Message on the topic of natural monuments of Crimea. Geological monuments of Crimea. Chatyrdag - mighty khan of Yayla

Geological monuments are territories with picturesque and bizarre relief, geological outcrops, places where fossils of ancient flora and fauna are found, and unusual landforms.

Geological monuments are among the most interesting natural objects. Usually the places where they are located are very picturesque. In addition to providing aesthetic pleasure from contemplating beauty wildlife, geological monuments are of great educational value and can be of interest both to a specialist and to any person who wants to broaden their horizons.

Geological monuments of Crimea

Crimea has significant tourism resources. The most visited complex geological natural monuments of Crimea are especially popular among tourists.

Some of them are unique natural phenomena with original morphology and geological and lithological features and are of significant interest for the development of scientific and educational tourism. There are a variety of geological landscapes and aesthetic natural objects for sports and educational tourism.

In the directory “Geological Monuments of Ukraine”, out of 716 names of monuments located on the territory of Ukraine, Crimea accounts for 126, i.e. 17.5%. In Crimea, the scientific and educational significance of geological natural monuments especially increases due to their general accessibility and visibility. The uniqueness of these objects and the saturation of the territory of the peninsula with them makes Crimea an unsurpassed region in its importance for the activities of scientists.

It was in Crimea that such scientists as Fersman, Andrusov, Obruchev, Shcherbakov, Golovkinsky and others conducted their research and reached the pinnacle of science.

Geological monuments are valuable not only for science. Most of them are interesting and attractive excursion and tourist sites. Due to their easy accessibility, these objects can serve as “living” visual aids primarily for schoolchildren, arousing in them a genuine interest not only in the monuments themselves, but also in geology, geography and local history as sciences in general.

Most of the geological natural monuments of Crimea create a specific picturesque appearance of the peninsula, so attractive to tourists. Thousands of students of geological, geographical and biological specialties come to Crimea every year for field internships. Geological monuments are individual point natural objects, which are fragments of the earth's crust, in which valuable geological and geomorphological information of past eras is recorded or the dynamics of modern geological and geomorphological processes are clearly expressed. The concept of a “point natural object” emphasizes the limited size of a natural landmark identified as a geological monument. The area of the geomonument is usually 2 hectares.

An ever-increasing process economic activity negatively affects the natural environment of the peninsula, placing plant and animal world, landscapes.

In this regard, environmental protection activities have intensified, environmental protection measures are being introduced, and ecological trails, protected areas, sanctuaries, natural monuments etc. an environmental regime is also established for the geological environment, as an integral part of the natural system. IN different time Attempts have been made repeatedly to identify landscape monuments, determine their scientific and environmental status, and classify them on the basis of their systematic subordination, genesis and scientific significance.

Geological and stratigraphic monuments of Crimea

Main article: Stratigraphic monuments of Crimea

Geological-stratigraphic monuments are based on stratigraphic data, determined by the sequence of occurrence of layers in a vertical section, as well as facies and formational relationships. The basic unit is the stratotype of a stage, substage, formation, subformation, layers with fauna. These should include outcrops and their elements, parts of sections, and the position of stratigraphic boundaries. Previously proposed as independent chronological monuments, apparently, have no basis to be accepted, since they do not have a material basis and are derived on the basis of stratigraphic and paleontological data.

Geomorphological monuments of Crimea

Geomorphological monuments combine all the diversity of relief forms that arose as a result of the complex interaction of endogenous and exogenous processes. The main criteria are morphological and genetic. The set of signs is very diverse. This may include:

Erosion forms - characteristic areas of river valleys, canyons, gorges, gorges;
Structural-denudation forms - individual rocks, witness mountains, sphinxes, weathering idols, individual morphologically distinctive peaks, distinguished by original outlines;
Karst forms - caves, mines, wells, failures;
Abrasion forms - coastal cliffs, characteristic capes protruding into the sea, picturesque coastal cliffs, bays;
Gravitational relief forms - sliding rocks, outlier mountains, landslides, stone chaos, landslides, screes.

Geological-tectonic monuments of Crimea

Main article: Tectonic monuments of Crimea

Geological-tectonic monuments, genetically related to geodynamic processes in the earth's crust, expressed by plicative (folded) and disjunctive (discontinuous) forms of tectogenesis. They can be represented by individual folds or a system of folds that stand out in relief in outcrops on the slopes of mountain uplifts; fault, reverse fault, thrust and strike-slip structures. A distinctive feature is the displacement planes prepared by denudation with sliding mirrors located on them. The elements of paleogeodynamics are thrusts, tectonic nappes, mélanges, gravity-tectonic olistostromes, and chaotic complexes. Tectonic monuments include forms of volcanic tectogenesis - lava flows, sills, as well as forms associated with breaks in the earth's crust - dikes, stocks, laccoliths and other forms of effusion and intrusion volcanism.

Geological and paleogeographical monuments of Crimea

Geological and paleogeographical monuments are captured in forms and documents associated with the interaction of lithospheric, hydrosphere, atmospheric and biosphere processes. Paleogeographical monuments are very specific and are associated with the characteristics of paleolandscapes or their components: paleorelief, paleoclimate, organic world of past geological eras.

Paleogeographical features recorded in sections of the earth's crust appear in the form of lithological, paleontological, geochemical, paleogeomorphological and other documents. This should also include signs of the location of ancient coastal zones, paleobiological and paleoecological signs - fossil reef structures, signs of a rock bottom, signs associated with earthly catastrophes.

Mineralogical and petrographic monuments of Crimea

Mineralogical and petrographic monuments are determined by outcrops of characteristic rocks and the minerals and mineral associations contained in them, which are of particular mineralogical and geochemical interest, signs of metallogeny and ore occurrence. Mineralogical and petrographic monuments are very diverse, and their identification should be based on taking into account their scientific, educational, scientific and practical significance. First of all, indicators such as rarity of occurrence, compositional features, usefulness for the national economy, and possibilities for industrial use should be taken into account.

Geological and paleontological monuments of Crimea

Geological and paleontological monuments are associated with finds of remains of fossil organisms and should be based on taking into account the composition, degree of preservation, and paleontological significance: these are rare and poorly studied forms, exotic forms that characterize the biota of the geological past. This should include finds of bone remains of ancient fossil mammals, terrestrial and aquatic organisms, which are of particular value for chronostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleogeography. Paleontological finds accurately recorded in geological sections. They are of exceptional value for solving geological problems, as well as reconstructing the features of the paleobiosphere of the geological past.

Sources and literature

Geological monuments of Ukraine: Directory guide / Korotenko N.E., Shchiritsa A.S., Kanevsky A.Ya. and others - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1985. - 156 p.
Vasily Yena, Alexander Yena, Andrey Yena. Protected landscapes of Taurida. - Simferopol: Business-Inform, 2004. -424 p.
Ena V.G., Kuznetsov A.G., Lysenko N.I. Features of the development of the PTC of the mountainous Crimea in the Pleistocene and their influence on natural and technical systems/Physical geography and geomorphology. - Vol. 33. - K.: Vishcha School, 1986. - P. 98-103.
Kuznetsov A.G., Dzhun V.S. Classification of geological monuments of Crimea and their protection/Natural complexes of Crimea, their optimization and protection. - Simferopol: SSU, 1985. - P. 8-12.
Kuznetsov A.G., V.P. Problems of protection of geological and mineralogical objects of Crimea/Ecological and environmental aspects of study Mountain Crimea. - Simferopol: SSU, 1985. - P. 9-12.

Every year, millions of travelers choose the Crimean Peninsula for their holidays. Of course, this is where many wonderful monuments are located, including not only resorts, but also amazing corners created by Mother Nature. So, the natural attractions and riches of Crimea - what are they? We present to your attention a ranking of the ten best!

10. Maiden Lake: a fantastic surface of water even in the photo

Coordinates: 44°35′46″N (44.596105), 33°48′4″E (33.801063).

And the huge temple, the ruins of which rest peacefully at the bottom, artificially created many years ago, are the main secret of this corner of Crimea. From the outside, the pond seems calm and serene. The unshakable surface of the lake reflects the beauty of greenery and sun. But as soon as the water level begins to fall towards the end of summer, the ruins of the old christian church turn out to be visible to the gaze of tourists, as if reminding them of themselves and silently telling their story.

9. Soldatskaya – the deepest cave in Crimea

Coordinates: 44°52′29″N (44.874634), 34°34′59″E (34.582967).

Some natural attractions and riches of the Republic of Crimea are distinguished by record data compared to the whole of Europe. This is a dangerous and enticing cavity in its depths, discovered in 1968 nearby and consisting of inclined wells, various passages and narrow deep manholes up to 85 m. For tourists who want to look into the mysterious space, it is necessary to obtain permission from special services. Only then, having put on your equipment, go to explore lakes, streams and other amazing creations of nature located underground.

8. Balaklava Bay - a natural decoration of Sevastopol

Coordinates: 44°29′44″N (44.495538), 33°35′41″E (33.594715).

In the eighth position of our rating is located, distinguished by its beauty and pristine nature. It's easy to find good ones here. The water here cuts into the land quite deeply and resembles a winding path. The atmosphere of solitude and tranquility, stunning landscapes leave an indelible impression and remain in the memory for a long time. On the Fortress Mountain, which is located nearby, there is still a building built by the Genoese many centuries ago.

7. Pushkin Grotto - one of the natural resources of Gurzuf

Coordinates: 44°32′48″N (44.546677), 34°17′47″E (34.29642).

WITH east side On Pushkin Rock you can see a truly grandiose creation of nature -. This writer spent a little more than 3 months in 1820. He rented a small boat and sailed under the arches of the rock formation, where he found solitude and inspiration in the depths of the rocks. Now this magnificent creation is popular among tourists who come to the peninsula to admire the monument. Inside the cave cavity there are places where you can rest next to the water before heading back.

6. Cape Chameleon - a “changeable” attraction near Koktebel

Coordinates: 44°57′50″N (44.963976), 35°17′42″E (35.29495).

We continue our acquaintance with the natural attractions and riches of Crimea. Not far from is located, which was formed from clay shales - hard rock that has the property of reflecting light. As a result, the protrusion completely changes color depending on weather conditions, the location of the sun and the time of year, is identical to a lizard that can change color. Thanks to this, it bears such a telling name. Interestingly, two bays formed on both sides of it. The water in them is different in color, which adds additional charm if you admire the view from above.

5. Golden Gate - arch to the sun of Crimea

Coordinates: 44°54′52″N (44.914547), 35°13′53″E (35.231274).

At the end of our top, in fifth place, are . Kara-Dag is a volcanic massif on the Black Sea coast, where this arch-shaped rock can be seen not far from the shore. In the past, this attractive structure of nature bore the gloomy name - “Devil's Gate”, as it was believed that here was the entrance to the underworld. Today, excursion routes have been laid out to the famous landmark, and travelers, having caught a good angle, can admire how it appears golden, bathed in the rays of the setting sun.

4. Rock Diva - a legendary monument near Simeiz

Coordinates: 44°24′2″N (44.40067), 34°0′3″E (34.000851).

You can also find natural attractions and riches on the South Coast; the Republic of Crimea is famous for them throughout Russia. So, in the area, in the Black Sea, at the foot, there is a limestone rock more than 45 m high. It owes its name to its appearance, the top, which from a distance resembles the bust of a woman with flowing hair. There is a legend around her that an evil spirit once committed evil deeds by turning into a girl. But the forces of good recognized the lie and punished him by turning him into a rock. Travelers who climb to the top of Diva, where they need to overcome 260 steps, are offered an impressive view of the endless turquoise-colored water surface, which fascinates, glistening with the sun's rays.

3. Dzhur-Dzhur - the most powerful waterfall in Crimea

Coordinates: 44°48′19″N (44.805365), 34°27′34″E (34.459533).

Now the time has come to talk about which natural attractions and riches of Crimea are most in demand among tourists. In, on the territory of the urban district, the flows of the Eastern Ulu-Uzen River formed an inexhaustible river, which has several translations, such as “Water-Water” or “Eternally Murmuring”. It got its name due to the fact that even in the driest times the water does not end here and falls in rushing streams down the cascading threshold. Here you can take unforgettable photos against the backdrop of the gurgling giant and enjoy the mesmerizing scenery. Due to the low temperature and the presence of stones in the raging waterfall, tourists are not recommended to go into the water. It will be safer to admire the spectacle from the side.

2. Valley of Ghosts - the most mysterious place on the peninsula

Coordinates: 44°45′3″N (44.750934), 34°24′28″E (34.407894).

On the slope, located in the northern part of the Alushta valley, there is a mysterious and mysterious place -. Large blocks of stone, created by nature, in their entire appearance resemble living creatures - people and animals, who are forever frozen immobilized. There is a legend in Crimea about ancient nomads who once wanted to occupy the lands of the peninsula. But the mountain did not like the attitude of the uninvited guests towards the locals; it punished them by turning them into stone statues. The thick fog that often settles over the valley adds even more mystery. Thanks to this phenomenon, in ancient times Demerdzhi was called “Funa”, which means “smoking”. The play of light and shadows is also interesting, creating the impression of the presence of life among the motionless rocks. Excursions are often organized here, when tourists can observe a picture that defies logic and think about what secret the attraction hides.

1. Ai-Petri - a majestic elevation that does not need description

Coordinates: 44°27′4″N (44.450996), 34°3′17″E (34.054659).

The first place in our rating is, which, although not the highest in Crimea, is not inferior in beauty and picturesqueness to any other natural monument. Its name is translated from Greek as “St. Peter.” You can get to the top either from where it originates, with a length of 1860 m, or by car from Yalta. Not far from the famous observation deck "Shishko" on the plateau lies the highest mountainous Crimean settlement - the village of Okhotnichye. From the heights of Ai-Petri there is a stunning view that will impress any tourist, inspire new exploits and energize!

We hope that the natural attractions of Crimea with photos and descriptions given above have inspired you to new achievements! However, there are many other places on the peninsula created by nature that deserve tourist attention. They never cease to amaze with their incredible beauty, mystery and splendor!

Spectacular caves of Crimea

Every resident of our vast homeland of Russia knows that Crimea is a resort of the gods. This corner of paradise is also very popular abroad.

Valley of Ghosts

Demerdzhi appears unusually beautiful mountain among others located in Crimea. How many hours there are in a day, the color of the mountain changes so many times. On a sunny day, just at sunset, from yellow rock turns into a deep orange, gradually becomes red, and before sunset only its top glows with crimson light.

Crimea lays claim to the laurels of a world resort

As you know, Ukraine and Crimea have been cherishing a plan to create a world-class resort in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for the second year. Is there a place for Ukrainians to relax?

Valley of Ghosts

The mountain, unique in composition, displays ancient layers. For example, centuries-old limestone - as a porous rock, it quickly undergoes destruction. Water, heat, cold, and wind quickly turn the mountain layer into sand. As a result of the natural process, bizarre rocks appear. They are called “weathering rocks.”

Kerch Strait

The Kerch Strait is a strait that lies directly in the waters of the Azov Sea and the Black Sea connected to it. The western coast is the Kerch Peninsula (Crimea), east coast- Taman Peninsula.

Marble Cave

Marble Cave opened in 1987. It is one of the five most beautiful caves in existence.

Dangerous insects of Crimea

If you are grabbed by an encephalitis tick in the forest, you should go to the nearest medical center or sanitary epidemiological station as quickly as possible. Only there can they determine whether a given insect is a carrier of encephalitis and take the necessary measures.

Dangerous animals and plants of Crimea

Among large animals, encounters with wild boars and foxes with rabies can pose a danger. But there are no poisonous snakes in Crimea. However, in Crimea there are animals that are more dangerous.

Reserves of Crimea

The reserves of Crimea began to exist on July 30, 1923, although back in 1917 the royal hunting grounds were declared national reserve. The reserve fund of the peninsula consists of four state reserves: Yalta, Karadag, Crimean and Cape Matyan, occupying 43.8% of the protected area of Crimea.

Crimea therapy, or medicinal properties Crimea

Crimea has long been known for the healing properties of its unique nature. Long before our era, the ancient Greek historian Herodotus left evidence of the use of mud here for medicinal purposes. The annexation of the peninsula to Russia made it possible to become interested in healing factors the first domestic researchers of Crimea. At first, only Saki and Evpatoria muds were used. The modern history of the peninsula as a resort can be traced back to the sixties of the 19th century, after the visit of Emperor Alexander II.

Cape Fiolent as a little-known natural monument

Cape Fiolent, as well as the St. George Monastery, are little known, but are interesting monuments of the history and geology of Crimea. They are located on the Black Sea coast between Balaklava and Sevastopol. Enormous stone pyramid cape above the expanses of the sea plain, the smooth outline of picturesque bays, delighting with magnificent beaches, inexplicably attract you. Here are also the romantic ruins of the famous St. George Monastery, which fits into the edge of a two-hundred-meter cliff from the Heracles plateau. IN Soviet years The surrounding places were a closed territory, so guidebooks and the press did not disseminate information about them. Only since the nineties the monastery and the cape have been open to inspection. The parking lot near the monastery quickly filled with cars and tourist buses...

Time active rest

The time has passed when the price was for a moderate life, filled with gatherings in a cafe or bar over a glass of beer. And that's it more people Today they are striving to join a more active way of life. A good example is a sport such as parkour. Late in the evening or on weekends on the streets in big city you can see people climbing somewhere, jumping, doing it all so beautifully that you want to learn how to do the same. But if you want to achieve real success, you need to look for a specific sport that you will like. It could be parkour, or kayaking on the river, hiking to the places of their homeland. All this will add color to life, add new emotions to measured life. Of course, not everyone is able to climb a steep wall or jump with a parachute, but everyone will be able to carry out hiking trips. If you are going on a hike with friends or family, this will allow you to get the most out of new experiences.

Dangerous fauna of Crimea

People who are going to relax in a parking lot, on a deserted seashore, are sometimes afraid of biting wild creatures of various kinds. Some children of the modern concrete jungle are also afraid of foxes. Although I am not a biologist, however, I was interested in the problem; for several years I monitored the Internet regarding vacations in Crimea, as well as everything related to this vacation. Therefore, I will share my modest thoughts.

Mosaic of the Black Sea

Tens of millions of years to where it is now Southern Europe With North Africa, from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean, the Tethys Ocean spilled over the planet. About 8 million years ago, its huge mirror began to fragment, and the Balkans, Carpathians, Crimea, and Caucasus rose from the bottom in the form of growing mountains. Scientists believe that during the development of the earth, this water basin merged twice with the Mediterranean Sea and three times with the Caspian Sea. Only 6-7 thousand years passed when the Black Sea acquired its modern appearance.

What to see in Crimea? Five best canyons in Crimea

Perhaps everyone who goes on vacation to Crimea wants to see the most interesting things. Fortunately, the entire nature of the small peninsula is quite rich in attractions. And indelibly vivid impression, along with mountain peaks, with the sea and caves, the Crimean canyons are capable of producing - these are entire kingdoms of real wild nature. It is the five canyons of Crimea that we will consider now. Grand Canyon differs from the others in its great depth (about 250-300 m) and small width (in some places only 2-3 m), it is popular among tourists and vacationers. The canyon is beautiful, but it has its drawbacks - there is a large influx of people wanting to see it, which means you have to pay at the entrance.

How to relax in Crimea?

There are active and mattress “Wild” recreation. The essence of mattress rest is to sunbathe and lie down on some picturesque seashore Crimea. There are many campsites and “mattress camp” sites in Crimea. However, resting on a mattress is a rather dull activity and suitable for incurious and lazy people. It differs from holidays in boarding houses only in the low level of comfort and cheapness. But everyone has their own preferences, and maybe this is exactly what someone needs.

What is Mount Cat famous for?

The Crimean peninsula is replete with many unique landscape monuments. One of the most picturesque and interesting tourists is Mount Cat. It extends directly to the Black Sea coast, its height is 255 meters. Mount Cat is one of the interesting historical archaeological sites ancient period and the Middle Ages. The massif in some places contains the ruins of fortress masonry. Archaeologists discovered here a solid Crimean burial ground of the sixth – second centuries BC: burials in the form of stone boxes.

Ayazma tract. Natural landmark of Crimea

The Ayazma tract, located in the Crimean Balaklava, is considered one of the most beautiful corners Crimean peninsula. The tract is located between Cape Aya and Balaklava Bay. Chaotic piles of rocks and boulders here give way to marvelous landscapes and steep slopes, the azure sea with its rich colors mixes with the lush crowns of trees. Rare shrubs and trees such as small-fruited strawberry, wild pistachio, bush jasmine, Stankevich pine, etc. grow here. Some of them grew on the planet in the pre-glacial period.

Modern Fauna of Crimea

The fauna of Crimea consists of representatives of the animal world of Mediterranean origin (mountainous part), aliens from the flat part of Ukraine. Many endemics. In general, the species composition is slightly poorer than in neighboring territories, this is explained by the position of Crimea - rather isolated. In total, there are approximately 10 thousand species of invertebrate animals, about 400 species of vertebrates.

Koktebel

Crimean beaches behind last years began to become popular. The village of Koktebel is considered one of the most beautiful and beautiful places on the Crimean peninsula. There is also dormant volcano Kara-Dag, and the mysterious Cape Chameleon, constantly changing its color. This is where the view of the beautiful beaches and numerous olive trees. Active young people and lovers of glamorous parties will find everything their heart desires in Koktebel. Here you can play volleyball, lie on the gentle sand and dance on the numerous open-air dance floors. There is a great opportunity to take a ride on a sea yacht or ship and go in search of real carnelians and onyxes, rolled by the sea in natural conditions. You will want to return to this hospitable coast again and again - with friends or in the hope of making new acquaintances. Your holiday in Koktebel will undoubtedly be remembered for a long time.

Black and Azov seas

The Crimean peninsula is washed by the Azov Sea from the east, and the Black Sea from the south and west. The Black Sea is one of the deepest seas in Europe (2245 m) with an area of 423,000 km?. The Sea of Azov is shallow, with a greatest depth of 13.5 m. The Black Sea is the easternmost branch of the water area Atlantic Ocean. The huge bowl-shaped basin of the Black Sea contains 547,000 km2, which significantly influences the climate of the coasts. For 6.5 months, the sea water here is warmer than the air, which is a successful component of the fruitful functioning of the resorts. The average annual water temperature off the Alushta coast is +14.2°, and the swimming season here lasts 130 days.

Medical and climatic features of resorts

Crimea has long been recognized as unique recreational complex. Here visitors are greeted with all the necessary conditions for a memorable holiday and recovery. This is largely due to the favorable climate. Vacationers can enjoy healing air, gentle sun, gentle sea, beautiful beaches, treatment with mineral thermal waters and healing mud. It’s dry and warm in Crimea already in May, and you can rest until October. Then Crimea is visited by the maximum number of vacationers, trying to recharge with vivacity, vitality and energy. In May it is already quite warm in all resort areas of Crimea, but the warmest cities are Feodosia, Kerch and Yalta, the coldest are Sevastopol, Evpatoria and Chernomorskoe. Storms often visit Sevastopol, about three days a month. They are seen least in Yalta, Sudak, Alushta and Feodosia.

CRIMEA COGNITIVE

CRIMEA is a unique combination of historical, architectural and landscape complexes in a small area.

KIL IN KACHI VALLEY

Kil is a special Crimean clay that has long been used for degreasing wool, cleaning fabrics and carpets, washing in sea water, treating intestinal diseases and wounds. Translated from Turkic “kil” means “wool” or “hair”. The scientific name for clubroot is bentonite clay. Its cleaning properties are due to both its microscopic size and the special structure of montmorillonite crystals, its main component. The keel formation runs from Simferopol to Sevastopol, as well as near the village of Prolom near Belogorsk.

Tepe-Kerman

Tepe-Kermen - translated from Tatar Fortress on the top. This is the most little-studied “cave city”. Archaeological research carried out here in the middle of the 20th century revealed that the settlement was founded in the 6th century and existed until the middle of the 14th century. Tepe-Kermen is located near Bakhchisarai on a mountain outcrop (sugar loaf). The mountain is a regular cone that rises 540 meters above sea level, and 250 meters above the adjacent plains. The cliffs of the mountain reach 12 meters. On a plateau with an area of about one hectare, there are more than three hundred artificial caves in several tiers. Each cave is a complex of two to four rooms.

Alushta and its nature

Alushta is attractive for horseback riding, automobile, hiking and cycling tourism. The local climate is favorable for treating the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems. Near the city there is the Crimean Nature Reserve with a dendrozoo, where animals and living plants live in natural conditions. The mountain amphitheater encourages romantic hikes and walks. Here you can see almost the entire Crimean peninsula, walk through pine and beech forests, fish in the purest mountain lakes, climb Tent Mountain or the top of Chatyrdag, visit the healing spring of the monastery of Cosmas and Damian.

Geological structure of Karadag

On the Black Sea coast between the Koktebel Basin and the Otuz Valley there is a separate mountain range called Karadag, stretching along the coast from west to east, and inland - the dome-shaped massif of the Holy Mountain. The coastal ridge is represented by Kok-Kayu, Khoba-Tepe, Karagach and Magnitny ridge, and on the northwestern slope of the Holy Mountain is the Maly Karadag peak. The Holy Mountain with Maly Karadag and the Coast Range consist of many volcanic rocks. The ridges west of Karadag and the depressions between the Holy Mountain and the Coast Range are composed of sedimentary rocks. In volcanic rocks, layered strata are distinguished, consisting of lava flows and layers of tuff of volcanic origin, and secant bodies. Volcanic rocks formed when lava hardens have a varied mineral composition and appearance, and also differ in the composition of silicon (silica).

Belbek River

Belbek is a river flowing in the southwest of Crimea. Its length is 63 km, and the basin area is 505 km?. It is formed by the confluence of 2 rivers Managotra and Ozenbash, flowing down the slopes Main ridge Crimea. The river flows into the Black Sea not far from the Sevastopol Bay near the village of Lyubimovka. Belbek is the deepest river in Crimea. In the upper reaches, the river and its tributaries are turbulent, never-drying streams, with a fast current, a narrow channel and high steep banks.

Black Sea. Geology.

The depression between Asia Minor and Southeast Europe, formed during the Miocene era, is filled by the Black Sea. One hypothesis states that the Black Sea arose 7,500 years ago after the end of the Ice Age. It was the deepest freshwater lake. The Black Sea depression is represented by two parts: western and eastern, separated by a rise - a natural continuation of the Crimean peninsula. The northwestern part of the sea has a relatively wide shelf strip of up to 190 km. The eastern and southern coasts are characterized by a shelf strip of no more than 20 km, cut by a number of depressions and canyons. Off the coast Black Sea coast The depths of the Caucasus and Crimea increase very quickly, reaching elevations above 500 m a few kilometers from the coast. In the central part south of Yalta, it is reached maximum depth sea 2210 m.

Volcanic massif Karadag

The ancient volcanic massif Karadag is located in the mountainous region of Eastern Crimea, between Feodosia and Sudak. Karadag occupies a small area on the coast between the Koktebel depression and the Sudak valley. Its main ridge stretches from Feodosia to Balaklava. Karadag is translated from Tatar as “black mountain”, and this is not an accidental name, since the entire Karadag massif is made up of dark gray volcanic rocks, which contrast sharply with the limestone light gray hills. Many consider Karadag the most beautiful place Crimea, but it is a very special, miraculous beauty with its own and rather harsh character. Some places are completely inaccessible to humans, and can only be admired from the sea. Karadag is an area where there are practically no smooth lines, but there are more dips and cliffs than on the rest of the coast.

Jur-Jur waterfall

The Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall is one of the most beautiful and powerful waterfalls on the Crimean peninsula, which does not dry out even in the driest years. However, the most best time The best time to visit this beautiful waterfall is after the May rains, when the rivers fill with water and the waterfall becomes incredibly powerful. The waterfall is located on the Ulu-Uzen River, which carries its waters through three-cascade rapids into the gorge, where it falls from a 100-meter height. The waterfall is named after a cave located nearby (750 m long), but the Greeks, who ruled the peninsula thousands of years ago, called this waterfall Cremasto - Nero, which means “hanging water”. Unlike many other waterfalls - the waters of Jura - the Jura do not fall with tremendous force, do not rumble, and do not make noise, falling from a height into a deep pit - they gently murmur, creating unique sounds of nature. Near the waterfall there are beautiful and incredibly picturesque cascade rapids...

Nikitsky Botanical Garden

The modern Nikitsky Botanical Garden near Yalta was founded as the Imperial Tauride State Botanical Garden in 1812...

Wuchang-Su Waterfall

The Uchan-Su waterfall (which means “Flying Water”) was well described in his “Essays on Crimea” by the famous local historian and scientist E. Markov...

Ai-Yori Source

The water passes through a log chute, rising to a decent height, and then falls from there in the form of an artificially created waterfall...

Yeni-sala cave.

Mysterious and still not properly studied caves called Yeni Sala are located on the site of a Tatar village...

Suuchkhan waterfall.

This beautiful waterfall is located on the Suuchkhan River in the amazingly beautiful Kizil-Koba tract.

Aluston Fortress

The ruins of the Aluston fortress, located in the center of Alushta, are one of the main attractions of the city.

Mangup-Kale is located 20 km south of Bakhchisarai.

In early medieval times, the so-called " cave cities", located in hard-to-reach places protected by nature itself in the Inner Ridge of the Crimean Mountains.

Grand Canyon of Crimea

The Grand Canyon of Crimea is a huge crack formed millions of years ago by the collision of two tectonic plates

Golitsyn's path. New World.

A unique natural monument is decorated with a masterpiece of architectural and construction art with observation decks and stone stairs allowing you to admire the unique landscape of the sea, bay and mountains.

Bear Mountain

Bear Mountain (Ayu-Dag), which is located on the border Big Yalta and Big Alushta on the coast of Crimea from the south. Its height above sea level reaches 577 meters, the mountain range cuts into the sea in the northwest at a distance of 2-2.5 km, and has an elongated shape. The total area is approximately 4 km2. Since 1947, Ayu-Dag has been declared a natural monument and began to include Bear Mountain in its complex.

Wolf Grotto

Wolf Grotto is one of the natural attractions of Crimea...

Karadag

It is simply impossible to explain to anyone what Karadag is like...It is simply impossible to explain to anyone what Karadag is like. This is approximately the same as telling what fire is to a person who has never seen it. Karadag can be felt, understood and dissolved in it only by seeing it with your own eyes. These mountains amaze with their grandeur, sometimes unimaginable outlines, and overwhelm with an abundance of secrets. You fall in love with Karadag at first sight and forever. Everything here is expressive, harsh, wild and chaotic. Multi-hundred-meter cliffs hang sternly over the azure coves, the walls of gloomy, crack-like gorges are directed in giant steps towards the sky.

Mountain-Cat

Cat Mountain is one of the most picturesque monuments of the Crimean Peninsula, extended to the very shore of the Black Sea. Why a cat? Looking closely at the outlines of this mountain, you will be able to see a cat’s head, as it were, fallen to the shore, and looking higher up the slope – its curved back, and then its tail. Near the cat mountain there are other bizarre stone deposits scattered - the Diva who stepped into the sea, the Swan Wing, Panea, the Monk destroyed during a storm.

Mount Ai-Petri

Mount Ai-Petri (from the Greek Saint Peter) is one of the symbols of Crimea. Its height is 1234 meters. The mountain, with its silhouette, completes the most beautiful line of the amphitheater from the famous white battlements to Cape Ai-Todor with the Swallow's Nest located there.

Sights of the mountainous Crimea.

Crimean mountains divide the entire peninsula into two parts, they stretch across the entire southern part of Eurasia. The southern part of Crimea belongs to the subtropical climate zone, the northern part – to the temperate climate zone.

Balaclava

The small town of Balaklava contains a large number of legends and secrets. If you translate this Turkish word into Russian, it will sound like “Fish Nest”. The balaclava can be called the eighth wonder of the world. It is impossible to convey in words the beauty of this nature. Hidden from human eyes in the rocky hills is a calm harbor that contains monuments produced by Mother Nature herself. Sharp capes Aya and Fiolent, which are covered with a blanket of Pitsunda pine, various small-fruited plants and even beauty sea world. Balaklava beaches are the most romantic and quiet places, which are especially suitable for those who prefer relaxing holiday. Its coastline is made of golden sand or covered with small pebbles. If we look into the water, then without any problems we can follow the life of the underwater world.

Bakhchisaray

Bakhchisaray is located 32 km from the city of Simferopol. He found his place in the valley of the Churuksu River. The city of Bakhchisarai is perhaps the most interesting area throughout Crimea. It is famous for its exotic nature, climate, historical monuments, rare flora and mountains. Mountain valleys will provide great interest to tourists. They are not difficult to overcome, but they are intriguing in their picturesque view, transparent springs and mountain villages. At the very top you can see restaurants where oriental cuisine predominates. Nowadays tourism has become fashionable, which is dedicated to the history of religion, the construction of Christian cathedrals and the restoration of Muslim mosques.

Sights of Bakhchisarai

Many tourists are attracted to Bakhchisarai by its wealth of cultural and historical monuments. The most popular attractions of this city are: the fortified city of Chufut-Kale, the medieval Assumption Monastery, a unique architectural monument - the Khan's palace, the creation of which dates back to the 16-18th century. The Khan's palace was originally located in the Atlama-Dere valley. After some time, they decided to move the ruler’s residence to the bank of the Churuk-Su River, since the valley became a tate for the khan’s court, servants and troops. Khan Adil-Sahib-Girey was the first to mention Bakhchisarai as the place of residence of the ruler. In those days, the construction of a new palace began, which was completed in 1551.

Sevastopol seawater aquarium-museum

In the very center of the Crimean capital there is a building in which the Institute of Biology has existed for many years south seas named after A. O. Kovalevsky. For many years now, the Sevastopol Aquarium Museum has been welcoming you on the ground floor of this establishment. It should be noted that it is the only marine aquarium in all of Ukraine, as well as one of the oldest aquariums in the world. The first visitors crossed the threshold of the museum back in 1897, after in 1871, at the direction of the famous Russian traveler Miklouho-Maclay, a building was built on the Artillery pier. Thus, residents and guests of the city were able to get acquainted with many marine animals. Of course, since then the building has been expanded and reconstructed more than once. The Sevastopol Aquarium-Museum of the Kovalevsky Institute of Southern Seas Biology is the largest aquarium on the Crimean Peninsula and throughout Ukraine. The diameter of the largest pool here is more than 9 meters. Its depth is 1.5 meters, and the height of the walls is 1.1 m.

Cape Karadag

Between the mouth of the Otuz Valley in the southwest and the Koktebel Valley in the northeast, Cape Karadag is located on a promontory of the coastline. Its total area exceeds 2.8 thousand hectares. This cape was formed 150-160 million years ago due to volcanic eruption. Now it is a fragment of a huge volcanic massif in coastal waters. The modern Karadag landscape is the result of a medieval volcano, mountain-building processes during the Pliocene and rock weathering processes.

Red Cave

The first discoveries by scientists in the Red Cave of the Crimean Peninsula were made back in 1914. More precisely, they were made by the outstanding Crimean local historian, an expert on Crimean antiquities from Simferopol S.I. Zybin. It was this man who carried out excavations in front of the entrance to the Lower Cave. So, in the top layer of soil, on small area In front of the entrance to the cave, remains of various household items were discovered, as well as hearths, later dated to the 3rd - 5th centuries AD. In the same place, a carefully polished hammer with a round hole intended for a handle was discovered. This hammer was made of diorite.

Crimean mountains

The Crimean Mountains stretch for 180 kilometers from Feodosia to Sevastopol. South coast Crimea, which is very popular, stretches in the west from Cape Aya to Kara-Dag in the east along the Main Ridge. Despite the fact that high peak is Roman-Kosh (about 1500 meters), these mountains are very picturesque. The mountains of the Main Range are Babugan, Chatyr-Dag and Demerdzhi. The peculiarity of this ridge is that instead of pointed peaks it has wavy plateaus, which in Crimea are called yayla, which means “summer pasture”.

Mount Cat

One of the most beautiful landscape monuments of Crimea is Mount Koshka, which is located on the very shore of the Black Sea. Above sea level, the height of the massif reaches 255 meters. This mountain is a very interesting historical and archaeological monument of ancient and medieval times. Here archaeologists discovered several burials and ruins of fortifications. The burial ground in the form of stone boxes is the largest in Crimea and dates back to the 6th-2nd centuries BC. The mountain received this name due to its shape: if you look closely, you can recognize a “cat’s head” near the shore, then a 260-meter curved “back” and its “tail.” Near this mountain there are other limestone rocks interesting in their shape: Swan Wing, Diva Who Stepped into the Sea, Panea, Ruined Monk. Some of them influenced the emergence of legends and mythical tales.

Karabi-Yayla

The most extensive Crimean yayla is Karabi-Yayla, the area of which reaches up to 120 sq. km. Karabi-Yayla is located on the territory of the Main Range of the Crimean Mountains. It is separated from adjacent massifs from the west by the valleys of the Burulcha and Suat rivers, and from the east by Biyuk-Karasu and Tanasu. Above sea level, the height of the plateau is on average about 1,000 meters. Karabi-Yayla consists of two parts: the lower Karabi-Yayla and the upper, which is called Kara-Tau. The slopes of the Kara-Tau ridge are covered with beech forest, as well as artificial plantations of Scots and Crimean pine. The eastern and central parts of Karabi are characterized by a lack of forest plantations.

Grand Canyon of Crimea

The Grand Canyon of Crimea is one of the most beautiful natural wonders of the peninsula. Nature created this place - mountain gorge, crashing into the Ai-Petri mountain range at more than 3000 meters. The beauty of the canyon is harsh and varied; it amazes with the uniqueness and unusualness of its landscape. From the entrance to the Crimean Canyon, which begins at the Kokkoz Valley, you can observe beautiful panorama just a giant gorge. Stone cliffs hang menacingly overhead, and tall cliffs strictly watch you to the left and right. The further you move along the gorge, the steeper and higher the mountain slopes will become, the closer they will move to each other, leaving less and less space for you to pass. The narrowest parts of the canyon do not exceed three, maximum five meters in width.

Cape Aya

The Crimean Peninsula amazingly combines different climatic zones. It's like they different worlds, so different and dissimilar from each other. Traveling through the steppe Crimea, one gets one impression of the peninsula, but as soon as you cross the Baydar Pass, you find yourself in a completely different world - seas and mountains. Here the sea is limitless, the rocks in some places have simply fantastic shapes, and the number of evergreen plants is simply impossible to count. Local landscapes cause great delight - trees, sky, sea, mountains, grass and flowers. Going, for example, to Cape Aya, you never cease to be amazed at how talented an artist and sculptor nature is. Literally translated from Greek, “aya” means holy. The beauty of the corners of this cape was described by Herodotus himself. Once here, you get the impression that you are not on a peninsula long inhabited by people, but somewhere in another world, lost from human civilization.

Chatyrdag - mighty khan of Yayla

The Crimean mountains are majestic and unique in their diversity. They stretch in three parallel ridges for 180 kilometers from Feodosia to Sevastopol. The Crimean mountains have a number of distinctive features that give them a unique look. One of these features is a mountain range called Chatyrdag. Chatyrdag is one of the most famous and visited attractions of the Crimean peninsula. Chatyrdag is an unusual and special mountain with a trapezoidal silhouette. In the past, the image of Chatyrdag adorned the coat of arms of Simferopol. The appearance of Chatyrdag is never the same. Appearance The mountains change not only depending on the season of the year, but also every hour.

Tarkhankut Peninsula

The Tarkhankut Peninsula is located in the north-west of the Crimean Peninsula. It is famous throughout Ukraine for the beauty of its landscapes. Cape Tarkhankut, located on the peninsula, is the westernmost point of Crimea. The average annual temperature on Tarkhankut is eleven degrees Celsius. average temperature in the winter months it is about 0, and in the summer months it is about 20 degrees. Tarkhankut has a unique climate. The peninsula miraculously combines steppe climate with sea climate, creating the largest number of sunny days of the year. These places attract tourists with abundance sandy beaches, warm sea water, the breath of history...

Mount Ak-Kaya

Ak-Kaya is not only a geological landmark of Crimea, but also one of the most beautiful and interesting natural monuments of Ukraine. It is located between Feodosia and Simferopol. When leaving Simferopol, you can see the undulating plain of Mount Ak-Kaya, then the road runs between the Main and Inner ridges. To the right of Ak-Kai you can see the plowed slope of the Inner Ridge, as well as the wooded spurs of the Main Ridge. This mountainous area consists of fairly durable Paleogene limestones. At the eleventh kilometer of the Feodosia highway there is a branch leading to the village of Mazanka. This village is located in the valley of the Beshterek River. On the right slope of the valley, a dark grotto hid from prying eyes - the Wolf Grotto - one of the most famous archaeological monuments in Ukraine.

Kerch Peninsula

Its territory occupies eastern region Crimea, stretching 80-90 km from the Akmonai Isthmus to Kerch Strait. In the middle of the peninsula rises the Parpachsky ridge with a height of 100-185 m. In the south-eastern, northern and north-eastern directions stretch low ridges and ridges composed of Neogene limestones, which, when destroyed, appear in the form of basins and depressions surrounded by ring-shaped ridges of Maeotic bryozoan limestone. One of the remnants of bryozoan limestone atolls is Cape Kazantip, rising above the level Sea of Azov more than 100 m. Some relief forms are formed as a result of the activity of mud volcanoes, which have craters filled with mud up to 15-20 m in diameter, occasionally throwing out a powerful fountain of mud up to 10-20 m high from the crater.

Stone mushrooms

Another extraordinary natural monument is the valley of the Sotera River at its confluence with the Biyuk-Dere gully.

Waterfalls

Diana's Font – beautiful waterfall in the Temiar gorge. According to legend, the ancient goddess of the forests, Diana the Huntress, bathed in this font.

The Chatyr-Dag mountain range is a natural wonder of Crimea

The Chatyr-Dag mountain range, which is translated from Turkic as tent-mountain, is one of the interesting and amazing places Crimea

Crimea has significant tourism resources. The most visited complex geological natural monuments of the Piedmont Crimea are especially popular among tourists. Some of them are unique natural phenomena with original morphology and geological and lithological features and are of significant interest for the development of scientific and educational tourism. There are a variety of geological landscapes and aesthetic natural objects for sports and educational tourism.

Crimea is called a geological open-air museum. Its nature abounds in geological objects in a unique and inimitable combination of chronostratigraphic, mineralogical-petrographic, tectonic, geomorphological, paleontological and paleogeographic objects. In the directory “Geological Monuments of Ukraine”, out of 716 names of monuments located on the territory of Ukraine, Crimea accounts for 126, i.e. 17.5%. In Crimea, the scientific and educational significance of geological natural monuments especially increases due to their general accessibility and visibility. The uniqueness of these objects and the saturation of the territory of the peninsula with them makes Crimea an unsurpassed region in its importance for the activities of scientists. It was in Crimea that such scientists as Fersman, Andrusov, Obruchev, Shcherbakov, Golovkinsky and others conducted their research and reached the pinnacle of science.

Thousands of students of geological, geographical and biological specialties come to Crimea every year for field internships. In this regard, the load on nature increases significantly, and even now it is almost difficult to come across a rock outcrop that has not been treated with the diligence of a geologist. Without special clearings and excavations, fossils will no longer be found.

Geological monuments are individual point natural objects, which are fragments of the earth's crust, in which valuable geological and geomorphological information of past eras is recorded or the dynamics of modern geological and geomorphological processes are clearly expressed. The concept of a “point natural object” emphasizes the limited size of a natural landmark identified as a geological monument. The area of the geomonument is usually 2 hectares.

The ever-increasing process of economic activity has a negative impact on the natural environment of the peninsula, placing flora and fauna and landscapes in unfavorable conditions. In this regard, environmental protection activities have intensified, environmental protection measures are being introduced, ecological trails, protected areas, sanctuaries, natural monuments, etc. are being created. an environmental regime is also established for the geological environment, as an integral part of the natural system.

At different times, attempts have been made repeatedly to identify landscape monuments, determine their scientific and environmental status, and classify them on the basis of their systematic subordination, genesis and scientific significance. Their common feature is that they are the result of a complex, extremely long-term evolution of the earth’s crust and the processes occurring in it on a geological time scale. The loss of geological information is a non-renewable loss that has disappeared forever from human memory.

The construction of a scientific system of geological monuments should be based on taking into account a number of criteria, the main ones being material composition and genesis.

We propose the following classification of geological monuments of the Piedmont Crimea as objects for scientific and educational tourism:

1. Geological-stratigraphic monuments are based on stratigraphic data, determined by the sequence of occurrence of layers in a vertical section, as well as facies and formational relationships. The basic unit is the stratotype of a stage, substage, formation, subformation, layers with fauna. These should include outcrops and their elements, parts of sections, and the position of stratigraphic boundaries. Previously proposed as independent chronological monuments, apparently, have no basis to be accepted, since they do not have a material basis and are derived on the basis of stratigraphic and paleontological data.

2. Geomorphological monuments combine all the diversity of relief forms that arose as a result of the complex interaction of endogenous and exogenous processes. The main criteria are morphological and genetic. The set of signs is very diverse. This may include:

Erosion forms - characteristic areas of river valleys, canyons, gorges, gorges;
- Structural-denudation forms - individual rocks, witness mountains, sphinxes, weathering idols, individual morphologically distinctive peaks, distinguished by original outlines;
- Karst forms - caves, mines, wells, failures;
- Abrasion forms - coastal cliffs, characteristic capes protruding into the sea, picturesque coastal cliffs, bays;
- Gravitational landforms - sliding rocks, outlier mountains, landslides, stone chaos, landslides, screes.

3. Geological-tectonic monuments, genetically related to geodynamic processes in the earth’s crust, expressed by plicative (folded) and disjunctive (discontinuous) forms of tectogenesis. They can be represented by individual folds or a system of folds that stand out in relief in outcrops on the slopes of mountain uplifts; fault, reverse fault, thrust and strike-slip structures. A distinctive feature is the displacement planes prepared by denudation with sliding mirrors located on them. The elements of paleogeodynamics are thrusts, tectonic nappes, mélanges, gravity-tectonic olistostromes, and chaotic complexes. Tectonic monuments include forms of volcanic tectogenesis - lava flows, sills, as well as forms associated with breaks in the earth's crust - dikes, stocks, laccoliths and other forms of effusion and intrusion volcanism.

4. Geological and paleogeographical monuments captured in forms and documents related to the interaction of lithospheric, hydrosphere, atmospheric and biosphere processes. Paleogeographical monuments are very specific and are associated with the characteristics of paleolandscapes or their components: paleorelief, paleoclimate, organic world of past geological eras. Paleogeographical features recorded in sections of the earth's crust appear in the form of lithological, paleontological, geochemical, paleogeomorphological and other documents. This should also include signs of the location of ancient coastal zones, paleobiological and paleoecological signs - fossil reef structures, signs of a rock bottom, signs associated with earthly catastrophes.

5. Mineralogical and petrographic monuments are determined by outcrops of characteristic rocks and the minerals and mineral associations contained in them that are of particular mineralogical and geochemical interest, signs of metallogeny and ore occurrence. Mineralogical and petrographic monuments are very diverse, and their identification should be based on taking into account their scientific, educational, scientific and practical significance. First of all, indicators such as rarity of occurrence, compositional features, usefulness for the national economy, and possibilities for industrial use should be taken into account.

6. Geological and paleontological monuments are associated with finds of remains of fossil organisms and should be based on taking into account the composition, degree of preservation, and paleontological significance: these are rare and poorly studied forms, exotic forms that characterize the biota of the geological past. This should include finds of bone remains of ancient fossil mammals, terrestrial and aquatic organisms, which are of particular value for chronostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleogeography. Paleontological finds accurately recorded in geological sections. They are of exceptional value for solving geological problems, as well as reconstructing the features of the paleobiosphere of the geological past.

The criteria underlying the identification of various types of geological monuments should be a reflection of the existing this moment the level of general and special geological knowledge, which in most cases is relative in nature.

Taking into account the listed features, which are to a certain extent systematic, will help improve the quality of identifying geological monuments and determining their environmental regime.

The identification of geological monuments and the need to study them pursues the goal of a deep knowledge of their essence, condition, development, necessary for rational environmental management, recreational development, as well as the application of effective methods of their protection. Currently, many geological monuments are poorly protected. They are destroyed and destroyed due to erosion, landslides, karst and other natural phenomena, as well as as a result of negative anthropogenic impacts.

The combination of legislative and social legal norms, environmental and humane-ethical prerequisites can be considered as a guarantee of the effectiveness of protection. The forms of protection of monuments can be varied depending on the circumstances and specific conditions: a board indicating the characteristics of the protected object (natural monument); information in the local press; stands or exhibitions of samples in the local history museum; conservation of the territory of the monument; widespread propaganda of the scientific and aesthetic significance of monuments in radio and television program materials, in popular local history publications accessible to the general population.

The diversity of geological monuments, identified on the basis of material-genetic criteria, requires various forms of protection of the available factual material. In this case, it is advisable to record everything related to the characteristics of the monument in the form of a special cadastre, i.e. the entire set of information related to this object. In addition to the usual requirements in this case: name, location, specificity, degree of natural preservation, etc., points regarding the scientific value of the protected object and a link to literary sources regarding the justification for the designation of the monument must be included.

In a number of cases, it has become traditional to store the material contents of monuments in local history and geological museums. This applies primarily to such monuments as paleontological and mineralogical-petrographic. Here they are subject to museum storage regime.

Recently, the amount of materials relating to the geological monuments of Crimea has increased significantly. This was facilitated by the conduct of special research work, the implementation of educational and field practices with students of the Faculty of Geography of the Tauride national university, the arrival of new geological information in numerous publications, etc.

Sources and literature

1. Geological monuments of Ukraine: Directory guide / Korotenko N.E., Shchiritsa A.S., Kanevsky A.Ya. and others - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1985. - 156 p.
2. Vasily Yena, Alexander Yena, Andrey Yena. Protected landscapes of Taurida. - Simferopol: Business - Inform, 2004. - 424 p.
3. Ena V.G., Kuznetsov A.G., Lysenko N.I. Features of the development of the PTC of the mountainous Crimea in the Pleistocene and their influence on natural and technical systems / Physical geography and geomorphology. - Vol. 33. - K.: Vishcha School, 1986. - P.98-103.
4. Kuznetsov A.G., Dzhun V.S. Classification of geological monuments of Crimea and their protection / Natural complexes of Crimea, their optimization and protection. - Simferopol: SSU, 1985. - P.8-12.
5. Kuznetsov A.G., V.P. Problems of protection of geological and mineralogical objects of Crimea / Ecological and environmental aspects of the study of the Crimean Mountains. - Simferopol: SSU, 1985. - P.9-12.