All the largest islands on the planet are continental. The largest island on earth. Where does the name "Greenland" come from?
Incredible facts
It is incredibly difficult to calculate the total number of islands on our planet.
Every year new islands appear in the world, but the most large islands still remain in their places.
Here you can learn about both the world's largest islands and the largest island states ah and even the largest lake islands.
NOTE: Australia is still considered more of a continent than an island, but if we consider it an island, then it is the most big Island on Earth, with an area of 7,618,493 sq. km.1. Greenland Island
Greenland is considered the largest island on our planet. Its local name is Kalallit-Nunaat. The area of the island is 2,166,086 square meters. km.
Highest point: Gunbjorn (3,700 meters).
Region: Greenland.
A country: Denmark.
Facts about Greenland
* The capital of Greenland, Nuuk, is the smallest capital city in the world. Its population is only 15,105 people (as of July 2009).
* It is believed that Greenland was inhabited in prehistoric times by various Paleo-Eskimo groups. However, archaeological research shows that the Inuit settled here around 2500 BC.
* The first Europeans arrived here in 985. They were Norwegians and Icelanders. They were called the Norwegian Greenlanders.
The most interesting thing about beautiful island Greenland you can find out just below or by clicking HERE .
2. Island of New Guinea
Area – 785,753 sq. km.
Highest point: 4884 meters.
Population (2010): 9,500,000 people.
Countries: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.
Facts about New Guinea
Mount Bagan is an active volcano. Height 1730.
* The western part of the island of New Guinea is located on the territory of Indonesia, and its eastern part is located on the territory of the state of Papua New Guinea.
* New Guinea is the largest island divided between countries.
* 11,000 plant species live here, 600 rare species birds, more than 400 species of amphibians, more than 450 species of butterflies, and approximately 100 species of mammals.
* In ancient times, this island was connected to the Australian continent.
* New Guinea was discovered for Europe in the 16th century by Spanish and Portuguese sailors.
* The island received its name from the Spanish navigator Inigo Ortiz de Retes. When he arrived on the island in 1545, it seemed to him that local residents very similar to the aborigines who live in African Guinea.
3. Borneo Island
Area - 748,168 sq. km.
Archipelago: Malay Archipelago.
A country: Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia.
Highest point: Mount Kinabalu, 4095 meters.
Population (2010): 19,800,000 people.
Facts about Borneo Island
* On this island grows the world's largest flower - Rafflesia, the smell of which, according to local residents, is similar to the smell of a decomposing corpse.
* Borneo has a tropical forest that is more than 130 million years old. It is home to many species of rare animals: the Sumatran rhinoceros, Asian elephant, Bornean clouded leopard and others.
4. Madagascar Island
Area - 587,713 sq. km.
A country: Madagascar.
Highest point: 2961 meters.
Population (2008): 20,042,552 people.
Facts about Madagascar
* Millions of years ago, Madagascar was part of the same land, Gondwana, and about 60 million years ago, this island was the first to separate from the mainland and thereby became the first island on our planet.
* The first people came to Madagascar about 2000 years ago.
* The first European to notice this island was the Portuguese navigator Diego Diaz. This happened at the beginning of the 16th century, and after that Madagascar became one of the most important trading points on the way to India.
* Malagasy, French and English are spoken on the island.
* Since the island is rich in iron and aluminum, it was nicknamed the Great Red Island.
* The country of Madagascar ranks first in the cultivation and export of vanilla.
5. Baffin Island
Area - 503,944 sq. km.
A country: Canada.
Region: Nunavut.
Highest point: 2147 meters.
Population (2007): 11,000 people.
Facts about Baffin Island
* Baffin Island is a very cold and virtually uninhabited place.
* Thor Peak, named after the Norse god, can be found here. It is worth noting that Thor Peak is the highest cliff on our planet.
* Baffin Island was named after the famous British explorer William Baffin, who first described the island in 1616. It is believed that Baffin is its discoverer.
* More than half of the island's territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. For this reason, there are polar days and nights here.
6. Sumatra Island
Area - 443,066 sq. km.
A country: Indonesia.
Highest point: 3800 meters.
Population (2010): 50,600,000 people.
Facts about Sumatra
* The island is home to the Toba volcano, which is believed to have caused the last ice age. About 70,000 years ago, this volcano exploded and released thousands of cubic kilometers of ash into the air, obscuring the rays of the Sun for many years. Today, in the caldera of the Toba volcano there is a beautiful lake of the same name, and in its center there is another island - Samosir, inside which there is also a lake - Sidokhni.
* Scientists believe that the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano on the island led to the formation of a strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java. In 1883, the volcano exploded and, together with the island on which it was located, they sank to the bottom of the sea. Today in its place there is a new mountain- Anak-Krakatoa (“Child of Krakatoa”), which grows 7 meters every year.
* Batak tribes still live on the island. Before the adoption of Christianity, these tribes were cannibals.
* The most expensive coffee in the world, Kopi Luwak, is grown here in Sumatra. The fact is that there is only one animal on the island - the kopi luwak, which loves coffee berries. Of course, he chooses only the best berries. They are not completely digested by kopi-luwak. Locals collect them, wash them and roast them to create coffee.
7. Honshu Island
Area - 225,800 sq. km.
A country: Japan.
Highest point: 3776 meters.
Population (2010): 100,000,000 people.
Facts about Honshu Island
* On the island of Honshu there is Mount Fuji - the symbol of the country rising sun.
* Earthquakes are common here as Honshu is located at the intersection of 3 formation plates.
* The largest Japanese cities in Japan are also located here - Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto.
8. UK Island
Area - 229,957 sq. km.
Archipelago:British Isles.
A country: Great Britain.
Regions: England, Scotland, Wales.
Highest point: 1,344 meters.
Population (2011): 61,371,315 people.
Facts about Great Britain
* Great Britain is also called Albion, as it was previously known as the land of albinos. The Romans called the British Isles with the word “Britain” (lat. Britannia), which is where the name of this island came from. But they decided to add “Great” to the word “Britain” so that the country would be listed as a political unit. Today we have the island of Britain and a geopolitical unit called Great Britain.
* The Prime Meridian intersects the axis of the Greenwich Observatory located in London.
* Since the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a single state, then any person living on its territory can be called “British”, even if he is from Scotland or Northern Ireland.
9. Victoria Island
Area - 220,548 sq. km.
A country: Canada
Regions: Nunavut, Northwest Territories
Highest point: 665 meters
Population (2001): 1707 people.
Facts about Victoria Island
* Thomas Simpson was the first to discover this island in 1838. The British explorer decided to name the island in honor of the English Queen Victoria, who was also the Queen of Canada from 1867 to 1901.
* Here is the largest island within an island within an island.
10. Ellesmere Island
Area - 183,965 sq. km.
A country: Canada
Region: Nunavut.
Highest point: 2616 meters
Population (2006): 146 people.
Facts about Ellesmere Island
* Island decorated big mountains and ice fields. Ellesmere is the highest mountain part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
* The island has been shrouded in ice since the last ice age, but only 1/3 of its territory is covered by glaciers.
10 largest island states in the world
1.
Indonesia - 1,912,988 sq. km.
2. Madagascar - 587,041 sq. km.
3. Papua New Guinea - 462,840 sq. km.
4. Japan - 377,837 sq. km.
5. Philippines - 300,000 sq. km.
6. New Zealand- 270,534 sq. km.
7. UK - 242,910 sq. km.
8. Cuba - 110,860 sq. km.
9. Iceland - 103,000 sq. km.
10. Ireland - 70,273 sq. km.
10 largest volcanic islands
These islands were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions at the bottom of the sea.
1. Sumatra, Indonesia - 473,481 sq. km.
2.
Honshu, Japan - 225,800 sq. km.
3. Java, Indonesia - 138,794 sq. km.
4. Northern, New Zealand - 111,583 sq. km.
5. Luzon, Philippines – 109,965 sq. km.
6. Iceland – 103,000 sq. km.
7. Mindanao, Philippines - 97,530 sq. km.
8. Hokkaido, Japan – 78,719 sq. km.
9. New Britain, Papua New Guinea – 35,145 sq. km.
10. Halmahera, Indonesia – 18,040 sq. km.
10 largest lake islands
1. Manitoulin, Lake Huron, Canada - 2,766 sq. km.
2.
René-Levasseur, Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec, Canada – 2,000 sq. km.
3. Olkhon, Lake Baikal, Russia - 730 sq. km.
4. Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Michigan, USA - 541 sq. km.
5. Ukerewe, Lake Victoria, Tanzania - 530 sq. km.
Today there are more than five hundred thousand islands in the world. They have a variety of sizes. Many of these islands are very small. They can fit two people, no more. However, there are also those islands whose sizes are equal to entire countries of the world. This article will focus on the largest island in the world.
Where is the largest island in the world?
The largest island in the world is, of course, Greenland. It belongs to Denmark, but has the right of self-government. This island is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Almost eighty percent of Greenland is covered by a giant glacier. Despite such unusual features of location and topography, numerous travel companies offer a large number of attractive tours to this place. Here all tourists are promised an unusual pastime and unforgettable vacation surrounded by exotic nature.
This island is attractive for tourists. People come here who are not afraid of harsh climatic conditions. Almost the entire territory remains deserted due to heavy snow and harsh climate. Holidays in this place can be truly harsh. You need to be prepared for this. Therefore, tourists need determination in order to withstand all the tests that will await them while traveling around the island.
Greenland is significantly larger than Denmark. The territory is approximately fifty times larger than this state. Self-government was introduced on the island six years ago. Denmark is engaged in the military defense of this territory and resolves all political issues. The island has its own judicial system, which is governed by local laws.
Climatic features of the island of Greenland
The climate in southern and northern Greenland is very different. This is due to the fact that its territory occupies large area. The climate varies from arctic to subarctic. Surprisingly, in the summer, many areas of Greenland can warm up to 21 degrees Celsius. On average, the temperature here at this time of year does not rise above 0 degrees Celsius. In winter, the temperature averages minus 27 degrees Celsius. It is not easy for people living in the coastal area. This is due to the fact that very strong winds blow here.
It should be noted that the name of this island is literally translated as Green country. This is surprising because there is virtually no green space here that would support the development of agriculture.
What attracts tourists to the island of Greenland?
Tourists love the nature of this island. There are amazing Beautiful places with original landscape features. In addition, such natural phenomena that exist here are not found anywhere in the world. In summer, the local natural beauty can be enjoyed even at night when the sun is shining. However, it makes it almost impossible to admire northern lights. That is why best time to monitor natural phenomenon is mid-spring.
Population of Greenland
The indigenous people of Greenland are the Eskimos. Their national language is Greenlandic. However local population also speaks Danish. In the northern regions, Eskimos still build igloos for living. The population is not engaged in agriculture. The main industries here are fishing and hunting. Salmon, cod and other fish products are exported.
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When people talk about the largest islands, they usually mean the islands with the largest area. Let’s not break tradition and give the top list of the largest islands in the world by area.
Let us remember that the island differs from the mainland in its smaller size, but it must be surrounded on all sides by water, and during high tide at least part of it must remain on the surface.
10 Ellesmere
Ellesmere is the tenth largest island on Earth. It belongs to Canada and is one of the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
Ellesmere is all cut up by fjords and a third is covered with ice. Living conditions are very harsh: in winter the temperature reaches -59 degrees, and in summer it rarely exceeds +7 (although sometimes +20); The polar day and night last for 5 months, and there is so little precipitation that in many places there is not even snow, only bare rocks.
The population does not exceed 150 people. The vegetation is exclusively herbaceous; Blooming poppies, saxifrage and other polar flowers form a picturesque carpet in summer. There are many animals on Ellesmere, among them the rare Peary caribou and the Melville Island wolf (smaller, with white or silver fur).
This is another one northern island, owned by Canada. Still, it is not located in such high latitudes, so its nature is more diverse, and its population is larger (about 1,700 people).
The reason for this is high humidity: the entire island is covered with swamps, lakes, streams and rivers. In summer the temperature reaches +12, in winter - on average -20 degrees, and the wind is very strong and gusty, which creates extremely uncomfortable living conditions.
The vegetation on Victoria is sparse: grasses, polar tree species, mosses. But animal world presented perfectly. On the island you can find many birds, including snowy owls, as well as polar bears and wolves, arctic foxes and musk oxen.
Seals and walruses rest on the coast, and killer whales and whales walk in the waters off the coast of the island. There is also a lot of commercial fish (herring, tuna).
8 Honshu
And here in front of us is a quite densely populated island, main island The Japanese archipelago, on which the capital of the Land of the Rising Sun is located and about 75% of its population is concentrated.
This is where the most big cities Japan: Tokyo, Hiroshima, Kyoto, Yokohama. The entire island is covered with mountains, dominated by volcanoes (for example, Fuji, and Asama is active volcano), and it itself lies at the junction of formation plates, which provokes frequent earthquakes.
Destructive typhoons are not uncommon here in autumn. The climate of Honshu is defined as monsoon: in summer the temperature is about +25, in winter it is rarely below -5. The rainy season begins in June-July. The flora and fauna of the island are very rich. Forests cover more than 2/3 of the area.
In the spring, Honshu is extremely beautiful because of the blooming azaleas, sakura and peonies, and in the fall, the most favorite flowers of the Japanese bloom - chrysanthemums, to which a traditional festival is even dedicated.
The fauna includes many relict and endemic species: white-breasted bear, Japanese crane, giant salamander, large-billed crow and others. But Honshu is especially rich in fish and seafood, because 700 species of fish and more than 1000 species of shellfish live off the coast.
7 Great Britain is one of the largest islands on Earth
The island of Great Britain is a densely populated island, according to this indicator it ranks third after Java and Honshu. Here is located most of states of Great Britain.
Scientists believe that the first people appeared on the island 800 thousand years ago: this is how stone tools found on its territory are dated. The ancient Romans mentioned Great Britain in the 3rd century BC.
The climate on the island is marine, which provides mild winters, comfortable temperatures in summer and more than half rainy days per year. Although there are also areas that are much drier.
Forests and large animals in Great Britain, unfortunately, are almost exterminated: magnificent beech and hornbeam groves occupy no more than a tenth of the island.
Of the animals that have survived, mostly not very large mammals, but more than 130 species of birds and a lot of fish, as well as seals and whales
6 Sumatra
Hot tropical island, occupying the sixth largest place in the world, is at the same time the fourth largest in the number of people living on it.
The island is part of Malay Archipelago and belongs to Indonesia. Sumatra is an extremely wet island. On him great amount rivers, streams, lakes. This is where the most big lake South-East Asia- Toba. It is located in the caldera of an ancient volcano and is so large that there is an island on it, which also has a lake.
Sumatra is very rich in volcanoes: there are many of them, and a good dozen of them are active. However, this does not frighten numerous tourists who want to explore medieval buildings, go windsurfing or diving, and enjoy beach holiday on the coast, almost everywhere covered with dark (volcanic) sand.
And here you can walk in the equatorial forests of tree ferns, palms and ficus trees, marveling at the richness of the Sumatran fauna. There are many endemic species here. For example, the Sumatran tiger and rhinoceros, as well as the rare woolly wing, Indian elephant, pig-tailed macaque and others. There are even 450 species of birds on the island!
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5 Baffin Island
When listing the largest islands in the world, it is impossible to ignore Baffin Island, an island of large area and very bizarre outlines that belongs to Canada.
Baffin Island is essentially an extension (geologically) of the Canadian Shield, so the mountains on the island should be considered part of the Andes. And there are a lot of mountains here, including quite high ones.
The island is not rich in population: the climate here is harsh, a significant part of the island is located beyond the Arctic Circle, and frosts are common even in summer.
For a long time it was believed that Baffin discovered the island. But recent archaeological excavations suggest that the island was known to the ancient Vikings and is mentioned in their sagas under the name Helluland.
The harsh climate does not allow much vegetation to develop; the flora here is poor. Animals include arctic foxes, polar bears, lemmings, reindeer, polar hares and, of course, walruses and seals. hits the island and big amount birds, including polar owls.
4 Madagascar
When talking about which island is the largest in the world, it is impossible to ignore Madagascar, located near Africa and only recently emerged from the protectorate of France. Currently, the independent republic of Madagascar is located on the island, the government of which is constantly changing as a result of various shocks and military coups.
However, the history of Madagascar is also full of such events. There were attempts to seize the island by force, and various tricks. For some time, Madagascar was even a base for pirates robbing the ships of merchants hurrying to India.
The climate in Madagascar is tropical and monsoonal, which allows many plants to flourish, including many endemics. And the most famous is the fire tree (Royal Delonix) - a ten-meter tree of extraordinary beauty, strewn with bright scarlet flowers.
Among the animals there are also many endemic ones, for example the fossa - something between a puma and a mongoose.
Madagascar is also home to such interesting animals as lemurs (there are more than fifty species of them here!), bristly hedgehogs, chameleons, civets, turtles, a huge number of insects, fish (for example, the famous moray eels), and birds. Unfortunately, you won’t be able to swim here: the coast is full of sharks.
3 Kalimantan
The island of Kalimantan, which occupies third place in the ranking, is often called Borneo - after the name of the state of Brunei, which was once large and powerful, but now occupies only a small part of the island. The rest is shared between Indonesia and Malaya - Kalimantan is the only island on Earth that belongs to three states at once.
Over the centuries, various parts of the island passed under the rule of one state or another; V different places and in different time The British, Holland, and even Japan were noted here. It was only in the period from the middle to the end of the last century that the modern political status of Kalimantan was established.
The equatorial climate and high humidity are favorable for huge number plants and animals, many of which are endemic and have not yet been properly studied. Orchids and carnivorous plants, king cobra and reticulated python, proboscis monkeys and giant flying foxes - you can’t list them all!
Huge hot island The Pacific Ocean is shared between the states of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
The climate is equatorial, there are quite high mountains (up to 4900 m), and an impenetrable strip of mango forests stretches along the coast (it can only be crossed by canoeing).
New Guinea is rich in flora and fauna: there are 11 thousand species of plants (various palm trees, bananas, melon trees, etc.) and more than one and a half thousand animals, including marsupial badgers and birds of paradise. On the island, scientists found a place they called the “Garden of Eden”: there are many unprecedented creatures that are not at all afraid of humans.
1 The largest island is Greenland
Which country owns the largest island in the world? Answer: Denmark. Greenland is its autonomy.
More than 80% of the island is covered by glaciers; From the west and east, outlet glaciers form (descending tongues into the sea), which give rise to icebergs. In the east of Greenland there is also the most high mountain Arctic - Gunbjorn. Its height is 3700 m.
The climate is not very harsh, but changeable: in winter the temperature can reach -11 degrees, in summer – about +20, but it is not uncommon for years when the thermometer never crosses zero during the entire summer!
Plants can be found in glacier-free areas. These are mainly meadows, crooked forests, and junipers. But polar animals, fish and insects are quite widely represented: walruses, whales, seals, polar bear, polar deer, seagull, shark and dozens of unique endemic beetles (700 species of insects in total).
Islands are the most exciting and mysterious geographical features. Imagine: a piece of land surrounded on all sides by water. You can sail or fly to it and live completely alone, without depending on civilization. Perhaps this is what attracted and attracted people to itself at all times.
It’s enough to remember how many times they were mentioned in art: Mysterious Island, Doctor Moreau's Island, Treasure Island, Avalon, desert island Robinson Crusoe, Neverland... But few of them can contain as many secrets and mysteries as the real ones. And the larger the island, the more secrets and mysteries it contains. And just imagine how much the largest islands can accommodate... That’s what we’ll talk about today.
Greenland, 2,130,800 km²
This one large island It is larger in area than most modern states. It is only three times smaller than Australia, albeit the smallest, but still a continent.
This geographical miracle belongs to Denmark, which is several times smaller than its island, occupying an area of just over 43 thousand square kilometers. Such an island could significantly increase the area of the state, if not for its climate and topography: more than 80% of its area is covered by an ice sheet. Which is not surprising, given that it is located in close proximity to the North Pole and is washed by the waters of the Arctic and partially Atlantic Oceans.
And this is not photoshop
This makes it one of the most beautiful, majestic, vibrant - and uninhabited places in the world, with only 15 thousand people living there. The landscapes of Greenland take your breath away, they are so beautiful. But few people will be able to live there, because even in summer the temperature rises slightly above zero. And there’s nothing to say about winter; -40-50 degrees is normal.
Nevertheless, tourists from all over the world come here to admire the landscapes and see with their own eyes majestic ice, observe the living worlds of this harsh, inhospitable, but such beautiful island. The summer months are especially good for this, when you can admire the white nights.
New Guinea, 786,000 km²
New Guinea is a completely different matter, because this large island is located entirely in the western part Pacific Ocean. Tropical climate, bright, varied and rich nature, warm sea, exotic tribes - this island can offer entertainment to everyone’s taste.
Interestingly, New Guinea is one of the few islands divided between states. Some of this beauty went to Papua New Guinea, part - Indonesia. Each of these states would like to get everything, but even half is not bad either.
It even has its own volcano
New Guinea can be called one of the last unexplored corners of the world on Earth. Only recently, scientists discovered an area on the island that they called New Eden. Here dozens of unknown or previously considered extinct species of animals and plants were waiting for them. It is interesting that the inhabitants of this Garden of Eden were not at all afraid of people.
Kalimantan, 743,330 km²
Another champion island, occupying an honorable third place thanks to its 743,330 square kilometers of area. In terms of area, it is slightly behind New Guinea, but not in terms of the beauty of the landscapes and the richness of nature.
Its area is divided between three states: Indonesia got more than 70%, Malaysia took almost the entire remainder, and Brunei received only small area.
If there is heaven on Earth, then it is probably here
The equator passes through Kalimantan, and its climate is appropriate - humid and hot. Therefore, more than 80% of its area is occupied by wild rainforests, in which the same wild tribes of headhunters live. True, now they have become more civilized, they don’t rush at tourists, but they are happy to show them war dances and sell souvenirs.
Madagascar, 587,041 km²
What modern person has not heard about Madagascar? After the release of the animated film of the same name, this largest island Indian Ocean has become the dream of many travelers.
The main attraction and wealth of Madagascar are its inhabitants. Flora and fauna are 80% endemic - species that are found only here and nowhere else. Numerous lemurs (and their majesty King Julian!), giant fossas, bats and ordinary mice, geckos, chameleons and turtles - botanists and zoologists are thrilled with delight, publishing study after study. But still, reports regularly appear about the discovery of another new species.
But even if the animal vegetable world you are not too interested, beaches with crystal clear water will give you a truly heavenly holiday.
Baffin Island, 476,000 km²
This cold and inhospitable island rounds out the top five largest islands by area. But in terms of climate, it rather resembles the first one - just as frosty and windy, but at the same time bewitching and attractive with its harsh beauty.
Cold, windy, frosty, uncomfortable. But how beautiful!
Like many other large islands, it is extremely sparsely populated. It is home to only about 15 thousand people who were able to call it home.
This island belongs to Canada, but besides Canadians, other “inhabitants” live here - Scandinavian gods. Mount Thor is one of the highest cliffs in the world. It is unlikely that the thunder god really lives on this peak, but who forbids thinking so? And there’s nothing to say about the Asgard table mountain.
Of course, these are not all the largest islands. They are scattered around the world, some belong to Indonesia, others belong to Japan. Smaller ones are scattered around the world. But each of them has its own special nature, its own character and its own soul.
It would be even more interesting to visit the largest peninsula, but this is a goal for the next trip. And it will definitely happen, but a little later.