Tanzania is the capital and largest city. Description of Tanzania. Some information about Tanzania

And Zanzibar.

Capital of Tanzania. Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (actual).

Area of ​​Tanzania. 945087 km2.

Population of Tanzania.36200 thousand people

Location of Tanzania. Tanzania is a state in Eastern. In the north it borders with and, in the south - with, and, in the west - with Democratic Republic, And . In the east it is washed. Tanzania also owns the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.

Administrative divisions of Tanzania. The state is divided into 25 regions.

Form of government of Tanzania. Republic.

Head of State of Tanzania. The president.

Highest legislative body of Tanzania. National Assembly (parliament).

Highest executive body of Tanzania. Government.

Major cities in Tanzania. Zanzibar, Mwanza, Dar es Salaam, Tanga.

Official language of Tanzania. Swahili, English.

Religion of Tanzania. 50% are Christians, 30% are Muslims.

Ethnic composition of Tanzania. 99% are Africans (more than 120 groups in total), 0.2% - .

Currency of Tanzania. Tanzanian shilling = 100 cents.

Sights of Tanzania. In Dar es Salaam - National Museum(1937), in - the state museum of Zanzibar, in Tanga ethnographic museum-village - picturesque Amboni caves and ruins of the 16th century. Tourists are attracted primarily by nature reserves, safaris and the city.

Helpful information for tourists

Traditional souvenirs are products made from (ebony) wood, malachite, soapstone, and beads. In Tanzania, tanzanite is mined - a blue diamond; jewelry with tanzanite is an expensive and unique souvenir.

It is customary to tip driver-guides if you like their work. Mountain guides receive an average of $10 per day, cooks and porters - $5 each. At a hotel or inn, you can give 500 shillings to the porter or servant, or leave a slightly larger amount with the accommodation service when you leave.

While staying in Tanzania, you must take medications against tropical malaria and get vaccinated against yellow fever before traveling. Tap water should not be drunk. For drinking, use only water from bottles, after checking that they are well sealed. Water intended for drinking, brushing teeth and making ice must be boiled or otherwise disinfected.

You should not move away from the main streets of cities to avoid the risk of being robbed. Do not carry a large amount of money with you, do not wear expensive gold jewelry, and do not walk down the street with audio and video equipment. At night, you should avoid appearing in deserted, unfamiliar places.

Tanzania- the country is beautiful, but not for those who prefer a relaxed holiday. People come here to take a Safari ride and see the wild fauna with their own eyes. Lions, huge cats and even small elephants lurk here. At the same time, Tanzania has beautiful white beaches and an amazing exotic underwater world.

TOURS TO TANZANIA: Tanzania can be reached from St. Petersburg and Moscow with at least two stops. Tours to Tanzania often combine a safari in one of the parks on the mainland + relaxation on the beach. Zanzibar (or other islands). You can also combine visits to Kenya and Tanzania in one tour.

CAPITAL: Tanzania has two capitals: the administrative center is the historical capital of Dar es Salaam, and the legislative capital is Dodoma, where the government moved the main bodies in the 1970s.

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Swahili, English. Arabic is spoken in Zanzibar, and on the mainland there are many local Bantu languages.

CURRENCY: Tanzanian shilling (TZS) = 100 cents. Banknotes in denominations of 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10,000 Tanzanian shillings and coins in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 Tanzanian shillings are officially in circulation. In fact, coins with a face value of less than 50 shillings went out of circulation.

TIME: Moscow

Changing clocks to daylight saving time winter time Not produced in Tanzania.

VISA TO TANZANIA

Russian citizens require a visa to enter Tanzania. If you want to visit one of Tanzania's neighboring states, you must have a double or multiple entry visa. Visas are required for everyone; visa-free transit is not permitted.

List of documents for a Tanzania visa:

• A foreign passport, valid for at least 4 months from the date of entry into Tanzania and at least 1 month after returning from Tanzania;
• Two color photographs (3.5x4.5) on a blue background;
• Completed questionnaire;
• Application form for a tourist visa to Tanzania.

The visa processing time is 5-7 working days.

Visa cost $100.

CUSTOMS REGULATIONS

• The import of foreign currency is not limited (declaration is required), national currency is prohibited. The export of previously imported foreign currency is allowed (according to the declaration), but national currency is prohibited.
• Duty-free import of cigarettes is allowed - up to 200 pcs. or 250 gr. tobacco or 50 cigars, alcoholic beverages - up to 1 liter, up to 250 grams of perfume or eau de toilette. Food, household items and other personal items are imported within the limits of personal needs. Audio, photo and video equipment are included in the declaration and must be exported from the country according to the entry. Import small arms permitted only with prior agreement with local authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (permission must be obtained in advance).
• All plants and animals are imported only on the basis of a phytosanitary certificate or a certificate of health of the animal (vaccination against rabies is required). All animals are inspected upon arrival and sent to quarantine.
• The import and export of drugs, explosives, poisons and pornographic products is prohibited. The export of ivory and products made from it, rhinoceros horn, wild animal skins, gold, diamonds, cloves (without documents confirming the legality of their acquisition) is prohibited. The export of gold and silver jewelry, stamps, coins, and food products is allowed within the limits of personal needs (receipts from the store must be attached to the jewelry).

TRANSPORT

Driving in Tanzania is on the left (the steering wheel is on the right).

Traffic in Tanzania is dangerous: the roads are very worn out, the driving style of the locals and many animals running out onto the road. An untrained white person in Tanzania is better off not driving himself. It is better to resort to the services of a professional driver, which will be especially important if you are going to travel to the countryside or savannah.

Urban transport is available in large cities; it is represented by ordinary old city buses and minibuses. In others populated areas, urban transport consists of pickup trucks chaotically moving around the city and suburbs, minibuses and rickshaws. There is no permanent schedule of transport departures and arrivals. The most convenient way for tourists is buses, and some companies, for example, Scandinavian, have them more than comfortable: driving in an air-conditioned cabin filled with amenities, past the local population riding on donkeys or in crowded minibuses, the tourist feels like a truly white man. But far from big cities there is simpler transport - “Dala-Dala”, in other words, buses on a truck chassis. Dala-Dala connects all the cities of the country, they are very cheap, often lack minimal comfort (don’t even dream of air conditioning), are often very slow, but at the same time they are often the only opportunity to travel around Tanzania, especially in remote areas.

Between Dar es Salaam and the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, as well as on Lakes Victoria, Nyassa and Tanganyika, there is ferry service. True, the ferry can turn out to be either a fast beast with all the amenities, or a rusty trough - you can guess this in advance only by the price of the ticket. As a rule, night ferries are much worse than day ferries.

CLIMATE: subequatorial. In the north there are two rainy seasons (March - May and September - November), in the south there is one (November - April). The climate on the islands is humid, the average daytime temperature is + 28-30°C, sea breezes make the weather very pleasant. The water temperature in the Indian Ocean is + 24-26°C. In the central part (1200-1700 m above sea level) average temperature- + 22-25°C, nights can be cool.

CITIES AND RESORTS

Large cities - Dodoma, Dar es Salaam, Mwanza.

Main resorts: Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia islands.

The island of Zanzibar is an entire archipelago in the Indian Ocean with the main island of the same name, located northeast of Dar es Salaam, 35 km from the coast. The main advantages of this place are its rich and varied cultural heritage, carefully preserved coastline, clean coastal waters and many species of marine animals. In Zanzibar the whites are pure sandy beaches, along which picturesque fishing villages stretch. Not far from the capital there are the beaches of Fuji and Chuini with a rich selection of views water sports, and to the north there is a very quiet and secluded Mangapwani beach.

Mafia Island - consists of one large and several smaller islands. In the eighth century it played a key role in East African trade and served as a haven for Arab traders. The name of the island "Mafia" comes from the Arabic "morfiyeh" which means "group" or "archipelago". Some of the small islands are uninhabited. And some have preserved ancient ruins, which will be interesting to explore and get acquainted with the various animals inhabiting them - from monkeys and wild pigs to fruit bats. This place is worth a visit. Just 30 minutes by plane south of Zanzibar and you find yourself in a piece of paradise. First of all, Mafia Island is known for its variety of diving sites. The island has a sufficient number of places for advanced divers, but beginners will not be bored either - cozy bays and bays protected from the power of the ocean are perfect for beginner divers. Undersea world amazes with its wealth. Untouched Coral reefs, varied marine flora and fauna are the best in the entire region. Also, Mafia Island is one of the Tanzanian spice islands. Every cubic meter of air here is saturated with spicy, intoxicating odors.

MAIN ATTRACTIONS OF TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR

The English fort on the island of Zanzibar has existed since the times when Tanzania was a British colony, that is, from the late 18th to early 19th centuries. The majestic fort is located next to the Sultan's Palace, in the center of Stone Town. In the 19th century, the fort’s dungeons were used as prison casemates and places for torture; a century later, a railway station, and now the fort is big Cultural Center, where festivals, music and dance performances, and African drum shows are regularly held.

Slave Trade Square in Stone Town— A large slave market appeared in Zanzibar at the beginning of the 19th century. From 1830 to 1873, more than 600 thousand people were sold at the slave trading area in Stone Town; on average, 10 to 30 thousand people were sold annually in Zanzibar. The slave trade was banned in 1873, and a year later construction of the Anglican Cathedral began on the square. It still stands there now. Tourists are shown not only the square itself, but also the rooms in which slaves were kept before being sold, as well as the cellars where the slave trade continued after the official ban until the 1890s.

Stone Town is the oldest part of Zanzibar City. This area was inhabited back in the 16th century, and the first stone buildings appeared here in the 1830s. From 1840 to 1856, it was the capital of the Omani Empire. For many years, Stone Town was the largest slave trading center; spices were exported through the city's port. This area was also Starting point for numerous European researchers. The buildings Stone Town incorporates elements of Arabic, Persian, Indian, European and African styles with notable carved wooden doors and verandas.

Anglican Cathedral Cathedral of Christ Cathedral, located in the city of Stone Town on the island of Zanzibar, was built in 1887 on the site of a former market where slaves were sold. The architecture of the building combines features of Gothic and Arabic style, so the church is very reminiscent of a mosque. Adjacent to the main building of the Anglican Cathedral high tower with a clock. Inside you can see a wooden crucifix, under which rests the heart of David Livingstone, the famous explorer of Africa. In front of the gray stone temple you can see the Monument to the Tortured Slaves.

OTHER ATTRACTIONS

National Park Serengeti, located in the Great African Rift region, covers an area of ​​about 30 thousand km², covering Tanzania and Kenya. In the first half of the 20th century, this place was famous among those who like to hunt lions, which led to a noticeable decrease in the population of these beautiful animals. It was not until 1951 that these territories were officially declared a national park. The conditions here are ideal for wild fauna. In this place, herbivores and predators coexist harmoniously, living according to all the laws of nature. The Serengeti is still famous for its lions, as the largest pride of lions on Earth was discovered here. In addition to lions, there are many other wild cats living here, as well as several different types antelopes, about 500 species of birds, reptiles, elephants, hyenas and many others. Tourists love to go on safari to the Serengeti - especially during the annual migration of artiodactyls, caused by the onset of the dry period in October and November, when animals cover many kilometers, moving from north to south.

Lake Manyara Park is a national park in Tanzania, located in the north of the country in the Arusha region on Lake Manyara. The total area of ​​the park is 330 sq. km. During high water, Lake Manyara occupies 200 sq. km, in normal conditions it covers about a third of the park. The park is a narrow strip between the alkaline Lake Manyara in the east and the Gregory Rift in the west. The park contains the main slopes and peaks of the rift, as well as part of the plateau. The mountainous landscape is dissected by river valleys, some of the rivers are deep all year round and forms the basis of the region's drainage system. The park is home to African elephants, buffalos, black rhinos, hippos, impalas, giraffes and zebras. In addition to animals, there are more than 400 species of birds in the park. On the lake you can see pink flamingos and other large waterfowl such as white pelicans, cormorants, storks and ibises. The park is home to at least 44 species of birds of prey, including palm vultures and hawk eagles.

Ngorongoro is a huge crater in Tanzania, which arose as a caldera as a consequence of the collapse big volcano, approximately 2.5 million years ago. Its bottom is located at an altitude of almost two kilometers above sea level, and the edges are slightly higher - at an altitude of 3000 m. The diameter of the known crater is approximately 19 km, and total area– 26400 hectares. The microclimate of Ngorongoro varies greatly depending on the location, this is due to the sharp difference in altitude and the dynamics of its air masses. The higher elevations are generally foggy and humid, with most rainfall occurring in April and November. Shrub vegetation covers the rim of the crater, which is a savannah with fairly tall vegetation and evergreen montane forests. At the bottom of the crater there is shorter grass, and there are also acacia forests and springs drinking water. The crater is home to approximately 25 thousand animals and has the highest density of predators in all of Africa. Quite often in Ngorongoro you can meet zebras, buffalos and different kinds antelopes such as gazelles, wildebeest, elands.

Kilimanjaro – Many tourists visit Tanzania to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Unlike the inaccessible Everest, climbing Kilimanjaro does not require any special mountaineering skills. The slopes are not steep, and some routes allow you to reach eternal ice without equipment. Climbing Kilimanjaro is unforgettable due to the variety of landscapes and rich flora. Here a person passes through several climatic zones: savannah, rainforests, alpine meadows. Well, at high altitudes above sea level there are eternal snow and glaciers.

Lake Natron is located in northern Tanzania and is unique place. The reservoir is a habitat for flamingos and an archaeological site where the remains of Homo Sapiens, which are more than 30 thousand years old, were found. The lake area is favored by flamingos - more than 2 million birds gather here every summer. It is worth noting that Natron is the only place in the world where the lesser flamingo breeds. Another feature of the lake is the crust of salt that covers its surface. As a result of the activity of microorganisms living in the lake, the salt crust can turn red and pink, which is an amazing sight. The alkalinity of the lake ranges from 9–10.5 pH, and the water temperature reaches +60 °C, so animals (mainly birds) entering the lake immediately die, and their remains become covered with minerals and harden, turning into stone sculptures .

Boribi Reef - favorite place for professional divers who dive to a depth of 20 meters to see not only an abundance of tropical fish, but also explore sunken ships. On the seabed there are several sunken merchant ships of the last century. Although, it would be unfair not to talk about the marine inhabitants, the sight of which brings novice divers into indescribable delight.

Tanzania has many nature reserves and national parks, some of them: Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruaha, Tarangire, Selous, Ngorongoro, Arusha and others.

NATIONAL CUISINE

Tanzanian food is not particularly sophisticated, but it is filling and tasty. Given the abundance of local fauna, it is not surprising that the basis national cuisine consists of dishes made from animal and poultry meat, as well as seafood. Goat meat is used quite often - cheap and cheerful. Beef and pork are significantly more expensive. Crown meat dishes: roast ostrich with tropical fruit sauce and buffalo steak.

All meat dishes begin with the name "nyama", for example, fried beef is nyama-nkombe, fried chicken is nyama-kuku, and meat with stewed bananas is nyama-na-ndizi.

For something unusual, you can try very original dishes made from wild animal meat. Particularly popular are exotic delicacies such as elephant meat or antelope fillet. For the more daring, there are fried termites and locusts.

There are many good fish restaurants along the coast, where you can order octopus stew, fried shrimp with lemon and charcoal-baked fish in banana leaves. Ugali porridge and rice are served as a side dish.

Crocodile meat is served with stewed banana salad. In general, bananas are mercilessly used in a good half of Tanzanian cuisine: they are stewed, baked, simmered in the oven and cooked together with meat and peanuts. By the way, the bananas here are completely unsweetened and taste somewhat like potatoes.

Lunch comes with naan and, in Zanzibar, Indian chapatis. In Zanzibar, fresh clove shoots are sometimes served before meals to refresh the mouth and prepare for a hearty meal.

One of the most popular local drinks is cognac, which is made from papaya and tastes a little like gin. However, you should not drink it on the street or in in public places: This will cause active disapproval from the locals.

Tanzanian beer (Serengeti, Safari, etc.) is cheap and very tasty. You can also try Krest tonic, produced by your local Coca-Cola. And it is customary to end a good meal with coffee or tea - a special source of pride for Tanzanians.

Sweets are also good here - donuts, popsicles, coffee-almond halua dessert and banana cream cakes.

You can try local cuisine in small restaurants in shopping centers, street cafes (choose carefully) and hotel restaurants. In Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar there is a large selection of good fish establishments with ocean views.

EMBASSY OF THE RF IN TANZANIA

Address: P.O. Box 1905, Plot No. 73, Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

Tel.: (255-22) 266-6005, 266-6006

Fax machine: (255-22) 266-6818

In eastern Africa, on the coast of the Indian Ocean, there is a republic that was formed in 1964 as a result of the merger of two former colonies - Tanganyika and. The name emphasizes the unification of two countries into one.

Now the popularity of this country among tourists is associated, first of all, with the many that introduce all visitors to real African nature and the huge diversity of the animal world. These reserves, located in vast virgin territories, are home to common and rare species, the number of representatives of which is so large that it is sometimes measured in the thousands. And they all live their usual lives, in freedom.

In these places, safari originated, which is very interesting for any person, and therefore is very popular among tourists. After all, by immersing yourself in the natural conditions for wild animals in Africa, you can not only look at them, but also get to know the centuries-old soul of the continent.

The local weather is different from what we are used to, because Tanzania is located in the southern hemisphere. During the European summer months it is cooler here. And yet the country is ready to receive guests in all seasons, since there are conditions for this.

Capital of the country Tanzania

Just as Tanzania has a double name, formed from two states, it can be proud of two capitals:

• Dodoma;
• Dar es Salaam.

Dodoma is the official capital of Tanzania, this appointment happened in 1973, when all the main government bodies moved to this city. Dar es Salaam is the historical capital, which is now considered the center for preserving the culture and economy of the country.

Educated Dodoma at the end of the 19th century in the center modern republic. Then it was a settlement of German colonists, and was located on the trade route connecting Lake Tanganyika and the ocean coast.

The peculiarity of the geographical location of this city is that it is located on a plateau, the height of which can reach almost 1300 m. In this regard, Dodoma experiences a monsoon climate, characteristic of equatorial zones. The average annual temperature here can fluctuate by 10 degrees Celsius, with it being warmest at the beginning of the year, when the mercury averages +26 degrees Celsius.

There are different weather periods and precipitation amounts:

• drought - June-October;
• rains - November-May.

The spring months are called the most unfavorable in these places, as then abundant humidity is combined with high temperatures.

The outskirts of the city are located in low-grass savannas, so the vegetation here is dominated by:

• acacia;
• camphor laurels;
• coniferous trees;
• thorny bushes.

Here you can also see wild animals and birds common in Africa (antelope, elephant, giraffe, lion, hippopotamus, cheetah, ostrich).

This legislative capital of the country of Tanzania unites mainly the African population (99%). Among the residents there are representatives of various nationalities:

• Maasai;
• Nyamwezi;
• chaga;
• gogo.

The remaining 1% are residents of foreign origin (from Europe and Arab countries).

They officially speak two languages ​​in Dodoma:

• English;
• Swahili.

The majority of believers in the city are Christians (mostly Catholics); there are also Muslims. The traditional faith remained in only a few local families.

For modern tourists the capital Dodoma is practically uninteresting, since the local architecture is not outstanding and there are very few attractions. Among interesting places Only a few can be highlighted:

• buildings of state residences;
• Train Station;
• a sacred Sikh temple, where every guest can be treated to sacred sweets;
• Geological Museum;
• a huge local market.

Such cultural poverty discourages tourists who may come here only to go to Dar es Salaam or National parks.

And here Dar es Salaam is a very large port city, the largest in Tanzania and on the entire East African coast. It contains prints from different eras, so different cultures influenced its appearance. In this regard, there is even a division of the city into parts:

• African;
• Asian;
• European.

There are a lot of industrial enterprises here, and Dar es Salaam is also home to various educational institutions that are popular in the country, so there are a lot of students in the city.

Interesting places in the former capital of Tanzania:

• National Museum with unique exhibits ancient history states;
• Botanical Garden with representatives of the flora of equatorial and tropical climates;
• "Little Theater" - drama theater and many others.

Tourists come to Dar es Salaam with pleasure, because here best conditions for an interesting, educational vacation, because this city is conducive to relaxation, knowledge of local culture and ancient history.

Tanzania is one of the most popular tourist destinations Africa. It is included in the list of developing countries and has a rather weak economy, but it invariably attracts tourists with rich and picturesque nature. highest mountain continent, many national parks with a huge variety of flora and fauna, picturesque islands and beaches - all these attractions lure thousands of visitors to the East African country every year.

Getting to know Tanzania

First let's look at the features geographical location states and historical information. We will also find out how you can get to this country.

Geographical position

The United Republic of Tanzania is located in eastern Africa and borders 8 countries: Kenya and Uganda in the north, Rwanda, Burundi and Congo in the west, and Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia in the south. The eastern part of the country is washed by Indian Ocean. In addition to the mainland, the state owns some islands: Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, etc.

Tanzania is located on a plateau, in the north the country is surrounded by mountain ranges. Six rivers flow through the territory, and there are also lakes in Tanzania, the most famous of which is Victoria.

Some information about Tanzania:

1. Area: 945 thousand sq. km.
2. Population: 48 million people.
3. Time zone: +3 GMT (no difference with Moscow time).
4. Language: Swahili, English, African dialects and dialects.
5. Currency: Tanzanian shilling.
6. Capital: Dodoma.
7. Religion: Christianity (60%), Islam (30%), paganism (10%).

A little history

The history of this country officially began on April 26, 1964, after the unification of two colonies - Zanzibar and Tanganyika.

However, in general, the history of Tanzania consists of three most important periods:

1. Pre-colonial. Lasted from the time of settlement of this territory by indigenous South African peoples (Bushmen and Hottentots) until 1885. About one and a half thousand years ago, the Swahili people began to form in the country, which, in addition to indigenous tribes, included people from Arab countries. The main activity of the Swahili was international trade: slaves, gold, ivory were exported from the country, and imported goods included handicrafts, fabrics, and food products. Since the mid-19th century, Europeans and Americans began to come to the country.
2. Colonial. Lasted from 1885 to 1964. The period of less than a hundred years turned out to be very rebellious, but productive for the state. Initially, the protectorate over the territory belonged to Germany, but after the end of the First World War the country came under the guardianship of Great Britain. During this time, agriculture was actively developing, cotton, coffee, sisal and rubber plants were grown in the country. During the reign of the Germans, many were built railways. The British continued the development of the country.
3. Independent state. During the period of independence, Tanzania was ruled by communism for a long time until a multi-party system was formed in 1995.

Did you know? Albinos are born more often in Tanzania than in other countries: approximately one newborn in 3,000, while in the rest of the world this occurs 7 times less often.

Independence Day is celebrated in December - it was on December 9, 1961 that Tanzanians gained independence from Great Britain, and a year later they became a republic and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

How to get there

There are no direct flights into the country from Russia and Ukraine. You can get to Tanzania by air only with transfers. With one transfer, the travel time will be about 13-20 hours.

The most convenient place to arrive is The largest city And former capital Tanzania - Dar es Salaam with the following airlines: Emirates, Qatar Airlines, KLM, Swiss.

Transfers will take place in Amsterdam, Doha, Dubai and Zurich. Accordingly, there are many direct flights to the country from European cities.

Regular flights to Tanzania are provided by Dubai, Kenyan, Qatar and Oman airlines. Tanzania has several international airports: named after Julius Nyerere, Kilimanjaro, Arusha. By the way, the capital airport in Dodoma is not international.

You can get to Tanzania from neighboring countries by car or bus, and there are also ferry connections with Uganda, Zambia and Burundi. There is a railway connection with Zambia.

Weather and climate

Thanks to the subequatorial climate, we can confidently say that eternal summer reigns in Tanzania. Seasonality is weakly expressed, the climate is slightly different in coastal areas and more distant from the sea, as well as in the mountains - for example, in the north of the country, near mountain ranges, the temperature stays in the range of +20…+23 °C, rising by 5 degrees near the coast.

It gets cool at night. The islands are the hottest, where the temperature reaches +32 °C, but is easily tolerated due to the high humidity and constant sea breeze.

The hottest months are the winter months. During this period, the temperature in the mainland of the country reaches +35 °C, in some places it reaches +38 °C. July is the coolest month. At this time, the daytime temperature is +27...+32 °C, and at night it drops by 10-15 degrees, for example, in the mountains it reaches +8...+10°C.

The country experiences rainy seasons: in the northern part - twice a year, during the spring and autumn months, in the south of the country the rainy season occurs once a year, from November to April. The sea is very warm - the water temperature reaches +26°C.

Main beaches of the country

The beaches and sea of ​​Tanzania can make you fall in love at first sight and confidently take a place on your list best coasts. The main advantages of Tanzanian beaches are snow-white, fine sand and clear, blue water.

Did you know? In 1962, Tanzania (then Tanganyika) experienced an epidemic of laughter among children and adolescents. The attacks of laughter lasted from several hours to several days, and all this lasted for 18 months, “infecting” about 1000 people.

First of all, it is worth considering the beaches of the island of Zanzibar. Obviously, for beach lovers, the island will seem like a paradise, because it is one of the most picturesque and attractive places in the country.

When it comes to beach holiday or a tour to Tanzania, most often it is the beaches of Zanzibar that are meant; there are more than two dozen of them. Please note that western beaches have a calm sea, and the south-eastern ones always pamper visitors with waves. The most interesting places:

1. Nungwi. Located in the northern part of the island. Turquoise water, White sand, a deep sea in which tides and tides are not felt, and also fantastic reefs. This is very popular place for diving. The beach itself is surrounded by large banana and coconut plantations. Nungwi is truly considered the best place in Zanzibar.

   
   
   

2. Kizimkazi. South Beach will delight visitors with waves, romantic bays for privacy, and the opportunity to admire dolphins. Here you will also be able to observe the life of local fishermen from the village of the same name.

   
   
   

3. Located on the eastern part of the island. There are many luxury hotels along the coast. A significant advantage is the small number of tourists.

   
   
   

4. It is located in the eastern part of the island, therefore it has a disadvantage typical for this side - during periods of low tide the sea becomes significantly shallower and you have to walk a long time to reach deep water. Paje is great place for kitesurfing. In addition, here you can watch flamingos, peacocks and camels.

   
   
   

5. Clean and beautiful beach located in the northeastern part. You won't be able to be alone here, but you can certainly have a lot of fun. It is very crowded, noisy and fun thanks to the many entertainment venues.

   
   
   

However, you should not ignore other island and mainland beaches:

1. Ideal for lovers have a relaxing holiday, to observe nature and local colorful life. There are no cafes or nightclubs on the beaches of Pemba; it is quite quiet and peaceful here. However, you won't have to get bored thanks to the opportunity to go diving, deep-sea fishing or watch humpback whales, hammerheads or whale sharks.

   
   
   

2. The highlight of the island is the prison, built by a British general, in which there were not a single prisoner. The island still has the same azure water and white sand. In addition to swimming and sunbathing, you can go snorkeling, diving or hand-feed giant turtles, many of which are over a hundred years old!

   
   
   

3. City beach in Dar es Salaam. Here you can watch the local colorful crowd, but women are not recommended to swim in bikinis and too revealing swimsuits. The disadvantage of the beach is the shallow sea at low tide and muddy water.

   
   
   

What to see for a tourist

Of course, in addition to the sea and beaches, the African country has many more must-see attractions. Perhaps the most famous are the Tanzanian natural parks, the total area of ​​which is about 30% of the entire territory of the country.

Nature and national parks

Tanzania has many national natural parks, thanks to which the country has managed to preserve a huge diversity of flora and fauna. The predominant type of vegetation in the country is savanna.

When visiting the country, you should definitely go on a safari to see giraffes, lions, elephants and black rhinoceroses, hippos and crocodiles with your own eyes. Tickets to national parks are inexpensive, ranging from $50-60, but you will have to pay a hefty sum for renting transport and guide services.

Renting a car can cost from $300, you will also need to pay for gas and food. Sometimes it may take 2-3 days to more or less fully explore the park, so it will be necessary to rent accommodation.

Important!Visiting national parks is only allowed (!) in special safari jeeps accompanied by a certified Tanzanian guide.

1. This national park is distinguished by its enormous size (about 15 thousand sq. km), occupies a leading place among all reserves in Africa in terms of species diversity and the number of animals inhabiting the territory, and is also included in the UNESCO heritage list. Most often the Serengeti is visited to watch the big cats in wildlife, especially hunting lions and lionesses, cheetahs and leopards. By the way, this park has the largest population of lions in the world - over 3 thousand individuals.

   
   
   

2. Also listed world heritage UNESCO. The park is unusual, as it is located almost entirely in the middle of the largest crater on the planet. There is very rich vegetation here, which is why the reserve resembles an oasis among the relatively poor savannah. The main highlight of the park is the opportunity to watch pink flamingos on Lake Magadi.

   
   
   

3. Despite its relatively small size (more than 2.5 thousand sq. km), the park’s territory is inhabited by more than 300 species of birds, which is why it is especially popular among ornithologists. Here you can go on a classic jeep safari, as well as go on foot and night safari.

   
   
   

4. The park is located around the lake of the same name, the oldest on the planet - it was formed more than 3 million years ago. The territory of the park is inhabited by a huge variety of animals: here you can meet all the “classic” inhabitants of the hot continent. Ernest Hemingway called this park the most great place Africa.

   
   
   

5. The lake of the same name is also located here. It is famous for the fact that several times a year it turns pink due to salt deposits. The territory is home to the original Maasai tribes, and is also home to the world's largest flocks of flamingos.

   
   
   

In addition to the listed parks, the following places are no less popular: Selous Game Reserve, Udzungwa Nature Reserve, Mount Kilimanjaro Park, Meserani Snake Park and other beautiful reserves.

Did you know? At the legislative level, the use of plastic bags is prohibited in the country, including for packaging products in the supermarket. If you brought anything with you in plastic packages, it is better not to use them, much less throw them away, otherwise you may receive a fine of $2,000.

Historical landmarks

Apart from untouched beautiful nature, Tanzania has a large number of historical sites. IN official capital There are not many of them in Dodoma, but in the old capital and largest city of the country, Dar es Salaam, there is something to see.

Here you should definitely admire the Clock Tower, Sultan Majid Palace, the railway station building, numerous cathedrals, mosques and churches.

Famous museums of the city:

Definitely worth a visit local markets: Mwenge ebony market, Magagoni fish market, Kiriakoo spice market. It is worth walking through the colorful Asian streets of Indian Street and Kisutu Street.

What else can you do?

Tanzania offers countless opportunities for active rest. Beautiful coral reefs and beaches allow you to enjoy water and hiking sports. Here you have the opportunity to hunt and bring home exclusive trophies.

Important! When exchanging currency, you must keep the receipt for the entire period of your stay in the country. Also remember that you can pay with a card only in large cities and coastal towns (mainly in supermarkets, banks and large stores). IN provincial cities It is almost impossible to pay with a credit card, and the bank will have to pay up to 8% commission for withdrawing money from the card.

Leisure

Tanzania has many opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. This is truly one of best places in the world for diving and others aquatic species sports, mountain climbing, trekking and hiking are also very popular.

1. This type of active recreation will be suitable for physically trained tourists, because they will have to climb to a height of almost 6000 m! However, the fantastic views and watching the sunrise/sunset will forever remain in your memory and compensate for all the efforts.

   
   
   

2. Descent to the Ngorongoro crater. The giant crater houses the national park of the same name, which we talked about above. To get to the bottom, you will have to overcome a height difference of 600 m.

   
   
   

3. Diving, snorkeling, kitesurfing. For divers, the waters of Tanzania will seem like a real paradise. Picturesque coral reefs, many rare underwater inhabitants, and excellent visibility underwater create all the conditions for diving. Here you can dive in freshwater reservoirs, near coastal areas, on islands, and you can also go on multi-day diving tours on board special vessels. We recommend that you pay attention to diving on the island of Pemba, Zanzibar, on Lake Tanganyika.

   
   
   

4. Hunting in the Selous Game Reserve. You can book tours for 10, 16, 21 and 28 days of hunting. It can be passed only during the daytime and on foot; hunting with a car is prohibited. The cost of the tour usually includes accommodation, services of a professional hunter, meals, field preparation of trophies, as well as preparation for export. However, this is a rather expensive pleasure, which can cost several tens of thousands of dollars.

   
   
   

Also, do not miss the opportunity to go rafting on the rivers of Tanzania, paragliding, and deep-sea fishing. Unforgettable impressions will remain after the safari, and there are several types of them for every taste.

Night life

If you prefer nightlife, you may be a little disappointed - Tanzania is definitely not a country with interesting nightlife. Most of the fun can be had on site resort hotels and in big cities.

On the island of Zanzibar, it is worth visiting the Kendwa Rock Hotel, where the Full Moon Party is held once a week.

In Dar es Salaam, pay attention to the following establishments: Q-Bar, Msasani, and Sea Cliff Casino.

Did you know? The lead singer of the legendary rock band Queen, Freddie Mercury, was born in Zanzibar.

Where to stay and eat

Since the main destination for many tourists is the unofficial capital, let's look at where to stay and eat in Dar es Salaam.
There is housing in the city to suit every taste and budget.

It is also worth being knowledgeable about local cuisine. Dishes made from the meat of wild animals and birds are traditional for the country. Worth a try National dish from ugali grains. If you wish, you can taste the meat of antelope, elephant, crocodile or warthog.

For special gourmets, dishes made from locusts and termites are offered. In coastal areas you can enjoy seafood. Vegetarians will also not go hungry, as many restaurants and cafes offer dishes without animal products. For drinks, you can try local beer or strong cognac gin.

In Dar es Salaam you can find establishments of different price categories. So, there are cafes with local cuisine and fast food, restaurants haute cuisine, pizzerias, restaurants with an emphasis on seafood dishes, establishments with Chinese, Indian and American cuisine.

Possible danger

You should be aware of the potential dangers before visiting the country. In general, Tanzanians are a very open, friendly and sociable nation, however, due to refugees from neighboring countries and a low standard of living, you can stumble upon fraud and theft.

It is also worth understanding that there are many Muslim areas here, so you should avoid wearing too much revealing clothing. A huge problem for the country is the availability of clean drinking water.

Important! There are many pickpockets in tourist areas, and armed poachers are present in nature reserves.

1. Before visiting, be vaccinated against yellow fever, tetanus, hepatitis A, typhoid, cholera, and malaria.
2. Before use, be sure to boil water, thoroughly heat-treat animal products, wash and peel vegetables and fruits.
3. Swimming is necessary in specially designated areas due to large quantity strong coastal currents and the presence of dangerous animals under water.
4. Swimming in reservoirs within the country is not recommended due to the risk of contracting schistosomiasis.
5. Documents and precious things should be kept in a hotel safe, always have a photocopy of your foreign passport with you, and only walk the streets in a group at night.
6. You cannot take photographs or videos of local residents without permission.
7. When visiting the parks, be sure to use sunscreen, repellents, wear wide-brimmed hats and comfortable high shoes with closed toes, and clothing that is as closed as possible.
8. In Muslim parts of the country, wearing short shorts, skirts and other provocative clothing should be avoided. You should also refrain from publicly showing attention to your significant other.

What to bring

In addition to numerous bright photographs, you should definitely bring souvenirs from Tanzania; besides, the choice is impressive, they are varied and colorful. In large cities, shops are open until 22:00, but most shops are open from 8 to 12 noon, and in the afternoon from 14 to 18 pm.

During Ramadan, many shops may be closed. You can buy souvenirs in the most famous souvenir centers: art gallery, the village museum and in the shops on Samora Avenu. While on the island of Zanzibar, it is worth visiting the Memories of Zanzibar and One Way stores.

1. A lot of minerals are mined in the country: tourmaline, garnet, diamond, ruby, sapphire, but tanzanite, a mineral discovered in 1967, has become the real symbol of the country. “Blue Diamond,” as the stone is also called, is found exclusively in this country, among the volcanic deposits of Kilimanjaro.

   
   
   

2. Products. From Tanzania you can bring spices, herbs and roots, which are recommended to be purchased at the Kariakoo spice market.

   
   
   

3. Figurines and paintings. It is advisable to buy carved wooden figurines of the Makonde tribe in small souvenir shops.

   
   
   

4. National clothes, batik.
   

   
   
   

5. Tanzania has huge coffee plantations; about 6% of the country's population is involved in servicing them, which is quite a lot. The choice of aromatic drinks here is huge.

   
   
   

It is in Tanzania that you will have the opportunity to experience and see real East Africa. The originality, local flavor and picturesqueness of the country will not leave anyone indifferent.

Tanzania gives you the opportunity to climb to the highest point of the continent, swim in the second deepest lake on the planet, and the largest lake in Africa. Highly recommended for all exotic lovers!

TANZANIA

(United Republic of Tanzania)

General information

Geographical position. Tanzania is a country in East Africa. In the north it borders with Kenya and Uganda, in the south with Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia, in the west with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi and Rwanda. In the east it is washed by the Indian Ocean. Tanzania also owns the islands of Zanzibar (the largest coral island off the coast of Africa) and Pemba.

Square. The territory of Tanzania occupies 945,087 square meters. km.

Main cities Administrative division. The capital of Tanzania is Dar es Salaam. Largest cities: Dar es Salaam (1,734 thousand people), Zanzibar (375 thousand people), Mwanza (223 thousand people), Dodoma (204 thousand people), Tanga (188 thousand people .). Administrative division of the country: 25 regions.

Political system

Tanzania is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the National Assembly. The country is part of the Commonwealth.

Relief. There is a small plain along the coast, but most countries occupy a plateau, average height which is about 1,290 m above sea level. Small groups of mountains rise in the northeast and southwest. Mount Kilimanjaro - highest point Africa (5,895 m) - located on the northeastern border of the country.

Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains reserves of tin, iron ore, coal, phosphates, diamonds, and gold.

Climate. Tanzania's climate varies depending on altitude and distance from the coast. On ocean coast The climate is warm, tropical, with an average annual temperature of about +27°C. Further inland the climate is hotter and drier. The climate on the islands is mainly tropical, but the heat is reduced by ocean winds. The average annual temperature in Zanzibar is about +27°C, the rainy season lasts from December to May.

Inland waters. Three of the continent's greatest lakes are located on the borders of Tanzania and partly within its borders. Lake Tanganyika is on the western border, Victoria is on the northwestern border, Nyasa (Malawi) is on the southwestern border. Lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika lie within the East African Rift, which stretches from the Middle East to Mozambique.

Soils and vegetation. The most common species in the forests of Tanzania are mahogany and camphor laurel.

Animal world. The country's fauna is represented by antelopes, zebras, elephants, hippos, rhinoceroses, giraffes, lions, leopards, cheetahs, and monkeys. One of the main attractions of the country is the Serengeti National Park, the only one in the world where there is a natural seasonal migration of wild animals.

Population and language

The population of Tanzania is about 30.608 million people, the average population density is about 32 people per 1 sq. km. Ethnic groups: more than 120 groups, the largest of which are the Sukuma and Nyamwezi (about 20% of the country's population each), as well as the Haya, Ngonde, Chagga, Gogo, Ha, Hehe, Ngoni, Yao, Maasai; Pakistanis, Indians, Europeans. Languages: Swahili, English (both official), about 100 local dialects.

Religion

Muslims, Christians (mostly Catholics), pagans (groups distributed approximately equally).

Brief historical sketch

Tanzania was created in 1964 as a federation of two states: Zanzibar and Tanganyika. The history of these two regions is significantly different. Zanzibar and other islands east coast Africa back in the 8th century. became a base for Arabs trading with the mainland. They were called the Land of Zenj. Over time, Zanzibar became an independent sultanate. In the 16th and 17th centuries. he was under the influence of the Portuguese, and in the 18th century. came under the influence of the Sultans of Oman and Muscat. In 1832, the Sultan of Oman, Sayyid Said, moved his residence to Zanzibar. The territory of Zanzibar and adjacent to it mainland were more of a commercial than a territorial empire.

IN late XIX V. As a result of a dispute between Germany and Great Britain, Zanzibar was declared a British protectorate (1890). Zanzibar had partial self-government and gained independence in December 1963. A few weeks later, a bloody coup took place in the country, bringing the regime of Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume to power. Tanganyika, inhabited by numerous Bantu ethnic groups, came under German rule in 1886 after a series of negotiations between European powers, which, hoping to turn the territory into profitable coffee and tea plantations, invested large sums in the region. In 1918, after the defeat of Germany, Great Britain received a mandate to govern Tanganyika. In December 1961, Tanganyika gained independence. In April 1964, Zanzibar and Tanganyika united into a federation. However political systems remained different on the mainland and on the island. Only in 1977 there was a real rapprochement between the two parts of the federation.

Brief Economic Sketch

Tanzania is an agricultural country. Main crops: coffee, cotton, sisal, cloves. Animal husbandry. Fishing. Harvesting valuable wood. Mining of diamonds, phosphates, gold, etc. Processing of agricultural raw materials. Oil refining, chemical, cement, woodworking, metalworking enterprises. Exports: coffee, cotton, spices, cashew nuts, sisal, tobacco, tea, diamonds, etc.

The currency is the Tanzanian shilling.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. Dar es Salaam. National Museum with rich collection historical, ethnographic and archaeological exhibits. Zanzibar. State Museum Zanzibar. Tanga. The picturesque caves of Amboni and the ruins of an Iranian fortress of the 16th century.