What is considered the safest transport. Why an airplane is the safest mode of transport. The severity of the consequences of a disaster on different modes of transport
When choosing how to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long trips narrow the choice of vehicle. Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular modes of transport.
Public opinion
“What is the safest transport?” – this was the question asked by VTsIOM sociologists. Monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout this time, the opinion of Russians has remained virtually unchanged. Considered safe:
- Metro – 69%;
- bus and tram – 68%;
- trains – 51%;
- cars -48%;
- trolleybus – 40%;
- ferries – 38%.
It is interesting to see how people's attitudes towards air travel have changed. In 2011, only 22% of respondents named the plane as the safest mode of transport. The following year the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.
The director of the center, V. Fedorov, notes that information influences the indicators. Major plane crashes in 2013 caused a decline in citizens' trust in aircraft.
Statistics
Official data differs from the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the mortality rate is determined on different means of transportation.
There are several methods. The most accurate and widespread is to count the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.
Each transport group contains the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the average version “as a whole” is taken. American statistical bureau DERT in 2000. This is how the overall mortality rate was calculated:
- Airplanes – 0.5;
- buses – 0.4;
- trains – 0.6;
- minibuses – 1.2;
- water transport – 2.6;
- cars – 3.1;
- bicycles – 44.6;
- on foot – 54.2;
- motorcycle - 108.9.
Based on the flight coefficient of 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km before (according to statistics!) an accident occurs. According to statistics, the most without dangerous look transport - airplane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.
Tracking aviation accidents Since 1996, the website aviation-safety.net has been operating. From June 1 to November 1, 2017, the world crashed or committed emergency landing 117 aircraft, 279 people died.
In the first five months of this year, in Russia alone, 5,770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71,461 were injured. Even the most safe cars are unable to reduce this amount.
According to regnum.ru, over 5 months, trains had the worst results: 41 people died, 172 were injured.
Airplanes take off every 3 seconds. Therefore, the figures are quite comparable and give a general idea of the number of victims over the same period of time. Every year from the crash air transport About 1000 people die, on the railway - up to two thousand.
Aviation
A car cannot be called the safest means of transportation. In addition, the idea that it is impossible to survive a plane crash is also wrong. If you look at the incident registration resource table, you can see that in most cases there were no casualties. For every 500 disasters in the United States over 20 years, there were 5% of fatalities.
If we take only major crashes from the total, the mortality rate will be about 50%.
In 2007, Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on an airplane. Journalists analyzed data from the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on location.
The number of aircraft survivors as a result of accidents, depending on the landing site Almost 70% of the survivors remain in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft's wing. 56% of those sitting above the wing survive. The main impact of a collision with the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.
There are also statistics on the most safe airplanes. Here are the top five:
- Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type were produced over 24 years. Over 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and not a single casualty was reported;
- Airbus A330 – 577 copies. 1 incident per 14 million flight hours. A total of 8 units lost, 346 deaths;
- Boeing 747 – 1 accident in 17.5 million flights. There are 941 ships in operation, 51 were lost as a result of accidents, 3,732 people died.
- Boeing 737 NG – since 1997 3 tragedies occurred (1/17 million hours).
Interesting fact: The Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of failure, he can safely continue the flight to his destination, without emergency landings.
The Boeing 777 is considered the safest aircraft in the world. The total flight time of 748 aircraft since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. One ship has been lost in its entire history. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account military operations and terrorist attacks.
Motor transport
Oddly enough, the car we are used to is one of the most dangerous means of transportation, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about our safety in the car. The resource testauto.ru publishes data largest companies conducting crash tests. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.
In the general rating column, Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedes E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee receive “excellent”.
Such popular brands as BMV 3 Series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the “good” test.
The main criteria for grading are frontal and side impacts, rollovers, and child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other grades in detail on the specified website, but we have listed all the excellent students. Most safe car in the world the source calls the Volvo XC90 with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device scored the maximum number of stars.
Interestingly, the rating system of some crash tests includes a “pedestrian” rating. Unfortunately, if you look at the table it becomes clear: these participants traffic practically unprotected. Be careful on the roads!
Safe seats in the cabin
Automobile
Do you know what is the safest place in a car? Most people are convinced that it is behind the driver's seat. If a vehicle is hit on the side, the driver and the passenger sitting behind will have equal chances of survival.
The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. That's why The middle between the two rear seats is considered the safest place in the car.
Public transport
Least dangerous to occupy central places public transport. The logic is similar: the greatest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting by the window will be under attack.
It is also not recommended to sit in the back four rows. In the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with their backs in the direction of travel. The middle of the cabin remains the safest place on the bus.
Other payment options
This article discusses one option for calculating safety, from the point of view of passenger kilometers. The question can be resolved based on the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, buses will come out in first place, and planes will come down to third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will take seventh place.
All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Statisticians use various algorithms. It’s enough for us to know: it’s safer to travel over short distances by land, and over long distances – by air. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is beyond competition in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.
We introduced you to transport safety calculation systems and introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the floor is yours. Which means of transportation is preferable for you? We are waiting for your comments!
Calculate what type of transport is the safest, not so simple. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport Finding this data is not difficult, because thanks to tickets, every person is taken into account. But there are problems with automobile transport. It is not possible to track the movements of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store - no one registers at the doorstep of their home.
Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from data from the National Union of Insurers, which keeps statistics of registered insurance cases from 2012 to the present, to data on transport accidents on the Rosstat website.
> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km
Although the number of accidents involving motorcyclists has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle remains one of the most dangerous forms of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion km of travel is paid for with the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.
A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. The reason is non-compliance with traffic rules, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.
5.75 people per 1.6 billion km
Personal cars are in second place in terms of the number of road accidents. In just 1.6 billion km of travel, at least 5.75 people die.
The reasons include the reluctance of drivers to comply with traffic rules, the condition of the road surface, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration of the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together serve as a guarantee that road transport in Russia will not be safe for a long time.
9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers
Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international shipping, and long-distance. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those lands where even the notorious Makar prefers not to send his calves. Perhaps this is what explains such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. You will have to fall from a great height, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.
5 deaths per 1.5 billion km
Minibus taxis cannot be called the safest type of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion km of route traveled by a minibus is paid for by five human lives. Among the reasons can be cited both the work of drivers for wear and tear, as well as design flaws of minibuses, the condition of the roads, unwillingness to comply with traffic rules and drunk driving.
2.84 victims per 1 million transported
There were several major incidents involving intercity buses in 2018, including a tragic incident in Voronezh region, when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses do not differ in safety - for every million passengers transported, at least 2.84 are injured or killed in accidents. In total for 2018, trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.
2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total, in 2018, 62 incidents occurred during sea and river travel, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers transported, there are 2.3 accidents.
Passengers on sea and river boats Not only the water element threatens, but also the fire element. One of the common causes of transport accidents is a sudden fire on board a ship, usually caused by faulty electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that Russia's domestic fleet is in poor condition, and almost a third of the ships have celebrated 40 years of service.
Chance of dying: 1:11,000,000
The safest transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. Data from the National Society of Insurers, which we relied on when assessing the danger of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; Most air transport companies transport their passengers not only within the country, but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.
That's why the plane is the most safe look transport: according to statistics, The chances of dying in an accident on board an airplane are 1 in 11 million. For comparison, the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!
0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains. In general, for 2018 the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven incidents were recorded. Unfortunately, there were some deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.
Everyone prefers to use one of the safest modes of transport. more people, and cost alone cannot explain this. Indeed, for some destinations the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 on trains long distance Almost 8% more passengers were transported than last year. And the increase in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.
0.09 cases per million transported
The trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, for every million passengers transported there are only 0.09 accidents. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell.”
The reasons for the low trauma rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In a collision, for example, with a passenger car, the car will suffer much worse. And the trolleybus passengers will get away with minor bruises.
0.04 victims out of 1,000,000 people
The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million people arriving from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:
- it moves more smoothly than a car or even a trolleybus;
- less noisy;
- completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists try to drive along the tracks);
- Of all urban transport, it causes the least harm to the environment.
Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which simply cannot support a separate line. In just the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest form of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?
Thanks to modern transport, we can move freely over long distances. But which transport is the safest? Oddly enough, the safest mode of transport is an airplane. After the plane, the safety of the passenger can be ensured by the train, and only then by the car. This is exactly what the statistics say. More detailed information You can find out more about this below.
First things first - airplanes
Air transport is the safest!
If you choose transport for a trip or travel, then statistics will definitely recommend air travel. Contrary to the opinion of the majority that the plane is the most unreliable and dangerous form of transport, this is not so! And this is all due to the widespread resonance of the ongoing plane crashes in the world. The facts themselves say absolutely the opposite.
Thousands of flights take place around the world every hour. According to statistics, there is only 1 death per 1 million air passengers.
Every plane crash is a news item with a lightning bolt, which is discussed and closely followed by journalists. Whenever there is a major plane crash, shocking footage from the scene of the tragedy and lists of victims are shown on television, and mourning is also declared.
But if you think about it, 2-3 things happen every year. major plane crashes, and about a dozen small ones, while you can estimate the approximate number of victims, this is somewhere around 1-2 thousand people a year. Now think about how many car accidents occur every day in which people die? What about per month and per year? In just one month, about 2 thousand people die as a result of car accidents.
Despite a large number of victims in a plane crash, and after one there is very little chance of survival; the number of victims is tens of times less than in tragedies with other modes of transport.
Recently, the number of plane crashes has decreased by 36%. This is all thanks to the fact that aircraft are constantly being improved in everything, including safety. Before departure, the aircraft undergoes a thorough inspection and check, and the flight itself is controlled by both the aircraft crew and dispatchers on the ground.
Trains after planes
The second safest mode of transport is the train. Statistics say that there are 18 deaths per 1 million passengers.
It is the railway service that most people consider the safest form of transportation, but dry numbers say the opposite. Most likely, this happens because there are rails under the train and they have their own separate route, when there is only air under the plane. Despite the fact that railway accidents also have a resonance, however, it is not as significant as in airplane accidents.
Many might argue that train accidents are no more common than plane accidents, in which fewer people die. However, the number of flights, passengers on them and the distance covered are many times greater than those of other modes of transport.
Auto is unsafe
One of the most unsafe modes of transport are cars. Judging by the figures, there are 62 deaths per 1 million passengers.
– very unsafe. Unlike the previous two modes of transport, here the chances of getting into an accident increase due to other road users who can cause an accident.
And now the numbers
Now let's look at mortality statistics. If above we took into account the number of deaths per total passengers, now let’s look at the data on the kilometers covered:
- Air travel - 0.05 people;
- Railway communication – 0.9 people;
- Motor transport – 3.1 people.
It is clear that the number of accidents on highways is much higher. Thus, according to official statistics, only in the first half of the year in the territory Russian Federation There were 62,984 reported road traffic accidents, which is approximately 346 accidents per day.
Concerning railway transport, the statistics here are less deplorable, but the indicators are far from aviation ones. Thus, on the Gorky Railway alone in 2013, there were 17 accidents in which 12 people died. Unfortunately, there are no general statistics on railway accidents for the world as a whole, but in some countries, for example, in India, the situation is much worse than in Russia, so it becomes clear that the number of accidents in absolute terms in air transport is much lower than the same indicator on highways or railways.
When analyzing disasters, it is, of course, worth taking into account the widespread use of cars. But the number of flights per day is quite comparable to the number of trains leaving the stations every day.
The severity of the consequences of a disaster on different modes of transport
As a rule, there are no survivors. However, the same dry statistics indicate that this statement is not entirely true. In 2013, out of 827 people on plane crashes, 311 died. In road accidents over six months in Russia, 7,801 people died and another 80,330 were injured.As for railway transport, there is a high mortality rate in road accidents at crossings, but in most incidents while the train is moving, people receive moderate injuries and bruises.
About half of air crashes occur while the aircraft is landing on the ground. Interestingly, about the same proportion of accidents are caused by fatal pilot error.
What type of transport is the least dangerous?
Insurance companies help you understand which type of transport is the least safe, because they constantly study the statistics of disasters on land, in the air and at sea. Interestingly, the lowest rates for insuring cargo transported by sea and by air transport, that is, the probability of an unfavorable outcome here is considered by insurers as lower.As for passengers, they are insured at a lower percentage for rail transport and when flying by plane. And trips to ground transport(personal and public) are considered the most risky of all possible types of travel.
There are many different transports in tourism: from cruise ships, trains and ultra-modern aircraft to gondolas, balloons and rickshaws. This variety allows you to choose fast and convenient modes of transport for comfortable travel or sightseeing tours. To make it easier for you to decide, we have created a list of the best Vehicle for traveling.
Aircraft
The safest and popular view Transport in tourism is considered to be the airplane. It is very comfortable: polite stewards who are always ready to help, comfortable seats, you won’t go hungry. The availability of restrooms is also a plus, which is a necessity when traveling with children. As for tickets for children, it is absolutely not necessary to pay the full price. Children under two years of age can travel completely free of charge in the arms of their parents.
By using an airplane you can get to your destination faster than by any other means of transport. For example, a seven-day train journey can be replaced by a 7-8 hour plane flight. Despite the fact that all this time you need to sit inactively, this saves almost 6 days of traveling by train. If you cannot sit for that amount of time without moving, then you can go to the restroom or stretch your limbs while sitting, disperse the blood with special exercises.
Disadvantages of air travel include turbulence and the risk of lost luggage. By the way, plane crashes do not occur due to turbulence, despite general ideas about this phenomenon. In addition to these moments, travelers are simply haunted by the fear of airplanes. Statistics show that about 80 percent are afraid of flying, and five percent have a phobia about it, so they have completely excluded this form of transport for travel. This probably comes from surprise and misunderstanding “how such a huge thing stays in the air.” A little self-development and fear will disappear.
Train
A huge factor when choosing transport for travel is money. Until recently, the cost of air tickets was unaffordable for many excursion lovers. Now you can see many discounts and offers, which will make it easy to fly at a low price and with great comfort. Some tickets end up being cheaper than train tickets. Due to this, a trend towards a reduction in the number of railway transportations has been noticed.
However, trains remain in the background for tourists. Although on the train there is a relative opportunity to sleep in some comfort, visit the dining car and eat. You can walk along the carriages, thereby stretching your bones, spend time with a cup of tea, talking with new acquaintances or playing chess. People are attracted to trains by a certain charm that is imparted by: the uniform hum of wheels, changing landscapes outside the window, swaying, as well as stops at stations, during which you can discover new places.
If you want to take a trip to a small town, then excellent option there will be a train. This will turn out to be a vehicle for recreation and will not require transfers, because now there are plenty of directions railway. There is another plus to this: You won’t have to go through a tedious check-in and security procedure, like at the airport, for example. In addition, you will not need to overpay for additional luggage. While landings may be delayed and flight schedules may change, incidents with trains are quite rare. This means that you will be at the appointed place at the right time.
Automobile
More and more people are becoming fans of traveling on their own transport. If you decide, after all, to go on a trip by car, then remember that this determines a certain degree of responsibility for you. The first thing you need to do is take care of a transit visa, which should cover all the countries you will be passing through. The car needs to be put in order. It's about not just about maintenance. Find out if, for example, your favorite tint is prohibited in the country you are traveling to. Otherwise, you will need to pay a fine or, in general, remove it right on the spot.
If traveling by other means of transport only involves purchasing a ticket and driving, then the autotourist needs to take care of gasoline, stopping points, insurance, as well as funds for unforeseen situations. (additional refueling, accident, breakdown on the road).
It must be remembered that one person can be behind the wheel for no more than 12-13 hours, after which such driving becomes dangerous. It would be good if someone could replace the driver. Having previously prepared for the trip, you can travel for your pleasure, packing with you all the things that will make your vacation comfortable and your suitcases large. You will have a great opportunity to stop to enjoy the scenery and take photos. You can also sometimes leave the designated route when you see signs with any attractions.
Traveling in so-called mobile homes has become very popular. This is an excellent vehicle for recreation, with which you don’t need to spend money on hotels, stopping at campsites. These cars have comfortable sleeping places, air conditioning and heating, a dry closet with a shower, a refrigerator with a stove and a sink. In some countries with a suitable climate, people live entirely in such cars.
Sea transport
The most romantic and the best transport for relaxation you can call it a cruise ship. It cannot be called just a ship, it most likely resembles an entertainment town. It has everything: casinos, bars and restaurants, saunas and baths, beauty salons and GYM's, theaters, swimming pools, interest clubs, libraries. Many services are absolutely free. Here you can easily leave your child in the children's club, where he will not be bored at all, and go bowling or go to the skating rink. Don't be afraid of pitching, the liners are built in such a way that you won't feel it even in a storm.
Public transport
In addition to the trip to different countries, the tourist also needs to choose transport for traveling within the selected state. Often, the journey begins from the airport or train station. The cost of a taxi ride in these places is always much higher. It would be nice if you yourself know the phone numbers of the city’s taxi services. So, you will pay strictly according to the meter, avoiding overpayment. There is almost always a bus stop near train stations. This transfer will be much cheaper than a taxi.
Within the city itself, the best option for traveling is by metro or bus. For some countries, the metro is a unique transport. For example, residents of Athens equate a trip on the subway to visiting a museum. Bangkok is famous for its overground metro. Literally at the 3-7 floor level, the trains seem to be flying in the air.
Sightseeing transport
When choosing a vehicle for recreation, pay attention to vehicles from which the view will accurately convey the flavor of the area. For example, in Venice you can ride a gondola while listening to the whistling and lingering chants of the gondoliers. Many European countries They offer a hot air balloon excursion. And some sights are best viewed from a helicopter, for example, the Great Chinese wall or Victoria Falls. You can explore the desert using a jeep, camels or ATVs. It is rare to meet a person who returned from Sri Lanka and did not ride an elephant or from Japan - in a rickshaw. Discover the best modes of transport and travel in comfort!