Types of religious monuments in Crimea. Architectural monuments of Crimea. Historical monuments of Crimea
Representatives of the royal family Russian Empire, were able to appreciate the beauty and healing nature of Crimea. The southern coast of the peninsula, characterized by an excellent climate, was chosen as the location for their summer residences. picturesque nature and the proximity of the sea. Such residences are the Massandra Palace and the Livadia Palace. The famous Yalta architect Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov was entrusted with developing the design of the royal palace in Livadia. He was also assigned to lead [...]
Near West Coast On the Crimean peninsula, not far from the Evpatoria-Saki highway, near the village of Pribrezhnoye, on the Kara-Tobe hill, archaeological excavations are underway at the site of an ancient Greco-Scythian settlement. The name Kara-Tobe translated from the Turkic language is Black Hill (“kara” means black, “tobe” means hill, peak), and it was given to this settlement. In it in the 4th century. before [...]
Resort village Alupka is located on the southern coast of Crimea, a few kilometers from Yalta. Tourists are attracted here by the famous palace of Count Vorontsov and the picturesque park laid out around it. In the center of the village rises the Church of St. Archangel Michael with a very interesting story. Need in christian church originated in Alupka in late XIX century, after the village expanded and [...]
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The Crimean Peninsula can rightfully be called a unique place. Besides beautiful beaches and seas, Crimea is rich in its cultural heritage. By visiting the peninsula, you will be able to fully enjoy the monuments of architecture, nature, culture and history of Crimea. Architectural monuments of Crimea represent magnificent palaces and temples. Architecture lovers will be delighted by visiting places such as Vorontsov Palace in Alupka, Livandia Palace, where the famous Yalta Conference took place, bird home, which is one of the symbols of the peninsula and the Bakhchisarai Khan's Palace, which today is the only example of architectural excellence Crimean Tatars. Not all palaces are open to visitors every day, for example, the Livadia Palace is closed on days when international summits and conferences are held there, but the Bakhchisarai Palace is open to visitors every day. Inside the palace you will find many cozy courtyards and the famous “Fountain of Tears.”
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Geographically and politically, the peninsula has always been of great importance. Crimea was the center of many peoples, the source of the development of different cultures - Greeks, Karaites, Genoese, Crimean Tatars, Russians. Behind centuries-old history Numerous architectural monuments remain in the region. All architectural heritage remaining from past eras can be divided into three main groups of objects: military (fortresses and forts); religious (churches, mosques and synagogues); secular (palaces and museums).
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The object-architectural space in which the child lives plays an important role in the development of his value attitude towards native land, to his culture and historical heritage, in instilling patriotism and pride in one’s Motherland, respect for the artistic creativity of masters. We live on a fertile, truly beautiful peninsula, which is a treasure trove of architectural monuments, has its own unique face, its own character, and a special destiny. Crimea is famous for its unique historical and cultural monuments - the creations of architects V.I. Sherwood, N. E. Bouchard, N. P. Krasnov and others. We need to use the rich potential that has been given to us, the Crimeans.
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The Lutheran Church is geographically located in the village of Uyutnoye, but since today it has practically merged with the city of Sudak, we can safely classify the church as a Sudak landmark. On the monument of German history and culture hangs a memorial plaque with an inscription stating that the real church building from 1887 to the 30s of the 20th century. was located on the territory of the former German colony Sudak-fortress.
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Genoese fortress in Feodosia - medieval fortifications built by the Genoese Republic in the 14th century. for the defense of their largest possession in Crimea - Kafa. Located on the shore of the Feodosia Bay in the southern part of the city. The remains of the Genoese fortress are a historical and architectural reserve.
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Bakhchisarai Khan's Palace is located in the center of the Old City in the valley of the Churuk-Su river. The founder of the dynasty, Hadji Giray (Gerai), in the mid-15th century moved the capital from the city of Crimea (Old Crimea) to Kyrk-Er (Chufut-Kale), seeking independence from the Golden Horde. The construction of the capital was started by his son Mengli Gir-ey 1 (1467-1515). He conceived the palace as the earthly embodiment of the Gardens of Eden - hence the lightness of the buildings and their harmony with the trees and flowers. Khan Kyrym Geray (1717-1769), an admirer and connoisseur of everything French, founded a unique style of “Crimean Rococo”. Having studied the architecture of the palace, Russian architects of the 19th and 20th centuries. developed this style and used it in the construction of villas and hotels, as well as mosques and public buildings throughout Crimea. But the palace and its “Fountain of Tears” became world famous only thanks to A. Pushkin, who visited Crimea in 1820. Legends about the fountain formed the basis of Lesya Ukrainka’s poems. Now it is a Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. The archaeological exhibition introduces evidence of life in ancient eras, since the glaciation of Europe. The ethnographic collection is dedicated to the culture, life, crafts and folk art of the Crimean Tatars.
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Chufut-Kale Cave City Located 3.5 km southeast of the city of Bakhchisaray. Since the 6th century. The construction of military and utility caves, temples and prisons began in the rocky cliffs. From afar, hired structures stand out: fortress walls and gates, kenas - religious buildings of the later owners of the city, the Karaites. On the approach to the Small City Gate, a siege well with hundreds of meters was recently discovered underground passages. Excavations and sensational finds (including a treasure trove of gold and silver Roman coins) continue every summer season! It is unknown which people founded this fortress and what it was called. It went down in history as Kyrk-Or (Forty fortifications, Turkic). The mausoleum of Dzhanyke-Khanum, daughter of the Khan of the Golden Horde Tokhtamysh, has been preserved. The founder of the Crimean Khanate, Hadji Giray, strengthened his position here and populated the city with Karaites. They call the city, which became their main center until the 19th century, Juft-Kale - Double Fortress, and the Tatars - Chufut-Kale (Jewish Fortress). In the former house of A. Firkovich, the great kagan and educator of this distinctive people, there is a small exhibition where you can try the dishes national cuisine. Behind the southern walls of the fortress, among the sacred oak grove, there is an ancient Karaite cemetery. Among the fortress walls and towers and in the caves carved into the cliffs, films are constantly being shot; in 2001, a group from Hollywood worked here on the fencing scenes of the fantasy “Barbarian”.
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Architectural monuments and religion Over hundreds of years, power has changed in Crimea, and faith has changed. And today the peninsula is home to more than 130 nationalities professing a variety of religions, among which Christianity, Islam, and Judaism stand out. Objects of a religious nature for which Crimea is famous include churches, mosques, and synagogues that have a glorious history. Some of them date back hundreds of years. Of some, only ruins remain; other architectural monuments exist to this day. Many of them are associated with legends and ancient traditions. The main places of communication with God and worship of him in Crimea: Vladimir Cathedral in Chersonesos; Yalta Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky; Holy Dormition Monastery; Juma-Jami; Kebir-Jami.
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Juma - Jami The Friday mosque, Juma-Jami (on Friday, according to legend, the prophet Mohammed was born) was founded in Gezlev a year after the coronation of Devlet - Girey I - in 1552. Construction took a long time, more than 10 years, and was completed in 1564 The vaults of the new temple announced the right to the Crimean Khanate received in Istanbul. The composition of the Khan's mosque is built on the principle of increasing volumes, with a silhouette reminiscent of Istanbul's Hagia Sophia. The logic of its Byzantine in its expressive monumental designs is clearly visible in the external appearance of the temple. Juma-Jami is located in the eastern part of the modern Evpatoria embankment. Rising above the adjacent buildings, it is clearly visible from the sea and the shore through the greenery of the Karaevsky Garden and together with the nearby Orthodox church St. Nicholas defines the face of the embankment, shapes the appearance of the sea panorama of the old part of Evpatoria.
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But it’s not only temples and fortresses that attract tourists to the peninsula. The main influx of visitors is provided by the palaces of Crimea. The architecture of Crimea is famous for the following examples of architecture.
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Vorontsov Palace
Historical heritage of Crimea
The Crimean Peninsula is located in the very south of Ukraine. An interesting fact is that over the centuries, many cultures and peoples have changed here, leaving behind unique historical and architectural monuments of Crimea.
There are many attractions on the Crimean peninsula. Some of them are associated with specific historical events, while others have important architectural significance. Let's look at the most interesting and significant places that are definitely worth visiting.
Sevastopol is a city with a rich historical past, so there are a lot of historical monuments here. The most ancient of them is Tauric Chersonesos. This archaeological reserve, which has existed for 2000 years, was at one time the largest city-state of the Greek colony of the Northern Black Sea region. This is evidenced by numerous ruins and ancient finds: columns, arches, walls of houses and temples, sections of defensive walls, the famous fog bell, clay jugs, household items, burial remains and much more. It was here that in 988 Prince Vladimir baptized Rus'. Artists from Sevastopol still perform performances on the ruins of the Chersonesos ancient theater. Archaeologists from all over the world are still excavating this ancient city.
“The calling card of the city” is the name given to the monument to the Sunken Ships, which rises in the sea near the shore in the center of Sevastopol. The monument has the form of a column with a bronze double-headed eagle on top, erected in memory of the ships sunk during the first defense of the city in 1854 to block the entrance to the bay for Anglo-French ships.
Another historical monument of the military events of Crimea is Sapun Mountain and Malakhov Kurgan. Sapun Mountain is located on the outskirts of Sevastopol and rises above the Balaklava Valley. Here you can see the Soviet military equipment from the war (tanks, guns, torpedo boat, etc.), a memorial wall with the names of heroes, an obelisk of Glory, the Eternal Flame. You should definitely go to the museum diorama “Storm of Sapun Mountain 1944” and climb in the trenches, dugouts and pillboxes. Malakhov Kurgan, located at the other end of the city, was the main defensive structure during Crimean War, where Kornilov, Nakhimov, Istomin and other outstanding admirals fought. IN 
This place contains many monuments, a museum and a memorial. The events of the assault on Malakhov Kurgan are reflected on the canvas of a huge panoramic painting by artist F.A. Roubaud at the Panorama of the Defense of Sevastopol museum, located in the city center on Istoricheskiy Boulevard. It is also worth visiting the Count's Marina, built by Catherine II, the Cathedrals of the Holy Apostles, Peter and Paul and other attractions of the city.
Crimean architectural values
Many popular historical monuments of Crimea are located on the southern coast of the peninsula. The most interesting to visit are the palace museums. The Vorontsov Palace in Alupka is a majestic building in the knightly style, all the rooms and buildings of which are unique and make an incredible impression. The Livadia White Palace, located in the village of Livadia in the Yalta region, served as the summer residence of the Russian emperors and was built in the Renaissance style. It became famous throughout the world after the Crimean Conference of the Heads of State of the USA, USSR and Great Britain was held there in 1945. You can get here along the south coast highway from Sevastopol or Yalta.
The Massandra Palace of Tsar Alexander III, located in the village of Massandra, along the Yalta-Alushta highway, resembles fairytale palace sleeping beauty IN Soviet times was the state dacha of party leaders and was closed to visitors. Now it offers excursions. Here you can see items of royal life preserved in their original form: mahogany furniture, a marble fireplace, chandeliers, mirrors, etc.
Unique architectural masterpiece“Swallow’s Nest”, located on the steep cliff of Cape Ai-Todor 40 meters above the sea, became the emblem of Crimea. It is located in the village of Gaspra, Yalta region. This palace was built in 1912, is made in the Gothic style and resembles the castle of a medieval knight. It offers a magnificent view of South coast Crimea. In the village of Gurzuf, very close to Yalta, there is the house-museum of A.P. Chekhov, where he lived since 1898. Here “Three Sisters”, “The Cherry Orchard” and much more came from the pen. Architectural monuments of the Middle Ages that have survived to this day are Genoese fortresses in Sudak, Feodosia, Balaklava.
Unusual historical monuments in the center of Crimea are associated with the culture of the Crimean Tatars. The most important of them is the Bakhchisaray Khan's Palace, located in the city of Bakhchisaray (you can get there by the Sevastopol-Simferopol highway), which was the former residence of the Crimean khans. This ancient monument has global significance. The walls of the palace inside and out are covered with amazing ornaments in the oriental Byzantine style. It is here that the famous “Fountain of Tears” is located, described by Pushkin in his poem.
In fact, historical and cultural monuments on the peninsula a large number of. It is simply impossible to list them completely. Therefore, it would be better to come to Crimea and see everything in person.
Man lived in Crimea tens of thousands of years before our time. In the caves and grottoes of the mountainous part of the Crimean peninsula, archaeologists have found about 100 sites of people from the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic). They contained tools of primitive man, bones of animals he hunted, and in the Kiik-Koba cave the bones of man himself were found. There are also human sites of the Middle and New Stone Ages (Mesolithic and Neolithic) and settlements of the Bronze Age. The first historically known peoples who inhabited Crimea BC were the Tauri and Scythians. It was after the Taurians that the Crimean Peninsula was named Taurida. On the southern coast of Crimea, in the mountains, you can find Taurus burial grounds in the form of stone boxes, and on the passes - the remains of Taurus fortifications. In the steppe Crimea lived the Scythians, who also inhabited the Northern Black Sea region and the Dnieper region. For several centuries (from the 2nd century BC to the 3rd-4th centuries AD), the capital of the Scythian state was Scythian Naples (Novgorod), which was located near present-day Simferopol. From the 6th century BC. e. Greeks began to settle on the coast of Crimea and founded colonies here: Panticapaeum (Kerch), Feodosia, Chersonesos near Sevastopol and others. Their population was mixed - Greek and local. Panticapaeum became the capital of the Bosporus state, which existed for about a thousand years. In the 1st century BC. e. In the Bosporus there was a large uprising of slaves and Scythian farmers, led by the slave Savmak. This was the first popular uprising known in history on the territory of our Motherland. In the III-IV centuries. n. e. Eastern Slavs formed in Crimea. Traces of the presence of the Slavs were found in Kerch, in a number of places South Bank and southeastern Crimea. Economic, political, and cultural ties with Russia were of exceptional importance for Crimea. They were especially wide and lively in the 10th-12th centuries, when Korchev (Kerch) was part of the Russian Tmutarakan principality. In the Middle Ages the population mountain Crimea during frequent raids, nomads left the valleys under the protection of fortifications built on high, inaccessible mountains of the second ridge. Residents carved out caves in the cliffs, in which they built living and utility rooms and kept domestic animals. This is how they arose cave cities Mangup-Kale, Tepe-Kerman, Fulla (Chufut-Kale), Bakla and others, the remains of which have survived to this day. The ruins of Genoese fortifications on the coast date back to the late Middle Ages - in Balaklava, Gurzuf, Alushta, Sudak, Feodosia. A historical and architectural monument is the Bakhchisaray Khan's Palace with the “Fountain of Tears”, glorified by A. S. Pushkin. Many historical places monuments speak about the struggle of the Russian and Ukrainian peoples against the Crimean Khanate and Turkey in the 16th-18th centuries, about the victories of Russian troops over the Turks and Tatars, about the activities of the great Russian commanders A.V. Suvorov and M.I. Kutuzov. Numerous monuments document the 349-day defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. from the combined forces of England, France and Turkey. A number of places recall the events of the revolution of 1905-1907. Glorious pages are associated with Crimea civil war, the struggle of the Soviet people against the White Guards and imperialist interventionists. The monument on Perekop testifies to the heroism of the Red Army, which defeated the Wrangelites under the leadership of M. V. Frunze in November 1920. From Perekop to Sevastopol, from Kerch to Yevpatoria, in cities and villages, on former battlefields, there are monuments that immortalize the events of the Great Patriotic War, the defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942, the liberation of Crimea from fascist invaders in 1944, the exploits of Soviet soldiers and partisans in the struggle for the honor, freedom and independence of the Motherland.
Lenin Embankment is the central walking street of Yalta, one of the oldest streets in the city. The promenade is lined with palm trees and filled with a continuous series of attractions, bars, cafes and 
The Armenian Church in Yalta vaguely resembles ancient temple Hripsime (VII-XII centuries) in Etchmiadzin. The building was built in 1909–1014 by the architect G. Ter-Mikelov according to the sketches of the famous artist 
At the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, Yalta was a kind of “summer resort capital,” and the founders of the Yalta Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, solemnly consecrated on December 1, 1902, rightly 
Located on the banks of the stormy mountain river Uchan-Su in Yalta, the church is an elongated structure. Particular care is taken in laying the walls and carving the profiles. Building 
The Palace of the Emir of Bukhara Noble is perhaps one of the most original and famous buildings in Yalta. Currently this is the building of the Yalta sanatorium. Until 1917, it belonged to the Emir of Bukhara 
A.P. Chekhov moved to Yalta permanent residence on the advice of doctors in 1898. A year later, in the village of Verkhnyaya Outka, on the outskirts of the city, he built a house and planted trees around it. At the Belaya Dacha, as 
The famous Alupka (Vorontsov) palace is the main historical monument that created the popularity and glory of the city of Alupka. The summer residence of Governor General Vorontsov was not only 
The Swallow's Nest castle stands on the steep Aurora rock of Cape Ai-Todor. The building resembles a medieval knight's castle.