Basic moments

As a rule, there are five historical attractions in Tasmania. More recently they were included in the list World Heritage UNESCO: Port Arthur Prison, Coal Mines, Cascades Ladies Factory, Darlington Probation Station and Brickendon Woolmers Estates. But still, the main attraction of the island, which annually attracts tourists, is the unique nature of Tasmania.

The island has many surprises in store for travelers. Here you can spend the night in the bush and meet the Tasmanian devil. Australians themselves call Tasmania “the island of inspiration.” And deservedly so.

The island of Tasmania is divided into 5 regions:

• Capital city of Hobart and surrounding areas
• East Coast (including Flinders Island)
• Launceston, Tamar and northern Tasmania
• North West Coast ( main city- Devonport and Bass Strait Islands)
• Western Territories

Attractions

City of Hobart and surrounding areas

Hobart was founded in 1804. It is the second oldest city in Australia. The capital of Tasmania is important seaport. Australian and French ships depart from it to Antarctica.

The city has become interesting tourist center. Most of the city's buildings, even the port warehouses, were built in the neo-Gothic style. Combined with the beautiful mountainous landscape of the areas surrounding the city, they create a unique picturesque landscape.

Here you can sail or kayak on the Derwent River, have a cup of coffee under an umbrella in Salamanca Square and immerse yourself in the surfing atmosphere in Hobart's first suburb - Battery Point. To the southeast are the cool-climate wineries of the Coal Valley, as well as the historic towns of Huonville and Richmond. From the coastal village of Kettering you can take a car ferry to Bruny Island. The crescent-shaped Cockle Creek community offers a taste of the desert of Southwestern National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On historical site Port Arthur, located on the Tasman Peninsula, offers insight into the lives of prisoners in the mid-19th century. If you're staying in Woodbridge, it's worth strolling along the vast beaches of the Tasmanian National Park, followed by a delicious dinner at Peppermint Bay Resort. In Oatlands, visitors can see 200-year-old oak trees and sandstone cottages and follow the Heritage Highway pioneer route from Launceston to Hobart. On the River Clyde, the historic town of New Norfolk and the pretty town of Hamilton are worth visiting. For a taste of the highlands and malt whisky, visit Bothwell, located on the southern edge of the Central Plateau.

These territories offer travelers many discoveries, but their main attraction remains the wild nature.

East Coast

From Triabunna you can take a ferry to historical island Mary, where there are no cars at all, but you can walk or kayak. We recommend staying in the paradise of Coles Bay, which overlooks crystal clear Oyster Bay and is at the entrance to Freycinet National Park. In nearby Mount William National Park, you can follow the Bay of Fires Trail, which takes you past forest kangaroos, Aboriginal dwellings, woodland and white sand beaches. Then you can go fishing and diving in the picturesque port of St. Helena on the shores of George Bay. Try farmer's cheese in nearby Payengan, or visit the vineyards and berry farms around the seaside towns of Bicheno and Swansea. In Douglas-Apsley National Park you can not only walk, but also camp among quiet rivers, waterfalls, rain forests and tall eucalyptus and pine trees. On the north coast is Flinders Island, a place where you can dive into the water to explore shipwrecks, climb to the top of the pink and gray cliffs of Mount Strelecki and search for diamonds in Killiecrankie.

Launceston, Tamar and Northern Tasmania

Launceston is home to elegant Edwardian buildings and the magical wilderness of Cataract Gorge. Here you can walk through the fern thickets or rappel, climb to the top or hang glider from the enormous heights of the gorge. You can also take a ski lift and cross the gorge. Nearby, you can watch birds in their natural habitat on the Tamar Island wetlands, or meet kangaroos, wallabies and wombats in Narawntapu National Park. To the northeast are manicured fields and the Scottsdale Forest Environmental Center. Nearby in Bridgeport, you can fish, play golf against the backdrop of Bass Strait at the Barnboogle Dunes, and wander the cozy lavender fields in Naboula. In the Low Head area you can see penguins, and on Tent Island you can see adorable fur seals. In Ben Lomond National Park, tourists are offered skiing and mountain climbing. Mountain peaks. You can also visit the Beaconsfield Gold Mining Museum and pan for sapphires at the Derby Tin Mine along the way. And this list most interesting places Tasmania can go on for a very long time, so it’s better to see everything with your own eyes.

North West Coast

Devonport is one of largest cities northwest coast. The Spirit of Tasmania ships arrive here and have become a landmark of this pretty port. From here you can make walking or cycle along the Devonport coastline, see murals in Sheffield and visit the antique shops in La Trobe. You can water ski, kayak or fish from the floating pontoon in Port Sorrell. You can also stroll through the lively markets and picturesque beach Penguin. Definitely worth including in excursion program visiting limestone caves in the National Park karst caves Mole Creek, which lie beneath the surface of the Great Western Tiers, known to Aboriginal people as Kuparuna Niara. In the historic town of Stanley, you can check out a cool volcanic plug called “The Walnut.” Nearby is King Island, where you can taste cheese from the area's famous dairy farms and explore more than 70 shipwrecks underwater.

Western Territories

Here you can check out the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park, kayak in Macquarie Harbor, stroll along Ocean Beach, and tour the pine and myrtle forests in a Jeep. From the windows of the seaplane you can see the rare thousand-year-old Huon pine. Then you can take a ride along the picturesque river railway before ancient city Queenstown, which once had the world's richest deposits of gold and copper. True explorers will enjoy exploring Zihan's reckless mining past, which was once a wealthy silver mining town. From quiet town Rosebery can be done day trip to the Pasminco mine or take a walk to the Montezuma Falls - the most high waterfall in Tasmania. You can admire the rugged peaks and mirror lakes Cradle Mountain Lake St. Clair State Park. Mount Ossa, the highest in Tasmania, is also located in the western territory.

Nature of Tasmania

Without a doubt, the biggest and main attraction of the island of Tasmania is its nature. Many kilometers of beaches with the purest white sand attract a large number of tourists. The Tasmanian rainforest was recognized in 1982 as a natural heritage of humanity, “the lungs of the planet”. It includes two state reserve, four national parks, state forests, and two conservation areas. The island is considered one of the last hotbeds virgin nature Southern Hemisphere. Thanks to the excellent preservation of natural complexes, Tasmania is rightfully considered one of the standards of natural nature on the planet.

The nature of the island is unique and has no analogues in the whole world. Rivers National Park is the heart of Tasmania's wildlife. Here you can see deep river valleys, rainforests, picturesque gorges, mountain peaks that amaze the imagination. And among all this beauty, a large number of protected rivers meander.

Animal and vegetable world Tasmania is very original - a large number of representatives are endemic.

In Tasmania, 44% of the territory is covered by rainforests, and 21% is National parks. Such ratios are rare. Trout-infested lakes, rivers and waterfalls, replenished by rain and melt water, feed forests where Euphoria tirucalli, Eucalyptus regal and Ganna, Myrtaceae, Nothophagus Cunningham, Acacia, Sassafras, Eucryphia splendensum, Phyllocladus asplenifolia, Dicksonia antarcticum and Dacridium franklinii grow. Today, environmentalists are fighting against miners, paper makers and hydroelectric dam builders. The barren desert of Queenstown, a mining town, is a stark reminder of the consequences of thoughtless waste of natural resources.

The fauna of these places also suffered, especially the thylacine, or marsupial wolf, an animal of a gray-yellow color that resembles a dog. He was nicknamed the tiger for the dark stripes on his back and rump. This lean, timid carnivore got into the habit of carrying poultry and sheep. Rewards were offered for killed thylacines, and by 1936 they had disappeared.

Another unique Tasmanian marsupial, the Tasmanian devil, may be facing extinction due to a unique cancer - facial tumor. Australian scientists are currently working intensively to prevent the spread of this disease among Tasmanian devils. Tasmania is also famous for its slender-billed petrel. Starting its flight in the Tasman Sea and practically flying around the Pacific Ocean, the petrel returns to its sandy nesting grounds from year to year.

Not far from the nests of thin-billed petrels, where they fly only at night, there lives another bird that “flies” under water, the little penguin - with a short beak and weighing no more than a cat.

For tourists

The island will appeal to all fans mountain tourism And aquatic species sports Lovers of travel and wildlife will also appreciate this region, because the island is home to many amazing animals that can only be found here. Tasmania is also famous for its nature reserves which are located between mountain peaks and crystal clear lakes.

Fashionable hotels and luxurious resort areas where you can spend an unforgettable vacation.

How to get there

The island is only served by local airlines, so to get to Tasmania you must first arrive on the mainland. Flying to the island will not be a problem, because flights to Tasmanian airports located in the cities of Hobart, Launceston and Devonport are operated from many mainland cities - Sydney, Canberra, Perth and Melbourne. For example, a flight from Melbourne will take no more than an hour. The service is provided local airlines Qantas, Virgin Blue, Jetstar, Regional Express and Tiger Airways.

Further from Tasmania airports you can get to the hotel by shuttle buses. The distances between the cities are not long at all, so the bus drops off tourists right at the hotel doors. The fare will cost from $10 to $22. To travel back from the hotel to the airport, you need to reserve a seat on the bus in advance and agree on the boarding time by phone.

Melbourne and Devonport are also connected ferry service maritime transport company Spirit of Tasmania, making the journey to your destination quite exciting. Travel time takes from 9 to 11 hours, and the fare ranges from $120 to $180 per seat, 170 - 280 $ per berth in a cabin. Prices fluctuate depending on the season. If you want to bring a car on the ferry, it will cost an additional $65. Tourists should keep in mind that rented cars are often subject to travel bans between the mainland and the island. This point should be clarified with the rental agency.

Getting around the island

There are many ways to get around Tasmania: by car, bus, plane, rail or bicycle.

One of the most convenient ways to get around Tasmania is by car, which can easily be rented from one of the many rental agencies. You will need to present an international driver's license and cash, or credit card for bail. Driving in Australia is on the left, so travelers should be careful and wear a seat belt. Vigilance is especially useful at night - exotic animals of various sizes are constantly trying to cross the road.

Tasmania's roads twist and turn into steep serpentines, so the speed limit of 100 km/h should not upset you. As a rule, it is unnecessary.

There is also a network on the island bus routes. It is served by major transport companies Redline Tasmania and Tassielink. Advance reservations online or by phone are required.

Tasmanian carriers Tasair, Airlines of Tasmania and Sharp Airlines offer domestic flights between major cities Islands: Hobart, Devonport, Launceston and the King, Flinders and Cape Barren Islands.

The island has one railway line, the West Coast Wilderness Railway, which runs along West coast between Strahan and Queenstown. Travel time is 3 hours, and passengers are even offered lunch.

Another popular and useful way to get around Tasmania is by bicycle. You can ride it either independently or by joining group tour lasting from 1 to 25 days.

Top 5 National parks Tasmania:

• Freycinet National Park and Weinglass Bay
• Cradle Mountain National Park - Lake St. Clair
• Southwestern national park
• Mount Field National Park
• Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park

Local delicacies and shops

In connection with historical events, in local restaurants For a long time, mainly English cuisine was represented. But today on the island of Tasmania you can find cafes with any cuisine in the world. Among the traditional delicacies of the island, we recommend trying the freshest and most delicious seafood: lobster, salmon, Atlantic bighead - exotic deep-sea fish, which is bred on local sea farms, and a variety of shellfish: mussels, oysters and abalone.

Tasmania, like Australia, is famous for its soft, fragrant and weak wine. Let's tell you a secret that the best wineries are located in the Tamar Valley. Sparkling drinks and local beer also hold their own. The Cascade and Boag's brands are popular throughout the country.

Tasmania's King Island is famous for its cheese factories, and Hobart is home to the Cadbury chocolate factory.

Tasmanian honey also deserves attention. It is obtained from the flower pollen of the leatherwood shrub - Eucryphia lucidum. Honey has an indescribable aroma and contains a full range of vitamins.

If you are traveling with a group, we recommend purchasing a Tassie Dining Card. The card offers discounts ranging from 15 to 50% at restaurants, bars and cafes in more than 40 cities in Tasmania. Discounts are also available in some grocery stores, enotecas and delis. Along with the map you will receive a 32-page guide to restaurants in Tasmania, which will help you make the right choice. The card costs $39 and is valid for 30 days for up to six people.

There is also something to see in the stores. Tasmania has long been isolated from civilized life, and the colonial past and passion for preserving antiques have contributed to the local flavor. The shops offer unique antiques such as furniture, home decor, silver, books, coins and porcelain. They will decorate your home interior, giving it coziness, or will become a treasure for collectors. Furniture made from exotic woods - myrtle and cowrie - are in particular demand. You don't have to worry about shipping your luxury sofa as most antique stores offer international shipping services. Let us also tell you that the largest antiques market is located in Hobart. It's called The Antiques Market.

Precious Merino goats roam the island, making Tasmania famous for its wool products. Anyone can purchase wool yarn or ready-made products.

The island is also home to many galleries of paintings, decorative arts and folk crafts. It seems that you can find endless inspiration here.

In a region that was once subject to brutal glaciation, parks and reserves with steep gorges cover more than 1 million hectares, making Western Tasmania's forests some of the last temperate forests in the world. The remains found in limestone caves indicate that people appeared here more than 20 thousand years ago.

Covering an area of ​​over 1 million hectares, the Tasmanian Wilderness constitutes one of the last expanses of temperate rainforest in the world. It includes a contiguous network of conserved lands that extends across much of southwest Tasmania including several offshore islands.

Unlike the mainland, the island of Tasmania is a rugged area with fold structures in the western half and fault structures in the east, both of which are represented in the property. The fold structure area in the southwest is an extremely rugged and densely vegetated area with north-south oriented mountain ranges and valley systems. Changing climates have also influenced landscape development, highlighted most recently by the Late Cenozoic and Pleistocene glacial and periglacial events. Glacial erosion has contributed to spectacular landform features including horns, sharp ridges, amphitheatres, U-shaped valleys and tarns. The coastline was subject to many sea level changes during the freezes and now provides a classic example of a drowned landscape, as illustrated by the contrasting coastline to the south. The special landforms associated with the development of karst were formed through the solution of carbonate rocks such as (Precambrian) dolomite and (Ordovician) limestone. Features include cave systems, natural arches, clints and grikes, sinkholes, karren, pinnacles and blind valleys.

Vegetation has so much along with cool, temperate areas South America and New Zealand as with the rest of Australia. In addition to climatic and edaphic factors, vegetation has evolved in response to fire. Aboriginal occupation has accounted for the main source of fire for the past 30,000 years; later, much fire can be attributed to the interests of fishermen, logging problems and scouts. The fauna is of global importance because it includes an unusually high percentage of local species and relict groups of ancient origin. Due to the varied topography, geology, soils and vegetation in cooperation with harsh and variable climatic conditions coming together to create great amount animal habitats, the fauna is correspondingly diverse.

The isolation of Tasmania, and the Tasmanian Wilderness in particular, contributed to its uniqueness and helped protect it from the impact of rare species, which severely affected mainland fauna. Tasmania was cut off from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait flood at least 8,000 years ago, thus isolating the original inhabitants. The Tasmanian Aborigines were, until the advent of European explorer Abel Tasman, the longest isolated human group in world history, surviving approximately 500 generations without outside influence.

Surveys and excavations of the inland river valleys have located 37 cave sites, all believed to have been occupied between 30,000 and 11,500 years ago based on the finds. Recent discoveries of rock art at three cave sites indicate that this painting had ceremonial significance; hand over the prevailing stencils. Artifact and quarry lithic scatters and mountain shelters in the Tasmanian highlands indicate a distinctive adaptation to this sub-alpine environment in the later Holocinian. South coast contains a range of shell middens; The data available so far suggests changing patterns of shellfish exploitation over several thousand years before the arrival of Europeans in the early 19th century.

Australia and Oceania represents the tiniest part of the world. It consists of the mainland of the same name and about ten thousand small islands scattered throughout the western and central parts Pacific Ocean. total area region exceeds the mark of 8.5 million square kilometers. Its territory is home to about 34 million inhabitants.

General description of Australia

Australia is an island that is also the smallest continent on the planet. Due to the very dry climate, deserts and dry savannas predominate here. Length coastline taking into account Tasmania and other coastal islands, it is almost 60 thousand kilometers. In the north, the continent is washed by the Arafura Ocean and in the south and west by the Indian Ocean, and in the east by the Tasman Ocean and Since the continent began to be actively populated only in the twentieth century, its territory has been little developed. here is just over two people per square kilometer. Australia is the only continent in the world that is occupied by only one state. It was formed at the beginning of the twentieth century, separating from Britain, and is now one of the most developed and richest on the planet.

The country is divided into two territories and six states. To the first administrative unit includes the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territories. The states of Australia are Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, South and Western Australia, and Tasmania. The last of them will be discussed in more detail below.

Geographical position

The state includes not only the island of the same name, but also several other small sushi islands - Macquarie, Flinders and King. Its capital is the second largest city in the state, which is called Hobart. Speaking about where Tasmania is located, it should be noted that the island is located at a distance of 240 kilometers from the mainland (to the south), from which it is separated by the Bass Strait. Its eastern part is washed by the Indian Ocean and its southern and western parts. It should be noted that the island is a structural continuation of the Great Australian Dividing Range, and a large number of bays have formed on its shores.

Opening

Tasmania was discovered long before Australia was colonized. The island was visited back in 1642 by an expedition led by a Dutch navigator. These were the first Europeans to visit here. Then this land was named after the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Colony - Van Diemen. According to some historical information, it was he who sent this expedition to search for new territories.

Development

Like other states of Australia, the island began to be developed by British colonialists in the early nineteenth century. The first British landed here in 1802. The very next year it was proclaimed the second British colony in Australia. Then it was decided to turn this area into an island of convicts. The first famous settlement on its territory was Port Arthur, built in 1830 by prisoners. Its territory was divided into sectors and carefully guarded, since people who committed serious crimes lived here. A hospital, a temple and a post office were equipped for them. The prison was closed only in the seventies of the nineteenth century. In 1856, the island of Tasmania received its current name. The British government made a corresponding decision. It was formed into a separate state in 1901.

Population

The state is home to about half a million people. Most of them are considered Anglo-Australian, in other words - descendants of British immigrants. Only one percent of local residents are indigenous. According to historical data, local aborigines have lived here for about 40 thousand years. There are also Indians, Chinese and some other nationalities on the island. English language here it is considered state. It should be noted that he has a peculiar local accent. Local residents, including aborigines, mainly profess Christianity. The vast majority of them are Catholics, followed by parishioners of the English Church, Protestants and Orthodox. Almost 4% of the population professes Buddhism and Islam.

Climate

Australia and Oceania is considered one of the driest regions on the planet. Their territory receives very little rainfall. Despite this, Tasmanians are able to enjoy all seasons. This is due to the fact that most of its territory is characterized by a temperate climate. It was formed under the influence of the ocean and seas washing the island. Thus, there is neither severe cold nor scorching heat here. It should also be noted that the state receives the most rainfall in Australia. In the western part of Tasmania, their average annual number is 1000 mm, and in the eastern part - 600 mm.

Spring on the island occurs from September to November. The weather at this time is mostly cold and windy. V summer season is 23 degrees Celsius. There are periods when the thermometer rises to 30 degrees. However, this is typical only for areas remote from the coastline. Autumn in Tasmania is a relatively quiet season, characterized by cool nights and fairly warm, sunny days. It should be noted that this time is considered optimal for tourists to visit the state. In winter the weather is usually frosty and clear. Snow falls quite often. Be that as it may, at this time the air here is considered one of the cleanest on Earth.

Nature

The main feature that distinguishes the nature of Tasmania is that it was formed several million years ago and has remained in this form to this day. In many ways, scientists attribute this to the peculiarities of the formation of the island. About 250 million years ago, along with Australia, it formed part of the vast continent known as Gondwana. Then it occupied about half of the planet's surface, mostly covered with rain forests. As of today, the situation has not changed much. Now the island's territory consists of numerous highlands and plateaus. Almost half of its area is covered with impenetrable forests, most of of which still remains unexplored. It should be noted that this is one of the last such places on Earth.

On the island, rare representatives of flora and fauna have survived to this day, which have long since become extinct in all other regions of the planet. Among the vegetation in the local jungle you can see eucalyptus, cypress and spinosa anthrotaxis, southern beech and other trees. In addition, one cannot fail to note the presence of quite rare species of lichens and mosses. The local forests have become a habitat for many fauna representatives found nowhere else. The most famous and exotic animals of Tasmania are koalas, dingoes, little penguins, opossums, echidnas, kangaroos, Tasmanian devils, marsupial wolves and others. In addition to them, there are about 150 species of birds on the island. The rarest among them is the orange-bellied parakeet, which is protected by law in Australia. Local rivers and lakes are teeming with trout.

Economy

The island's economy is based on mining and agriculture. In particular, the region is rich in minerals such as zinc, tin, iron and copper. In addition, the forestry sector is at a high level of development here. Since the state has a temperate climate, as mentioned above, favorable conditions have been created here for the development of vineyards and orchards, as well as for the cultivation of many crops. Approximately twenty percent of the available land is classified as national parks and reserves, so farming cannot be done on it. Like the rest of Australia, Tasmania boasts a well-developed tourism sector. Its formation from 2001 to the present day has been facilitated by favorable economic conditions throughout the country, including cheap tickets for planes and new ferries that provide transport services for the island with the mainland. Many local residents work in government organizations. Another major employer here is The Federal Group, which owns several hotels and casinos and is also involved in wood processing.

Capital

The state and island of Tasmania have their own capital. It is the oldest city in Australia after Sydney, Hobart. It was founded in 1804. As of today, its population is just over 210 thousand inhabitants. The city is not only the administrative, but also the financial center of Tasmania, in which centuries-old traditions are harmoniously intertwined with a modern, energetic lifestyle. Hobart is located in the south-eastern part of the island at the mouth of the Derwent River. It is from here that Australian and French expeditions set off for Antarctica.

Attractions

Due to the presence of the so-called convict page in the history of the island of Tasmania, attractions of this origin are of great interest to tourists. It's no wonder that every year thousands of travelers visit the former walled city and prison - Port Arthur Historic Site. Many popular tours connected to local natural areas and parks. On the territory of the Southwestern Nature Reserve, you can take an aerial excursion, during which tourists have the opportunity to admire the untouched tropical forests, waterfalls and gorges. The island also has its own winemaking region with its own large factories.

One of the main attractions of the capital is the Salamanca Arts Center, which houses numerous organizations, including art studios, galleries and concert halls. Quite popular in Hobart is the Museum of Monuments of the Ancient World, located surrounded by vineyards at a distance of 12 kilometers from the city limits. Big cultural significance There are also local buildings. It should be noted that more than ninety of them are protected by the National Society for the Preservation of Monuments.

Tourist attraction

The island of Tasmania boasts a well-developed tourism infrastructure. In its most visited cities and regions, you can easily rent a hotel room, and students are offered a good choice hostels. It should be noted that there are a large number of car rental stations. In local souvenir shops, tourists can purchase any national amulets and souvenirs. In general, on the island you can find entertainment for almost every taste - from regular excursions to diving. The main thing to remember is that restaurants and shops here are closed on weekends.

Conclusion

To summarize, it should be noted that the island of Tasmania is very beautiful place, a significant part of whose territory is occupied by national parks. All of them are under state protection. There is almost everything you might be interested in here. modern traveler- primeval hills, plains, waterfalls and clear sea water.

Willandra Lake District
The Willandra Lakes District is a UNESCO World Heritage Site No. 167. The area covers an area of ​​2,400 square kilometers in southwestern New South Wales in Australia. Part of the region (about 10%) is occupied by Mungo National Park.

The Willandra Lakes region covers an area of ​​2400 km2 in south-west New South Wales, 582 km west of Sydney. There are five large and fourteen small lakes, formed more than two million years ago.


All lakes (5 large and 14 small) are dry, formed more than 2 million years ago, and are covered with salt marsh vegetation. The region also features unique lunar semi-desert landscapes. There are eucalyptus woodlands.
The region is unique for its paleontological finds of the Pleistocene period, as well as the finds of evidence of human civilization dating back to 45,000-60,000 BC. e. In 1968, the remains of a cremated woman were found in the dunes of Lake Mungo. In 1974, a male burial was found not far from the find. They are considered the oldest remains of human activity on the planet.
The nature in these places, unlike other regions of Australia, is not rich - a semi-desert landscape, many sand dunes, fields with sparse bushes and grass, in places small islands of woodland with eucalyptus and coniferous (such as white pine and Australian blue cypress) trees. About 20 species of mammals have been recorded in the region, including kangaroos and echidnas, as well as emus, several species of bats and many reptiles.


Mungo National Park, located in the Willandra Lakes region and takes its name from the large ancient lake Mungo is world famous for paleontological discoveries proving the habitation of this region about 60 thousand years ago. In the vicinity of Lake Mungo in 1968 and 1974, archaeologists discovered the remains of cremated ancient people - this is a unique, oldest cremation in the world.

There are a total of 19 lakes in the Willandra lake district, and what makes them unique is the fact that they were all formed more than 2 million years ago! In the photo you can distinguish the largest of Willandra's lakes: 1 - Mulurulu, 2 - Willandra, 3 - Garnpung, 4 - Lehur, 5 - Mungo, 6 - Arumpo, 7 - Chibnalwood


In addition to the ancient dry lakes, Willandra can “boast” of interesting semi-desert landscapes, somewhat reminiscent of the moon, among which small eucalyptus groves are occasionally found

The territory of the lake region turned out to be a treasure trove of traces of human activity dating back to 45-60 millennia BC, and the human remains found here in 1968 and 1974 are the oldest burial places of our ancestors today!


wild nature Western Tasmania


In a region that was once subject to brutal glaciation, parks and reserves with steep gorges cover more than 1 million hectares, making Western Tasmania's forests some of the last temperate forests in the world. The remains found in limestone caves indicate that people appeared here more than 20 thousand years ago.

The island of Tasmania, discovered in 1642 by the Dutch navigator Abel Tasman, is located off the southwest east coast Australia. It is cut off from the mainland by the Bass Strait, on its western side Indian Ocean, from the east - the Tasman Sea.

The nature of Tasmania amazes with its pristine fabulous beauty, splendor and uniqueness of landscapes - these are mountain peaks and centuries-old, sometimes impassable tropical forests, quiet green valleys and fast rivers with crystal clear water and ice waterfalls, picturesque gorges and volcanoes, colorful meadows with marvelous flowers and mirror the surface of the lakes, sea ​​shores with a great many narrow bays and snow-white beaches. Surprisingly, the nature of Tasmania still preserves vast spaces where no human has ever set foot.

Orange-bellied parrot, southwest Tasmania. There are about 150 of them left in the wild. A huge number of plants, eucalyptus forests, tree ferns - the wildlife of western Tasmania is in many ways very similar to Australia. In the local mild, humid climate there are both evergreen and deciduous trees.


Many of them reach incredible sizes. The globular eucalyptus, for example, can be up to one hundred and twenty meters in height. There are also southern beeches and Franklin pines with very valuable red wood, spinous atrotaxis (some representatives of the species have lived for more than two centuries), cypress anthrotaxis, rare species of mosses and lichens.

The wildlife of western Tasmania is teeming with exotic animals. This paradise is home to the Tasmanian devil, red wallaby, Tasmanian bettong, marsupial wolf, dingoes, platypuses, koalas, kangaroos, echidnas, opossums, and approximately 150 species of birds.


The cultural heritage of this region, which was the southernmost area of ​​human habitation on our planet, is also of enormous interest. There are more than 40 sacred places local aborigines, which are still of exceptional importance for the modern aboriginal population. Archaeological finds Priceless art collections have been compiled from this region.
It is known, however, that modern cultural history Tasmania is full of drama and even tragedy. During the colonization of the island by Europeans, the local population of the island was almost completely destroyed. According to the 1961 census, there was one (!) Aboriginal person in Tasmania. Now there are many more of them officially listed, but does this mean that the connection between times has been restored? The noted specificity of the region can also be traced in its toponymy.

Here are the names of the rivers of the World Heritage region: Gordon, Franklin, Andrew, Denison, Maxwell, etc. and so on. Needless to say, historically, until quite recently, all these rivers had completely different names, reflecting, as elsewhere in the world, their characteristic features in the languages ​​of those people who lived on their banks. Fortunately, many mainland areas of Australia have still retained their natural toponymy, which is also part of the heritage - natural and cultural.

The island of Tasmania is a world heritage wilderness area covering 1.38 million hectares. It is a stronghold of tropical forests, alpine nature and pristine habitats of rare and endangered animals and plants.

The island of Tasmania is interesting for its extraordinary nature- This the only place in a region where a temperate climate prevails, in the Southern Hemisphere this is found only in the south of Chile and Argentina Tasmania is the most small state Australia.


Almost the entire territory of the island is a large nature reserve. Almost a quarter of its territory has not yet experienced human influence. Impenetrable forests and jungles, mysterious and strange forest animals, a huge number of rare species of birds, a large number of fish in mountain lakes and rivers have been preserved here. One of the legendary inhabitants of the forests of Tasmania is the Tasmanian devil, however, recently the number of this unusual wild animal has decreased significantly.


The nature of Tasmania is exceptional and has no analogues in the world. The heart of Tasmanian wilderness is the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park. Here you can see stunning mountain peaks, tropical forests, deep river valleys, and picturesque gorges. And among all this splendor, protected rivers meander.


Can't be ignored national park-mountain Cradle Lake St. Clair. This national park is one of famous monuments nature, it is included in the list of monuments cultural heritage humanity.


Local lakes – popular place trout fishing and bushwalking, and in the local restaurants you can try real Tasmanian cuisine and taste wonderful Tasmanian wine. Icy rivers cascade from jagged peaks into clear lakes. It offers stunning views of ancient rainforests and alpine moorlands
. East Coast Rainforests
The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia are a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the east coast of mainland Australia, on the border between the states of Queensland and New South Wales.





Inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1986 (extended in 1994) under the name Australian East Coast Temperate and Subtropical Rainforest Parks. It then included 16 areas of rainforest in New South Wales (an area of ​​about 203,500 hectares). In 1994, the facility was expanded to include 40 more facilities, most of which were located in the state of Queensland. Between 1994 and 2007 it was called the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves.






Currently, there are about 50 separate reserves located on its territory, located between the Australian cities of Newcastle and Brisbane. All of them stretch for 500 km along the Great Dividing Range in eastern New South Wales and southern Queensland, and the site itself is a collection of numerous areas of rainforest, which are surrounded by eucalyptus forests and farmland. The rainforests of Australia's east coast are the most extensive subtropical rainforests in the world. The total area of ​​the facility is about 370 thousand hectares.




From a scientific point of view, they are important because they represent a huge accumulation of ancient Australian vegetation, formed at a time when the modern continent was still part of the supercontinent Gondwana. The terrain on which the forests are located is varied. It includes numerous gorges, prehistoric volcanoes, waterfalls, and rivers.




The world of flora and fauna is extremely rich: about half of all Australian plant families and about a third of Australian mammal and bird species are recorded in forests (even though forests occupy only 0.3% of the total area of ​​mainland Australia).
Wet Tropics of Queensland

The Wet Tropics of Queensland is a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the north-eastern coast of mainland Australia, in the state of Queensland. The property is a wilderness area covered in tropical rainforests and characterized by a wide variety of terrain (rivers, gorges, waterfalls, mountains). Located in the Daintree Valley, covering an area of ​​8940 km². Included in the World Heritage List in 1988.




Great Dividing Range
The property has three main geographic regions: the Great Dividing Range plateau, the Great Cliffs region to the east, and the coastal plains. The plateau has a highly eroded topography, formed as a result of both erosion and past volcanic activity.

Individual lava cones and crater lakes have been preserved. The Big Cliffs area is rugged terrain that has suffered catastrophic erosion. There are numerous gorges and waterfalls. The northern part of the World Heritage Site contains extensive areas of coral reefs.

Coral reefs
The climate varies from humid to very humid. There are two seasons in the year: a relatively dry winter and a rainy summer. Average annual precipitation ranges from 4000 mm near the coast to 1200 mm in the western part. The average maximum temperature near the coast in summer is 31°C, and 5°C lower in the winter months. On the plateau and in the area of ​​cliffs, the temperature in summer ranges from 28 to 17 °C, in winter - from 22 to 9 °C.

The world of flora and fauna is extremely rich: about 380 species of plants and 102 species of animals that are endangered or considered rare are registered in the forests. Forests are home to 30% of Australia's recorded marsupial species, 58% of bat species, 29% of frogs, 20% of reptiles, 58% of butterflies and 40% of bird species. Scientifically, native rainforests are important because represent a huge accumulation of ancient Australian vegetation, formed at a time when the modern continent was still part of the supercontinent Gondwana. There are extensive mangrove forests covering an area of ​​about 136 km².

Local forests are the traditional settlement site of the Australian Aborigines, who settled the region more than 50 thousand years ago.
Shark Bay, Western Australia


Photo from space
Shark Bay is a bay in the northwestern part of the Australian state of Western Australia, located approximately 650 km north of the city of Perth.





On old English and Dutch maps it was called "Shark Bay". The bay is a bay with an average depth of 10 meters, which is cut by two peninsulas jutting into the Indian Ocean. Today, Shark Bay attracts about 120,000 tourists annually. In 1991 it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.




In 1629, the Dutch traveler Francois Pelsaert described the bay coast as a lifeless and dreary place. The bay received its first name - Shark Bay - at the end of the 17th century, when an English ship under the command of Captain William Dampier reached the shores Western Australia and stopped in the bay.






Around this time, Dampier mapped the coastline of the bay. According to one version, Shark Bay got its name due to the fact that the sailors of the ship under the command of Dampier caught giant shark, which became food for the hungry crew. According to another, the most common version, the bay received this name because more than ten species of sharks live in its waters, including the tiger shark.


Stromatolites in Hamelin Pool


In 1991, the bay was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a unique ecosystem. The basis of the ecosystem is algae, covering more than 4000 km² of the bay bottom. Plankton, consisting of shrimp and small fish, finds shelter in them. Algae is also the main food for dugongs, of which there are about 10 thousand.


Shark Bay is one of the world's largest dugong habitats. Bottlenose dolphins are found in the bay, attracting biologists from all over the world to the bay. At the southernmost part of the bay is a shallow bay called Hamelin Pool, the world's largest stromatolite formation, which is almost 3 billion years old.
Fossils of Australian mammals (Riversleigh and Naracoorte)

The world's most important fossil sites in Australia are Riversleigh (in the north-east of the mainland) and Naracoorte (in the south-east). In Riversleigh, Queensland, the fossilized bones are very well preserved, thanks to an ideal environment (the calcareous plain is rich in surface water), which, unfortunately, is not so favorable for plant remains.

Paleontologists have discovered fossils of animals that date back to the Cenozoic era (65 million years). These are the fossil remains of bison, frogs, and kangaroos. In 2001, the remains of a marsupial lion, a distant relative of koalas, were found here.

Scientists have found that in the Miocene, herbivorous marsupial mammals lived in the Riversleigh forests - wallabies and rat kangaroos, huge diprotodonts and “strange-toothed” yalcaparidonts. And the last representative of the carnivorous striped marsupial wolf (thylacine, “marsupial tiger”, “Tasmanian wolf”) died relatively recently - in 1933, in captivity.

Of the discovered fossil birds, the “thunderbirds” are noteworthy, resembling ostriches in appearance and being the ancestors of modern flightless species.

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Abstract on the topic:

Wildlife of Tasmania

Wildlife of Tasmania(English) Tasmanian Wilderness) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Includes a number of territories in Tasmania, Australia.

Wildlife of Tasmania as a World Heritage Site it covers 13,800 km 2 or approximately 20% of Tasmania's area. This region contains the last remaining temperate rain forests on Earth. Archaeological excavations show that the caves in the limestone layer were used by ancient people more than 20,000 years ago.

Tasmania is rich in unique fauna; of the 32 species of animals protected in Tasmania, 27 live in the range Wildlife of Tasmania. One of the famous endangered species is the Tasmanian devil. Of the over 150 species of birds, a rare species of the genus Rosella stands out - green rosella.

The following national parks are part of the World Heritage Site Wildlife of Tasmania :

• Mount Cradle and Lake St. Clair(English) Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park )
• Franklin Gordon(English) Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park )
• Hartz Mountains(English) Hartz Mountains National Park)
• Mole Creek Karst Caves(English) Mole Creek Karst National Park )
• Southwestern(English) Southwest National Park)
• Walls of Jerusalem(English) Walls of Jerusalem National Park )
• Central Plateau(English) Central Plateau Conservation and Protected Areas )
• Devil's Throat Nature Reserve(English) Devils Gullet State Reserve)
• Southeast Shearwater Island(English) South East Mutton Bird Island)

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/16/11 09:45:41
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