History of Crimea from the point of view of administrative-territorial division. Detailed map of Crimea with cities and towns in Russian Division of Crimean cities by administrative functions

On March 11, 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council unilaterally adopted a declaration of independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The declaration established that if at the upcoming referendum a decision is made to annex Crimea to the Russian Federation, Crimea will be declared a sovereign and independent republic and in this status will turn to Russia with a proposal to accept it into the Russian Federation. Russian Federation as a new entity.

At the all-Crimean referendum on the status of the republic that took place on March 16, 2014, the overwhelming majority of voters cast their votes for the annexation of Crimea to Russia, as evidenced by the official results of the referendum. The next day, March 17, 2014, the Republic of Crimea was unilaterally proclaimed on the territory of Crimea, including Sevastopol, a city with a special status. The republic received the temporary status of a sovereign state and turned to Russia with a request to accept it into the Russian Federation.

On March 18, 2014, an interstate agreement was signed on the admission of the independent Republic of Crimea to Russia and the formation of two new subjects of the Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the city federal significance Sevastopol. The agreement provided for a transition period until January 1, 2015, during which the issues of integration of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol into the economic, legal, financial and credit systems of the Russian Federation, into the system of government bodies of Russia, issues of military service and execution should be resolved. military duty in the territories of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.

On March 21, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin signed a federal constitutional law on the entry of the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation and the formation of new federal subjects. The day before signing, on March 20, the law was adopted by the State Duma and approved on March 21 by the Federation Council. Together with the law, Vladimir Putin approved the ratification of the Treaty on the Admission of the Republic of Crimea to Russia. At the same time, the Crimean Federal District was created by a special decree, the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Crimean federal district Oleg Evgenievich Belaventsev was appointed.

According to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin dated April 2, 2014, the Republic of Crimea was included in the Southern Military District. On April 11, 2014, the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol were included in the list of subjects of the Russian Federation in the Russian Constitution.

On the territory of the Republic of Crimea, after it became part of Russia, the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on October 21, 1998 and came into force on January 11, 1999, continued to apply.

On April 11, 2014, an extraordinary meeting of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea was held, at which they approved the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea, consisting of 10 chapters and 95 articles, its main provisions are similar to the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the new Constitution, the Republic of Crimea is a legal, democratic state within the Russian Federation, an equal subject of the Russian Federation. The source of power in the republic is its people - part of the multinational people of Russia. In the Republic of Crimea, three state languages- Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar. The highest official is the head of the republic, elected for a term of 5 years by deputies of the State Council of Crimea. On October 9, 2014, Sergei Aksyonov was unanimously elected head of the Republic of Crimea by the State Council of Crimea.

In the territory Crimean peninsula. Satellite map Crimea shows that the republic borders the Kherson and Zaporozhye regions of Ukraine, Krasnodar region and is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. The republic does not include Sevastopol. The area of the region is 26,081 square meters. km.

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is divided into 14 districts, 16 cities, 56 urban-type settlements and 950 villages. Largest cities Crimea – Simferopol ( administrative center), Kerch, Evpatoria, Yalta and Feodosia. The republic's economy is based on industry, agriculture, viticulture and tourism. Many areas of Crimea are considered resort areas.

Symbol of the Republic of Crimea - " bird home" in Yalta

The Republic of Crimea occupies an ambiguous position. Most of The population of the republic is represented by Russians (58.5%). It is interesting that there is no state or national language in Crimea, since representatives of a wide variety of nations live in the region.

Massandra Palace

Brief history of the Republic of Crimea

In 1921, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed. In 1941-44 the region was subject to German occupation. In 1946, the Crimean region was created, which in 1954 became part of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1991, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored, and in 1992, the Republic of Crimea was created. In 1994 it was transformed into the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Valley of Ghosts in the Dzhemerdzhi tract

Sights of Crimea

On a detailed satellite map of Crimea you can see the main resort cities of the region such as Yalta, Alushta, Alupka, Yevpatoria, Sudak, Koktebel and Feodosia. There are numerous natural attractions on the territory of the Republic of Crimea: dormant volcano Kara-Dag, Cape Kapchik and Royal Beach in the village of New World, Cape Meganom, Zelenogorye (Arpat) region near Sudak, Valley of Ghosts on Demerdzhi, Grand Canyon Crimea, Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall and Kazantipsky reserve.

Village New World in Crimea

In Crimea, it is worth visiting the famous “Swallow’s Nest”, the Dulber Palace, the palace of Countess Panina in Yalta, the Massandra Palace in Massandra, the Gurzuf Park in the village. Gurzuf, Vorontsov Palace in Alupka, cave city Chufut-Kale and Genoese fortress. It is also worth visiting the city of Bakhchisarai and Little Jerusalem in Evpatoria.

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the northern part of the Black Sea. A satellite map of Crimea shows that from the northeast the area of the peninsula is washed by the Sea of Azov.
Most high point The region is considered to be Mount Roman-Kosh, whose height is 1.5 thousand meters.
Crimea from mainland connected by the small Perekop Isthmus.

There are three different types relief: mountainous part, area of hilly plains and plains.
Yandex maps of Crimea clearly demonstrate that the vast territory of the peninsula is crossed by more than 250 waterways. Also in the region a large number of salt lakes. The most famous and big lake– this is Sasyk-Sivash.

The longest river is the Salgir. On the territory of Crimea there are more than 150 nature reserves. The region has rich recreational resources.

Central regions of Crimea

All cities in the region are connected to each other using bus routes. Also, the areas on the map of Crimea have trolleybus service. There are sea routes in the region. In Kerch there is a ferry crossing through which passengers and cargo are transported to the peninsula from the Krasnodar Territory.

The Bakhchisarai region predominantly has mountainous terrain. The area is famous for its ancient monuments: ancient cave settlements on mountain plateaus. Also in this area is the Grand Canyon Nature Reserve and various nature reserves.

A map of Crimea by regions in the east of the peninsula will help you find the Kirovsky district. The most important attractions of this part of the region are considered to be Old Crimea. In the east of the region there is the Feodosia Reservoir and Lake Achi.

Mining materials include the following materials: gravel, clay and limestone. The main place in the economy is given to agriculture. There are state farm factories and large farms in the area.

On the shore of the Karkinitsky Bay, using the map of Crimea, you can find the Razdolnensky district. Numerous natural resources are concentrated on its territory: therapeutic mud on Lake Bakalskoye, hydrogen sulfide springs, as well as favorable for treatment climatic conditions. Cereals, melons, and vegetables are grown on the fertile soils of the region. This area is considered a resort area.

A map of Crimea with villages shows where the Black Sea region is located, which is located on the Tarkhankut Peninsula. The area produces minerals such as shell rock, natural gas and limestone. Resort area this area is famous budget holiday. There are industrial organizations and agricultural enterprises on the territory.

Map of Crimea with cities and villages

Find and explore famous cities The peninsula will allow a map of Crimea with cities and villages:

Simferopol is considered the capital of the region and an important industrial center. On its territory there are many food factories and companies: a dairy factory, a confectionery factory, a pasta factory, and a cognac factory.
Sevastopol is a city of federal significance. It houses the Russian fleet.
Kerch is small town on the shore Kerch Strait. It is in this locality that the ferry crossing is located. This is one of the oldest cities in which many ancient architectural monuments have been preserved.
Detailed map roads of Crimea will lead to Evpatoria. The city is located on the shores of the Kalamitsky Bay. On its territory there is an extended sanatorium-resort area, as well as Old city with an area of ancient buildings. Evpatoria is famous big amount medicinal natural resources: mineral water, brine and healing mud. In the vicinity of the city there are famous lakes: Moinak, Sasyk and others.
Feodosia represents transport node, where road, water and rail routes converge. The resort industry is considered the basis of the economy. There are beach areas in the city, mineral springs and various sanatoriums.
Yalta is one of the most famous resorts peninsula.

Economy and industry of Crimea

With a map of Crimea with settlements you can find all the enterprises of the city. The main industries of the region include industry, tourism, construction and agriculture.
Scientific centers of various profiles are located on the peninsula. In the southern part there is an astrophysical observatory.

The bulk of industrial production occurs in manufacturing enterprises.
A map of Crimea will help you study the economic objects of the peninsula in detail. The most important industries in the region include: chemical, food, engineering and construction.
Grain farming is developed on the peninsula. Wool, milk and meat are also produced.

There are more than 700 sanatorium-resort institutions and large hotels in Crimea.
The Crimean peninsula is distinguished by its richest recreational resources.

During the period from 1783 to 1917, transformations took place in the ATD of Crimea as part of the Tauride province Russian Empire. Since the end of 1920, after the final consolidation of Soviet power in Crimea, the closest to modern changes in the structure and composition of the Crimean ATD began.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War in June 1945, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Crimean Region. At that time, it consisted of 32 ATEs (26 districts and 6 cities of regional significance).

Since 1948, the process of consolidation of the administrative-territorial division of Crimea has been taking place. By December 1962, the Crimean region consisted of only 10 rural districts: Alushta, Bakhchisaray, Belogorsky, Dzhankoy, Evpatoriya, Krasnogvardeysky and Krasnoperekopsky, Leninsky, Nizhnegorsky and Chernomorsky (Figure 2). The city councils of regional subordination were Yalta and Feodosia, and also, since 1964, Alushta. In addition to them, the cities of Simferopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Dzhankoy were subordinate to the regional council.

Figure 2. - Administrative-territorial division of the Crimean region, 1962

In 1963, the Evpatoria district was renamed Saki. In 1964, the Alushta district was liquidated, and Alushta became a city of regional subordination.

In 1965, rural areas were replaced by districts, Kirovsky, Razdolnensky and Simferopol districts. In 1966, Pervomaisky and Sovetsky districts were separated. In 1979, the city of Saki received the status of a city of regional subordination, and the Sudak district was formed.

In 1993, Armyansk received the status of a city of republican subordination. And in 1994, Crimea became an Autonomous Republic. From that moment on, the modern administrative-territorial division of Crimea was established.

As part of Ukraine, being an Autonomous Republic, Crimea had the following administrative and territorial division (Figure 3). The ARC consisted of 25 regions:

· 14 districts with a predominantly rural population and a center that is an urban-type settlement (which had the status of an urban settlement);
· 11 territories subordinate to city councils of cities of republican subordination with a predominantly urban population and a center in a city of republican significance.

The ARC included the following districts: Bakhchisaraysky, Belogorsky, Dzhankoysky, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Krasnogvardeysky, Krasnoperekopsky, Nizhnegorsky, Sovetsky, Saki, Pervomaisky, Razdolnensky, Simferopol, and Black Sea districts. And the following territories subordinate to city councils: Alushta, Armenian, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Kerch, Krasnoperekopsk, Saki, Simferopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta city councils.

Figure 3. - Administrative-territorial division of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (2013)

In connection with the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation in 2014 as its full subject, the ATD has undergone some changes related to the already existing legislative framework of Russia in this area.

According to the Law of the Republic of Crimea dated June 6, 2014 No. 18-ZRK “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Crimea”, Article 2, the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out on the following principles:

· taking into account the historically established settlement system in the Republic of Crimea and its development trends;
· independent determination, within its own jurisdiction, of the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Crimea;
· territorial integrity of the Republic of Crimea;
· optimization of the system of public administration and local self-government, balanced development of territories;
· taking into account the opinion of the population, the level of integration of territories, industrial, economic, social and cultural ties;
· creating conditions for protecting the interests of ethnic groups in densely populated areas.

According to Article 5, the following categories and types of settlements are established in the Republic of Crimea:

· Settled areas, depending on the population size, the degree of improvement and development of social, industrial, transport and other infrastructure, the nature of employment of the majority of the population, and historical features, are classified as urban or rural settlements.

Urban settlements include the following types of settlements:

Rural settlements include the following types of settlements:

· Urban-type settlement;
· village;
· village

Article 6 presents the types and list of administrative-territorial units:

1. The administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Crimea are cities of republican significance and districts.

A city of republican significance may consist of districts in the city.

2. The Republic of Crimea consists of the following administrative-territorial entities:
1) the city of republican significance of Simferopol with its subordinate territory;
2) the city of republican significance of Alushta with its subordinate territory;
3) the city of republican significance Armyansk with the territory subordinate to it;
4) the city of republican significance Dzhankoy with the territory subordinate to it;
5) the city of republican significance of Evpatoria with its subordinate territory;
6) the city of republican significance of Kerch with the territory subordinate to it;
7) the city of republican significance of Krasnoperekopsk with the territory subordinate to it;
8) the city of republican significance of Saki with the territory subordinate to it;
9) the city of republican significance of Sudak with its subordinate territory;
10) the city of republican significance of Feodosia with the territory subordinate to it;
11) the city of republican significance of Yalta with the territory subordinate to it;
12) Bakhchisarai district;
13) Belogorsky district;
14) Dzhankoy district;
15) Kirovsky district;
16) Krasnogvardeisky district;
17) Krasnoperekopsky district;
18) Leninsky district;
19) Nizhnegorsky district;
20) Pervomaisky district;
21) Razdolnensky district;
22) Saki district;
23) Simferopol district;
24) Sovetsky district;
25) Black Sea region.

That is, there have been some qualitative changes in the ATD. The adjacent territories of cities of republican significance with the settlements located on them became urban districts ( municipalities). Urban-type settlements, which previously had the status of urban settlements, were transformed into rural settlements, which in turn led to a reduction in the overall level of urbanization in the Republic of Crimea.

Crimea is large tourist centre Black Sea. The territory of the peninsula is divided between two administrative entities: the republic of the same name and the Sevastopol City Council.

Relatively recently, Crimea appeared on the map of Russia - this peninsula became part of our country in March 2014.

Cities and towns of Crimea

Detailed map of Crimea with all roads and routes

The capital of the republic is Simferopol. It has a rich ethnic composition: Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Uzbeks and other nationalities live in it.

There are many resorts of various types on the peninsula, located both on the coast and at some distance from it. As a rule, they are tied to populated areas.

Resort cities of Crimea

Yalta

Yalta is big resort town on the South Bank. The city is the center of a large agglomeration - Greater Yalta, which includes villages Alupka, Livadia, Oreanda, Massandra.

Yalta has the best climatic conditions for treating patients with diseases of the nervous and respiratory systems. The local ecosystem is unique, as it was formed under the influence of both mountainous and coastal climates.

Within the city there are many historical and architectural attractions. Among the latter, “ bird home"- a building on a steep cliff above the sea, resembling medieval castle. In addition, there are many others in Yalta memorable places, including the Livadia, Vorontsov and Massandra palace complexes.

Outside the city there are waterfalls Wuchang-Su, mountains Ayu-Dag And Ai-Petri, lake Karagol, Cape Nature Reserve Martyan. The developed transport infrastructure allows you to get to any of these attractions.

Sevastopol

Sevastopol is a large sea port, home of the Black Sea Fleet. The city is surrounded mountain range, which may seem interesting to connoisseurs active rest.

There are many agencies in Sevastopol that are ready to organize diving and windsurfing, horseback riding, trips along the coast on motor boats and sailing yachts.

Simferopol

Simferopol is located far from the coast, but when traveling to the South Coast it is almost impossible to pass this city. Administrative map Crimea designates it as the center of the republic. Considering rich history Simferopol, in the city and near it there are many monuments of the past - Scythian Naples, house Vorontsova, estate Sabers.

There are many museums and galleries, several theaters and philharmonic societies in Simferopol. Near the city there is the Su-Uchkhan waterfall and the adjacent Kizil-Koba cave, which is an ancient karst system no less than 21 kilometers long.

Alushta

Moving on mountain track from Simferopol to the south, you can get to Alushta - the second most popular resort on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea after Yalta. The length of the health and tourism complex of Alushta is about 90 kilometers - this is Big Alushta, located between Partenit and the village of Privetnoye.

Alushta is located in a valley surrounded by the mountain peaks of Demerdzhi, Eklizi-Burun and Roman-Kosh.

You can explore the historical sights of Alushta, including the house-museums of writers Ivan Shmelev and Sergei Sergeev-Tsensky. Outside the city there is also the Museum of Nature of the Crimean Reserve along with an arboretum. There are many attractions and entertainment complexes within walking distance from the shore.

Evpatoria

The city of Evpatoria is located in the western part of the peninsula, among many salt lakes. These are ideal conditions for the operation of balneological hospitals. In addition to the Evpatoria waters, local mud has a healing effect.

The number of sunny days in the city is greater than in Yalta. The swimming season in Evpatoria begins early, as the shallow Kalamitsky Bay warms up quickly.

In summer, the Evpatoria coast is characterized by breezes that provide cool air with warm water.

Near Evpatoria there are the resorts Zaozernoye, Novofedorovka and Nikolaevka. The city is also located in close proximity to the Evpatoria group of lakes, including the Sivash and Moinaki reservoirs. There is a water park on the Evpatoria beach.

Alupka

The city of Alupka is located in the place where the Main mountain range Crimean mountains closest to the sea coast. To get here along the winding serpentines, you need a map of the peninsula. The streets in the city are confusing; many neighborhoods have the characteristics of mountain settlements. The length of Alupka along the coast is 4.5 kilometers, and the Ai-Petri peak rises above the city.

Alupka is an integral part of the agglomeration Big Yalta. In addition to resorts, Alupka attracts tourists Vorontsov Palace- an architectural monument from the times of the Russian Empire.

Livadia

The settlement of Livadia is another part of Greater Yalta. The village was once used as a summer imperial residence, and in memory of those times, the Livadia Palace has been preserved, today open to tourists.

Travelers are also interested in Livadia Park, famous for its diversity of plants and shrubs, as well as its unusual landscape. This park is the oldest on the coast. To get to know the surroundings of Livadia in more detail, vacationers can use the services of one of the many agencies that organize excursions - however, you can go for a walk on your own.

Oreanda

The village of Oreanda, along with Alupka and Livadia, is a district of Greater Yalta. Its distinctive feature is natural landscapes. Fans of active recreation can visit Krestovaya Mountain located near the village and walk along the Tsar’s Path.

Oreanda is famous for its Golden Beach, which is considered the best in Big Yalta. This beach is a natural stretch of coastline strewn with polished pebbles. The local sea air is suitable for treating people with respiratory diseases.

Massandra

Massandra is an eastern suburb of Yalta. Famous wines are produced here: many of the mountain slopes near Massandra are devoted to vineyards. In the village there is a winemaking plant of the same name, which owns rich collection wine

In addition to winemaking, Massandra is famous for the palace of Alexander III, as well as the Massandra Park.

Bakhchisaray

Bakhchisaray, like Simferopol, is a “continental” resort. Despite the lack of beaches, about half a million tourists visit the city every year. They are mainly attracted by the medieval atmosphere of the city. In addition, Bakhchisaray has an advantageous geographical position, and is located at an important transport junction between Sevastopol and Simferopol.

The main attraction of Bakhchisarai is the Khan's palace. In the vicinity of the city you can see " cave cities", as well as magnificent natural attractions: locality located between the Inner and Outer ridges of the Crimean Mountains.

Kerch

Kerch is the most eastern city peninsula, its sea gate» for those traveling by ferry. The city is interesting because it is a port of both Cherny and Azov seas, and also in close proximity to it there is the water area of Sivash. Both seas, as well as the lake, have different hydrological regimes, so recreation conditions on their coasts differ.

In the vicinity of the city, the steppe landscape predominates. Those who wish, in addition to the beaches, can visit the Melek-Chesme mound - an ancient well-preserved burial site, today converted into a museum.

Old Crimea

This city is located in the east of the peninsula in a place where the steppe, mountains and sea touch. The town is remote from the main tourist routes. However, the settlement has a developed resort infrastructure, and is suitable for those who want to spend their vacation in solitude, away from noisy places crowds of travelers.

There are several galleries and museums in Old Crimea, including the house-museum of Konstantin Paustovsky, as well as the ethnographic museum of the Crimean Tatars.

Nature of Crimea

A detailed map of Crimea in Russian allows you to see that according to the type of landscapes, the peninsula is divided into two zones: the first, steppe, occupies two thirds of its territory, and the second, mountain– remaining space.

The steppe extends from the northern outskirts of the peninsula to its central part, smoothly turns into hills, and then is replaced by mountainous terrain. There are areas in the mountains that are not inhabited by humans.

The nature of the vegetation cover directly depends on the features of the relief. So, grass grows in the steppes, but there are no forests. And vice versa: in mountainous areas trees predominate, especially with a developed root system, which are firmly attached to the rocks. Relict vegetation is common on the South Coast.

Climate and weather of Crimea

The peninsula is located in three climatic macroregions; there are also twenty microregions on its territory. Macroregions due to terrain. First macroregion – steppe– located in the northern and eastern parts of the peninsula, second – foothill and mountain– in the center and closer to the south, and third – South coast – near the very edge of the Black Sea.

“Home” winds near the coast are rare; they blow much more often in the steppe. Throughout the entire peninsula, air flows from the east and northeast predominate, with the only exception being Feodosia, which is open to western winds.

As for precipitation, in the steppe part of the region there is an insufficient level of moisture. The most precipitation on the peninsula falls on the northern spurs of the Crimean Mountains - more than 1000 mm annually.