Tourism industry. Tourism industry, what is it? I. Definition of tourism

Tourism has long become profitable and occupies an important place in the economy. The tourism industry is characterized by dynamic development and high profitability. It ensures intensive growth in many industries and the generation of new jobs.

Tourism business structure

Many enterprises from different industries and non-material spheres take part in the production, promotion and organization of tourism consumption. Only a few of them are directly engaged in serving vacationers:

provision of transport services;
providing accommodation and food;
organizing excursion and entertainment programs.

Transport service

The transport component of the tourism industry accounts for a significant portion of the cost of a vacation. Without the services of transport companies, travel is impossible. With the expansion of demand for tourist trips, the transport infrastructure of the region is also developing, which has a beneficial effect on other sectors of the economy. In the field of travel transport services, the main share falls on, especially when moving over long distances.

Road transport plays an important role in the tourism industry. Tourists often rent to travel around the country. Excursion tours by bus around the cities are especially popular. They compete with railway transport, which has lower tariffs and a system of discounts that allows you to save on travel. For cruise sea or river travel, the tourism industry uses water transport. Its advantages:

high level of comfort;
simultaneous accommodation of a large number of tourists;
full living conditions;
travel safety guarantees.

However, due to the high cost of cruise flights, they are classified as elite types.

Entertainment industry

The main purpose of consuming tourism services is the opportunity to restore physical and spiritual strength by obtaining vivid emotions. Therefore, the basis is travel for the purpose of recreation and entertainment. The entertainment sector today represents one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. The system of entertainment activities creates positive memories for tourists, which form the main part of a real vacation. Popular events:

excursions allow you to get acquainted with natural or historical attractions;
amusement parks are a good place for a family holiday with children - Disney Land or Dreamland in Japan;
gambling business is the most profitable sector of the tourism industry;
virtual entertainment of computer attractions or the famous nightclubs of the island of Ibiza.

Some events are so popular and spectacular that special tours are created just for one show. This may include:

world-class sporting events, such as the FIFA World Cup or the Olympic Games;
concerts of your favorite bands or music and theater festivals.

Supply system

The tourism industry also includes national cuisine, which is unique in each country. It is closely connected with the history, traditions, climatic features and way of life of a particular region. Culinary participants are attracted by the legends and interesting facts associated with it. The food system is one of the main services in the tourism market and includes a variety of enterprises - restaurants, bars, cafes. Most often they are part of the hotel structure of the tourism industry, but they can also be autonomous. Among the latest trends in public catering are:

return to the classic restaurant menu with a selection of popular dishes;
preparing high-quality dishes from affordable and budget products;
special attention paid to children's menus by reducing the amount of chemical additives and changing cooking technology;
providing the consumer with complete information about the composition of products;
expansion of field service.

The development of restaurant cuisine in the global tourism industry involves:

expansion of family farms, development of farms for raising chickens, shrimp, cattle, production of other environmentally friendly products that become necessary for the consumer;
Expensive seafood will be replaced by more affordable ones;
strong alcoholic drinks and coffee will be replaced by wines, juices, tea;
Original seasonings and spices will be used in preparing dishes.

An analysis of the state of the modern tourism industry indicates increased competition in this area. Today, Europe is the leader in the tourism services market. It accounts for more than 70% of global tourist flows and approximately 60% of cash receipts. The attractiveness of European countries in terms of tourism is explained by:

high incomes of the population;
an abundance of architectural and historical monuments located in geographical proximity;
the diversity and beauty of natural landscapes;
well developed tourist infrastructure.

Today, the tourism industry around the world is experiencing unprecedented growth. Main reasons:

improving the quality of life of citizens;
increasing the duration of vacations;
political stability;
growth in the number of business trips.

Thanks to its quick payback, tourism can become an effective tool for developing the economy of depressed regions.

Course work

Discipline: "Organization of the tourism industry"

on the topic: “Tourism industry and its components”

Introduction

1 The concept of the tourism industry

2 Components of the tourism industry

2.1 Hotel industry

2.2 Transport industry

2.3 Food industry0

2.4 Entertainment industry

Analysis of the state of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation

1. Features of the development of the hotel industry in the Russian Federation

2 The current state of the transport industry in the Russian Federation

Conclusion

Applications

Introduction

Tourism in the imagination of most people is associated with relaxation, new experiences, and pleasure. It has firmly entered the life of man with his natural desire to discover and learn about unexplored lands, monuments of nature, history and culture, customs and traditions of different peoples. It is less known that tourism is a type of human activity whose history begins long before the emergence of civilized society. In every historical era there are elements of human activity that, one way or another, fall under the category of tourism. Tourism plays a big role in modern society. The importance of tourism in the lives of people, regions, states and in international life today cannot be overestimated. Currently, tourism is a powerful industry that includes various forms.

Therefore, the development of the tourism industry is a pressing topic that should be given great attention, which will be done in this course work. Hence:

The purpose of the work is to study the tourism industry.

The subject of the course work is the tourism industry.

Object - components of the tourism industry.

Therefore, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve several problems:

Explore the concept of the tourism industry.

Consider all components of the tourism industry.

Analyze the state of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation.

The work itself consists of two chapters. The first chapter is theoretical, which will cover the basic concepts of the industry. The second chapter is practical. It will examine all segments of the industry, and will also make recommendations on improving tourism components in the Russian Federation.

The essence of the tourism industry and its components

hotel transport entertainment tourist

1.1 The concept of the tourism industry

The main purpose of this chapter is to explore the definition of the tourism industry and consider all its different forms.

There are many definitions of the tourism industry. One of the first and most successful was given by the UN Conference on Trade and Development in 1971. According to him, the tourism industry is a set of production and non-production activities aimed at creating goods and services for travelers.

With the adoption of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation” in 1996, the legal and statistical prerequisites for the creation of the tourism industry were laid. After this, a more specific definition of the industry was given. The tourism industry is a set of hotels and other accommodation facilities, means of transport, public catering facilities, entertainment facilities and means, educational, business, recreational, sports and other facilities, organizations engaged in tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as organizations providing excursion services and services of guides and translators.

Fig. 1.1.1 Structure of the tourism industry

In addition to these enterprises, those organizations that can exist without tourists, but whose activities expand when they are in tourist destinations, are also engaged in serving tourists. These are car rental companies, car fleets that provide buses for excursion services for tourists, as well as restaurants, cafes, sports clubs, museums, theaters and cinemas, zoos and even casinos.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion that the concept of the tourism industry has many options, but not all of them accurately express the essence of this activity.

2 Components of the tourism industry

2.1 Hotel industry

The work should consider in more detail the components of this industry, specifically the hotel, transport, food and entertainment industries. The most important component of the tourism industry is the hotel industry. Tourism is impossible in the absence of tourist accommodation facilities. This is an immutable and strict requirement of the economy of any tourist region or center, hungry for solid and large incomes from receiving tourists and exploiting its tourist resources - natural, historical and socio-cultural, as well as other objects that can satisfy the spiritual needs of tourists, contribute to the restoration and development of their physical strength. First, let's look at the hotel industry.

Fig.1.2.1 Structure of the hospitality industry

The hotel industry is the basis of the hospitality system. It comes from ancient traditions inherent in almost any history of mankind, namely respect for the guest, the celebration of his reception and service. (Annex 1). The hospitality industry consists of various means of collective and individual accommodation.

Collective accommodation facilities for tourists include hotels and specialized establishments. Hotels are the main classic type of tourist accommodation enterprises. One of the main features of hotels should be noted, first of all, the availability of rooms. Depending on the management features, hotels can be separate enterprises or form hotel chains. A chain refers to a group of enterprises engaged in collective business and under the direct control of the chain’s management. There is even a certain classification of these enterprises, namely general hotels, apartment-type hotels, motels, roadside hotels, resort hotels, residential clubs, etc. Hotels provide a list of mandatory services: room cleaning, daily making of beds and cleaning of the sanitary facilities, as well as an extensive range of additional services.

Specialized establishments are also designed to serve tourists. They don't have numbers. Here the initial unit can be a dwelling, a collective bedroom, or a playground. Specialized establishments provide places to stay overnight, but the function of accommodating tourists is not their main function. Examples of such institutions are health institutions (sanatoriums, rehabilitation centers), labor and recreation camps, public means of transport equipped with sleeping quarters (trains, ships).

Individual accommodation facilities are provided for a fee, for rent, or free of charge. These include own homes, rented rooms in family houses, rented accommodation from individuals or agencies (cottages or mansions).

Thus, accommodation facilities and systems - the main facilities - are buildings of various types and types (from a hut or bungalow to a super-giant hotel), adapted specifically for receiving and organizing overnight stays for temporary visitors with different levels of service. The number of beds in the hotel industry is the most important indicator used to assess the potential of the center where tourists are received. Today, the hospitality industry is a powerful tourist center system and an important component of the tourism economy.

2.2 Transport industry

Transport travel is travel by organized groups of tourists with vouchers (vouchers) along developed routes using various means of transport. Transport travel is classified according to: the method of travel on the route, the type of transport used, the construction of the route, the duration of the trip, its seasonality, etc.

Air transport: scheduled flights, other air transport;

Water transport: passenger lines and ferries, cruises and others

Land transport: railway transport; intercity and city buses. It is these types of transport that are most popular when traveling (about 90% of the total).

When planning his trip and choosing transport, each tourist takes into account all the services that a particular transport provides him. Let's consider some services of each type of transport:

)Air Transport. Air transport services include:

at airports information on aircraft schedules, tariffs, transportation rules, rights and obligations of passengers, and weather conditions

at airports, provision of services in first aid stations, in mother and child rooms, long rest rooms for passengers, household services, etc.

during aircraft flight information about the location of cabins, emergency equipment

after the aircraft lands at the destination, assisting passengers during disembarkation and assistance with information about baggage collection

after the aircraft lands at the destination, information on ground transportation

)Water transport services.

in seaports, selling tickets and reserving seats on sea vessels

transportation of passengers by sea vessels on international, intercity and local lines

along the route of a sea vessel, information on the location of cabins, emergency equipment

provision of bedding along the route of the sea vessel

upon arrival of a sea vessel at its destination, providing assistance to passengers during disembarkation

)Land transport services.

along the train route, provision of household services (minor repairs of clothing, hygiene items, etc.)

upon arrival of the train to its destination, information about the place of baggage collection

at bus stations and passenger bus stations, providing information at the information desk or by telephone

tourist and excursion transportation of passengers by buses / in urban and suburban traffic

storage and delivery of items forgotten by passengers on buses

The larger the set of positive factors, the higher the cost of transport travel, but no vehicle satisfies the entire set of requirements. Based on this, let's summarize:

The high passenger capacity and comfort of travel on sea and river vessels is contrasted by their low mobility and speed of communication.

The high speed of delivery by plane with a fairly high level of service is associated with a high level of tariffs.

High mobility of road transport (buses and cars) is contrasted with low passenger capacity and low level of safety.

Each tourist, when choosing transport on his trip, will be guided by his own selection factors and preferences.

2.3 Food industry

Along with transport, food services are system-forming in tourism, with the help of which the physiological need of tourists for food is satisfied. The tourism industry is characterized by such types of food establishments as restaurants, cafes, bars, etc.

When organizing meals for tourists, various methods of service are used: “a la carte”, “a desk”, “table d’hote” and buffet. When using the "a la carte" method, guests choose what they like best from the food and drink menu. The order is transferred to the kitchen and cooking begins immediately.

“A part.” With this method of service, guests, having previously made an order, are served within a set period of time. Very common in holiday homes and resort hotels. "Table d'hote." Guests are served at the same time and according to the same menu.

The buffet presents a wide selection of dishes with free access: you can take whatever you want in the desired quantity from what is offered and displayed. Tourists are also offered meals in the room, service on the floor, mini-bars, etc. Tourists are provided with meals not only in their places of stay, but also while traveling by air, water and rail.

All services provided by the food industry are divided by their nature into material, household and cultural.

Material and household services are related to:

· sales of dishes, drinks, culinary and confectionery products;

· delivery of products according to consumer orders;

Serving and serving dishes;

·collecting used dishes and washing them.

Cultural services:

·musical programms;

·concerts;

·organization of evening meetings.

The idea of the food industry will be incomplete if we ignore an important area of its work, such as organizing cultural leisure for tourists. A catering establishment not only performs its direct function of preparing dishes, drinks and serving visitors, but also provides an opportunity to have fun and get a vivid and unforgettable experience.

Particularly popular among tourists are drinking and gastronomic tours that introduce the national cuisine of different countries. During such trips, tourists become familiar with local customs and often become participants in various folklore festivals.

Food is a service associated not only with satisfying a person’s biological need for food, but also with satisfying the need for entertainment, knowledge of local culture and pleasure.

2.4 Entertainment industry

One of the purposes of people's travel is entertainment. Having received an overnight stay and food, the tourist is eager to have fun and relax. The ancient Roman thesis of “Bread and Circuses” was and remains relevant to this day. Entertainment is not only fun and pleasure, but also a global industry. Entertainment is one of the main motives of tourism; not a single trip can do without it. People hit the road for new experiences, positive emotions and thrills. The entertainment industry includes enterprises whose main activities are related to satisfying human needs for entertainment: circuses, zoos, game arcades, attractions, recreation parks, etc. A variety of entertainment enterprises, including stationary and traveling theaters, cinemas, art studios, concert organizations and groups also provide entertainment processes.

Fig. 1.2.2 Structure of the leisure industry

The entertainment industry plays a certain role in tourism. Since, as it turned out, almost all components of tourism are related to entertainment, both the hotel industry and the food industry. The entertainment industry not only relaxes and relieves people of stress, but it also solves the problem of educating and creating an optimistic mood in people.

For example, with the help of a theme park, which is a center for family recreation and entertainment. In order to unite people of different ages and attract the adult population, the topic should be not only entertaining, but also informational and educational. Among the main secrets of the success of theme parks is the use of high technology.

Let us come to the conclusion that the entire structure of the tourism industry has a number of complexes in this business, namely, firstly, passenger transport with its extensive network of technical services. Secondly, various specialized tourism enterprises and enterprises in industries that do not have a pronounced tourist character; thirdly, a wide range of services used by tourists. If at least one of these complexes is not at a high level, the tourist’s trip will not be successful.

2. Analysis of the state of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation

1 Features of the development of the hotel industry in the Russian Federation

This part of the work is devoted to a practical consideration of the tourism industry in a certain territory, namely the Russian Federation.

The beginning of the development of the hotel industry in Russia is associated with the growth of industrial production and the expansion of trade relations in the 18th-19th centuries. At this time, the population of cities is growing, the intensity of people moving around the country is increasing, and new hotels are opening. In 1818, 7 hotels were operating in Moscow. In St. Petersburg in 1900 there were 325 hotels. And by 1940, hotels had already been built in 669 cities. During the Great Patriotic War, enormous damage was caused to the entire national economy, including the hotel industry. In the post-war years, extensive work was carried out on the restoration, reconstruction and construction of new hotels. In accordance with the general trend of the post-war years, hotel interiors were given palace splendor. The requirements for furniture, equipment, and lighting were not so much functional as aesthetic. This created the preconditions for the development of domestic tourism and an increase in the number of business travelers and vacationers.

Along with general hotels, intensive construction of departmental hotels, boarding houses, campsites, motels, tourist centers and camps was carried out in the country. Such intensive development of the hotel industry was accompanied by preparations for the XXII Olympic Games. The hotel industry of the USSR at that time consisted of 7,000 hotels with a total capacity of 700 thousand beds. One of the largest hotels in the country was the Izmailovo hotel complex, designed for 10 thousand beds. Using the example of the figure, we will consider the leading hotel markets of the world in the 20th century.

Fig.2.1.1 Leading hotel markets in the world

But with the beginning of the new century and the spread of market relations in the economy, the hotel industry in Russia received the next stage of its development, one of the main features of which was the quality of the hotel services offered, their individuality and diversity. The rapid development of the hotel business has made it possible to almost double the number of hotels. In 2010, there were about 11,700 accommodation facilities in Russia with a total number of rooms - 600,000. The largest of which are the Empire Heliopark hotel located in the center of Moscow, near the Belorusskaya metro station and Tverskaya street, the cost of a room starts from 7,000 rubles, and the hotel Astoria St. Petersburg room rates start from 10,000.

Fig.2.1.2 Correlation of placements in Russia, 2010

It is impossible not to say about modern trends in the hotel business in the Russian Federation. The development of the hotel business in Russia and abroad is accelerating. Recently, hoteliers have begun to open up new prospects for modernizing hotel services. If earlier Moscow hotels surprised guests with their rich infrastructure, now almost every four- and five-star hotel has its own nightclub, bar, restaurant, entertainment center, swimming pool, solarium, etc.

In conclusion, I would like to note that this is the most dynamically developing industry in the service sector, generating multimillion-dollar profits across the national economies of many countries. Also, as part of the tourism business, the hotel business has enormous development potential for the Russian market.

2 The current state of the transport industry in the Russian Federation

Transport is one of the most important components of the material base of the economy of any country. Since ancient times, transport has been the engine of progress. Man used any available means to transport people and goods. With the invention of the wheel, and somewhat later of various types of engines, man began to correspondingly develop means of transportation: carts, carriages, steamships, steam locomotives, airplanes, etc. Currently, transport is one of the most important components of the economy of a state, both developing and and with a highly developed economic and social base. Transport is a leading factor in the development of tourism.

In the 20th century A powerful transport system was created in Russia. The length of the communication network of all types of transport today is about 5 million km. With the development of tourism in Russia, transport routes are constantly expanding, since the increase in demand for travel has a positive impact on the development of transport infrastructure, and they also account for the main share in the structure of the tour price. Depending on the duration and distance of the trip, this share (in most cases) ranges from 20 to 60%. Various types of transport are used by tourism organizations in Russia to transport tourists while traveling.

Aviation transport. The largest number of tourists, especially those traveling long distances, use aviation services. In this case, the plane can, figuratively speaking, be called a transport of individuals. The most massive flows of tourists traveling for resort, business, and entertainment purposes are individual tourists. And they are the ones who most often use air transport.

Currently, 315 airlines operate in the air transportation market in Russia. Of these, 96 are licensed to operate scheduled flights and carry 99% of the total volume of air passengers. Transportation volumes are distributed unevenly among airlines. Russia's eighteen largest airlines carry about 75% of passengers, 94 airlines operating scheduled flights serve approximately 23% of passengers, and the remaining 276 airlines, which usually operate one-time flights, account for about 1% of passenger traffic. Aeroflot remains the undisputed leader of the Russian airline business. Aeroflot Russian International Airlines is the national flag carrier of Russia.

The main competitor of air transport in the Russian Federation is the railway. The advantage of rail transportation is also lower tariffs and an extensive system of discounts, travel tickets, etc., allowing you to travel at significantly lower prices

Russia is a great railway power. The presence of a dense network of railways, especially in the European part of the country, makes it possible to organize train tour routes that are varied in geographical location, form and content. When organizing tourist routes by rail, you should remember that the railway network of our country is divided into several roads according to territorial principles. The European part of Russia is more developed, the eastern part (Siberia and the Far East) is less developed. Transportation of tourists by scheduled (regular) trains is carried out on the rights of ordinary passengers with railway tickets. A passenger, by purchasing a ticket or travel document, commits an act of unconditional adherence to the rules for the carriage of passengers and their luggage established on a given road (tram, metro). Ticket stock - a form or form of a ticket, which may contain various columns about changes, confirmation of the ticket, as well as various stamps confirming its validity.

But in connection with the World Cup, which will be held in Russia in 2018, the railway network will change for the better. The scale of the planned transformations is easy to explain: in its application, our country identified 13 cities in which 64 matches would be played. And if you take into account that each stadium accommodates from 40 to 90 thousand people, then you can imagine the flow of passengers that all types of transport and especially railways will encounter, on which a special emphasis has been placed on the eve of the World Cup. By 2018, foreign tourists and Russian fans should not have problems moving around. The cities where the championship matches will be held will be connected by high-speed, high-speed and accelerated rail services, such as Sapsan.

Water transport, river and sea transport in themselves already evoke the image of a tourist - cruise service and are used quite actively in tourism. Water travel has a number of both advantages and disadvantages compared to other modes of transport. The most significant advantages are a high level of comfort, a large volume of one-time load, the ability to implement various types and purposes of tourism (educational, business tourism, educational, shopping tourism, etc.), good rest, and a full range of life support. Sea cruises are one of the most comfortable, and therefore most expensive types of vacation. Prices for Russian water travel are five times lower than worldwide prices due to lower freight rates for ships and cheaper service. For this reason, competition in the domestic cruise market exists only between “our own” travel agencies and is almost absent with foreign ones.

The main disadvantages of this transport include the low speed of travel, high tariffs, limited mobility, and often the susceptibility of some people to seasickness on sea cruises. The Russian Federation has unique opportunities for organizing river travel. Rivers, lakes and canals in the European part made it possible to connect the Baltic, White, Azov, Black and Caspian seas, and Moscow became a port of five seas. As you know, Russia has the largest network of rivers. The length of exploited inland waterways is about 100 thousand km, of which more than 16 are artificially created canals and reservoirs. A convenient, efficient water transport route connects the North-Western, Central and Southern regions of the country. I would also like to mention popular water routes in Russia. Some of the most popular rivers are the Moscow River and the Neva, on which interesting and educational excursions are held, both within the capitals and between them. Travel from Moscow is the most popular<#"justify">I would like to start this part by considering the entertainment component of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation.

Today there is a full range of entertainment, as they say, according to taste and color. In Russia, this series is also well represented. This can be seen in the example of the Krasnodar company Yugis LLC. The largest project ending 2012 was in Gudermes as part of the expansion of the Grozny City shopping center network. In a fairly short period of time, the designers developed a project for the entertainment part of UNICRON, consisting of the newest entertainment machines: shooting and racing simulators from SEGA and Namco; the small children's town of RIO, an area filled with a labyrinth from the company's partners, also became a corner for the little ones. At exhibitions in 2013, the company also plans to show customers unique toys and gadgets for redemption stores and vending machines at an affordable price and unique design. It is noticeable that the entertainment segment is developing only in the gaming direction; museums and various exhibitions have lost their popularity.

In order for the entertainment segment in Russia to gain momentum, it needs to be improved; this can be done, for example, by increasing the quality of theme parks that will comply with all the rules and will not disappoint either the Russians themselves or the tourists visiting this country. It is also necessary to continue updating slot machines and entertainment areas not only for children, but also for their parents.

The food industry in the Russian Federation can be improved with the help of: high-quality service, a varied range of dishes and additional services, a cozy interior and, of course, licensing certification of all food establishments, which is absent in most cases.

The transport industry is an important component in the Russian tourism industry, which also needs improvement. The most important thing is that every transport in the Russian Federation provides people with 100% safety. On planes and trains, tourists visiting Russia were given free catalogs with the sights of our country or free dictionaries for foreigners who did not know our language. The buses were spacious, neat and clean. Well, not too inflated tariffs.

The hospitality industry is considered, in comparison with others, the most developed component of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation. It is necessary that every hotel in Russia have a card system. Namely: payment for meals and other services will be reproduced using the card, which will make it easier for tourists to stay at the hotel. Also important is the issue of hospitality, that is, the appropriate rules of decency and behavior of the Russians themselves, so that they greet our guests with friendliness and they do not feel any pressure from the local population.

If all components of the tourism industry are brought into balance, incoming tourism indicators will constantly increase. Because the needs of tourists will be taken into account and people who visit our country will talk about the high level of service and new technologies that they have not encountered abroad. And most importantly, they will return and visit the Russian Federation more and more often, which will lead to an increase in the country’s economic profit.

Conclusion

Having examined the main features and key elements of the tourism industry, and in particular using the example of the countries of the Russian Federation, the following conclusions can be formulated.

The components of the tourism industry considered in the work are the most profitable and rapidly developing, which have important social and economic significance. Namely: it increases local income, creates new jobs, develops all sectors related to the production of tourism services, activates the activities of folk craft centers and cultural development, ensures an increase in the standard of living of the local population, and increases foreign exchange earnings.

The analyzed areas have enormous potential, but we should not forget about the negative impact of the industry. The disadvantages of tourism development are manifested in the fact that tourism: affects the rise in prices, contributes to the outflow of money abroad during tourist imports and causes environmental problems.

It turned out that one of the most important components of the tourism industry is the hotel industry. She is interested in welcoming and accommodating tourists hospitably. Then comes the food industry, transport and entertainment, each of these components, as it turned out, is integral in the tourism industry.

Based on all this, we can come to the conclusion that the tourism industry has a unique structure. All segments of the tourism industry are interconnected and dependent on each other, therefore the complete and comprehensive satisfaction of tourism needs requires the coordinated work of the entire set of funds, facilities and organizations of the tourism industry.

List of used literature

2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 2007 No. 452 “On approval of the rules for the provision of services for the sale of tourism products”<#"justify">7. Chudnovsky A.D., Zhukova M.A. Management of the Russian tourism industry in modern conditions: a textbook. - M.: KNORUS, - 2007.-416 p.

Economics and tourism organization. International tourism /under

ed. I.A. Ryabova, Yu.V. Zabaeva, E.L. Drachevoy. - M.: Knorus, 2008. - 576 p.

Annex 1

"Code of Hospitality in the Republic of Tatarstan"

Be ready to help. I will be happy to tell a tourist how to find the right street or house. I know and love my city, my republic. I, too, can get lost in a foreign city and I will be glad if they help me too.

Look around and be interested in what is happening. I live with my head held high. I am interested in everything that happens in my hometown, my republic. I am sure that it will be interesting for tourists too.

Smile: always. I'm happy. I live in one of the most beautiful republics of Russia. I want to be surrounded by happy people. I'm ready to smile first.

Be polite. I'm a cultured person. I respect myself, so I respect the people around me. I love my language and honor traditions. They mean a lot to me. They allow me to become a better person. I want everyone in my republic to live better, so I start with myself.

Show concern for the city. I enjoy walking around a clean city. Tatarstan is my home. I like to receive guests with a pure soul and in a clean home.

Believe in the best. Life only makes sense when I feel good. I myself can create an atmosphere of happiness around myself. I believe that everyone can. There are a lot of us. We will make our republic better.

Share and empathize. I help friends and people I don’t know very well, because I myself may find myself in a difficult situation. But more often I share my joy with others. Because I want to live in the happiest republic.

Develop and strive for new things. I'm always moving forward. I can be better. Everyone can be better. Together we are the best republic.

Be yourself. Our world is unique. My country is unlike any other. My republic is original and admired. I live in this republic. She wouldn't be the same without me. I give it personality.

Love. I love Tatarstan because Tatarstan is ME!

Appendix 2

“Approximate list of services provided by the restaurant”

122101 Restaurant catering services 122200 Services for the production of culinary products and confectionery products 122201 Production of culinary products and confectionery products according to consumer orders, including complex designs and with additional decoration at public catering establishments 122300 Services for the organization of consumption and maintenance 122303 Organization and servicing of celebrations, family dinners and ritual events 122310 Reservation of seats in the hall public catering establishments122313Organization of rational complex nutrition122500Leisure services122501Services for organizing musical services122600Information and advisory services122700Other public catering services122705Taxi calling upon request of the consumer (visitor of a public catering establishment)

The tourism industry is a system of production, transport, trading, service enterprises and accommodation facilities designed to meet the demand for tourism goods and services.

Particularly important for the international tourism industry is the issue of coordinating the activities of enterprises, tour operators and travel agencies from different countries, and the development of international standards regarding accommodation and catering facilities that are used around the world to serve tourists. To help agencies and tourists, there are translation agencies into English, German, Turkish, Arabic and other languages.

However, there are no uniform international standards yet. Each country has national standards, which can differ significantly from each other. For example, hotels differ not only in categories (except for “stars”, they can be classified by category), but also in the set (nomenclature) of services offered and requirements for the number of rooms. However, this does not mean that there are no general criteria at all that can be used as the basis for international standards.

During the second half of the 20th century. There have been repeated attempts to develop a unified global hotel classification system. The first steps in this direction were taken in 1952 by the International Union of Official Tourism Organizations (IUOTO), the predecessor of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). In 1976-1982, these developments were continued by the UNWTO regional commissions, as a result of which hotel classification systems were created and approved for each region. Despite this, many regional hotel classification systems are not mandatory, but recommendatory. According to experts (including experts from the International Hotel Association), adopting a single global classification standard is not only impossible, but also impractical, since many characteristics of a hotel simply cannot be compared, for example, by location (in the city center, at a resort, etc.) d.), by geographical and climatic zones.

In 1985, at the sixth session of the UNWTO General Assembly, the issue of harmonization of regional classification systems was discussed. The UNWTO Secretariat, in developing its recommendations, did not go beyond the standards approved by the regional commissions. Currently, the document “Interregional harmonization of hotel classification criteria based on classification standards approved by regional commissions” (UNWTO, Madrid, November 3, 1989) can be considered an international standard, but it is only advisory. It sets out the requirements for individual characteristics of the hotel industry depending on the category of the hotel.

Most countries have national standards; in addition, many hotel chains, especially of an international nature, uniting hotels located in different countries and regions, introduce their own standards, thereby ensuring maximum competitiveness of their enterprises.

Features and structure of the international tourism industry

It is advisable to consider tourism as an industry that produces products and also ensures their sale. The tourism industry consists of isolated, at first glance, types of activities (transport services, hotel services, activities of tour operators and travel agents, etc.), which in reality are interdependent and function through the cooperation of many enterprises - both small and very large. In addition, a large number of people who directly ensure the functioning of the market are involved in this activity: marketing and advertising specialists and, of course, retailers - travel agents. Tourism is also served by many other companies, including foreign exchange, lending, etc. Therefore, organizing this business requires great skill, practical experience and careful coordination.

Tourism industry- this is a set of accommodation facilities, vehicles, catering facilities, entertainment, educational, business, health, sports and other purposes, tour operators and travel agencies, excursion bureaus, guide-translator services.

Tourism demand is confronted with the specific supply of a range of products and services produced by an industry that is developing faster than any other.

Some tourism products are basic in satisfying the needs of tourists, others are additional or secondary, so it is very difficult to determine the limits of the tourism industry. For example, transport companies and hotel restaurants satisfy the needs of not only tourists, but other people can also use them. Therefore, the tourism sector can be considered in a narrow and broad sense. In the first sense, it covers enterprises that produce products and services only for tourists, in the second - enterprises that produce products and services not only for tourists, but also for all citizens who want to purchase a certain product (service), i.e. cater to the entire market.

Enterprises producing products and services for tourists can be divided into three groups;

Primary— intended directly for serving tourists (sanatoriums, boarding houses, camp sites, etc.). In a closed tourist and resort center, almost all enterprises located on its territory belong to this group.
Secondary— are intended to serve primarily tourists, although their services can also be used by local residents (catering establishments, cultural institutions, etc.).
Tertiary- as a rule, they are designed to serve local residents, but tourists can also use their services and satisfy their needs (public transport, post office, etc.).

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Nowadays it is impossible to imagine a large city without foreign tourists. Today they can be found everywhere - in Paris, London, Rome, New York, Moscow and other cities of the world. Today, the tourism industry has covered not only Europe, which is a traditional tourist center, but also the countries of America, Africa, Asia and Australia.

The tourism industry is a collection of accommodation facilities; Vehicle; food facilities, entertainment, educational, business, health, sports and other purposes; organizations engaged in tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as organizations providing excursion services and guide-translator services.

The tourism industry has a solid material and technical base, provides employment to a large number of people and interacts with all sectors of the economic complex.

In a broader sense, the tourism industry can be defined as an intersectoral complex, including: a) passenger transport (air, water, road, rail) with its extensive network of technical services; b) various specialized tourist enterprises and enterprises in industries that do not have a pronounced tourist character (in particular, transport engineering and automotive industry, fuel industry, capital and road construction, local souvenir manufacturing industry, food industry, many agricultural sectors, etc. .); c) a wide range of services used by tourists. The tourism industry is based on the material and technical base (MTB), which is the basis for the development of organized tourism. The material and technical base of tourism includes: travel companies

(tour operators and travel agents), hotels, tourist centers, catering and trading enterprises, motor transport enterprises, rental points for tourist equipment and inventory, tourist voucher sales offices, control and rescue services (posts), tourist clubs, stations, etc.

The classification of MTB tourism objects is based on three main features: types of services provided, economic elements, types of property of business entities. In general, the tourism industry is based on a base of natural resources. Such a base should be attractive to vacationers, preferably having untouched nature. Natural areas must be: a) of appropriate size to avoid overcrowding with tourists; b) protected from various risks, such as pollution, plant poisoning, the presence of dangerous animals, insects. Tourism development should take place in areas free from natural disasters (floods, drought, landslides, earthquakes).

Tourism is an industry that includes many types of activities. All segments of the tourism industry are interconnected and dependent on each other. For example, the success of a ski resort depends on the delivery of skiers to the slopes, the level of accommodation, food and other services offered to tourists during their holiday at the resort. Small businesses connected to ski resorts act as independent businesses, but in reality they are dependent on each other. This dependence requires a joint effort, however, their businesses compete and fight for the consumer market, which makes interaction difficult. Tourism for the world community has long been one of the most profitable and rapidly developing industries, generating about 10% of gross income. The high growth rate of tourism profitability is evidenced by the following data: if in 1950, receipts from world tourism amounted to 2.1 billion US dollars, then in 1998 - already 444.7 billion US dollars.

In many countries, tourism is one of the top three leading industries in the country, is developing at a fairly rapid pace and is of great social and economic importance, since:

* increases local income;
* creates new jobs;
* develops all industries related to the production of tourism services;
* develops social and industrial infrastructure in tourist centers;
* intensifies the activities of folk craft centers and cultural development;
* ensures an increase in the standard of living of the local population;
* increases foreign exchange earnings. The positive impact of tourism on the economy of a state occurs only when tourism in the country develops comprehensively, that is, it does not transform the country’s economy into a service economy. In other words, the economic efficiency of tourism suggests that tourism in the country should develop in parallel and in conjunction with other sectors of the socio-economic complex.

Enterprises and organizations of the tourism industry as a whole form the tourism industry with a complex economic cycle of production and sale of tourism products and related services. The tourism industry is a combination of hotels and other accommodation facilities, means of transport, facilities for sanatorium-resort treatment and recreation, public catering facilities, facilities and means of entertainment, educational, business, medical and recreational, physical education, sports and other purposes, organizations providing tour operator and travel agency activities, operators of tourist information systems, as well as organizations providing the services of tour guides (guides), guides-translators and instructors-guides.

The Russian tourism industry has a powerful and modern material and technical base, stable economic ties with many sectors of the national economic complex. The organization of services for tourists and sightseers and the provision of tourist excursion and related services are carried out by enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership and various types of activities:

enterprises providing accommodation services (hotels, motels, campsites, tourist centers, recreation centers, boarding houses, etc.);
transport enterprises (airlines, motor transport, railway, shipping enterprises, etc.);
enterprises of the sanatorium-resort complex (sanatorium, dispensary, hydropathic clinic, rest home, etc.);
catering establishments (restaurant, bar, cafe, canteen, snack bar);
enterprises and organizations providing entertainment services (theaters, cinema and concert halls, Disneyland, amusement parks, water parks, slot machine halls, etc.);
enterprises and organizations providing educational, business, physical education, sports and other services (museums, exhibition complexes, sports facilities, etc.);
organizations carrying out tour operator and travel agency activities (tour operator firms developing and selling tourism products; travel agent firms selling tourism products formed by tour operators);
operators of tourist information systems (regional tourist co-information centers, tourist Internet portals, etc.);
organizations providing the services of tour guides (guides), guides-translators and instructors-guides (tour bureaus, excursion centers, tourist clubs, etc.).

The work of service enterprises that provide a variety of services or produce goods for tourist, recreational and excursion purposes is closely related to the tourism industry. These are enterprises producing souvenirs, tourist goods (backpacks, bowlers, compasses, etc.), providing telecommunications and other services. Such wide interaction of direct and indirect participants in the tourism market allows us to consider the tourism industry as a national economic complex, called tourist and recreational complex.

A tourist and recreational complex is a set of enterprises operating to meet the needs of tourists, concentrated in a limited area that has tourist and recreational resources and a provided tourist infrastructure.

The following types of tourist and recreational complexes are distinguished:

tourist and educational;
tourist co-health (preventive);
sanatorium-resort (therapeutic);
consumer (hunting, fishing, gathering);
mixed.

The structure of the tourist and recreational complex is complex. The tourism and recreational complex includes enterprises of the tourism industry, various suppliers of tourism services and products, carrying out production and non-production activities (Fig. 2.1).

Rice. 2.1.

The formation of a tourist and recreational complex is possible only if there are resources involved in tourism turnover. Tourist resources, as a rule, are used at their location, therefore, producers of a tourism product, unlike suppliers of other services, include transport or walking components in its composition.

The sectoral structure of the tourism and recreational complex is assessed by a group of indicators or coefficients, the most important of which include the following:

growth rate of production of tourism services;
the share of the tourism industry in the total set of industries in terms of the volume of production of services and the value of fixed assets;
dynamics of changes in the number of tourism enterprises and personnel;
lead coefficient, showing the ratio of the actual growth rates of the tourism industry to the predicted growth rates;
elasticity coefficient of demand for tourism services, showing by what percentage the first indicator (for example, demand) will change when the second indicator (for example, price) changes by 1%.

As the processes of organizing tourism activities expand and become more complex, more and more new sectors and enterprises of the national economy are involved in tourism production. Trade enterprises, banks, and insurance companies provide services to tourists. The tourism industry is indirectly formed by enterprises that serve not only tourists, but also other groups of the population: cultural institutions, communications organizations, enterprises producing consumer goods, souvenirs, etc.

The development of the tourism industry depends on many factors operating in various combinations (Fig. 2.2). All these factors are closely interrelated and form varying degrees of tourist activity for both the local population and incoming tourists.