related services that are not required
- Strictly adhere to the deadlines and procedures for issuing tickets required by air carriers. Never issue a ticket with a guaranteed seat until the guarantee has been confirmed by the airline concerned.
- All airline seat reservations must be carefully recorded and properly documented. Documents drawn up and copies remaining with the agent must necessarily contain an indication of the flight number, date and class of flight, status (guaranteed/non-guaranteed seat) of each individual flight, surnames and initials of passengers and their contact numbers or addresses. Promptly report receipt of all deposits on the prescribed form.

Always remember that the convenience of passengers and the smooth functioning of other agents and airlines depend on your efficiency, accuracy and courtesy.

Agreement for a quota of seats on regular flights. A quota of places, or otherwise a block of places, can be hard or soft. This affects the terms of the contract and special benefits and discounts. With a strict quota of places, all responsibility for non-sale of places in a block falls on the travel company, regardless of the reason for non-sale. The travel agency bears financial losses. With a soft quota of places, deadlines are established for the possible refusal of a travel company from a quota or part of a quota of places due to the non-sale of tourist vouchers. These terms provide for the possibility of further sale of these seats by the airline itself or its other agents

The agreement with the airline for a quota of seats on regular flights includes:

Schedule of round trip and return tours, indicating destinations;
- number of tourists in each group (place quota);
- deadlines for submitting applications and purchasing air tickets;
- deadlines for canceling ticket orders without deducting fines (soft block);
- types of tariffs for purchased tickets, preferential tariffs, conditions for granting preferential tariffs;
- discounts and benefits for the quota of places;
- the procedure and terms for returning purchased but unused tickets, financial liability arising from the terms of return (soft block).

Agency agreement with the airline. In principle, some airlines consider as their agents all travel companies that have an agreement with them for a quota of seats. However, in its purest form, an agency agreement is work with stocks, i.e. when a travel company gets the opportunity to independently act as an airline agency for the sale of air tickets (both for its tourists and just selling), which simplifies and speeds up the procedures for booking and issuing travel tickets documents. The travel company itself acts as a “ticket sales office” for the airline, that is, it issues tickets itself and has the appropriate computer equipment and the right to access the airline’s reservation network (for example, Gabriel at Aeroflot). This type of work with air tickets is called “working with stock of air tickets.”

The airline, represented by this travel agency, has an additional point of sale (one of the conditions of the agency agreement is usually the preferential sale of tickets for tours of this particular airline)

The agency agreement with the airline provides for the resolution of the following issues:

Who and under what conditions provides equipment for issuing air tickets, air ticket forms;
- training of personnel to service this equipment;
- sales volumes are most often set individually - by the number of tickets per month (for example, at least 10/200 tickets per month) or by sales revenue (from 10 to 200 thousand US dollars or more in different airlines);
- limits of possible sales (regionally or by consumer segments);
- at what price are air tickets sold - at the price of the airline or at the price of the travel agency (most often at the price of the airline);
- prices and tariffs for air ticket sales;
- terms of payment for air tickets: prepayment or payment upon sale (for stock agents in some airlines, prepayment is established for groups of tourists);
- the amount of commission for the sale of air tickets (up to 9% of the fare sold);
- deadlines and frequency of submission of airline reports, their form and documentation required in the application (usually 1 or 2 times a month);
- the amount of bank guarantees in favor of the airline or 1ATA (from 20 thousand US dollars);
- membership in IATA.

Charter (aircraft rental). When organizing charter air transportation, the customer and the airline determine the route, the responsibilities of the parties are negotiated, the compliance of the lease agreement with international rules is determined, and the cost of the flight is determined. Then a special charter agreement is concluded, which stipulates:

Type (make) of the aircraft;
- number of seats for sale;
- cost of renting an aircraft;
- route indicating departure and arrival airports;
- duration of the contract (season, year, etc.);
- regularity of flights;
- the possibility and deadlines for cancellation (cancellation) of a flight and the corresponding sanctions

The peculiarity of charters is that one full flight (the second and penultimate flight - the first return after the first delivery and the last one there before the last delivery) is carried out without tourists: on the last flight the plane picks up the last tourists, but does not bring new ones, since it is no longer after them will return (i.e. for 10 tourist arrivals there are 11 flights). The formula N + 1 applies here. Thus, the largest number of flights during the period of validity of the air charter program reduces the cost of a “lost” flight, and therefore reduces the transportation tariff

It should be noted that it is realistic to organize 20 races per season (with weekly flights). However, a charter can be launched with a frequency of 2 times a week - then the number of flights per season increases to 40. This significantly reduces the tariff, but is not affordable for the vast majority of travel companies. This explains the emergence of “intermediate” entrepreneurs in the tourist transportation market - wholesalers (wholesalers), consolidating large charters in their hands and further distributing them among smaller firms in the form of block charters (i.e., 10-30 seats each) ). The tour operator-wholesaler usually sells blocks of seats for its charter using three proven options: hard, soft and combined blocks of seats.

A soft block, in which the customer does not have any financial responsibility and has the right to completely or partially refuse his seats within a predetermined time frame, is more convenient for the travel agent. However, if the refusal occurs after the established period, the customer will have to pay a fine. Typically, soft blocks are used quite rarely, since they are not always beneficial to the charter holder (be it an airline or a wholesaler tour operator).

A rigid block provides for strict contractual obligations regarding the terms of sale and payment. The customer makes an advance payment, the amount of which usually includes the cost of two paired flights. Tariffs for the sale of a hard block are approximately 5-10% lower than for the sale of a soft block. In addition, with a fixed block agreement, the operator and agent fix the price for the entire charter period, which gives sellers a good opportunity to vary prices during the “high” period of the season and at the end of it

The most common sale of seats on charter flights is the so-called combined method, which combines elements of the two above-mentioned options. The total number of places included in the block being sold is divided in a certain proportion into two parts: one of which is sold according to the “hard” system, and the other - according to the “soft” system.

Often, the initiator of a charter program is not one, but several tour operators. At the same time, they agree in advance among themselves the conditions for organizing flights.

Normal relations with airlines when leasing an aircraft provide for its payment according to the contract with a mandatory balance sheet after each flight

Charter flights must not contradict the requirements of the Warsaw International Convention on the Obligations of the Carrier to the Passenger

All air transportation rules in our country are regulated Air Code RF dated March 19, 1977, as well as a number of international agreements. The main body coordinating air transportation in Russia is the Federal Air Transport Service (FSVT)

Currently, 315 airlines operate in the air transportation market in Russia. Of these, 96 have licenses to operate scheduled flights and carry 99% of the total volume of air passengers

Transportation volumes are distributed unevenly between airlines. Eighteen of Russia's largest airlines transport about 75% of passengers, with aircraft from eight or nine “supergiants” transporting up to 50% Russian travelers. 94 airlines operating scheduled flights serve approximately 23% of passengers. And the remaining 276 airlines, which typically operate one-time flights, account for about 1% of passenger traffic

Aeroflot remains the undisputed leader of the Russian airline business. Aeroflot Russian International Airlines is the national flag carrier of Russia. The company, as a rule, has more than two times more clients than the second number - the Domodedovo Airlines production association.

Recently, Russian airlines have begun to create aviation alliances. For example, in February 1998, two leading airlines in Russia - Aeroflot - Russian International Airlines and Pulkovo - signed an agreement on a strategic aviation alliance. In the same year, Aeroflot signed cooperation agreements with Uzbekistan Airways and Armenian Airlines.

At the end of 1997 Russian airline Transaero and the Uzbek national carrier Uzbekistan Airways announced the unification and coordination of their actions in the air transportation market. The new aviation association was called the CIS Alliance. Transaero also has code sharing agreements with Czech company"CSA" on the Moscow - Karlovy Vary line and with the Latvian " Air Baltic» on the Moscow - Riga line. In February 1999, Transaero and Krasnoyarsk Airlines signed an agreement on joint operation of the routes Moscow - Krasnoyarsk, Moscow - Norilsk and Moscow - Krasnoyarsk - Vladivostok

- firstly, aviation is the fastest and most convenient form of transport when traveling long distances;
- secondly, the service on flights is currently attractive to tourists;
- thirdly, airline companies directly and through international booking and reservation networks pay travel agencies commissions for each seat booked on the plane, thereby motivating them to choose air travel.

Air transport is one of the fastest and most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy and every year it occupies an increasingly stronger position in the global transport system.

The international transportation network currently covers all geographical regions and more than 150 countries around the world.

Air transport is regulated in three ways:

1) national regulation - licensing of air carriers operating on both domestic and international routes;
2) intergovernmental regulation - when regular air routes are based on agreements between the governments of the relevant countries;
3) international regulation - when tariffs for scheduled flights are set (for airline members) on the basis of mutual agreements between participating airlines through the mediation of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) or a third party.

Travel agencies participate in IATA activities through its special branch - the International Travel Agents Network (IATAN), the International Organization of Airline Agents, as well as through international civil airport organizations.

Within the framework of organizing tourist travel, there are several forms of interaction between travel companies and airlines:

E reservation of seats and purchase of air tickets through airline agencies;

E reservation of seats and purchase of air tickets through reservation systems;

E agreement with the airline for a quota of seats on regular airlines;

Ё agency agreement and work as an agency selling air tickets for its tourists;

Organization of charter flights for tourist transportation.

A travel agent also needs to know the rules for booking air tickets, working with stocks, tariffs and discounts provided by airlines.

Requirements of professional ethics when booking air tickets. To avoid additional inconvenience for air carriers, as well as to facilitate the booking process and improve the quality of passenger service, travel agents should adhere to the following simple rules:

- Follow the airline's standard booking procedures.
- Never double book a passenger if they can’t decide which flight to take. Moreover, never issue two or more tickets for such a passenger if it is obvious that he will only be able to use one of them.
- Regardless of the passenger's route, be sure to try, to the extent possible, to provide the airline with telephone numbers for emergency contact with the passenger along the route.
- If the passenger changes the route, immediately cancel the corresponding reservation with the airline, and also refuse all other related services that are not required
- Strictly adhere to the deadlines and procedures for issuing tickets required by air carriers. Never issue a ticket with a guaranteed seat until the guarantee has been confirmed by the airline concerned.
- All airline seat reservations must be carefully recorded and properly documented. Documents drawn up and copies remaining with the agent must necessarily contain an indication of the flight number, date and class of flight, status (guaranteed/non-guaranteed seat) of each individual flight, surnames and initials of passengers and their contact numbers or addresses. Promptly report receipt of all deposits on the prescribed form.

Always remember that the convenience of passengers and the smooth functioning of other agents and airlines depend on your efficiency, accuracy and courtesy.

Type (make) of the aircraft;

E number of seats for sale;

The cost of renting an aircraft;

E route indicating departure and arrival airports;

Ё duration of the contract (season, year, etc.);

Yo regularity of flights;

The possibility and deadlines for cancellation (cancellation) of a flight and the corresponding sanctions.

The peculiarity of charters is that one full flight (the second and penultimate flight - the first return after the first delivery and the last one there before the last delivery) is carried out without tourists: on the last flight the plane picks up the last tourists, but does not bring new ones, since it is no longer after them will return (i.e. for 10 tourist arrivals there are 11 flights). The formula N + 1 applies here. Thus, the largest number of flights during the period of validity of the air charter program reduces the costs of the “lost” flight, and therefore reduces the transportation tariff.

Often, the initiator of a charter program is not one, but several tour operators. At the same time, they agree in advance among themselves on the conditions for organizing flights.

Normal relations with airlines when leasing an aircraft provide for its payment according to the contract with a mandatory balance sheet after each flight.

Aeroflot remains the undisputed leader of the Russian airline business. Aeroflot Russian International Airlines is the national flag carrier of Russia. And in Belarus, the national airline Belavia is the leader in passenger transportation. The airline's activities are based on the principle of creating a positive image, which is formed on the basis of safety, regularity and accuracy of flights, and improving the quality of passenger service.

Belavia is a modern, dynamic company that meets the latest innovations in the field of civil aviation, strives for constant development and improvement, as well as attracting a new number of passengers. Its primary goals are modernization of the air fleet, efficient use of resources, introduction of new information technologies and constant improvement of the quality of service, both on board and on the ground.

The main emphasis in its work by the airline is on providing customers with the opportunity to fly both direct flights and to continue their journey without delay to anywhere in the world, while trying to take into account all the wishes of the passenger.

The attitude of Belavia employees to work and the Belarusian hospitality can be appreciated every time you travel by airlines on business or for leisure. Thanks to a close-knit team of high-class professionals who love their work and are proud of it, Belavia has in a short period of time established itself as a reliable and competitive air carrier.

Belavia also provides services such as:

Ё Transportation of goods;

Ё Transportation of animals;