Java coordinates. Geographic coordinates of Java, Georgia. On the territory of the Botanical Garden they conduct

The Greater Sunda Islands, which form the Malay Archipelago, include the island of Java. On the map it can be found in the northeastern Indian Ocean.

It is not known exactly where the island of Java got its name. According to one of the existing versions, it comes from the Proto-Austronesian word for “house”. According to another, the consonant name of the island is found in the manuscripts of the early Indian epic. There is also the opinion of some experts that “Java” is a derivative of the word “Jau”. From Sanskrit it can be translated as “barley” or “lying in the distance.”

Geography

The island of Java (see photo below) was formed, according to scientists, approximately six to seven million years ago. During the same period, the entire Malay Archipelago appeared.

Java is considered to be the tip protruding above the water mountain range, which stretches from Burma to the Sumatra islands, passing through the Nicobar and Andaman Islands. Many years ago, seismic and volcanic processes provoked the subsidence and uplift of the continent that previously existed in this place. As a result of all this, the island of Java appeared. The landscape of its central part is decorated with Mountain chain, stretching from west to east. The island of Java has volcanoes in this part of the territory. In total there are more than one hundred and twenty of them, among which there are thirty active ones. The most high volcano recognized as Semeru. Its height is 3676 m. It is highest point islands. Other, most significant:

Bromo - 2329 m;
- Merapi - 2914 m.

The latter of these two volcanoes is one of the ten most active on our planet. In 1006, its catastrophic eruption destroyed life on the island for three centuries. Fertile soils turned into desert. Java Island - "Valley of Death". So, without a doubt, one could call it in those days.

Unfortunately, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions often occur in these places to this day. The consequences of such seismic activity are very sad. They lead to numerous destructions and casualties.

Unlike the central part of the island, the coastal areas are swampy lowlands. There are a large number of lakes and many rivers flowing here.

The island of Java has a rather winding coastline. In its bends there are a large number of convenient bays and bays, allowing ships with different landing positions to moor.

The coast of the island, along almost its entire length, has numerous narrow sandy beaches with small dunes that end in tropical jungle.

Climate

The island of Java is located near the earth's equator. This geographical position has a significant impact on the climate of this area. It is equatorial, relatively hot and humid. The weather on the island is characterized by the absence of seasonal temperature changes. All year round it's warm here. The air warms up in the range from twenty-three to twenty-six degrees. Precipitation on the island is usually short-term tropical showers. Their number during the year can exceed 1000-1100 mm. In the northwestern and northern parts islands, this figure is slightly higher. Sometimes it reaches 3000 mm.

Population

Today, Java is home to more than one hundred and forty million people. This allows us to recognize it as the most densely populated island in the whole world.

The majority of Javanese residents are Indonesians. In addition to them, representatives of a number of ethnic groups live on the island, the list of which includes:

Madurese;
- Sundanese;
- Minangkabau.

Alien peoples from India, China and Indochina also live here. They all speak Malay, which is recognized as the official language on the island. You can often hear Javanese words in everyday life. There are also Chinese dialects in the conversations of local residents.

What are the main directions of the national economy of which the island of Java is proud? The population of rural areas and small towns is engaged in growing barley, rice, coffee, including such a famous variety as Kopi Luwak. Industry is also developed on the island. Its industries, such as electronics, processing, mining and textiles, employ the population major cities.

Administrative structure

In Java, the largest city in terms of population, importance and size is Jakarta. On the map it can be found in the northwestern part of the island, on the very coast. This is the largest settlement Malay Archipelago, which is also the capital of Indonesia. Jakarta has a population of 9.6 million. The list of major cities located in Java includes:

Semarang.
- Yogyakarta.
- Bandung.
- Serang.
- Kudus.
- Hook.
- Surabaya.
- Malang et al.
In my own way administrative structure the island is divided into three provinces. These are West, East and Central Java.

Pearl of the Malay Archipelago

Indonesia includes about seventeen thousand islands. However, Java is without any doubt the real queen among them. Despite the fact that this is the most densely populated island on our planet, there are many places untouched by man. A trip to Java will appeal to the most adventurous tourists who want to recharge their batteries and get a real drive. The island offers its guests ancient monuments and huge national parks, volcanoes and rice plantations adjacent to dense forests, savannah areas and large cities.

Jakarta

Many tourists who want to explore Indonesia first fly to the island of Java. The capital of the country is Jakarta, which is a colossal metropolis that serves for many Starting point, from which the path to more interesting and quiet routes begins.

This city is very complex and ambiguous. But it is from here that, as a rule, tourists begin to explore the island of Java. Only in Jakarta, after visiting the sights and areas, can you feel rich history country, its diverse culture and unusual architecture.

On the list interesting places There are numerous capital cities of Indonesia exhibition centers and parks. But among them there are those that deserve special attention from tourists. This is, for example, the Taman-Mini park. There are 27 pavilions on its territory, each of which displays traditional buildings, interesting decorations and other exhibits presented by various provinces. Here you can admire a miniature that represents Indonesia in every detail.

The Park of Dreams, located in the Anchola area, also attracts tourists. On its territory you can buy bone jewelry, batiks and other creations of local craftsmen.
Jakarta and the Tamaya Ismail Narzuki center are also interesting for guests. On its territory there are many venues, which house five theaters and numerous exhibitions. The complex includes a dance hall and a planetarium.

The main attraction of the capital, of which the island of Java is rightfully proud (see photo below), is the National Monument. It is a tower rising more than 130 m above the surface of the earth. The material for its manufacture was Italian marble. From above, the National Monument is decorated with an imitation flame made of gilding. For Indonesia, this tower is a symbol of the capital.

What else can the island of Java please its guests with? Reviews from tourists recommend including the Istiklal Mosque in the list of must-see sites. It is the largest Muslim sanctuary located in Southeast Asia.

Borobudur

Numerous tourists strive to visit the temples of the island of Java. When exploring Indonesia, it is impossible not to visit Borobudur. It is the third largest Buddhist-Hindu temple in the entire world. In size, Borobudur is second only to the Cambodian Angkor, as well as the Burmese Shwedagon.

The Indonesian temple is a step pyramid, the height of which is 34 m. It rises on an artificially created hill, embodying sacred mountain Meru (according to ancient Indian legends, it is the center of the whole world). According to teaching, any visitor to Borobudur or pilgrim begins his ascent “from earth to heaven.” Moreover, the road leading to the temple is a spiral. Walking along it, visitors explore the eight terraces of Borobudur and get acquainted with the history of the emergence of Buddhism, carved into one and a half thousand reliefs and stone sculptures.

The architecture of the temple itself indicates the influence of Persian, Greek, Indian and Babylonian architects. This is a majestic structure, from the upper levels of which an exciting and grandiose view opens. There is also a sculpture of Buddha here. There is a legend that whoever can reach his little finger will certainly have good luck.

The island of Java (Indonesia) is rightfully proud of this real wonder of the world. After all, the Borobudur Temple, which was built 1200 years ago, is a beautiful, grandiose and picturesque structure. It survived the eruption of the nearby Merapi volcano, a change in not only the political course on the island, but also the religion. It retained its beautiful appearance even after the invasions of treasure hunters.

Prambanan

What else attracts tourists to the island of Java? The attractions located on its territory contain another masterpiece in their list, which ranks lower than Borobudur. This temple complex Prambanan. Unlike Borobudur, it is located on a plain, which locals call the “Valley of the Kings”. This territory is literally strewn with the ruins of ancient buildings.

The Prambanan complex itself is a collection consisting of three temples, each of which is dedicated to one of the gods - Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva. The walls of these amazingly beautiful buildings are decorated with bas-reliefs, the subjects of which are taken from scenes from the ancient Indian epic called the Ramayana.

The year 856 is considered to be the end of the construction of Prambanan. This temple commemorates the victory of the Hindu king Pikatan over the Buddhist king belonging to the Shailendra dynasty.

Kraton

What other temples does the island of Java offer its guests to explore? The attractions that the Javanese are proud of include the Kraton palace complex. Local residents consider it the “navel” of the world. The palace was not only the seat of the sultanate for the island. The Javanese believed that the center of the Universe was located here.

In Kraton there are:

The chambers of the Sultan himself and his family members;
- throne room;
- pavilions for various performances;
- mosque;
- chambers for contemplation.

In the 19th century interior decoration palace complex has been changed. It was given European features. Cast iron columns and Italian marble, furniture and chandeliers in the Rococo style appeared. All these interior details are in strong contrast to the Javanese base of the Kraton.

Bogor

Not far from the bustling capital Jakarta lies a tranquil town. Just an hour's ride from the metropolis by train, and you are in Bogor, famous throughout the island for its huge botanical garden. Here you can see the largest flower on our planet - “Amorphophaldus titanica”.

Local residents call Bogor “the city of rain”. Indeed, it always rains here every afternoon. That is why it is better to walk in the botanical garden early in the morning. Visitors will see amazing trees that look like bell-bottoms. There is a Mexican garden, an orchid garden and much more. IN royal park, which is located next door, deer roam.

Gunung Halimun

This is one of the majority national parks islands of Java. It differs from all the others in that the road to it is relatively simple. It is enough to drive from Bogor only an hour and a half.

Gunung Halimun Park is worth a visit for those tourists who are lovers of fauna and flora. Here you can see a large number of plants, dozens of bird species, as well as mammals (including the endangered West Javan gibbons).

Malang

This city was founded by the Dutch in the 18th century. Tourists who choose it get acquainted with the eastern part of the island of Java. Malang attracts visitors with its surroundings, where coffee plantations lie comfortably. There are also numerous hindu temples, built on the slopes of Penanggungan Mountain, which the locals consider sacred. Not far from Malang are the most famous beaches among tourists, the most popular of which is Balekambang. From the city you can quickly reach volcanoes such as Seperu, Bromo and Ijen. Public transport runs to them from Malang.

Taman Sari

There are also special attractions in Java. One of them is Taman Sari. This is a water castle, built specifically for the Sultan in 1758. Taman Sari is a whole park of palace complexes with canals and pools. The castle has underground tunnels and special secret rooms.

Latitude: 42°23′58″ N
Longitude: 43°56′12″E
Altitude: 1084 m

Coordinates of Java in decimal degrees

Latitude: 42.3997200°
Longitude: 43.9366700°

Coordinates of Java in degrees and decimal minutes

Latitude: 42°23.9832′N
Longitude: 43°56.2002′E

All coordinates are given in the WGS 84 world coordinate system.
WGS 84 is used in the GPS global positioning and navigation satellite system.
Coordinates (latitude and longitude) determine the position of a point on the Earth's surface. The coordinates are angular values. The canonical form of representing coordinates is degrees (°), minutes (′) and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use the representation of coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes or decimal degrees.
Latitude takes values from −90° to 90°. 0° - latitude of the equator; −90° - latitude South Pole; 90° - latitude of the North Pole. Positive values correspond to northern latitude (points north of the equator, abbreviated N or N); negative - southern latitude (points south of the equator, abbreviated as S or S).
Longitude is measured from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian in the WGS 84 system) and takes values from −180° to 180°. Positive values correspond to east longitude (abbreviated as E or E); negative - western longitude (abbreviated as W or W).
Height above sea level shows the height of a point relative to conventional sea level. We use a digital elevation model

The island of Java is part of the Greater Sunda Islands and is located near Sumatra. Scientists to this day cannot understand why it received such a name. There are several theories. According to one of them, the word “Java” is of Protonesian origin and is translated as “home.” Some scholars believe that the name comes from Sanskrit and means either “barley” or “lying on the other side.”

basic information

Experts refer to “Java” as mainland islands, and to volcanic ones. This is due to the fact that at its base lies a long mountain range stretching through the central part of the island.

The highest point is the Semeru volcano, which has remained active to this day. In general, more than 120 volcanoes can be counted throughout the entire area of the ridge. The central part of the island has a mountainous landscape, but as soon as you go down to the coast, you find yourself in a swamp.

There are a lot of rivers and lakes here, among which Jangari, Jatiluhur, and Sungai deserve special attention.

The first man appeared on the island, presumably, in the second millennium BC. e. Scientists suggest that he most likely came from the island of Sumatra. Around the 3rd century AD, cities arose on the island and the first state entities. One of the very first was Sakalanagara, which gave rise to Tarum, Sundu and Matar. The latter has a rich past and a long history of rule. Over time, it fell into decay and broke up into several small state entities.

At the end of the 13th century, an expedition was assembled to Java led by the Mongol Khan Kublai Khan, famous for his conquest of China. The empire he created on the island extended its influence to almost all of the Sunda Islands. After a couple of centuries, it weakened greatly and broke up into a number of Muslim states.

In the 17th century, European invaders began to enter Java. They created a huge number of colonies and trading posts on the coast. The Dutch showed great activity in conquest. Step by step they subjugated all the islands Sunda archipelago, founding the trading post city of Batavia, which is known to contemporaries as Jakarta, the capital. Immediately after the end of World War II, Indonesia became independent and annexed Java.

Time has passed and today the island of Java is the largest cultural, historical and political center Indonesia with well-developed infrastructure.

Population of Java

According to recent estimates, the island's population has long exceeded the number of 140 million people. Thus, Java is recognized as the most densely populated island in the world. National composition is diverse, but the majority of residents are Indonesian-Japanese. In addition, in the composition you can find Sundanese, Madurese and those who came to different time people from . State language Malay is the language spoken throughout the island. It is not uncommon to hear Chinese and Javanese dialects.

The main occupation of the local population is agriculture. Villagers grow rice and other cereals. The cities have developed industries: textiles, electronics, mining and processing.

The largest city on the island is Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It is home to more than 9 million people. Next in size and number of inhabitants are Semarang, Serang, Bandung and others.

Weather on the island of Java

The island's climate is determined by its location relative to the equator. It is always warm and very humid here. There are no sudden changes in temperature, even despite the pronounced seasonality. The average air temperature remains at 24 degrees.

Showers and hurricanes here are always short-lived.

Flora and fauna

The flora is not particularly exotic and unique. IN tropical forests Lianas, bamboo, and huge ficus trees grow. Just above sea level, the diversity of vegetation becomes richer. You can find oaks, chestnuts and some types of conifers.

The fauna of the island is much more interesting and diverse. Java is home to more than 150 species of animals. Among which there are many endemics.

The island's cuisine is considered the most non-exotic. The main components of the dishes are rice, vegetables, and beef. Local fruits, of which there are a lot in Java, are very popular. If you really want to try real traditional food, you should go to small cafes where the local population eats. They are always delicious and very cheap, unlike restaurants where guides constantly lead you. However, even here you can find exotic things.

In the village of Tuban, earth pies are popular. They are made from silty soil from rice fields. According to local residents, this dish is considered nutritious and very healthy. The village population tries not to talk about the taste of the pies.

The Javanese drink cane juice, ginger tea, local beer “tuak” and palm vodka.

In Indonesia, the islands of Bali are the most famous and beloved by tourists, but Java also has a lot of interesting things to offer. The beaches on the island are covered with white, coarse sand, and the sea is always clean. In addition to this, in local cities There are many attractions that can surprise any tourist. Let's meet the most popular places on the island of Java.

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Bromo National Park is located near the city of Surabaya. This is one of the most amazing attractions in Indonesia, which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. The park covers an area of more than 800 square meters. meters. On its territory there is great amount dense forests, waterfalls and several active volcanoes. Thanks to them most of national park covered with black, volcanic sand, creating a special alien effect. The park got its name from local tribe– tenggers and two mountains.

The park is unique thanks to its five volcanoes, which, according to legend, lead to underworld. You can climb to the top on foot or by jeep. This place is wildly popular among tourists and is rightfully considered the highlight of the island.

Borobudur Temple Complex

The temple complex is located 40 kilometers from Jakarta. This place is not only considered the highlight of the city, but is also known throughout the world. It was erected around the 8th-9th century. For a long time, the temple complex was hidden from human eyes in the shadow of a dense jungle, covered with tons of volcanic dust. The ancient structure still remains a mystery to scientists. No one can give an exact answer when and by whom Borobudur was built. Also, no one can understand why it was abandoned after the eruption of one of the five volcanoes.

If you look from the outside, the entire temple complex resembles a huge 34-meter bell. In its structure, it is a pyramid, the base of which is made up of several large concrete slabs. They have carved stupas in the shape of bells. Inside each stupa there are Buddha statues.

Prambanan Temple Complex

This is an amazing landmark dating back to the 9th century. The temple complex is located a few kilometers from Jakarta. Prambanan is considered the largest in Indonesia. There is a huge statue of Shiva inside the temple. Prambanan is often called the Lara Jonggrang Shiva Temple. On the sides of the main temple there are small structures that represent the sacred animals of Indonesia. Also on the territory of Prambanan there are numerous tombs and premises for sacrifices. Recently the temple complex was recognized world heritage UNESCO.

This ancient building has been destroyed more than once. This was due to numerous earthquakes, as well as the volcanic activity of Merapi. For more than a hundred years, restoration work has been underway to restore Prambanan.

Mount Merapi

Mount Merapi is the most active volcano in Indonesia. He smokes constantly. Small eruptions occur every two years, but large ones occur every 15 years. The last time strong volcanic activity was observed was in 2006. Thanks to this, Merapi is among the top ten active volcanoes in the world.

Such fame does not interfere to the local population live at the very bottom, and tourists climb to the very top. The beauty seen from a great height surprises and amazes.

Old city

The Old Town is located in Jakarta and covers an area of about 1.5 square meters. kilometers. This place is cultural center, who collected greatest number ancient monuments. First locality on this territory was created in the 14th century. Then the port was built. Over time, more and more new objects appeared in the city. The Dutch made a great contribution to the development of the Old City, building amazingly beautiful temples. The site is currently listed as a World Heritage Site.

The Old Town is home to many different cultures. That is why this place has a special atmosphere that attracts thousands of tourists.

Taman Sari Water Palace

The palace was founded in the 18th century by the ruler of Jakarta. The complex included leisure rooms, a main palace, a lake, and a swimming pool. The building took several years to build with money allocated from the state treasury. Taman Sari was a real work of art at that time. The palace had its own individual sewer system. The castle was separated from the outside world by a huge dug canal. The water supply came from the lake. Some rooms had warm, heated floors.

In addition, a large network was dug under the palace underground passages, which connected some rooms to each other. There have always been legends about the magnificent garden of the palace complex. That is why the castle is called Taman Sari, which translates as “blooming garden”. Today, ruins remain of the once majestic structure. Some of the territory is inhabited local residents. IN last years The palace complex is being restored. The swimming pool and several rooms have been restored and are open to the public.

Bogor Botanical Garden

This is one of the most famous places on the island. The garden is located near Jakarta in the province of West Java. It is otherwise called “Kebun Raya”. The entire territory of the botanical garden has a huge area of 87 hectares. In addition, there are 4 branches of Kebun Raya scattered around the island of Java. The garden's collection includes more than 15 thousand of a wide variety of plants, comprising 6,000 species. In this place you can still see the plants planted at the founding of Kebun Raya. In addition to endemic plants, there are many specimens brought from other countries, as well as rare species.

The Bogor Garden is also called a center for nature studies. And for good reason, since scientists from all over the world constantly come here. The gates of Kebun Raya are constantly open to numerous visitors. Here you can not only take a break from the bustle of the city, but also learn a lot of new things by visiting the zoological and botanical museum. One of the main exhibits of the Bogor Garden is the collection of orchids. Some species of this amazing flower are found in indoor greenhouses, while others grow on open-air lawns.

Sea of Sands

The sea of sand is a unique sight and is located in a large caldera with a diameter of 10 kilometers. Majestic volcanoes have erupted tons of lava rock for many millennia, which over time turned into large volcanoes. Once here, you plunge into a special atmosphere.

The landscape that reveals itself is very reminiscent of the surface of the moon. A special effect is added by the foggy haze over the crater, which constantly hangs over the volcano.

thousand islands

U north coast In Java you can see a huge number of small islands. From a great height it seems as if there are more than a thousand of them. However, calculations have shown that there are about 115 continental formations in this area. Their number may vary depending on the tides. So Jakarta is the only place, on whose territory there are more than a hundred islands.