Air transport features advantages and disadvantages. Types of transport and their characteristics. Why you shouldn't be afraid to fly

Aviation transport Previously, it was considered a curiosity, something inaccessible and unusual for many people. However, trends have changed over the years, and now air transport is used not only to transport passengers, but also to deliver large quantities of cargo within the territory of one country and beyond its borders. In a very short period of time, air cargo transportation has gained high popularity and recognition, due to its advantages over road, sea and rail cargo transportation.

Air cargo transportation - advantages

Air cargo transportation is characterized by high delivery speed. Cargo transportation by air is especially relevant when it is necessary to transport perishable goods, valuables, jewelry, medicines and organs for transplantation that need prompt delivery to their destination.
. Another advantage of transporting cargo by plane is the ability to overcome any terrain obstacles - mountains, deserts, seas, oceans, abysses. In this case, other modes of transport are not able to compete with aircraft.
. Air cargo transportation is reliable, since attempts to damage or steal valuable cargo transported at high altitudes above the ground are reduced to zero during such transportation. Rare cases of any incidents with transported goods are associated, as a rule, with careless handling when loading the goods and passing the customs control procedure.
. Delivery reliability increases with the use of mass media monitoring, allowing you to check the safety and condition of transported goods online. Many customers successfully use this service, which provides confidence in an excellent transportation result.
. By doing air transport there is no need to go through customs control at every border. The necessary checks and compliance with all conventions are carried out twice during the air transportation process - at the place of departure of the goods and upon their arrival.
. Air cargo transportation can deliver a wide variety of cargo, regardless of their size and weight. Huge quantities of various items can easily be loaded into a transport aircraft. building materials, and medicines, and metal structures, and other cargo.

Air cargo transportation - disadvantages

The disadvantages of air cargo transportation include:
. high cost. These cargo transportation data are not available to every shipper; their cost is determined by many factors. The aircraft is the only vehicle capable of such fast and high-quality transportation, but this delivery is not cheap for customers,
. the impossibility of delivering goods by air using the door-to-door method, which leads to the need to use trucks and, as a consequence, to additional costs,
. dependence of such transportation on weather conditions.

At the same time, the delivery time of transported goods may be affected by thunderstorms, strong winds, and storms, since aircraft flights in such conditions are delayed indefinitely. Despite the disadvantages, many shippers prefer to use air cargo transportation to deliver their cargo, since airplanes are universal vehicles that make it possible to transport goods very quickly over long distances.

Details Updated 07/27/2017 14:03 Author: Andrey Yarmolinsky

Air Transport- one of the most developed branches of transport, but it should be chosen only in certain circumstances.

Every day we choose different vehicles. Why is this happening? When does air transport seem to be the best solution, and when should it be abandoned?

On television, we often hear about plane crashes. Due to the publicity of cases of this type in the media mass media There is a widespread belief that air travel is not a safe way to transport people or goods. In reality, however, it turns out that air transport is much safer than, for example, road transport! Safety is not the only advantage of this transport area. Another undoubted advantage is its ability to quickly reach even the most remote places. The fact is that air transport can reach significant speeds, and at the same time not be limited to creating traffic jams; airplanes can travel even very long distances within a few hours. For this reason, air transport is often chosen for transporting goods. It is very important that using air transport in many cases, you can get to a place that is inaccessible to others Vehicle. Where it is impossible to reach by land or sea, you can reach by plane. Due to the fact that today the issue of environmental protection is the most important, it is worth noting that air travel is characterized by a relatively low level of environmental emissions.

Unfortunately, despite so many advantages, air transport also has many disadvantages. The first and perhaps the most important disadvantage of this type of transport is the high dependence of timely delivery on weather conditions. Bad weather can significantly delay or even delay a flight. Fog, snowstorms, heavy rains and other adverse weather conditions can greatly delay the delivery of goods to their destination. Also, to transport goods to and from the aircraft, it is necessary to use other modes of transport. This additional service increases the cost of transportation. Air transport remains one of the most expensive modes of movement and transfer of goods, and this is because the same development of this mode of transport requires significant financial effort and highly qualified personnel. Thus, air transport becomes completely uneconomical for relatively short distances.

To sum it up: air transport is good option, if you need to transport moderately heavy loads over long distances in the shortest possible time, when you cannot afford any delays and when the means of transporting goods is significantly limited.

Air travel is a method of air transport that is one of the most popular among travelers. It has both loyal fans and ardent opponents. Let’s figure out what the operating features are, the advantages and disadvantages of air transport, and which type should be preferred. Should you be afraid of airplanes and how to fly with pleasure?

Why are some people afraid to fly?

Aerophobia is one of the most common fears. People who are afraid of flying experience enormous stress when they have to board a plane. Fear intensifies during takeoff, landing and shaking, when entering a turbulence zone. Some aerophobes cannot even bring themselves to step on board an aircraft.

Of course, aerophobes have reasons to be afraid, because, logically, it is impossible to escape from a falling plane. Statistically, the plane is the most safe look transport. But the fact is that despite all the advantages and disadvantages of air transport, aerophobes worry that a breakdown in a plane in the air means almost inevitable death. Cars may break down more often, but there is a chance to get out of them and survive.

Why you shouldn't be afraid to fly

In fact, airplanes are truly the safest transport, and the chance of dying in a plane crash is extremely small. Knowing all the advantages and disadvantages of air transport, it is important to remember that the aircraft is not only very reliably and efficiently assembled and tested many times. The transport vessel has several backup options for the necessary systems.

To fly or not?

Having studied the advantages and disadvantages of sea and air transport, railway and generally all types, each potential passenger can decide for himself which method of transportation is closer to him. Should you choose air travel?

So, it’s time to remember the main advantages and disadvantages of air transport.

Advantages:

Movement speed. On this moment Air travel is the fastest way available to get from one point to another.
Service level. The standard level of customer service in airlines is slightly higher than the level of the same category of railway companies.
There are no physical barriers for airplanes. They do not depend on bridges, roads and mountains.
Safety. No type of transport is tested as long and thoroughly as airplanes, and does not pay as much attention to safety.
Most often, the ticket price includes meals.

Flaws:

Ticket prices. Due to the cost of fuel and Money, which must be spent on the manufacture of the aircraft, air tickets can be quite expensive. This is one of the most expensive types of transport.
Inability to carry large loads, as they may interfere with the aircraft's ability to stay and balance in the air.
There is still a possibility of an accident, albeit minimal.
Some people may not tolerate takeoffs and landings, dry air or specific smells, or turbulence.
The seats are not always comfortable enough, and they are also difficult to sleep in.

There are also advantages and disadvantages of Russian air transport compared to other countries (especially European ones), but overall there is no big difference. The advantages include the fact that the crew speaks their native language, while the disadvantages include slightly outdated service and entertainment equipment (for example, lack wireless internet on board).

and candies, as well as lozenges and caramels, help relieve ear congestion during takeoff and landing.
Airplanes have very dry air, so it doesn't hurt to bring wet wipes or moisturizer with you.
On night flights, an eye mask and an inflatable pillow will not be superfluous.
You should arrive at the airport early so that the bustle does not interfere with your travel.
It is worth taking care of medications for motion sickness and nausea in advance. For long flights, you can use a mild sleeping pill or valerian.

Both experienced travelers and those who have flown less than many times, especially the latter, should remember the advantages and disadvantages of air transport. Of course, this is the fastest and safest form of transport, but you should not force yourself or other people to use it if the fear and discomfort are too strong.

Transport logistics

9.2. Transport tariffs.
9.1. Types of transport used in the transportation of goods. Advantages. Flaws.

Automobile transport cannot compete with the railway in mass inter-district freight transportation, first of all:

– due to its high specific energy intensity and transportation costs;

– long range of transportation;

– lack of a modern high-tech road network.

Scope of application of vehicles:

– intracity, suburban and intradistrict freight and passenger transportation;

– transportation over medium and long distances of small-tonnage valuable and perishable goods.

^ Advantages of motor transport:

– high maneuverability and efficiency;

– regularity of delivery;

– less stringent requirements for packaging of goods compared to other modes of transport;

– the ability to use different routes and delivery schemes;

– possibility of sending cargo in small batches.

^ Disadvantages of road transport:

– relatively high cost of transportation (based on the maximum carrying capacity of the vehicle);

– urgency of unloading;

– possibility of cargo theft;

– possibility of vehicle theft;

– relatively low load capacity;

– insufficient environmental cleanliness;

– dependence on weather and road conditions.

^ Railway transport most effective for transporting bulk types of cargo over medium and long distances with a high concentration of cargo flows.

^ Advantages of railway transport:

– relatively low cost of transportation;

– good adaptability for transportation of various consignments of cargo at any weather conditions;

– the ability to deliver cargo over long distances;

– regularity of transportation;

– the ability to effectively organize PRR;

– significant discounts for transit shipments.

^ Disadvantages of railway transport:

– limited number of carriers;

– large capital investments in the production and technical base;

– high energy intensity of transportation;

– low accessibility to end points of sales.

^ Sea transport – the largest carrier in international transport. Maritime transport mainly carries out external, export-import transportation (including all freight transportation in intercontinental traffic). Its role in coastal shipping is significant.

^ Advantages of sea transport:

– low freight tariffs;

– high carrying capacity.

Disadvantages of sea transport:

- low speed;

– strict requirements for packaging and securing cargo;

– low frequency of shipments.

^ Inland water (river) transport designed for transportation of certain bulk types of cargo over medium and long distances, as well as for passenger traffic (especially suburban). However, in recent decades it cannot withstand competition with other types of transport, and has practically turned into a specific type of technological transport intended for the transportation of mineral and construction materials.

^ Advantage of internal water transport lies in low tariffs for cargo transportation.

Disadvantages of inland water transport:

– low delivery speed;

– low geographical accessibility due to the limitations imposed by the configuration of waterways;

– seasonality.

^ Air Transport its functions are also highly specialized, because carries out mainly passenger transportation over long and medium distances, although it is of great importance in the transportation of valuable, perishable and urgent goods.

^ Advantages of air transport:

- high speed;

– the ability to reach remote areas;

– the shortest transportation routes;

– high safety of cargo.

^ Disadvantages of air transport:

– high freight tariffs;

– dependence on weather conditions, which reduces the reliability of compliance with the delivery schedule.

Unlike the above types of transport pipeline transport remains highly specialized, designed for pumping liquid and gaseous products of a limited range over long distances: gas, oil and petroleum products.

^ Advantages of pipeline transport:

– high delivery speed;

– the most cost-effective way to transport oil and gas.

^ Disadvantages of pipeline transport:

- narrow specialization;

– dangerous consequences of emergency situations;

– possibility of theft.

9.2. Transport tariffs.

Transport tariffs are the basis for payments for transport services and are formed on the basis of:

– fees for cargo transportation;

– fees for additional operations related to the transportation of goods;

– rules for calculating fees and charges.

– for a transport company – reimbursement of operating costs and the possibility of making a profit;

– for the buyer of transport services – the opportunity to cover transport costs.

Since the cost of transportation is one of the significant factors in choosing a carrier, the struggle for customers in a competitive environment also makes adjustments to transport tariffs. Skillful regulation of the level of tariff rates for various fees can also stimulate the demand for Additional services related to the transportation of goods.

For determining cost of cargo transportation by rail tariffs used:

– general – this is the main type of tariffs, with the help of which the cost of transporting the bulk of goods is determined;

– exceptional – set with a deviation from general tariffs in the form of special surcharges or discounts. They apply, as a rule, only to specific cargo. Exceptional tariffs make it possible to influence the location of industry, since with their help it is possible to regulate the cost of transporting certain types of raw materials, for example, coal, ore, etc. By increasing or decreasing the cost of transportation in different periods of the year using exceptional tariffs, we achieve a reduction in the level of unevenness of transportation on railways. The same purpose is served by exceptional tariffs for the transportation of goods in stable directions of movement of empty cars and containers;

– preferential – used when transporting goods for certain purposes, as well as goods for the railways themselves;

– local – set by the heads of individual railways. These tariffs include the amounts of fees for the transportation of goods and the rates of various fees and are valid within the boundaries of a given railway.

In addition to freight charges Railway collects fees from consignees, i.e. fees for additional services related to the transportation of goods, namely:

– for storing, weighing or checking the weight of cargo;

– delivery, cleaning, disinfestation of cars;

– freight forwarding;

– PRR, etc.

For determining the cost of transporting goods by road The following types of tariffs are used:

– piecework for the transportation of goods;

– for the transportation of goods on the terms of paid truck hours;

– for temporary use of trucks;

– based on kilometer calculation;

– for moving rolling stock;

– negotiable.

The size of the tariff fee is influenced by the following factors:

– transportation distance;

– cargo mass;

– volumetric weight of the cargo, characterizing the possibility of using the vehicle’s carrying capacity;

– vehicle load capacity;

– total mileage;

– time of use of the car;

– type of car;

– the area in which transportation is carried out, as well as a number of other factors.

Each of the tariffs for the transportation of goods by road does not take into account the entire set of factors, but only some of them, the most significant in the conditions of a particular transportation. For example, to calculate the cost of transportation at a piece rate, it is necessary to take into account the transportation distance, the weight of the cargo and its class, which characterizes the degree of use of the vehicle's carrying capacity. When calculating the tariff for the temporary use of trucks, the load capacity of the vehicle, the time of its use and the total mileage are taken into account. In all cases, the amount of the fee for using the vehicle is influenced by the area in which the transportation is carried out. This is explained by persistent differences in the level of cost of cargo transportation across regions. Adjustments to the tariff cost are made using so-called zone correction factors.

^ Tariffs for cargo transportation river transport , fees for transshipment operations and other transportation-related services are determined by shipping companies independently, taking into account market conditions. The basis for calculating the tariff size is the cost of services forecast for the period when tariffs and fees are put into effect, as well as the maximum level of profitability established by current legislation. Consumers of transport services have the right to request from shipping companies an economic justification for the tariffs they offer.

^ Payment for the carriage of goods by sea carried out either at a tariff or at a freight rate. If the cargo follows the direction of a stable cargo flow, then transportation is carried out by the liner shipping system. In this case, the cargo moves according to schedule and is paid according to the announced tariff. In the case when, when carrying out transportation, the work of cargo ships is not associated with permanent navigation areas, with permanent ports of loading and unloading, and is not limited to a certain type of cargo, then transportation is paid at the freight rate. The freight rate is set depending on the conditions of the freight market and usually depends on the type and transport characteristics of the cargo, voyage conditions and associated costs.
Self-study questions

1. The essence of the Eurologistics concept.

2. Main components of Eurologistics.

3. Reveal the essence of the concept of Eurologistics.

4. Subject of the theory of Eurologistics.

5. Define the concept of “global logistics”.

6. Characterize the main driving forces of globalization in logistics.

7. Barriers in global logistics.

8. The essence of economic integration in Eurologistics.

9. Expand the concept of regional integration.

10. Expand the concept of industry cooperation.

11. Principles of international logistics.

12. Principles of building Eurologistics systems.

13. Tasks, the solution of which allows us to evaluate the efficiency of the Eurologistics chain.

14. Definitions of Eurologistics.

15. Characteristics of material flow.

16. Characteristics of information flow.

17. Reveal the connection between material and information flows.

18. Characteristics of purchasing logistics: essence, tasks, functions.

19. Characteristics of production logistics: essence, tasks, functions.

20. Characteristics of distribution logistics: essence, tasks, functions.

21. Characteristics of transport logistics: essence, functions, tasks.

22. Characteristics of information logistics: essence, tasks, functions.

23. Methods of material support of production.

24. Types of procurement.

25. Supplier selection procedures.

26. Characteristics of competitive bidding (tenders).

27. Characteristics of written negotiations.

28. Characteristics of a firm and free offer.

29. Stages of the tender.

30. Criteria for selecting a supplier.

31. Organization of material flow management systems.

32. The essence of the pulling system for managing material flows.

33. The essence of a pushing material flow management system.

34. Classification of material flow management systems.

35. Characteristic features of materials management systems:

– JIT system;

– KANBAN system;

– OPT system;

– MRP system;

– DRP system.

36. Characteristics of goods distribution channels.

37. Classification of goods distribution channels.

38. Main types of intermediaries in goods distribution channels.

39. Characteristics of the main types of intermediaries.

40. Approaches to determining the number of intermediaries in goods distribution channels.

41. Factors influencing the choice of distribution channel for goods.

42. Characteristics of direct and indirect sales.

43. Tasks of information logistics systems.

44. Classification of information logistics systems.

45. Information Technology in logistics.

46. Types of transport used in international transport. Advantages. Flaws.

47. Transport tariffs for railway transport.

48. Transport tariffs for vehicles.

49. Tariffs for the transportation of goods by river transport.

50. Tariffs for the transportation of goods by sea.
Literature

1.Gubenko V.K. Logistics. Tutorial, - Perm State Technical University., 1996. – 252 p.

2. Transport logistics: Textbook for transport universities. / Under the general editorship of L.B. Mirotina. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2003. – 512 p.

3. Transportation of export-import cargo. Organization of logistics systems. 2nd ed., add. and revised/Ed. A.V. Kirichenko. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004. – 506 p.: ill.

4. Ardatova M.M. Logistics in questions and answers: Proc. allowance. – M.: TK Welby, Prospekt Publishing House, 2004. – 272 p.

5. Models and methods of logistics theory. / Ed. V.S. Lukinsky. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003. – 176 p.: ill. – (Series "Tutorials").

6. Fuzzy sets and theory of possibilities. Latest achievements: Per. from English / Ed. R.R. Jager. – M.: Radio and Communications, 1986. – 408 p.: ill.

7. Incoterms 2000. Handbook. – Odessa: Negotiant Studio, 2001. – 119 p.