Which city has the most BRIDGES? and got the best answer

Answer from Vasily.[guru]
The city with the most big amount The bridges are not Venice at all, but Hamburg. There are more bridges here than in St. Petersburg, Amsterdam and Venice combined – 2376.
Hamburg is practically surrounded by water on all sides. The Alster River is divided into two lakes, Binnen and Aussenalster (meaning "inner" and "outer"), located on either side of the city, and the Elbe River flows directly through the city and into the North Sea. This abundance of water means there are many canals, rivers and bridges. In fact, few people know that Hamburg has more bridges than any other city in the world, as well as more canals than Amsterdam and Venice combined. Estimates put the number between 2,300 and 2,500 - far more than the total number of canals in London, Amsterdam and Venice. Below are the most famous bridges of this wonderful city:
Köhlbrand Bridge

The Köhlbrand Bridge opened in 1974 and has been one of Hamburg's most famous landmarks ever since. Its length is 3940 meters, and the span of the central, cable-stayed part is 325 meters. From 1974 to 1991, this bridge was considered the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world.
Network of Hamburg Elbe Bridges (Hamburg Elbbrücken)


New Elbe Bridge (Neue Elbbrücke), Billhorner Bridge, and Freeport Elbe Bridge.


Railroad bridge.


New bridge over the Elbe.


Bridge over the Elbe Freeport
The Hamburg Elbe Bridge Network is a series of independent bridges that cross the Elbe River, which flows through Hamburg. This Hamburg shipping route is divided into two main branches, the North Elbe and the South Elbe, which merge after passing the Elbe Island network.
Hamburg Bridge over the Elbe (Harburger Elbbrücke).


The Old Hamburg Bridge over the Elbe was opened in 1899. The 474 meter steel arch bridge, originally built for vehicles, was the first road bridge across the South Branch of the Elbe.


Kattwyk Bridge

Lombardsbruecke and Kennedy Bridge.


The Lombard Bridge in Hamburg is a railway and road bridge over the Alster River.

One of the lesser-known bridges is the Slamatjen Bridge, located in the Neustadt district on the Ludwig-Erhard street, which crosses the Alster. Since its completion in 1959, it has served as a road bridge. On the bridge there is a wonderful picture carved in stone, which represents two women talking. The area where the bridge is located was once a popular meeting place for water-bearing women.
Hamburg - canals and bridges.

Answer from Asel[newbie]
Astrakhan

Answer from Yoayvik[newbie]
Of course, Hamburg has the most bridges. In second place, in my opinion, is Amsterdam.

Answer from Lyudmila Mikheeva[newbie]
Thank you. And I thought it was in St. Petersburg.

Answer from Tanya Kurdyukova[guru]
Mr. Anapa

Answer from Yoya[guru]
Hamburg.

Answer from KALIAN[guru]
I think in St. Petersburg

Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany and is considered one of the most beautiful in the country. He is also popular tourist destination thanks to its beautiful scenery, unique juxtaposition of historical monuments and modern pubs and nightclubs, including the world-famous red light district of Reeperbahn.

Hamburg is considered a major port city, despite its location approximately 100 kilometers from the North Sea, on both sides of the Elbe River. Hamburg has the country's largest port - the second busiest port in Europe, and the third largest in the world, after the ports of London and New York. Therefore, everyone who loves water, ships and harbors simply must visit it.

Hamburg is practically surrounded by water on all sides. The Alster River is divided into two lakes, Binnen and Aussenalster (meaning "inner" and "outer"), located on either side of the city, and the Elbe River flows directly through the city and into the North Sea. This abundance of water means there are many canals, rivers and bridges. In fact, few people know that Hamburg has more bridges than any other city in the world, as well as more canals than Amsterdam and Venice combined. Estimates put the number between 2,300 and 2,500 - far more than the total number of canals in London, Amsterdam and Venice. Below are the most famous bridges of this wonderful city:

Köhlbrand Bridge

The Köhlbrand Bridge opened in 1974 and has been one of Hamburg's most famous landmarks ever since. Its length is 3940 meters, and the span of the central, cable-stayed part is 325 meters. From 1974 to 1991, this bridge was considered the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world. It is now considered the second longest bridge in Germany.

Network of Hamburg Elbe Bridges (Hamburg Elbbrücken)


New Elbe Bridge (Neue Elbbrücke), Billhorner Bridge, and Freeport Elbe Bridge.


Railroad bridge


New bridge over the Elbe


Bridge over the Elbe Free Port
The Hamburg Elbe Bridge Network is a series of independent bridges that cross the Elbe River, which flows through Hamburg. This Hamburg shipping route is divided into two main branches - the North Elbe and the South Elbe, which merge after they pass the network of Elbe Islands, united into the most big Island on this river.

Hamburg Bridge over the Elbe (Harburger Elbbrücke)




The Old Hamburg Bridge over the Elbe was opened in 1899. The 474 meter steel arch bridge, originally built for vehicles, was the first road bridge across the South Branch of the Elbe. Now it serves only to ferry pedestrians and cyclists. Between 1980 and 1995, the bridge was radically rebuilt. Cantilever walkways were built on both sides of the bridge.

Kattwyk Bridge




The Kattwyk Bridge, crossing the South Branch of the Elbe, is a 290-meter vertical drawbridge with two 70-meter-long entrances for rail and road transport. This bridge, opened on March 21, 1973, connects the Wilhelmsburg quarter with the Moorburg quarter. Both neighborhoods are located on the Elbe island network. Kattwyk is capable of rising to a height of 46 meters and is the largest vertical drawbridge in the world.

The peculiarity of the bridge is that the rails located on it are located in the center of the roadway. Due to the fact that Kattwyk is both a railway and road bridge, road traffic is blocked when a freight train passes through the bridge. These stops usually last between eight and ten minutes. On weekdays, the bridge is raised every two hours to allow ships to pass. During the lifting of the bridge, traffic stops for 15-20 minutes.

Brooks Bridge




The Brooks Bridge, which leads to the city of Speicherstadt, was opened in 1887. The bridge is decorated with four statues, one at each of its corners. The original sculptures were destroyed during World War II. The sculptures that stand on the bridge today were installed in 2001.

Lombardsbruecke and Kennedy Bridge


The Lombard Bridge in Hamburg is a railway and road bridge over the Alster River. It was named after the pawnshop that was located there in 1651. The original wooden bridge was replaced in 1865 by a new 69-metre, three-arch bridge crossing the Alster River.


Next to the Lombard Bridge is the Kennedy Bridge. The second bridge was built in 1953 because the old Lombard Bridge could not cope with the increased traffic. The bridge was originally called the New Lombard Bridge. It was renamed Kennedy Bridge in 1963 in honor of John F. Kennedy after his assassination.


Lombard Bridge and Kennedy Bridge separate the Inner and Outer Alster lakes.

Toll Bridge (Zollenbrücke)


The Toll Bridge is the oldest bridge in the city, built in 1663. The 25-meter bridge, with three different sized arches, is built from sandstone blocks. Railings and lanterns were added in the 19th century when the bridge was widened.

Ellentors Bridge


The Ellerntors Bridge is a stone arch bridge that crosses the Tomb of the Lord's Fleet. For many centuries it served as a direct route from Hamburg to Altona. Built in 1668, this bridge is the second oldest surviving stone bridge in Hamburg.

Otradny Bridge (Trostbrücke)


The Otradny Bridge is a small historical bridge crossing “Nikolaifleet”, which is one of the many narrow coves connecting the city’s docks with the Elbe River. Situated southwest of the city center, it once stood on the border between Hamburg's old and new towns. It was built in 1881. This stone structure is famous for the presence of statues of Count Adolf III and Bishop Ansgar, the founder of the very first cathedral in Hamburg. In translation, the bridge is called “Otradny”. It received this name because convicts were led across it, and the beauty of the bridge was their last joy.

Reesendamm Bridge


The "Reesendamm" bridge crosses the Little Alster lake, Jungfernstieg and mountain road. It was named after Heinrich Müller Reese, who owned a corn mill in the 13th century. The bridge was built in 1843. People love to come to this bridge to admire the beautiful view of the river with swans, which they can feed with pieces of bread.

Bridge "Slamatjen"


One of the lesser-known bridges is the Slamatjen Bridge, located in the Neustadt district on the Ludwig-Erhard street, which crosses the Alster. Since its completion in 1959, it has served as a road bridge. On the bridge there is a wonderful picture carved in stone, which represents two women talking. The area where the bridge is located was once a popular meeting place for water-bearing women.

THE BEST ENGINEERING DESIGNS OF ALL TIME

Surprisingly, the city with the largest number of bridges in Europe is not Venice, as many people think, but Hamburg. This city has more than 2,300 bridges, which is almost 6 times more than in St. Petersburg...

However, the point is not so much in the number of bridges, but in the uniqueness of the most unusual structures. If you think about it, each of these impressive projects, including the newest ones, is capable of glorifying an absolutely unknown place and, at the same time, becoming the most memorable architectural landmark of cities and geoparks with a long history...

VINOGRADOVSKY BRIDGE (1985). KRASNOYARSK. RUSSIA

Vinogradovsky bridge– pedestrian crossing of the Yenisei channel in Krasnoyarsk, favorite place walks of citizens and a tourist symbol of the city. The length of this bridge is 550 m, width is 10 m.

Initially, the bridge was named in honor of the founder of Krasnoyarsk, Andrei Dubensky. However, after some time, by order of the city administration, the unique design was named after the architect-builder Sergei Nikolaevich Vinogradov, the head of Bridge Squad No. 7, who built this bridge.

Thanks to the Vinogradovsky Bridge before desert island Tatyshev became one of the most popular places in Krasnoyarsk. The two-pylon cable-stayed bridge looks incredibly light and elegant, but precise mathematical calculations allow us to have no doubt about the high reliability of its structures, despite their external weightlessness.

BEIPANJIANG (2016). ZHEJIANG AND YUNNAN PROVINCES, CHINA

Beipanjiang- the new highest cable-stayed bridge on the planet, the three-year construction of which was completed in 2016 in China. The bridge is located in the Beipanjiang Valley in the southwest of the country. The new structure became part of an expressway connecting the provinces of Zhejiang and Yunnan. The bridge passes over the Nizhu River at an altitude of 565 m, which is 25 m higher than the Ostankino Tower. The length of the bridge is 1,341 m.

As the builders note, the maximum error in the joining of the two halves of the bridge connected recently is only 5 mm!

More than $150 million was spent on the construction of the structure.

Previously, the bridge over the Sydukhe River with a height of 495 m was considered the highest in the world.

ÖRESUN BRIDGE (1999 - 2000). COPENHAGEN, MALMË. DENMARK, SWEDEN

Unique road-railway design Øresundsbron(a compromise between Danish Øresundsbroen and Swedish Öresundsbron ) connects Denmark (Copenhagen) and Sweden (Malmö) through the Oresund Strait. This is the longest combined bridge-tunnel in Europe. The only link between continental Europe and Scandinavia.

The length of the bridge is 7845 m. Two pairs of free-standing 204-meter load-bearing pylons allow navigation in the main span, 490 m long and 57 m high. However, most ships pass unhindered through the strait above the tunnel.

Project architect - George Rothne, structural design - Ove Arup & Partners.

ZHIVOPISNNY BRIDGE (2007). MOSCOW. RUSSIA

Zhivopisny Bridge in Serebryany Bor- across the Moscow River in the west of the Russian capital. The opening of the bridge took place on December 27, 2007.

A competition for the best design of this bridge, which was supposed to connect three banks of the Moscow River at once, was announced in the early 2000s. In the end, the idea of ​​Omsk architects from NPO MOSTOVIK LLC won, who proposed a cable-stayed structure with an unusual arch made of tubular elements.

The length of the Zhivopisny Bridge is 1.5 km, width 40 m, arch height 105 m. The length of the main span is more than 400 meters, which ensures comfortable passage river boats. The main highlight of the Zhivopisny Bridge is its unique Observation deck and a restaurant in the form of an elliptical “flying saucer”, seemingly frozen above the water at a height of 100 meters...

HARBOR BRIDGE (1932). SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA

Harbor Bridge- most big bridge Sydney and one of the largest steel arch bridges in the world. Sydneysiders jokingly call this bridge "The Hanger" due to its distinctive shape. The bridge opened on March 19, 1932. The length of the arched span of the bridge is 503 m. The total length of the bridge is 1,149 m. The width of the bridge is 49 m.

The Harbor Bridge connects the business part of the city ( South coast) from the central ( North Shore) and crosses Port Jackson Bay.

One of the bridge towers houses a museum and observation deck, Pylon Lookout, which offers magnificent views of the harbor and city center. To climb along the side arch of the bridge to its top, you only need shoes with rubber soles and a special suit with insurance, which is issued on the spot; an instructor will help you with everything else.

RAILWAY BRIDGE OVER THE KAMA (1899, 1998). Permian. Russia

Kamsky railroad bridge It is one of the largest engineering structures in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The design of the spans, developed by engineer E.N. Adadurov, was approved by the Construction Directorate of the Siberian Railway on April 30, 1896. Construction began in 1897. The grand opening took place January 27, 1899 in Perm.

In 1919, the second truss of the bridge on the left bank side was destroyed by Kolchak’s retreating troops. However, soon new structures for the destroyed truss were manufactured at the Chusovsky Metallurgical Plant, and already on February 18, 1920, traffic on the Kama Bridge was restored. The bridge has reached our timein a rebuilt form. In 1953, the bridge was widened by dismantling the ice cutters and erecting supports on the existing caisson foundation. Not only Russian, but also German and Hungarian factories were involved in the reconstruction (at the expense of repartees).In 1988, the spans were replaced with new ones according to the project of the Moscow Giprotransput Institute and the Chelyabinsk branch of Giprostroymost.In terms of its length (840 m), the Kama railway bridge is the largest in the Urals. More than two hundred passenger and cargo passengers pass through it every day. trains in both directions.

SKYBRIDGE/SKYBRIDGE/ (2014). SOCHI. RUSSIA

Skybridge– 440-meter suspension bridge in the Akhshtyrsky gorge of the Adler district of Sochi. A wonderful new attraction of the extreme entertainment park SKYPARK AJ HACKETT SOCHI in the maritime Olympic capital of Russia.

Skybridge may be included in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest suspension bridge in the world. A 700-meter cable car leads to it. The structure stands at a height of 218 m, reaching 290 m above parts of the gorge, which is especially impressive as the bridge is made of a mesh polymer and appears transparent.

The width of the bridge is only 70 centimeters. The new Sochi landmark was designed by New Zealander AJ Hackett. The bridge offers an impressive view of the Mzymta River. The bridge has platforms for fans of bungee jumping (jumping from a height on a cable). The bridge is capable of withstanding an earthquake of magnitude 9.

GLASS BRIDGE (2015). GEOPARK IN THE YUNTAISHAN MOUNTAINS. CHINA

This is the longest glass bridge in the world. It is located in the Hunan Province Geopark in the Yuntai Mountains at an altitude of 180 m and is considered one of the most terrible on the planet.

The bridge was completely rebuilt in 2015. The previous structure connecting the peaks of Stone Buddha Mountain was made of wood and had deteriorated over time. However, 11 fearless engineers, working 12 hours a day, managed to turn it into a unique 300-meter glass “attraction” that creates the illusion of walking on air at a great height.

Not everyone dares to walk across the Glass Bridge. The base of the bridge is made of double-layer glass 24 millimeters thick, which is 25 times stronger than ordinary window glass. The builders claim that the bridge can withstand a load of 800 kilograms per square meter.

Why did the bridge crack?

However, as soon as it opened, the super-strong glass bridge suddenly cracked when one of the tourists dropped a metal thermos of water on it. Eyewitnesses say they were frightened by a loud sound and felt vibrations. Panic set in, people screamed and tried to run away from the bridge, risking running over each other - a word from some blockbuster. Fortunately, it didn’t go beyond the cracks, and no one was hurt. The fall of the thermos damaged only one glass layer out of three. Experts believe that the architects are not to blame. It's all about the features of glass - as a material. As we know from the laws of physics, even bulletproof glass can crack if it hits a certain point. Apparently, the thermos hit just such a point. However, given the presence of several layers of glass, each of which has its own “risk points”, the probability of breaking the bridge completely, even due to a strong blow, is virtually zero.

ECOLOGICAL BRIDGE (2015). HUBEI PROVINCE. CHINA

Built in Hubei Province The world's first ecological low-water bridge above a river. What is noteworthy is that the four-kilometer bridge does not run across the river, but directly along the riverbed, which made it possible not to cut down trees during its construction. The bridge is part of a highway, 10.5 km long. It exactly follows the bends of the river and connects the mountainous district with the central highway. This bridge became a tourist attraction as soon as it opened. And many travelers have already decided to take a ride along the new ecological highway.

AKASHI-KAIKE BRIDGE (1998). ISLANDS OF HONSHU AND AWADZI. JAPAN

Akashi-Kaike Bridge- one of the main works of engineering art in Japan. The longest suspension bridge in the world, reaching almost four kilometers. The length of the steel cables stretched along the bridge is a total of 300 thousand kilometers. This is enough to wrap around the Earth 7.5 times! The bridge crosses the Akashi Strait and connects the city of Kobe on Honshu Island with the city of Awaji on Awaji Island. It is part of one of the three highways connecting Honshu and Shikoku.

Before the construction of the bridge, ferries operated across the Akashi Strait, which was very dangerous due to strong storms. In fact, construction of the bridge began in 1988, and the opening took place on April 5, 1998. First, two concrete foundations for the pylons were built at the bottom of the Akashi Strait. To do this, two huge round forms were placed on the shore for pouring concrete, then they were flooded. The difficulty was to sink them with great precision, but the bridge builders managed this, despite the strong current in the Akashi Strait. For the construction of this bridge, special concrete was developed that does not dissolve in water when poured. The next stage of bridge construction was the pulling of cables, which was carried out using a helicopter. In 1995, when both cables were stretched and the installation of the roadway could begin, a major earthquake of 7.3 magnitude occurred. And due to changes in the topography of the bottom of the strait, one of the pylons moved 1 m to the side, thus violating all calculations. However, engineers found a solution, and construction works We were only delayed for a month. Due to the high cost of travel ($20), few car owners use the bridge, preferring to cross the strait by bus or, as before, by ferry.

SUSPENSION BRIDGE. NEPAL

There is a suspension bridge in Nepal, which was created not to decorate the landscape or attract tourists, but for the convenience of local residents. This bridge is stretched over the gorge, and every day hundreds of people and livestock cross it at their own peril and risk due to the lack of any alternatives. The structure of the bridge is very mobile and weak, so walking on it is very scary.

"BRIDGE OF THE MONKEYS". TATTON PARK. GREAT BRITAIN

An almost weightless bridge hovers over the pond, suspended on three huge white balloons in English Tatton Park. The composition is called "Monkey Bridge". The author of the bridge is the French artist Olivier Grossetete. Unfortunately, people are not allowed to run along such a crossing; it’s just a fabulous art installation.

MILLFU VIADUCT. FRANCE

Futuristic bridge over the clouds Millfu Viaduct is located in France. At the time of its construction, the Millau Viaduct was the highest transport bridge in the world. The height of one of its supports reaches 341 m, i.e. it is taller than the Eiffel Tower and only 40 meters lower than the Empire State Building in New York. The total length of the bridge is 2,460 m. Driving across this architectural miracle, it seems as if you are taking off.

RAINBOW FOUNTAIN BRIDGE BANPO BRIDGE (2009). SEOUL. KOREA

The fountain bridge is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the bridge on which the world's longest fountain is located (length - 1140 m). The bridge connects the two banks of the Hanshui River in the South Korean city of Seoul and became a fountain only in 2009. To the music, water jets illuminated by multi-colored LEDs move, performing a beautiful dance.

“DRUNKEN BRIDGE”/STORSEISUNDET BRU (1989).
PROVINCE OF MËRE-OG-ROMSDAL. NORWAY

Storseisundet bru- one of the seven unique bridges Atlantic Road» Norway, connecting the mainland and the island of Averøy in the province of Møre og Romsdal. The Storsezandet Bridge is built in such a way that, when approaching, it creates the illusion of a springboard from which you can take off with your car. Locals They call this bridge “Drunk” because its shape constantly changes depending on the viewing angle.

HANGING BRIDGE KIKKI (1991). PREFECTURE MIE. JAPAN

The unique Kikki Y-shaped suspension bridge at the Aoyama Kogen Golf Club in Mie Prefecture was designed in 1991. The length of the bridge is 12 meters. This bridge provides club members with easy access from the clubhouse to the golf course. The uniqueness of the design lies in the fact that the bridge is designed without a single support and can be folded and unfolded. The bridge is controlled by hydraulic pumps in the railings. From an architectural point of view, the Kikki Bridge is incredibly beautiful; its railings are made of precious wood and decorated with very fine carvings in the national style.

BRIDGE-AQUEDUCTWASSERSTRAßENKREUZ MAGDEBURG(2003). BERLIN. GERMANY

Wasserstraßenkreuz Magdeburg is the largest water bridge in Germany, connecting the inland port of Berlin with ports on the Rhine. The length of the bridge is 918 m. The bridge is located 10 km north of the center of Magdeburg. On the right bank of the Elbe near the bridge there is locality Hohenwart.

The idea of ​​building such a bridge was first expressed back in 1919, and by 1938 the Rothensee shiplift and bridge supports were ready. During the First and Second World Wars, construction was delayed. Also, after the division of Germany into the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR, construction was postponed indefinitely by the GDR government. With the reunification of Germany, the construction of the bridge again became a priority. Construction began in 1997 and was completed six years later. In total, 0.5 billion euros were spent on the project. Before the construction of the bridge, ships were forced to make a twelve-kilometer detour through the Rothensee lock along the Elbe and through the Nigripp lock.

BRIDGE PYTHON/PYTHONBRUG (2001). AMSTERDAM. NETHERLANDS

Pythonbrug- a serpentine bridge in Amsterdam connecting the Sporenburg Peninsula with the island of Borneo. This is one of the most bizarre bridges in the world. It was built in 2001. The design and construction of this post was carried out by West 8.

BRIDGE-RESTAURANT AYOLA (2003). GRATZ. AUSTRIA

In 2003, New York architect Vito Acconci created the Iola Island Bridge, which spans the Mur River in the city of Graz. The island part of the bridge is a small restaurant in the middle of the river with an interesting interior and an observation deck.

BRIDGE PONTE VECCHIO (1345). FLORENCE. ITALY

Ponte Vecchio - the oldest bridge in Florence and the only one that has preserved its original appearance. The bridge was built in 1345. A distinctive feature of the Ponte Vecchio is the houses crowded on both sides of it. In the center of the bridge the row of buildings is interrupted open area, from which you can admire the river and other bridges of the city.

ROYAL GORGE BRIDGE (1929). GRAND ARKANSAS RIVER CANYON. USA

366 meter bridge Royal Gorge, designed by George Cole and Frank Stahl in Grand Canyon Arkansas River, became the prototype for Jurassic Park. This canyon became especially famous in the mid-19th century. At that time, native silver was found there, but the deposit was quickly depleted. But archaeologists found the remains of dinosaurs in these places, and Canyon City instantly became a popular tourist town, especially for which a unique suspension bridge-attraction with a boardwalk was built. True, in the 1960s, Royal Gorge became notorious as the “suicide bridge”, where those who wanted to take their own lives specially came. Fortunately, at the beginning of the 21st century. They were replaced by tourists who wanted to make extreme jumps from the legendary bridge.

GATESHEAD MILLENNIUM BRIDGE (2001). GATESHEAD, NEWCASTLE. GREAT BRITAIN

The 126-metre Swinging Bridge over the River Tyne between Gateshead and Newcastle, built by architects Chris Wilkinson and Jim Eyre to celebrate the new millennium, is a unique lift-and-swing structure. This design is based on two arches connected by cables, one of which serves as a pedestrian path capable of passing small ships underneath; and the other is raised above the water by about 50 m. When a tall vessel approaches the bridge, the bridge performs a pirouette - the so-called “winking eye”, when six hydraulic jacks rotate both arches 40 degrees around the axis connecting their ends and their top points appear at a height of approximately 25 m above the water. Thus, the bridge “winks” about 2000 times a year, and every time a lot of people gather to look at it. The bridge, weighing more than 800 tons, is capable of withstanding a collision with a ship with a displacement of up to 4,000 tons traveling at speeds of up to 4 knots. Gateshead Millennium Bridge has won more than 30 engineering, architectural and design awards. In 2007, the Royal Mint featured him on the reverse of the £1 coin.

SKY BRIDGE/LANGKAWI SKY BRIDGE (2004). LANGKAWI ISLAND. MALAYSIA

Architects: Peter Wyss, Höltschi & Schurter Dipl. Ing. ETH/SIA AG.

The mysteriously curved “Sky Bridge” actually seems to be floating over an abyss at an altitude of 700 m above sea level. Langkawi Sky Bridge is located near the top of Mount Mat Chichang on resort island Langkawi. Once a hiding place for pirates of the Andaman Sea, it is now a UNESCO Geopark. The length of the bridge is 125 m. It is supported by just one column and cables fixed in the rocks. Cable car in two stages with an intermediate stop, it takes tourists to a viewing bridge at an altitude of 712 m, from where a view of the gorges, the sea and the nearby islands of Thailand opens. In 2005, the bridge was awarded an award at the international Footbridge competition.

TRANSFORMER BRIDGE/ROLLING BRIDGE (2005). PADDINGTON. GREAT BRITAIN

The unique octagonal transformable bridge in Paddington literally unfolds every Friday at noon, turning into a 12-meter footpath over the boat channel adjacent to the canal between London and Birmingham.

The English sculptor Thomas Heatherwick, who created this miracle together with Anthony Hunt and Pacman Lucas, spied the principle of operation of this “segmented kinetic sculpture” from... a garden caterpillar. Hydraulic pistons are hidden in the folding metal parapet of the bridge, synchronously unfolding and collapsing the bridge, which received the prestigious British Structural Steel Design Award in 2005.

HENDERSON WAVES (2008). SINGAPORE

This 36-meter pedestrian bridge- the tallest in Singapore. It links Mount Faber Park and Telok Blangah Hill Park.

The length of the bridge is 274m. The design of the bridge is quite unusual. Seven ribbed steel bulges above and below the bridge deck form a system of side niches that provide seating areas with benches and tables. The internal decoration of the bridge is made of yellow balau wood, the external one is made of ribbed plate metal structures, in which lighting fixtures are hidden for beautiful night illuminations.

GESHER HA-MEITARIM (2008).ISRAEL

The 360-meter bridge at the intersection of Herzl Boulevard and Jaffa Road in Jerusalem is a double anniversary: ​​it was created for the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel and is the fortieth bridge in the work of the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. According to the architect, the bridge for the light rail line with pedestrian walkways, suspended on 66 cables, assembled into a single parabolic structure on one pylon 119 m high, symbolizes the harp of King David. The first two years after the opening, before the launch of the tram line, the bridge was exclusively pedestrian, contrary to forecasts and objections, becoming one of the architectural landmarks ancient city. The new bridge unexpectedly found itself at the center of a political scandal. It lies on the border of East Jerusalem, which was captured by Israel during the Six-Day War and is still legally considered occupied Palestinian territory. PLO hardliners vehemently opposed the construction and threatened to sue the Israeli government.

PONT GUSTAVE-FLAUBERT (2008). ROUAN.FRANCE

Pont Gustave-Flaubert is located in Rouen and is considered the highest drawbridge in Europe (total height 91 m, lifting height of the roadway 55 m). Its length is 670 m. The bridge was designed by Aymeric Zoublin, Michel Virlogeaux and Francois Gillard in such a way that not only cruise ships, but also sailing ships participating in the “Rouen Armada” ship parade. By the way, its opening took place before the next “Armada”. The bridge is named after the French writer Gustave Flaubert, who was born in Rouen, and its lifting mechanism is launched 30-40 times a year. Each highway surface has its own lifting section. At the same time, the opening between the bridge platforms, hanging over the river at a height of 7 m, partially preserves the flow of sunlight to the water under the bridge, which supports the natural ecosystem of the river.

BRIDGE OF PEACE (2010). TBILISI. GEORGIA

The 156-meter pedestrian bridge of Peace over the Kura River, connecting Old Tbilisi with new microdistricts, is one of the most recognizable buildings in the Georgian capital.

Bridge of Peace in Tbilisi. Photo: soloway.org.ua

The bridge, with its Norman Foster-inspired glass panel canopy, was designed by Italian architect Michele De Lucchi and French lighting designer Philippe Martineau.

An interesting illumination system is built into the design of the Peace Bridge: in the evening and at night, every hour, 30,000 light bulbs broadcast a message in Morse code, visible on both parapets of the bridge. This message is made up of the names of the elements of the periodic table that make up the human body. According to the architect, “this message is a hymn to life and peace between people and nations.” For Tbilisi, this bridge played the same role as the Eiffel Tower for Paris, becoming a new symbol of the ancient city, being a modern technological construction.

MOSES BRIDGE (2011). FORT ROVER. NETHERLANDS

Moses Bridge- the newest of the unusual bridges in the world. It is located in Fort Roover, built back in the 17th century. as part of the Brabant line of structures protecting Holland from the invasion of the French and Spaniards.

During the large-scale reconstruction of the fort, the designers were given a difficult task - to throw a bridge over the fortress moat for tourists, making it almost invisible. The architects coped with the task brilliantly; the bridge was designed in such a way that the pedestrian deck is below the water level. From a distance it is invisible, but upon closer examination it resembles a small ditch cutting through a river. Hence the name in honor of the prophet Moses, before whom the waters parted. The bridge is made of specially treated and water-resistant wood. "Moses Bridge" was one of the finalists in the prestigious Dutch Design Awards.

Many will decide that this is, of course, Venice and will be wrong. Someone will say that in Amsterdam - and again bypass. London? No! This city has more bridges than all of these cities listed combined. Two and a half thousand large and small bridges across two rivers, on the banks of which this city is located.

The city where The Beatles began their career, the city after which the most popular dish in the world is named. I think you already guessed that this is Hamburg - the second largest city in Germany.

CITY OF OTHER CITIES

Hamburg also has something of Venice...

And from London...

And from Peter. Although, most likely, St. Petersburg has something from Hamburg. By the way, this boat on the column at the Town Hall is often confused with the boat on the spire of the Admiralty. Why, Hamburg and St. Petersburg are generally sister cities.

Residential areas in the city center:

The Hamburg metro is distinguished by the fact that most of sections passes along the surface and on overpasses, covering mainly northern part cities.

The main square of the city, where the Town Hall is located

Hamburg is a city of symmetry and strict lines...

Homeless...

And water.

WE CAME TO THE PORT TODAY

Hamburg is large transport hub(railways and highways), as well as a sea and river (Elbe River) port. Sea port is largest port Germany, which is the second largest in Europe after Rotterdam.

The port of Hamburg occupies a tenth of the city's territory - 75 square kilometers. The total length of the berth wall is 46 kilometers - this is about 300 berths for sea and ocean vessels..

The port is a seaport, although it is located on the banks of the Elbe River, not far from where it flows into the North Sea.

The port of Hamburg is perhaps the most important attraction of the city, and you can devote a whole day to it. What kind of ships you won’t see here!

"Cap San Diego"- German cargo ship built in 1962. Currently the ship is a museum. The cargo ship was nicknamed the “white swan of the Atlantic.”
“San Diego” went to the same “distant shores” that are sung about in the song about Brazil.

The main attraction of the port of Hamburg is the museum sailboat "Rickmer Rickmers"(Rickmer Rickmers). He is one of the last large sailboats commercial shipping.

The sailboat was used to transport cargoes of rice and bamboo from Far East, with coal from Wales to Chile, and from Chile to Germany with saltpeter.

sailboat Grosherzogin Elisa, built in 1909. It is still in operation as a training vessel and goes to sea.

Bulk carrier (dry cargo carrier) PANTHER MAX in the dock. Built in 2012, it has a length of 229 m and a width of 32 m. It takes on board 44,326 tons.

Ocean cruise giant "Norwegian Escape"- the third liner of the NCL company, the Breakaway Plus project. This is the biggest a cruise ship company NCL, which is larger than its brothers, predecessors Breakaway and Getaway, by one deck. It has just been built and will soon be put into operation.

More than 300 meters long, 40 meters wide, 20 decks, 2206 cabins, which can accommodate up to 5000 passengers.

(www.shipspotting.com)

Premium cabins with a personal butler, two balconies, a jacuzzi and designer interiors, an entire water park on the upper deck with slides and waterfalls, a huge selection of restaurants and bars with a varied menu from several cuisines of the world - a real floating city.

(www.shipspotting.com)

We could also talk about the origin of the expression “Hamburg rooster,” but that would be a completely different story.

We welcome you again to the pages of our website “Me and the World”! Bridges stretch over water, over land, over abyss. Today we will tell you which one is the best long bridge in the world.

When going on a trip around the world, take a look at the top 10 longest structures, take a closer look at the photos, find out where they are and what they are called. And then walk through them in reality.

In 1st place is the Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct - 164,800 m

The Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct connects two cities in Eastern China. This is a railway bridge over which several trains can pass at once. Almost 9 km passes over the surface of the water, the rest of the distance the train travels on land. Construction lasted quite a short time, only four years, and 10,000 people worked here. China spent $8.5 billion on the project and it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest in the world.

2nd place goes to Great Tianjin - 113,700 m

This structure continues the high-speed railway line between the cities of Beijing and Shanghai, and was also built in China.

In 3rd place - Bridge over Wei - 79,700 m

Again the Chinese railway bridge. It connects the banks of the Wei River and crosses it twice. Trains began traveling along it in 2010, although it was built in 2008.

4th place – Bang Na Highway – 54,000 m

This is a six-lane highway, but many consider this road to be a bridge because it passes over the ground. The automobile giant is located in Thailand and took 5 years to build. Serious traffic jams convinced the authorities to build this highway and invest more than a billion dollars in it. And although the highway is toll, many motorists and tourists try to drive along it, avoiding traffic jams and admiring the surrounding views.

Middle of the ranking – Qingdao – 42,500 m

The largest automotive project across the water. The entire 42.5 km of the Qingdao Bridge goes over the bay. It took 4 years to build, and during this time it cost 10 billion dollars. Every day, up to 30,000 cars pass on the road, and only half an hour of time is saved. Some are surprised: why was it necessary to spend so much money from the budget to save 30 minutes?

6th place – Pontchartrain Dam Bridge – 38,420 m

Also goes through the water of Lake Pontchartrain USA. Located in the state of Louisiana and is paid. Now you can drive between the two shores of the lake in just 50 minutes. Very resistant to various elements, but apparently built so low above the water that barges periodically crash into it.

7th place goes to the Hangzhou Bay Bridge - 35,673 m

One of the most beautiful in the world is located in China. Overwater, passing along the Pacific Gulf. The structure is built in the shape of the letter S. Driving through the structure, motorists reduce the distance by 120 km. On the six-lane road you can drive at a speed of 100 km/h. The shelf life is set at 100 years and then the structure will be reconstructed.

In 8th place is the Shanghai Maglev - 30,500 m

This is the most expensive Chinese railway project. It is made on a magnetic suspension. The project cost about 1.6 billion dollars. The road was laid mainly through marshy areas, and every 25 km it was necessary to make concrete pads for supports, and they are expensive. The highest speed of a train on such a bridge is about 430 km/h, but only a minute and a half - after all, there is almost nowhere to accelerate.

9th place goes to the Bridge-Tunnel, which runs across the Chesapeake Bay - 28,140 m

Very interesting building, which becomes an underwater tunnel. Great idea to ride underwater. The building took 35 years to build. The cost to cross the bridge is $12.00 per toll. The cars ride on the surface for some time, and then “go” down into a tunnel under water so that ships can freely sail through the structure.

And the list ends with the King Fahd Bridge - 26,000 m

It consists of several dams and small bridges that connect Saudi Arabia and the state of Bahrain, located on the islands. The name is given in honor of the King of Arabia, who laid the foundation for construction. One of the parts is quite remarkable, because it rises high above the water, like a hill. I would like to tell you about other unique bridges that are not included in the top ten

The longest arched one was built in Shanghai, more than 3.5 km long and about 45 m high

The longest glass curtain wall is again in China with a length of 488 m and a width of 2 m

The structure connects two rocks, and its weight reached 70 tons. When tourists approach the center, it sways slightly. How great this is, but also scary! 500 people can step on it at the same time.

The longest pedestrian cableway runs over the Akhshtyrsky Gorge in Sochi. Length – 439 m and it stretches at an altitude of 207 m

The length of the longest in Europe is 17 km - Vasco da Gama

The structure is quite beautiful and passes over very clear waters. It was built in just a year and a half and was ready for the 500th anniversary of the opening of the route from Europe to India.

In Russia, a long cable-stayed one was built in Vladivostok 3100 m

It is about 29 m wide and weighs 23,000 tons. High pylons rise up to 324 m. Another large cable-stayed one is located in St. Petersburg across the Neva River. It is permanent and has a length of 2884 m.

An unusual “dancing bridge” is laid across the Volga and stretches for 2.5 km

At the end of 2011, it was strengthened with the participation of specialists from Germany.

And here is the current project - the Crimean Bridge

It will be one of the largest in Russia. For 19 km there will be a motorway and railway from the Taman Peninsula to the coast of Crimea through the sea strait. Opening Crimean bridge: .

We shared information about the longest and most unusual bridges in the world, crossing the sea, land, suspension bridges and railway bridges. Share the information with your friends on social networks and see you on the pages of our website!