Skyscraper project with Lenin. Palace of Soviets. Large Academic Cinema on Teatralnaya Square

PALACE OF SOVIETS, an unrealized project of a building intended for construction in Moscow. For the first time, the idea of building the Palace of Soviets in Moscow was expressed by S. M. Kirov (see KIROV Sergey Mironovich) in 1922 at the First Congress of Soviets. Design… encyclopedic Dictionary

Palace of the Soviets. Project by B. M. Iofan, V. A. Shchuko and V. G. Gelfreich. 1935 1937. Moscow. “Palace of Soviets” the name of the station in 193557 ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

Project of the Palace of the Soviets (architects B. M. Iofan, V. A. Shchuko, V. G. Gelfreich). The Palace of Soviets is an unrealized construction project of the Soviet government, work on which was carried out in the 1930s and 1950s: a grandiose administrative building, ... ... Wikipedia

Designed in 193133 and 195759. The idea of building the complex arose in 1922 at the First Congress of Soviets of the USSR. In the 193050s. it was promoted in every possible way, acquiring a symbolic meaning of expressing state, political and... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

Palace of Arts is a multi-valued term. Palace of Arts (Ivanovo) Palace of Arts (Lviv) Palace of Arts (Minsk) National Palace arts "Ukraine" See also Palace Palace fine arts Palace of Culture Palace of Pioneers Palace of Soviets ... Wikipedia

The project of N. Trotsky, which received the first prize of the Palace of Labor in Moscow ... Wikipedia

Attraction Palace of Culture and Science Pałac Kultury i Nauki ... Wikipedia

Palace Palace of Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich ... Wikipedia

Coordinates: 59°55′58″ N. w. 30°20′41″ E. d. / 59.932778° n. w. 30.344722° E. d. ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Yusupov Palace. Coordinates: 59°55′45.8″ N. w. 30°17′56.12″ E. d. / 59.929389° s. w... Wikipedia

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Architecture of the Palace of Soviets, Team of authors. Palace of Soviets and collaboration of arts. Construction of the Palace of Soviets and the Commonwealth of Arts. Structures and materials. Interior architecture. The main sculpture of the Palace of Soviets is the statue of V.…
Architecture of the Palace of Soviets. Palace of Soviets and collaboration of arts. Construction of the Palace of Soviets and the Commonwealth of Arts. Structures and materials. Interior architecture. The main sculpture of the Palace of Soviets is the statue of V.…

On December 5, 1931, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was blown up. Shortly before this, an international competition was announced to design the main building of the country - the Palace of the Soviets, the place for which was cleared by the explosion of the temple.

The new power, the new ideology, the global ambition for the total happiness of mankind required adequate implementation in a structure that would be “visible from all over the world.”

The competition evoked a nationwide response: sketches with ideas for the Palace of Soviets were sent by schoolchildren and workers' faculty students, active pensioners and housing associations. There were 160 professional architectural projects alone, 24 of which were from foreign masters. Despite the large number of brilliant works, the Construction Council, announcing the results of the second round, awarded victory to the projects B. Iofan, I. Zholtovsky And American G. Hamilton. All three winners presented projects of pompous, heavy structures that go back to the Empire style. At the same time, bright, modern projects Vesnin brothers, German architects architectural school"Bauhaus", perhaps the most popular master in the world Le Corbusier.

1920s turned out to be a time of triumph of constructivism in the USSR - a new style in which the architectural image is created with minimal means. Buildings K Konstantin Melnikov, Ilya Golosov, Moisei Ginzburg, the same Vesnin brothers, bold projects Tatlin and El Lissitzky managed to gain worldwide fame for the new Soviet architecture. And suddenly - a demonstrative rejection of these conquests, a programmatic return to the “grand style” of the empire.

The disappointment of the architectural community was so great that the world leaders of the new architecture wrote letters of surprise to Stalin, who was naively called the president. The International Congress of Modern Architecture, which united leading artists, planned to gather in Moscow for the fourth time in 1933, but the results of the competition for the Palace of the Soviets prompted them to abandon this idea. How discouraged he wrote Lunacharsky Le Corbusier, “people love royal palaces.”

Project of the Palace of Soviets by architect Boris Iofan. Photo: RIA Novosti / Mikhail Filimonov

The rejection of revolutionary architectural ideas in favor of traditional ones was not the first. The competition for the Red Stadium on Vorobyovy Gory ended in much the same way. The constructivist project of the Vesnin brothers was recognized as the strongest in the competition for the Palace of Labor, but for some reason they awarded it not 1st, but only 3rd place (apparently, so as not to orient all Soviet architecture towards a new style), the project was never started. A talented constructivist won the competition for the Central Telegraph building Grigory Barkhin, but when implementing the project, the old master Ivan Rerberg were instructed to dress the building with a translucent frame in a “decent” stone coat. In the same way, the winners of the competition for the Moscow Hotel building were not allowed to fully implement their bold project - it was “corrected” in an academic spirit at the construction site Alexey Shchusev- a proven old master.

What does he think? Yuri Volchok, Professor of the Moscow Architectural Institute, this is not a matter of Stalin’s personal preferences. The manor house with columns, which had become familiar over two centuries, was more consistent with the people’s idea of the main building of the country.

Image of the Palace of Soviets on the “Moscow City Plan”, compiled and published in 1940 by the Geodetic Office of the Moscow Planning Department. Photo: Public Domain

There is an underground entrance left

As you know, the Palace of Soviets was destined to remain a gigantic mirage: the 416-meter huge “high-rise building” in the world weighing 1.5 million tons, a quarter of which is the colossal figure of Lenin (the leader’s index finger alone is a two-story house), would have crushed the historical buildings Moscow. The war intervened: the foundation piles made of high-strength steel, already built to a height of seven underground floors, were dismantled into anti-tank “hedgehogs”. And after the war, no one wanted to poke around in the impassable mud of the Chertorysky stream, the construction site was moved to the ridge of the Lenin Mountains, and somehow the Palace of Soviets was quietly replaced with a new building of Moscow State University.

Lev Rudnev, having become the architect of the new “high-rise”, had a very strict deadline for completing the design, so Iofan’s project was used as the basis, thereby emphasizing the continuity of the Moscow State University building in relation to the Palace of the Soviets. And the other six Moscow skyscrapers have a genetic relationship with the unrealized project.
Their creation by Soviet architects, designers, materials scientists, and builders was, in the opinion of the same Yu. Volchok, a technological breakthrough comparable to space flight. Without these high-rise buildings, we would not have had mass construction, the country would not have moved from barracks to Khrushchev-era apartment buildings, which are anecdotal today, but at one time life-saving for a country mired in solving the housing problem.

The competition to design the Palace of the Soviets coincided with the development of the first general plan of Moscow in 1935. The idea of a vertical structure that “holds” the metropolis has not lost its relevance today. The principle of polycentrism, defined by the Palace of Soviets, is still relevant now, when the capital has grown into a southwestern “shirt-front”, and again an international competition of architectural ideas is required so that the new Moscow does not turn out to be a miserable outskirts of historical Moscow. The Palace of Soviets exists in reality, he believes Yuri Volchok, the bouquet of glass called the City would move significantly further from the city center (like the Defense skyscraper district in Paris was removed from the visibility range of the Eiffel Tower).

And as a keepsake from the Palace of Soviets, we still have a metro station - formerly of the same name, today known as “Kropotkinskaya”, the work of an excellent master Alexey Dushkin, perhaps the best among the world's subways. Once upon a time it was planned as... the underground lobby of the Palace of the Soviets. By the way, if only we could return it to its historical name!

He passed away in December 2013 journalist of “Arguments and Facts” Savely Kashnitsky. In memory of a talented colleague and a wonderful person, AiF.ru publishes the author’s best materials in recent years.

The Palace of Labor and the Bolshoi Cinema - these names cannot be found on the map of the modern capital; they are preserved only in the archives. Let's try to imagine what our city would look like if all the plans were destined to come true.

Moscow is a city that has been actively built and rebuilt throughout its history. Each era brought something new to the appearance of the capital, sometimes trying to completely change its architectural concept. This is especially true of the Soviet period, when styles such as the famous Stalinist Empire style and constructivism appeared.

The architectural projects of that time are amazing. Some of them were brought to life, but many remained in the archives. However, some drawings of the pre-revolutionary period can only be seen on paper. Let's try to imagine what our city would look like if all the plans were destined to come true.

Pre-revolutionary subway

The first proposals to create a metro in Moscow appeared back in 1875. Then the idea arose to lay a line from Kursky railway station through Lubyanka and Pushkinskaya squares to Maryina Roshcha. In 1902 A.I. Antonovich, N.I. Golinevich and N.P. Dmitriev compiled a revised project, which included the construction of the Circle Line running along Kamer-Kollezhsky Val, as well as Central Station in the Alexander Garden and four radial lines. Half of these pre-revolutionary lines were planned to be built on overpasses, and half to be carried out in tunnels. According to the project, the ring road was supposed to run along overpasses and earthen embankments.

Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Sparrow Hills

This temple was going to be erected in honor of the victory of Russia in the Patriotic War of 1812. Architect Alexander Vitberg proposed to build it between the Smolensk and Kaluga roads, on the Sparrow Hills, which Alexander I poetically called the “crown of Moscow.” Here are a few arguments that gave weight to the proposal: this is the emperor’s desire to build a temple outside the city, since in Moscow “there is not enough space required for an elegant building”; these are also references to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome located outside the city; this is lucky geographical location— after all, the Maiden’s Field, spread out at the foot of the Sparrow Hills, would allow one to see the temple from afar. And the last argument: Sparrow Hills located between the routes of the enemy, who entered Moscow along the Smolensk road and retreated along the Kaluga road.

The temple was supposed to be the tallest in the world: the height of its ground part was supposed to be 170 meters (for comparison: the height of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome is 141.5 meters). In 1823, stone procurement and work began to connect the upper reaches of the Volga and Moscow Rivers to deliver stone to the temple. The first experiment was successful, but large quantities were never transported because the water in the Moscow River could not be raised to the required level.

Construction of the temple never continued. Numerous springs on the mountain slope, indicating sandy soils, exclude the possibility of construction large structure not only on the slopes, but also at the top due to the danger of uneven settlement.

The Palace of Labor in Moscow is an unrealized project of 1922-1923. In the center of the capital, on the site between Tverskaya Street and the Sverdlovskaya, Revolution and Okhotnoryadskaya squares (on the site of the current Moscow Hotel), it was planned to build a grandiose complex.

The Palace of Labor was supposed to accommodate all the workers' organizations in Moscow, large proletarian libraries, a meeting hall for several thousand people, an auditorium for eight thousand listeners, a museum of social knowledge, a canteen with a capacity of six thousand people, sports organizations and much more.

The exhibition of projects “Palace of Labor” opened in March 1923. This major competition was to largely determine which path Soviet architecture would take. The project of the Vesnin brothers presented at it became the first building in the constructivist style. However, its construction never began, and in 1935 the Moscow Hotel appeared here.

Sukharevskaya Square

In 1931, a plan for the general reconstruction of Moscow was developed. It envisioned a complete change in the urban planning concept of the city. Wide transport routes and high-rise buildings were to appear in the center. To do this, they began to demolish historical buildings. In 1933, things came to the Sukharev Tower. Famous architects tried to protect the tower. The painter and restorer Igor Grabar, academicians of architecture Ivan Fomin and Ivan Zholtovsky wrote a letter to Stalin, pointing out that the decision was wrong: “The Sukharev Tower,” they wrote, “is an unfading example of the great art of construction, known to the whole world and equally highly valued everywhere... We... strongly object to the destruction of a highly talented work of art, tantamount to the destruction of a Raphael painting."

The authors of the letter proposed to develop a project for the reconstruction of Sretenskaya Square within a month, which would resolve the transport problem while preserving the Sukharev Tower. Architect Fomin soon presented this project - with a circular movement around the square. There were other options - to allow transport to pass to the west of the tower, move it to another place, or build a tunnel for transport. All this, alas, was not destined to come true.

During the dismantling of the Sukharev Tower, one of the window frames on the third floor was preserved and moved to the Donskoy Monastery, where it was embedded in the monastery wall. The clock from the Sukharev Tower is now installed on the tower of the Front Gate of the Kolomenskoye estate. The foundations of the tower have also been preserved, but are hidden under the modern square.

In the 1980s, the Moscow Executive Committee decided to restore the tower. A competition for projects was announced, but none of them were accepted. Now the only reminder of the existence of the Sukharev Tower is a memorial sign in the park on the Garden Ring.

The Palace of the Soviets in Moscow was designed as a gigantic building 420 meters high, crowned by a 70 meter high statue of Lenin. Thus, the building was to become the tallest in the world. The site where the Cathedral of Christ the Savior previously stood was allocated for construction. The project was proposed by Boris Iofan, and the work on the monument to Lenin was entrusted to Sergei Merkurov. Construction was interrupted with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and was never resumed.

Zaryadye

In keeping with the new aesthetic, the Soviet government planned to double Red Square, and central squares- named after Nogin, Dzerzhinsky, Sverdlov and the Revolution to be reconstructed within three years. They wanted to free the territory of Kitay-Gorod from the existing small buildings, with the exception of individual large structures, and instead build several monumental buildings of national importance.

Eighth Stalin's skyscraper was supposed to become an administrative building in Zaryadye. The 32-story skyscraper, founded on the day of Moscow's 800th anniversary, was never completed. All erected structures were dismantled, and in 1964-1967 the Rossiya Hotel was built on the remaining foundation.

Zakrestovsky overpass

The decision to open the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition (VDNH) influenced the reconstruction of 1st Meshchanskaya Street and Yaroslavskoe Highway. Yaroslavka was separated from 1st Meshchanskaya by the paths of Oktyabrskaya railway, through which the old overpass was thrown. Its width was so small that even tram rails could only be laid in one thread.

The first architectural design project was completed in 1935 by architect Mikhail Zhirov. The structure was supposed to have dimensions unprecedented for Moscow: its width was 40 meters. Zhirov’s project was not approved, and further work on the overpasses was entrusted to a team consisting of engineer Yuri Werner and brother architects Konstantin and Yuri Yakovlev. Construction began in 1936 and was completed two years later.

TASS House

In 1934-1935, a competition was announced for the construction of the TASS building. It took place in three rounds, and a new location was chosen for the building - Pushkinskaya Square. The author of one of the projects was Leonid Grinshpan, a famous architect of the post-constructivist era. However, his plans were never put into practice. The existing building of the Russian Information Telegraph Agency was built in 1976 on Tverskoy Boulevard according to the design of architects Viktor Egerev, Anatoly Shaikhet, Zoya Abramova and Gennady Sirota.

Large Academic Cinema on Teatralnaya Square

The Big Academic Cinema is a large public building, which, according to the Moscow reconstruction plan, was to be built on Sverdlov Square (current Teatralnaya Square), opposite the building Bolshoi Theater. Since cinema was recognized as “the most important of the arts,” the new cinema had to be architecturally subordinate to the Bolshoi Theater building. The cinema should surpass the Bolshoi in size: the theater had two thousand seats, and the Bolshoi cinema was supposed to have four thousand (later, however, this figure dropped to three thousand seats).

A competition for the project of the Bolshoi Academic Cinema was announced in the fall of 1936, but all projects were ultimately considered unsuccessful; all the proposed buildings suffered from gigantomania, which they were just beginning to vigorously fight against. Despite the fact that the cinema never appeared on the square, it was to his project that we owe the creation of the combined lobby of the Ploshchad Revolyutsii and Ploshchad Sverdlova stations.

Pantheon of Glory

The Pantheon in Moscow is an unrealized project of a memorial tomb, a “monument eternal glory great people of the Soviet country,” where the sarcophagi of Lenin and Stalin were to be moved, as well as “the remains of outstanding figures of the Communist Party and the Soviet state buried near the Kremlin wall.”

In 1953, immediately after Stalin's death, a competition for pantheon designs was announced, but its specific location was not specified. The central authorities began to receive numerous projects, many of which overlapped with those that appeared during the competition for the construction of the Palace of the Soviets.

Monument to the Chelyuskinites

Return from the pole of the Chelyuskinites, taken from the ice floe by Soviet pilots (they, by the way, became the first Heroes Soviet Union), became a national holiday. Therefore, the Moscow City Council announced a competition for the design of the monument. The monument was planned to be placed on the spit of the Obvodny Canal (now at this place there is a monument in honor of Peter I Zurab Tsereteli).

Children's railway in the Park of Culture and Leisure named after I.V. Stalin (Izmailovsky Park)

In 1932-1933, a children's railway already existed in Moscow - in the children's town Central Park culture and recreation named after Gorky. By the end of the 1930s it was closed.

The city-wide park of culture and recreation named after Stalin in Izmailovo (now Izmailovsky Park). The master plan for the development of Moscow envisaged turning this park into the main recreation area for Muscovites. The USSR Central Stadium named after Stalin for 100 thousand spectators was to be located near the northwestern entrance. In the eastern part of the park it was planned to open the world's largest zoo, and in the center of the park, in the floodplain of the Serebryanka River, to develop a huge pond with an area of more than 110 hectares with well-groomed beaches for 10 thousand people, a yacht club and a racing boat station.

The children's railway was supposed to connect all the cultural and entertainment facilities of the park and become the main mode of transport. When creating it, it was decided to abandon the practice that had developed in those years of designing children's roads by children or young professionals in their free time. A competition was announced for the best design of a children's road and all its structures. According to its terms, the architecture of the station buildings had to be at the same quality level as the Moscow metro, the Moscow-Volga canal structures, the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, and be a shining example of “joyful Soviet architecture.” Particular attention was paid to the variety of styles, and therefore each of the participants prepared a project not for the entire road, but only for one of the stations. The results of the architectural competition were summed up in the spring of 1940.

In 1940-1941, Moscow children's technical stations and pioneer palaces recruited young railway workers into circles. From the very first day they were distributed among services (traffic, traction, carriage, and so on). In the spring of 1941, having completed the initial theoretical course, the guys began practical training. But since the road had not yet been built at that time, classes were held at the enterprises of the Moscow railway junction. For example, young locomotives, under the guidance of experienced drivers, drove passenger trains from Savyolovsky station.

June 20, 1941 final version The children's railway project was submitted for approval. And two days later the Great Patriotic War began. After the war, attempts were made repeatedly to return to the issue of building a children's railway, but all of them were unsuccessful.

What the streets we are used to might look like

Ambitious city reconstruction projects have affected almost all the central streets and squares of our city. Manezhnaya Square, Tverskaya, and Kursky Station could look completely different from what we are used to.

On December 30, 1922, the creation of the USSR was proclaimed at the first Congress of Soviets. At the same time, S. M. Kirov put forward an ambitious idea - to build the Palace of the Soviets, which would become a symbol of the country. However, the implementation of the idea began only in 1931. At every stage - from design to preparation for implementation and the start of grandiose construction - the Palace of the Soviets was a structure the likes of which did not exist in the world.

Struggle of architectural styles

In June 1931, a competition for projects was announced. A few months later, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was destroyed. The “outdated”, according to the plans of the authorities, had to give way to the new. Both professional architects and ordinary citizens of the Union applied for the competition. The great French architect Le Corbusier was also among the competition participants.

The works of B. Iofan, I. Zholtovsky and G. Hamilton entered the second round. All three projects were designed in a monumental style. Later, this style would be called the “Stalinist Empire style”. The choice of these projects marked the end of the era of Soviet constructivism - lightness and delicacy gave way to pomp and massiveness. Offended by the neglect of his thoughtful project, Le Corbusier wrote: “The people love royal palaces.”

In 1933, the winner was determined - construction was to be carried out according to the design of B. Iofan. But the winning sketch was very different from the final version.

Transformation of an idea

The famous tower with the figure of Lenin was not in the first sketch: the Palace of the Soviets looked like a complex of buildings, and on the tower there was a figure of the Liberated Proletarian. Gradually, the tower acquired a level structure, and the accompanying buildings were removed. The height of the building was supposed to be 420 meters, of which 100 was the height of the statue.

The grandiose statue of Lenin (one of the leader’s fingers was the size of a two-story house) on top appeared only in 1939. The idea to make the building a pedestal did not belong to Iofan, but to the Italian Brasini. Iofan himself wanted to place the monument in front of the Palace, but the authorities liked Brazini’s proposal.

In the central part of the Palace it was envisaged Big hall for 22 thousand people. The stage was in the middle, the rows of spectators walked like an amphitheater. Next to it there was a foyer, utility rooms, and the Small Hall. In the high-rise part there were chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Presidium, and offices.

Grand construction

According to the project, for the construction of the Palace and the entire infrastructure it would have been necessary to demolish almost everything historical Buildings Volkhonki. It was supposed to make a grandiose parking lot, a square filled with concrete, move the Pushkin Museum to them. A. S. Pushkin.

At the construction site, for the first time in the USSR, a preliminary analysis of the soil was carried out using core drilling - a number of wells were drilled to a depth of 60 meters and the composition of the soil was analyzed. The location turned out to be successful - there were dense limestones and a rocky “island” in this area. To prevent groundwater from eroding the foundation, bitumenization was used for the first time: almost 2,000 wells were drilled around the foundation pit and bitumen was poured into them. Additionally, water pumps were installed and an insulating coating was added.

For the final cladding of the grandiose structure, a stone processing plant was built, which later “helped” make Moscow granite: it processed stone panels for the subway, bridges and houses. [C-BLOCK]

To produce concrete for the Palace, a factory was founded near it. The construction of the foundation (also designed in a special way - in the form of rings) required 550 thousand cubic meters of concrete. The diameter of each ring was about one and a half hundred meters. 34 columns were installed on them. The cross-sectional area of one column was 6 square meters. m. A car could fit on such a column.

The frame of the building was created from a special grade of steel created specifically for construction - “DS”. The auxiliary frame, which directed the load onto the main one, was made of corrosion-resistant steel and was simpler. Near Lenin Mountains a factory was founded where the elements were prepared for installation.

They decided to mount the main frame on concrete rings. To lift the beams, cranes were supposed to be assembled on these rings. The higher, the fewer cranes: the installation of the statue had to be carried out by only one crane.

Final construction

The project was supposed to be completed by 1942. In 1940, the frame reached seven floors, but the war began. High-quality steel was required for the production of anti-tank hedgehogs, and the frame had to be dismantled. After the war, the country did not have the resources for such structures. The project was moved to Vorobyovy Gory, where the Moscow State University building gradually grew up instead of the Palace. The high-rise buildings were based on Iofan’s design, and the common features are clearly visible.

Another trace of the project is the Kropotkinskaya metro station - it was conceived as an underground lobby of the Palace and was built on a maximum scale.

One of the most ambitious construction projects in the USSR is the unfinished Palace of the Soviets, which they tried to build in the 30s and 50s. The purpose of its construction was to demonstrate the power and greatness of socialism.

Beginning of work

The idea of constructing a building of this scale first appeared in 1922 during the First Congress of Soviets. The purpose of the construction was to show the greatness of the city, to indicate that it is the center of the world, to create a unified composition of high-rise buildings in the center of the capital. The Palace of the Soviets was never built, but thanks to this plan, domestic architecture began to actively develop, and a new direction emerged, which was called “Stalinist classicism.”

The year 1931 was marked by a large-scale international competition, the purpose of which was to identify the best architect and the design of the building itself, which would become the center of the city. Soviets involved not only erecting a monument on the roof of the largest building in the city, but also surrounding it with majestic buildings that were supposed to indicate the greatness of the state and capture the imagination of ordinary citizens of the country.

In addition to professionals, ordinary citizens, as well as works by architects from other countries, also took part in the competition. However most of projects did not satisfy the put forward requirements or did not meet the ideology of the country, so the competition was continued among real applicants from five groups, which included B. M. Iofan.

Over the two years of the competition, participants created more than 20 projects. The results of the competition were announced on May 10 when the commission decided to accept the project of B. M. Iofan, as well as to use the best techniques and parts of the projects of other architects, involving them in working on the building project.

Construction and war

1939 marked the beginning of construction. The next party congress decided to end it in 1942, but this was not destined to happen.

Of course, the idea was grandiose. In addition to the fact that the Palace of Soviets of the USSR was supposed to rise 420 meters in height, the height of its ceilings inside was supposed to be about 100 meters. The hall where it was planned to hold sessions of the Supreme Council could accommodate (according to the project) 21,000 people, but the small hall could accommodate 6,000 guests.

The chief architect was not happy about the fact that a statue of Lenin would have to be installed on the building, since the architecture of the building would immediately fade next to the majesty of the leader. However, under pressure from the co-authors of the project, he had to give in.

Construction began without any problems, but all work was suspended. Over time, the Palace of the Soviets was left without a metal frame. It was seized for the needs of industry, which at that time was in dire need of metal.

After the end of the war, all the resources left for the construction of the building were used to rebuild the country, so construction never began.

Afterwards, his regime was severely criticized, as was the construction project itself. Therefore, Khrushchev decided to hold a competition for new project and an architect. However, the competition did not reveal anything interesting or new, so construction was never continued.

Today, from the grandiose construction of all times, only the foundation remains, on which the Cathedral of Christ the Savior is located today. The bunker of the Palace of the Soviets, which is located under the temple, contains many passages and secrets, but getting there is not as easy as we would like.