Where is Bavaria located on the map. Bavarian Ticket - Unlimited travel throughout Bavaria and beyond. So, what types of transport are covered by the Bavarian ticket?
What is a Bavarian ticket, how much does it cost in 2017, where is it valid and where to buy it?
Bavaria is not only one of the most economically developed and rich in attractions, but also the largest federal state in Germany by area. To give travelers the opportunity to embrace the immensity, Deutsche Bahn offers passengers a Bavarian ticket with the right to unlimited use of Bavarian transport for a certain time.
Starting at the northern spurs of the Alps, this region stretches right up to the outskirts of Frankfurt am Main. And from the point of view of tourist attractiveness, this land surpasses many European countries. Munich, Nuremberg, the Alps, the Danube, thousands of mountain lakes, the Romantic Road, Regensburg, Würzburg, Neuschweistain Castle - all this is Bavaria! And the Bavarian ticket is a great opportunity to save money and at the same time travel in comfort for those who want to see everything to the maximum!
Transport in Germany is not only very convenient, but also very affordable. It's no secret that in every federal state Deutsche Bahn gives you the opportunity to take advantage special offer– a land ticket, with which you can travel throughout the region without restrictions for the whole day.
Bavaria is no exception - Bayern-Ticket. It includes unlimited travel on local trains and all types of public transport for a group of people from 1 to 5 people.
That is, with such a ticket you can travel on any train between cities and on any city bus, tram and metro, including public transport in Munich.
On weekdays, the ticket is valid from 9 am to 3 am the next day, on weekends and holidays all day from 00:00, and expires at 03:00 the next day.
There is also a Bavarian night ticket ( Bayern Ticket Nacht), valid from 18:00 to 06:00 or 07:00 depending on the day of the week.
There is also "extended version Bavarian ticket - the so-called Bayern-Böhmen Ticket(Bavarian-Bohemian ticket). It offers the opportunity to travel to some cities in the Czech Republic, including the stunning Cesky Krumlov. You can also use it to travel to the famous balneological resort of Karlovy Vary and even to national park Czech Switzerland in the picturesque Elbe Valley.
The ticket is valid from 9 am to midnight on all types of transport as usual, as well as on trains of several categories of Czech Railways (ČD), with the exception of high-speed ones.
How much does a Bavarian ticket cost in 2017?
Note that traveling alone with such a ticket is not so profitable - it’s all about the formula for calculating its cost:
- in second class: for the first passenger 25 € and for each subsequent passenger 6 € (for example, a ticket for three will cost 37 euros);
- in first class: for the first passenger 37.5 € and for each subsequent one 18.5 € (for example, a ticket for four will cost 93 €).
As for the night ticket, for the first passenger the ticket price is 23€ in first class and 34.5€ in second class, while the second and subsequent passengers will cost 3€ (and 14.5€ in first class). Transport in many cities and between them runs almost around the clock, especially on weekends, which, you see, is very convenient.
Cost of the Bavarian-Bohemian ticket in 2017 year is slightly higher than the standard one - 26 € for the first passenger and 5.6 € for each subsequent one.
As for children, children under 5 years old can travel completely free throughout Germany. When purchasing a land ticket, one of the passengers (whose name appears first on the ticket or in whose name the ticket was purchased) has the right to bring with him all of his children and grandchildren aged 6 to 14 years at no additional cost.
If children of different parents are traveling with you, then during the check it is better to say that they are all yours in order to avoid unnecessary questions. Interestingly, dogs that require a separate ticket due to their size can also be included as passengers on a Bavarian ticket.
Validity area of the Bavarian ticket
Bavarian ticket (day and night)
In Germany
The Bayern Ticket allows you to visit the vast majority of must-see sites on the territory of this German land. Using a Bavarian ticket to, you can visit all the famous beer halls and palaces in the vicinity of the city, and in Nuremberg see with your own eyes the medieval Burg and remains of buildings from the Nazi period.
It is very convenient to travel by train from Munich to the main pearls of the Romantic Road - which you will never forget! And, of course, you can’t help but go to Old city Regensburg, included in the list of objects World Heritage UNESCO.
This is where you can fully enjoy the variety of wonderful natural landscapes. Choose any southern directions to be in Bavarian Alps. A If this doesn’t seem enough, then admire the Austrian ones directly from the territory of Tyrol.
City Lindau on the famous Lake Constance attracts with its serenity and comfort. They converge right on the surface of the water boundaries of three countries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
A real mecca of winter sports is Garmisch-Partenkirchen, A Allgäu famous not only for its beautiful green meadows and cows with bells, but also as the birthplace of biathlete Magdalena Neuner.
At the box office, a ticket will cost 2 € more than online or in vending machines.
If you want to buy a Bavarian ticket online, you must first select the type of ticket - day or night. Next, select the number of passengers, Day of Validity– the day on which this ticket will be valid. You can immediately buy several tickets for different dates using the button Additional Ticket.
Here we are asked to choose one of three - log into the site using your username and password (if you are already registered), register, or continue without registering. If you rarely travel to Germany, choose the friction option.
If you are not registered in the system, then you will only be able to buy a ticket for yourself and your company. If you want to buy a ticket for people you are not traveling with, you need to register.
We enter all the data, confirm the payment and receive a ticket by mail - the purchase is completed.
Do I need to write the names of other passengers on my Bavarian ticket?
If you buy a ticket online, you will receive a ticket that looks something like this by email. You do not need to enter the names of your fellow travelers, but the ticket inspector may ask you to do this in front of him so that you do not give the ticket to someone else. In case it’s better to have your passport ready to check the data
If you buy a ticket at the box office, then there are two options: the ticket will have lines for the names of fellow travelers, or there will only be . It all depends on the place of purchase.
If there are no lines for other passengers, don’t worry – it’s not an error! The inspectors are familiar with all types of tickets and will ask you to enter names if they need it.
There is no need to validate the ticket in advance; the ticket inspector does this himself when checking the tickets.
To avoid troubles, it is better to ask the driver or employees in advance when entering any type of transport whether it is possible to travel with a Bavarian ticket. Or at least just show your ticket - where it is valid, they will immediately confirm it for you.
It is especially important to check this when using cable cars and all kinds water transport. Although some intercity buses may have separate tickets. In general single ticket allows you to use the metro, trams, buses and trains throughout Bavaria!
Bavaria(German) Bayern) - a land in the south and southeast of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is the largest land area in the Federal Republic of Germany. Administrative division: seven administrative districts- Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia, Upper Palatinate, Lower Bavaria, Upper Bavaria, Swabia. The capital is the city of Munich. The population is based on four nationalities - Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians and Sudeten Germans.
Geography
Landscape
The main cities of Bavaria are Munich, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Würzburg and Regensburg. In the east, Bavaria includes part of the Franconian Forest, the Fichtel Mountains, parts of the Oberpfälzer Wald and Böhmerwald forests, the Alps in the south, the Swabian state of Stufenland in the west and the Spessart and Rhön in the north.
In Bavaria there are three parts of the great German landscapes: the German part of the northern Kalkalpen and the Alpine foothills with its attractive lakes, the "Schottische Ebene" with a land of lovely hills stretching to the river. Danube and German midlands with varied landscapes.
Danube in Bavaria
There are many rivers in Bavaria, most of which are connected to the Danube. In the north-west of Bavaria the Main River flows with its tributaries; the Saale River originates from the slopes of the Franconian Forest and Fichtelgebirge. The Rhine and Danube basins were united in 1992 by the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal.
The Danube is the second largest river in Europe after the Volga. The river bed is protected in places by dams to maintain navigation.
Bavaria is a land of lakes. About 1,600 lakes are concentrated mainly in the foothills of the Alps. The largest are Chiemsee, Ammersee, Lake Starnberg, Tegernsee, Königssee; the deepest is Walchensee (192 m).
In the Franconian Alb and in the south in the Bavarian Alps there are many small karst caves and vertical karst mines. The deepest mine is Geburtstagsschacht, depth 698 m. The largest cave in Bavaria is Salzgrabenhöhle, 7800 m.
Lake Constance. In the background - Switzerland
Border
The Bavarian border is a total of 2,705 km.
| Baden-Württemberg | 829 km |
| Hesse | 262 km |
| Thuringia | 381 km |
| Saxony | 41 km |
| Czech | 357 km |
| Austria | 816 km |
| Lake Constance | 19 km - The border between Bavaria and Switzerland runs along Lake Constance. |
History of Bavaria
Ancient history up to 1180
The earliest inhabitants of the ancient Bavarian lands were of Celtic origin, with an admixture of Etruscans in the south, namely: vindeliki on a flat hill to Inn, in the east - Tavriska, in the Alps - rets, and in the north the tribes boyev, whose main residence since 365 BC. e. was Bohemia.
To more successfully defend Gaul against barbarian invasions, Augustus ordered his generals, Drusus and Tiberius, to conquer these countries and set up two provinces from them: Raetia, with the main city of Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg), and Noricum. The border between them was the Inna Current. But already in the 3rd century, the tranquility of both provinces, which over time assumed a completely Roman character, began to be threatened by the movements of Germanic tribes. In the 5th century, they were temporarily occupied by the Heruli, Rugians and Skyrs, who were forced out of their homes on the Danube by the invasion of the Huns. The reigning anarchy led to the country falling under the rule of first the Ostrogoths, and then, between 530-540, the Frankish kings of Austrasia. But even earlier than this, at the beginning of the 6th century, new newcomers established themselves in it, mainly the tribes of Marcomanni and Quadi, who lived in Bohemia (Bojohemum) and from there brought the name Bavaria (Bajuwarii). They were led, from the middle of the 6th century, by dukes from the Agilolfing family.
The duchy occupied the area between the Lech and Enns rivers, the Fichtel mountains and the Tridentine Alps. The first duke whose name is mentioned in history was Garibald I (d. 590), who had his residence in Regensburg. Having united with the Lombards against the rule of the Franks, he was defeated by the latter and forced to sue for peace. He was succeeded by his relative, Thassilon I (d. 612), who marked himself by the fact that he first opened hostile actions against the Slavs and their allies, the Avars. Under his son, Garibald II (d. about 630), the Bavarians received the first written laws (lex Bajuwariorum, between 628-638) from the Frankish king Dagobert. At his invitation, St. arrived in Bavaria. Eustachius and Agilus preached Christianity there. Christianity was finally introduced under Theodon II (d. 716/718) by the Frankish missionaries Rupert, Emmeram and Corbinian.
Duke Odilon (736-748), son-in-law of Charles Martel, formally assumed the royal title, but his attempt to overthrow the supremacy of the Frankish kings ended in his being deposed by Carlomann and Pepin. Under him, Archbishop Saint Boniface divided the Bavarian church into 4 bishoprics: Salzburg, Passau, Regensburg and Freising; At the same time, several monasteries were established.
Thassilon III (748-788) was forced to take an oath of allegiance to Pepin the Short at the State Diet in Compiegne, and received from him his hereditary fief possessions. But subsequently he violated this oath and allied with his father-in-law, the Lombard king Desiderius and the Duke of Aquitaine against the Franks. After the overthrow of Desiderius, Charlemagne turned against his ally and, with the threat of war, forced him to renew his oath at Worms and hand over the hostages. Thassilon, however, did not obey and began relations with the Avars, for which he was summoned to the State Diet in Ingelheim in 788, sentenced to death for perjury and, together with his entire family, imprisoned in a monastery, where his family died out. Bavaria, although it remained a duchy and retained its ancient laws, was divided into several small districts, subject, like other areas of the state, to the administration of the counts. Thus, Bavaria became a province of the Frankish state and received the same political organization as it.
Bavaria in the 10th century
During the division of the state undertaken by Charlemagne, Bavaria, together with Italy, went to his second son Pepin, who died during his father’s lifetime. Louis the Pious, who succeeded Charlemagne, first transferred control to his eldest son Lothair with the title of king, but with the new division in 817 it passed to Louis II, later called German, who called himself rex Bojoariorum and chose Regensburg as his residence. Louis continuously fought with the Slavic peoples, causing much harm with his frequent raids. Meanwhile, the temporal power of the bishops gradually strengthened and the power of the counts palatine, who ruled as governors, increased. After the death of Louis the German (876), his son Carloman became king of Bavaria, which at that time also included Carinthia, Carniola, Istria, Frioul, Pannonia, Bohemia and Moravia.
Germany in 919-1125
Carlomann was succeeded (879) by his younger brother Louis III, and after his death (881) by his second brother Charles III the Fat, who, having received the crown of France in 884, thus united all the states of Charles V. under his authority. passed (887) to Carlomann's natural son Arnulf, and then (899) to his son Louis the Child, during whose reign Bavaria suffered a lot from the attacks of the Hungarians. With Louis the Child the Carolingian family ended (911), and the Bavarians elected their duke. the son of Margrave Luitpold, Arnulf II the Evil, famous for his enmity with Emperor Conrad I. His son After his death, Otto I the Great took Bavaria from Arnulf's son, Eberhard, passing it on to his uncle, Berthold (d. 947), and then to his brother Henry I, appointing Eberhard's brother, Arnulf, Count Palatine of Bavaria. This gave rise to internal strife, which made Bavaria a theater of devastating wars. Taking advantage of the uprising that broke out against the emperor and Duke Henry, Arnulf tried to retake possession of his hereditary duchy of Bavaria, and called on the Hungarians for help. who invaded Byelorussia, devastated it, but were defeated by Otto on Lechfeld. Henry I was succeeded by his son Henry II the Shrew, one of the most educated princes of that time and an implacable enemy of Otto II, who took B. from him and handed it over to Otto Swabian(d. 982). After the death of Otgon II, Henry again received the Duchy of B., which after him (995) passed to his son Henry IV, who later became Emperor of Germany under the name of Henry II. With his death, an almost 200-year period begins in the history of Bavaria, during which the country had to endure a lot, both from the Crusades, which deprived it of a significant part of the population, and from the eternal change of dukes, now appointed and then expelled again by the emperors, and who, with their mutual discord, did not allow it to calm down. Finally, after the expulsion of Henry XII. Leo (the founder of Munich), Bavaria passed (1180) to Count Palatine Otto of Wittelsbach, the founder of the Bavarian and Palatinate house.
Domains of Henry the Lion
Duke Otto of Wittelsbach
Duke Otto of Wittelsbach (d. 1183) and his active successor Ludwig I significantly expanded their hereditary possessions, and the latter, in addition, received the Rhine Palatinate from Emperor Frederick II. Ludwig mind. in 1231 from a blow with a dagger inflicted on him by some unknown person on the Kelheim Bridge (hence his name L. Kelgeimsky); Bavaria owes him the founding of the city of Landshut.
Bavaria and its neighbors in 1378
His son's reign Otto the Most Serene(1231-1253), was marked by internal strife over the temporal power of bishops who sought complete independence. For his commitment to the emperor, he was excommunicated by the pope. His sons Ludwig II the Severe and Henry XIII, ruled together for two years, but in 1255 they divided the country among themselves, with Ludwig receiving Upper Bavaria with Munich, the Rhine Palatinate and the title of Elector, and Henry, whose line ended a few years later, became the ruler of Lower Bavaria with the main city of Landsgut. In addition, both brothers inherited the inheritance of the unfortunate Conradin of Hohenstaufen. One of the two sons of Ludwig II (d. 1253), Ludwig, was elected emperor under the name Louis IV of Bavaria. In 1329 he concluded a separate treaty with his brother's sons in Pavia, according to which the latter were granted the Rhine Palatinate and the Upper Palatinate; both parties were deprived of the right to alienate their possessions and inheritance in the female line, while the title of elector was to belong to both in turn. However, the last decree was canceled by the Golden Bull (1356), which granted the electorate dignity to the House of the Palatinate. Thus, two main lines of the House of Wittelsbach arose: the Palatinate and the Bavarian. After the termination of the Lower Bavarian line, Emperor Louis, with the consent of the estates, annexed Lower Bavaria to Upper Bavaria. B. also owes him many improvements in internal governance; Thus, he granted city law to Munich, issued a civil code for Upper Bavaria and new judicial laws for Lower Bavaria. Louis (died in 1347) left behind six sons and a rich inheritance, to which, in addition to Bavaria, belonged Brandenburg, Dutch and the Zeeland provinces, Tyrol, etc. But these external possessions were soon lost, and discord and civil strife began between the individual lines, ending in 1505 with the unification of most of the ancient Bavarian lands in the hands of Albrecht IV.
The 14th century marked the beginning of the gradual development of class government structure Bavaria, since, taking advantage of the difficulties and strife of their princes, the nobility and cities extorted various rights and benefits from them, meeting support from the owners of spiritual principalities and properties. The estates (prelates, knights and cities) met whenever they pleased, and moreover either in the form of a “diet” (united estates), or in the form of separate estates, from which each formed its own special union. General state laws were previously discussed by the permanent estate commission, together with the duke's advisers, and then submitted for final approval by the Sejm. The appropriation of approved taxes was again carried out by the estates, which collected and spent them through their own people, and not through ducal officials. The class constitution of Bavaria had to endure a severe crisis at the beginning of the reign of Duke Albrecht IV, whose absolutist tendencies caused energetic resistance from the Lower Bavarian ranks, which reached the point of open rebellion. In 1506, the estates of Lower and Upper Bavaria united into one estate assembly, and Duke Albrecht, realizing all the harm of the division into appanages that had existed until then, obtained from them recognition of the unity and indivisibility of the state and the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture. According to this, of his three sons: Wilhelm IV, Ludwig and Ernst, only Wilhelm should have succeeded him; but after his death (1508) strife began, leading to the joint reign of William and Ludwig.
German states in 1648
Both of them provided the most decisive opposition to the reformation, which found numerous adherents in Bavaria, and in 1541 they called the Jesuits into the country. William died in 1550. His son Albrecht V the Magnanimous was also a friend of the Jesuits, but at the same time he patronized the sciences and arts. Of his three sons, he was succeeded in 1579 by William V the Pious, who in 1597 was forced by the Diet to transfer the rule to his eldest son Maximilian I and retire to a monastery. Maximilian I, gifted with rare abilities, was the soul of the league formed against the Protestant Union. During the 30 Years' War, Emperor Ferdinand II granted him (1623) the Electorate of the Palatinate and gave him the Upper Palatinate as a deposit for military expenses. The Peace of Westphalia strengthened Maximilian I's title of fifth elector and possession of the Upper Palatinate; at the same time, the eighth electorate was established for the Palatinate line and the right of inheritance to B. was confirmed for it in the event of the termination of William's descendants. Maximilian mind. 27 Sep. 1651 after a 55-year reign. Under his peaceful and thrifty successor Ferdinand Maria, the Bavarian Diet, which was not very crowded, met for the last time; from that time on, all the rights of the Sejm passed to a permanent estate commission, called the estate council (Landschafts Verordnung), initially elected only for 9 years. Ferdinand Maria was succeeded in 1679 by his son, Maximilian II Emanuel, who took the side of France in the War of the Spanish Succession. As a result, after the Battle of Hochstedt (1701), the emperor treated B. as a conquered country: Maximilian was declared a traitor and deprived of his rights, which were returned to him only by the Peace of Baden in 1714. He was succeeded in 1726. Karl Albrecht. Based on the marriage contract between Duke Albrecht V and his wife Anna, daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I, also supported by the latter’s will, after the death of Charles VI, he laid claim to most of the Austrian inheritance and began a war against Maria Theresa. Assisted by the French army, he conquered all of Upper Austria, proclaimed himself King of Bohemia after the conquest of Prague, and in 1742 was elected German Emperor in Frankfurt under the name of Charles VII. But that was where his triumph ended. Austria occupied Bavaria with its troops, and Karl Albrecht, who hastened to Munich, died suddenly on January 20, 1745.
Maximilian Joseph
His son and heir, Maximilian Joseph, concluded peace with Austria in Fussen, April 22. 1745, recognizing the Pragmatic Sanction, and in return receiving back all the Bavarian lands conquered by Austria. Sincerely imbued with the desire to see his country happy, he turned all his attention to improving agriculture, crafts, mining, justice, police, finance and public education. He established the Academy of Sciences in Munich (1759) and generously patronized the arts. Being childless, he confirmed all existing hereditary agreements with the house of the Palatinate electors. Both according to the treaties of the House of Wittelsbach and according to the definitions of the Peace of Westphalia, the Elector of the Palatinate indisputably belonged to the inheritance rights to Bavaria when, with the death of Maximilian Joseph on December 30. 1777 The Wittelsbach Line died out. But unexpectedly for everyone, Austria made claims to Lower Bavaria and occupied several districts. Heir and successor of Miximilian Joseph, childless Karl Theodor(see this next), surrendering to the admonitions of Emperor Joseph II, signed an agreement on January 3 and 14, 1778, in which he promised Austria the cession of Lower Bavaria, the possessions of Mindelheim and the Bohemian fiefs in the Upper Palatinate. But Duke Karl of Zweibrücken, as the closest agnate and probable heir to Bavaria, declared himself against this concession, prompted by the Prussian king Frederick II. This was the reason for the so-called War of the Bavarian Succession, which, however, ended without bloodshed with the Peace of Teschen in 1779, thanks mainly to the intervention of Russia, which spoke out against Austria. The Elector of the Palatinate-Bavarian was assured of undisputed possession of Bavaria, with the exception of the Inn quarter with Brunau (38 sq. miles), which went to Austria. At the same time, according to the decrees of the Peace of Westphalia, the eighth electorate also ceased to exist.
New story
Bavaria and its neighbors in 1786
Karl Theodor died 16 Feb. 1799 With him the Neuburg-Salzbach line of the reigning dynasty died out and the electorship passed to the Zweibrücken line. Duke Charles died back in 1795, leaving no children behind, and therefore the reign passed to his brother, Maximilian IV Joseph. The latter immediately confirmed (patent dated February 16, 1799) the country's rights to estates, but at the same time flatly refused to convene a general Diet and, through his minister Mongel, introduced a system of so-called enlightened despotism. A series of measures followed that ushered in a new era: the easing of censorship, the limitation of the power of the clergy in secular affairs and the abolition of monasteries. But all this did not happen without violence and theft of public goods. According to the Peace of Luneville (February 4, 1801), Bavaria lost the entire Rhine Palatinate, the duchies of Zweibrücken and Jülich, but received a rich reward for this, namely the bishoprics of Würzburg, Bamberg, Freising and Augsburg, part of Passau along with 12 abbeys and 17 imperial cities , including Ulm, Kempten, Memmingen, Nördlingen and Schweinfurt. Bavaria acquired 60 square meters in this way. miles and about 110,000 inhabitants. By the Treaty of Pressburg, the territory of Bavaria was increased by another 500 square meters. miles and per 1 million inhabitants. Among the new acquisitions were Tyrol, Vorarlberg, the Margraviate of Burgau, the Principality of Eichstätt, the Margraviate of Ansbach, in return for which Würzburg went to the former Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the Duchy of Berg to France. From the hands of a foreign conqueror, the Elector received sovereign power and the royal title, which he accepted on January 1. 1806 under the name Maximilian Joseph I. Following this, he became the head of those German sovereign princes who, on July 12, 1806, signed the act establishing the Union of the Rhine, accepting the obligation to provide a contingent of 30,000 soldiers for the French emperor in the event of war. Soon the new kingdom was annexed imperial city Nuremberg; the same fate befell the enclaves. The old class system was actually abolished, and the government arbitrarily arrogated to itself the right to levy taxes. The formal abolition of the old constitution was followed on May 1, 1808 by the proclamation of a new, granted constitution, which, although it promised equality before the law, equality of taxation, freedom of conscience and general, not class, representation, everything remained only on paper.
For participation in the 1809 campaign against Austria, Bavaria received as a reward the Principality of Regensburg, the Margraviate of Bayreuth, Salzburg, Berchtesgaden, losing, for its part, South Tyrol, Ulm and some other districts. Bavaria had 3 million 300 thousand inhabitants at that time. In the Russian campaign of 1812, the Bavarian contingent of 30,000 people. Almost all of them died from cold and hunger. In 1813, she fielded a new army under the command of Napoleon and at the same time concentrated an observation corps on the Austrian border. But, seeing the danger of Napoleon's position, the Bavarian government immediately changed its policy. 10 days before the decisive battle of Leipzig, she withdrew from the Confederation of the Rhine and concluded an agreement with Austria, according to which, for the cession of the Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Salzburg, the Inn quarter, etc., all other possessions were secured for her, along with Würzburg, Aschaffenburg and some part of the left bank of the Rhine, which now forms the Bavarian Palatinate. Since then, Bavaria went over to the Allied side and participated in the campaigns of 1814 and 1815. At the Congress of Vienna, its territorial relations were finally regulated, and the rights of an autocratic sovereign were recognized for the Bavarian king. During all this time, which was ruled more by the intelligent and energetic, but not alien to violence, minister, Montgelas, than by the kind and little thrifty king Maximilian Joseph, many French institutions were planted in Bavaria, and not always the best ones. But enlightenment and education have undoubtedly made progress, although rather one-sided. At the Congress of Vienna, as well as after the fall of Mongel (1817), the Bavarian government jealously guarded its sovereign privileges, and this was one of the reasons for the failure of all then attempts to unify Germany on broader grounds than could be achieved by the union constitution. On May 26, 1818, the constitution was promulgated, which in its essential features has been preserved to this day. It was a patented constitution. By virtue of it, Bavaria was supposed to remain an independent state forever, without merging with any other monarchy. All citizens of the state must bear social burdens equally and enjoy personal freedom equally. At the same time, freedom of conscience and press was proclaimed - the latter with certain restrictions. Legislative power is entrusted to the king together with two chambers: state councilors and the chamber of deputies. The latter is elected for a 6-year term and must be convened every three years for two months. The proposal of laws can only come from the king, and the decisions of the chambers receive legal force only after the approval of the supreme power. But all decisions relating to property rights and taxes can be issued only with the participation and approval of the chambers. The promulgation of the constitution was preceded by the publication of an edict on the organization of communities on fairly liberal grounds for that time. At the same time, a concordat was concluded with the Roman Curia, which was included in the constitution. Already at the first Diet of 1819, the House of Representatives showed courage, ability and practical sense. The Seimas of 1822 and 1825 were primarily occupied with debates about finances, accompanied by many unpleasant revelations for the government, as well as discussions of new customs legislation, improving the judicial system, establishing a redemption fund, easing guild and other restrictions, etc.
Reign of Ludwig I 1825-1848
After the death of Maximilian I, on October 13, 1825, his son ascended the throne and began to rule under the name Ludwig I. He went down in history as a patron of the sciences and arts. In 1826, he transferred the university from Landshut to Munich, which is now known as the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and reorganized the Academy of Arts. Under his leadership, Munich began to turn into a “second Athens”. However, the king's enterprises required enormous expenses, which the members of the Chamber of Deputies were not particularly sympathetic to. This, as well as the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France, led to the fact that the initially liberal king became a reactionary.
In 1837, the Ultramontants came to power, and Karl von Abel became the first minister. The Jesuits began to play first fiddle in the country, persecution of Protestants began, and liberal articles were removed from the Constitution one after another. At the same time, Ludwig was sympathetic to the Greek uprising, and agreed to the election of his son, Otto, as the Greek king, which was very costly for the Bavarian treasury, which was forced to support the king of the devastated country.
However, it was not popular protests that led to the collapse of the clerical regime in Bavaria, but the love affairs of the king. In 1846, he fell under the strong influence of the Irish adventuress Eliza Gilbert, posing as the “Spanish dancer Lola Montes,” who managed, as they said, to “defeat Loyola,” that is, to overthrow the clerical ministry of Abel, and then the moderate ministry of Maurer. The first minister was Prince Ludwig von Oettingen-Wallenstein, whose cabinet became known as “Lola’s Ministry.” The new first minister tried to win the sympathy of the liberals by appealing to pan-Germanism, but was never able to form a functional government.
Revolution of 1848-1849
In 1848, news of revolution in France led to popular unrest. On March 11, the king dismissed the first minister, and on March 20, realizing the degree of popular outrage over his rule, he abdicated the throne himself. His son, Maximilian II, became the new king.
On March 6, 1848, Ludwig I issued a proclamation in which he promised that the Bavarian government would act for the sake of freedom and unity of Germany. Acting in the spirit of this proclamation, Maximilian II recognized the authority of the German Parliament convened in Frankfurt, and on December 19 issued a decree on the operation in Bavaria of all laws adopted by the German Parliament. However, dominance among the German states increasingly began to pass to Prussia, and not to Austria. Maximilian was supported by parliament when he refused to agree to the proposal to award the imperial crown to the Prussian king Frederick William IV. However, Maximilian went against the will of the people, refusing to support the draft German Constitution when it became clear that, according to it, Austria was excluded from the German Confederation.
Reign of Maximilian II 1848-1864
After the abdication of the father of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, his son Maximilian II ascended to the throne of Bavaria in 1848.
Bavaria during German unification
The Bavarian kingdom initially opposed the strengthening of Prussia's role in Germany. In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Bavaria took the side of Austria. The result of participation in this war for Bavaria was defeat; Under the terms of the peace treaty, Bavaria ceded a number of territories to Prussia, namely the districts of Orb and Gersfeld, lying in the Spessart and Rhone Mountains, with 32,976 inhabitants, and had to pay 30 million florins in war indemnity. In addition, due to the collapse of the German Confederation and the formation of a new North German Confederation, into which the southern German states, including Bavaria, according to special Franco-Prussian agreements could not be included, the kingdom found itself in political isolation.
From this time on, a rapprochement between Bavaria and Prussia began, which resulted in Bavaria’s participation in the Franco-Prussian War on the side of the latter. During this war, the Bavarian troops performed admirably. Their valor is evidenced by the battles of Weissenburg and Werth, Sedan, Paris and Orleans. The general rise of national consciousness at that time was so strong that the population of Bavaria, in numerous addresses addressed to the government, petitioned to join the North German Confederation. Nevertheless, during negotiations with the Union on this issue, the Bavarian government tried to negotiate maximum preferences for itself. Finally, on November 23, 1870, a treaty was signed on the accession of Bavaria to the Union. Under this treaty, Bavaria retained its own diplomacy, control of the army, postal services, telegraph, railways, taxation system and complete independence in matters of citizenship and the right of settlement. Similar treaties were concluded by the remaining South German states. The North German Confederation thus included all member states of the former German Confederation, except Austria, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein.
On November 30, 1870, King Ludwig II of Bavaria, in agreement with other German monarchs, addressed the Prussian king with the so-called “Imperial Letter”, in which he asked the Prussian King Wilhelm I to accept the title of German Emperor. For this, Bismarck guaranteed Ludwig significant cash payments from the specially created Welf fund.
On January 18, 1871, in the Palace of Versailles near Paris, Bismarck, in the presence of German princes, read the text of the proclamation of the Prussian king as Emperor of the German Empire. And on April 16 of the same year, the constitution of the new state was adopted, of which Bavaria was henceforth a part.
Bavaria within the German Empire
Bavaria within the Weimar Republic
On November 12, 1918, the Bavarian People's Party (BNP) was created on the basis of the Bavarian branch of the Catholic Center Party. From 1919 to 1933, the BNP was the most powerful political force in Bavaria, consistently participating in all provincial governments. Its representatives became Minister-Presidents of Bavaria three times:
- Hugo von Lerchenfeld-Köfering (21 September 1921 - 8 November 1922),
- Eugen von Knilling (November 8, 1922 – July 1, 1924),
- Heinrich Held (2 July 1924 – 10 March 1933).
In November 1923, the Nazis made their first attempt to seize power in Munich, during the Beer Hall Putsch. It was suppressed, its initiators, led by A. Hitler, were arrested. Hitler and his comrades served their sentences in Landsberg prison.
Bavaria as part of the Third Reich
During the Third Reich federal structure was liquidated. The territory of Bavaria was divided between several Reichsgau. NSDAP congresses were held in Nuremberg. During World War II, Munich, Nuremberg and other cities were heavily damaged by bombing.
Political system
The legislative body of the federal state is the Bavarian Landtag (German). Bayerischer Landtag; since 1999 unicameral, in 1946-1999 the parliament had an upper house - the Senate (German) Russian ), who is elected by the population for a 5-year term. The executive body is the Bavarian Government (Bayerische Staatsregierung), which is formed by the Landtag and consists of:
- Minister-President (German) Bayerischer Ministerpräsident ) - Prime Minister, head of the government of Bavaria,
- Bavarian ministers of state
- Bavarian state secretaries.
Constitutional oversight body - Bavarian Constitutional Court ( Bayerischer Verfassungsgerichtshof) (formerly the Bavarian State Court of Justice ( Bayerischer Staatsgerichtshof)), the highest courts - the Higher Regional Court of Bamberg ( Oberlandesgericht Bamberg), Higher Regional Court of Munich ( Oberlandesgericht Munich) and the Higher Regional Court of Nuremberg ( Oberlandesgericht Nürnberg) (until 1932 also the Higher Regional Court of Augsburg ( Oberlandesgericht Augsburg)), until 2006 they were supervised by the Bavarian Supreme Regional Court ( Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht), the highest court of administrative justice is the Bavarian Administrative Court ( Bayerischer Verwaltungsgerichtshof).
Policy
For a long time, the Christian Social Union (CSU) was in power in Bavaria, almost always receiving more than 50 percent of the votes during Landtag elections. However, during the elections held on September 28, 2008, the party was unable to obtain an absolute majority of seats in the Landtag and was forced to enter into negotiations with the FDP on the formation of a coalition government. Due to the failure in the elections, the then Prime Minister of Bavaria, Günther Beckstein, was forced to resign. CSU Chairman Erwin Huber also had to resign from his post. On October 25, 2008, at a CSU party meeting, Horst Seehofer was elected as the new party leader. Following the Landtag vote on 27 October 2008, Horst Seehofer was also elected Prime Minister of Bavaria. On the same day, deputies of the Landtag elected a woman, Barbara Stamm, as their chairman for the first time in the history of Bavaria.
In the 2013 elections, the CSU won 47.7%, winning 101 seats out of 180. The SPD won 20.6% and won 42 seats. The FDP gained 3.3% and lost seats in the Landtag. The CSU formed a one-party government.
Elections
Distribution of seats in the Bavarian Landtag after the elections held on September 15, 2013 (180 seats in total) and the percentage of votes received:
- CSU 101st place, 47.7%
- SPD 42 seats, 20.6%
- Free voters 19 seats, 9%
- “Union 90/Greens” 18 seats, 8.6%
Results of parties that did not enter the Landtag after the 2013 elections in percentage:
- FDP 3.3%
- Left 2.1%
- Bavarian Party 2.1%
- ODP 2%
- Pirate Party 2%
- Republicans 1%
- NDP 0.6%
- Others 0.2%
Population of Bavaria
The Bavarians are descendants of three ancient Germanic allied tribes - the Bavarians, Franks and Swabians (Alemanni) - differ in the nature of their speech, customs, way of thinking and attitude. Later, already in 1945, more than two million refugees and persons deported from former German territories were added to their number, bringing their own traditions and culture.
- Bavarians- are descendants of the Bavarians, inhabit the administrative districts of Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. With around 6.4 million people, they make up approximately half of Bavaria's population.
- Franconians- are descendants of the Franks. Their places of settlement are located in the administrative districts of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia, which have been part of the state of Bavaria since the beginning of the 19th century; about 4.1 million Franconians currently live.
- Swabians- the administrative district of Swabia is named after 1.8 million Bavarian Swabians.
- « Fourth tribe" - also the three Bavarian ethnic groups were joined by expelled Sudeten Germans who moved to Bavaria mainly after 1945. The Free Land provided them with protection and support. The Decree of November 5, 1962 states: The Bavarian Government recognizes that the Sudeten Germans belong to the indigenous Bavarian population. Filled with gratitude to their newfound homeland, the “new Bavarians” put a lot of effort into its restoration after the Second World War.
Cities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants
| City | Census December 31, 2000 |
Census December 31, 2005 |
Census December 31, 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Munich | 1 210 223 | 1 259 677 | 1 330 440 |
| Nuremberg | 488 400 | 499 237 | 503 673 |
| Augsburg | 254 982 | 262 676 | 263 646 |
| Wurzburg | 127 966 | 133 906 | 133 195 |
| Regensburg | 125 676 | 129 859 | 134 218 |
| Ingolstadt | 115 722 | 121 314 | 124 387 |
| Furth | 110 477 | 113 422 | 114 044 |
| Erlangen | 100 778 | 103 197 | 105 554 |
| Bayreuth | 74 153 | 73 997 | 72 576 |
| Bamberg | 69 036 | 70 081 | 69 827 |
| Aschaffenburg | 67 592 | 68 642 | 68 722 |
| Landshut | 58 746 | 61 368 | 62 735 |
| Kempten | 61 389 | 61 360 | 62 007 |
| Rosenheim | 58 908 | 60 226 | 60 877 |
| Schweinfurt | 54 325 | 54 273 | 53 533 |
| Neu-Ulm | 50 188 | 51 410 | 53 034 |
| Passau | 50 536 | 50 651 | 50 627 |
Additional: The Bavarian State Office provided these statistics and processed data
Religion
Pilgrimage Church in Vis
| Religions in Bavaria: | 1840 * | 1900 * | 1933 * | 1950 | 1970 | in 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 71,1 % | 70,5 % | 70,0 % | 71,9 % | 70,4 % | 57,2 % |
| Evangelical | 27,4 % | 28,3 % | 28,7 % | 26,5 % | 25,2 % | 21,3 % |
| Muslim | - | - | - | - | 0,9 % | 2,2 % |
| Jewish | 1,4 % | 0,9 % | 0,5 % | 0,1 % | 0,1 % | 0,1 % |
| Other religions | 0,1 % | 0,3 % | 0,8 % | 1,5 % | 3,4 % | 19,2 % |
* Including Palatinate
Administrative structure
The federal state of Bavaria includes 71 districts (German. Landkreis) and 25 cities of state subordination (German. Kreisfreie Stadt) (index of districts and cities on license plates in brackets), districts are divided into cities (German. Stadt) and communities (German. Gemeinde), cities are divided into urban districts (German. Stadtbezirk), communities into communal quarters (German. Gemeindeteil).
Administrative districts
Administrative map of Bavaria
The Republic of Bavaria consists of several administrative districts. List of districts:
| Administrative District | Administrative center | JSC | Reduction | Square km² |
Inhabitant (Sep 2005) |
Population density people/km² |
| Upper Bavaria | Munich | 091 | O.B. | 17 529,63 | 4 232 962 | 241 |
| Lower Bavaria | Landshut | 092 | N.B. | 10 329,91 | 1 197 631 | 116 |
| Upper Palatinate | Regensburg | 093 | OP. | 9691,03 | 1 090 318 | 113 |
| Upper Franconia | Bayreuth | 094 | Ofr. | 7231,00 | 1 103 239 | 153 |
| Middle Franconia | Ansbach | 095 | Mfr. | 7244,85 | 1 708 841 | 236 |
| Lower Franconia | Wurzburg | 096 | Ufr. | 8530,99 | 1 342 308 | 157 |
| Swabia | Augsburg | 097 | Schw. | 9992,03 | 1 789 698 | 179 |
| Bavaria | Munich | 70 549,11 | 12 464 997 | 177 |
- Neustadt am Waldnab (NEW)
- Neu-Ulm (NU)
- Nuremberg (LAU)
- Upper Allgäu (OA)
- East Allgäu (OAL)
- Passau (PA)
- Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm (PAF)
- Regen (REG)
- Regensburg (R)
- Rhön - Grabfeld (NES)
- Rosenheim (RO)
- Roth (RH)
- Rottal-Inn (PAN)
- Schwandorf (SAD)
- Schweinfurt (SW)
- Starnberg (STA)
- Straubing - Bogen (SR)
- Tirschenreuth (TIR)
- Traunstein (TS)
- Lower Allgäu (MN)
- Weilheim - Schongau (WM)
- Weissenburg - Gunzenhausen (WUG)
- Wunsiedel - Fichtel (WUN)
- Würzburg (WÜ)
Free Cities (Kreisfreie Städte)
Local government authorities
The representative bodies of the districts are the circustags ( bezirkstag), consisting of becircxrats ( bezirksrat), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the district is exercised by the district committee ( bezirksausschuss).
Representative bodies of districts - kreistags ( kreistag), consisting of landrat ( landrat), who conducts the meetings, and the cruiserats ( kreisrat), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the district is exercised by the Landrat, elected by the population, and the district committee ( kreisausschuss), consisting of a landrat and members district committee, elected by the kreistag in proportion to the size of the factions.
Representative bodies of cities - stadtrat ( stadtrat), consisting of the chief burgomaster ( oberbürgermeister), who conducts meetings, and members of the Stadtrat ( stadtratsmitglied), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, executive power in the city is exercised by the mayor, elected by the population.
Representative bodies of communities - geminderats ( gemeinderat), consisting of a burgomaster ( bürgermeister), who chairs the meetings, and members of the geminderat ( gemeinderatsmitglied), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the community is exercised by the burgomaster, elected by the population.
Representative bodies of urban districts are district committees (bezirksausschuss), elected by the population.
Regions
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The asteroid (301) Bavaria, discovered in 1890, is named after Bavaria.
Sister regions
Partners of the Free State of Bavaria.
Economy
| ...Over the past decades, Bavaria has become a modern, highly developed region. Enterprises of international scale, strong medium-sized enterprises and promising scientific research provide it with a dominant position at the pinnacle of technological and economic progress. Bavaria remains true to its principles, despite all kinds of changes. Tradition and progress - this is the motto of the Free Land. Being a member of an actively developing European community, Bavaria does not lose its identity and self-esteem..... Horst Seehofer, Prime Minister of Bavaria |
Bavaria has the largest economic and scientific potential among the 16 federal states of Germany and is the leader in the rate of economic growth (from 1985 to 2005, Bavaria's GDP increased by 28.2%, and the national average by 14.6%).
In 2005, Bavaria's GDP amounted to 403 billion euros (18% of the German total), of which about 69% came from trade and services, 30% from industry and only 1% from the agricultural sector.
In 2006, Bavaria became the first German state in 30 years to adopt a deficit-free budget.
Bavaria from an agricultural country is moving to a technological state and claims to be one of the most developed countries within Germany. The most important role in the Bavarian economy is played by mechanical engineering, in particular the automotive and aerospace industries. Electrical engineering, precision mechanics, optics, medical equipment production, and the chemical industry are also developed.
Well-developed areas of Bavaria are: the Munich metropolitan area with a developed automotive industry ( BMW, Audi, MAN, Knorr-Bremse), information sector ( Siemens, Infineon Technologies, Microsoft), means mass media and publishing houses ( ProSiebenSat1, Sky Germany, Kabel Germany, publishing house Burda), military industry ( EADS, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann); Augsburg district ( EADS, KUKA, UPM-Kymmene), Ingolstadt ( Audi, Media-Saturn-Holding) and the “Bavarian chemical triangle” between Lake Chiemsee and the Inn and Salzach rivers. Tourism is developed (historical attractions, museums, beer gardens, Oktoberfest, fairs).
Agriculture
Bavaria also owns the Salforste forests in Austria.
Tourism
One of Bavaria's sources of income is tourism. Bavaria is considered a land of relaxation. Because of the beauty of its landscapes and good developed infrastructure, as well as the Alpine foothills and the Bavarian Alps themselves, it was and is favorite place for tourists, at any time of the year.
Bavaria is the largest state in Germany by area. Some Bavarian cities were built by the Romans.
The capital is Munich (first mentioned in 1158), with a population of about 1.35 million. residents (February 2009). The center of the city is the Marienplatz square, beloved by tourists, with the new town hall building. On east side Marienplatz is home to the old town hall, which today houses a toy museum. A little south of Marienplatz stands St. Peter's Church, built in the 11th century. To the southwest of the church, on St. Jakob Square, is the Munich City Museum. Its exhibits cover the cultural history of Munich, and there is also a photo and film museum, a museum of dolls, musical instruments and much more. State national galleries in Munich: Alte Pinakothek (old masters), Neue Pinakothek (modern art), Pinakothek moderne (modern art); Bavarian National Museum with a collection of sculpture, decorative art, folk art; state collection of natural history exhibits; German Museum.
Bavaria is the venue large quantity various festivals, among which the most famous are Oktoberfest and Landshut Wedding.
Bavarian figures
Religion and Politics Benedict XVI - former Pope Franz Joseph Strauss - former Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber - former Prime Minister Horst Seehofer - Prime MinisterIn front of you detailed map Bavaria with the names of cities and towns in Russian. Move the map while holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or turning the mouse wheel.
What country is Bavaria in?
Bavaria is located in Germany. This is wonderful a nice place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of Bavaria: north latitude and east longitude (show on large map).
Virtual walk
The “little man” figurine above the scale will help you make virtual walk in the cities of Bavaria. By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Select the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The “Satellite” option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode you will have the opportunity to familiarize yourself in detail with highways Bavaria and its main attractions.
If you are going to Bavaria, you definitely need to know about the Bayern Ticket. Bavaria has an excellent public transport network. German railway trains make stops in almost every locality. Well, in those places where there is no Deutsche Bahn, or its trains do not stop, there are regular buses.
If you are going to Bavaria, you definitely need to know about the Bayern Ticket. In different sources when preparing for a trip, you may come across different names for it: “Bayern Ticket” or in Russian - Bayern Ticket.
There are many remarkable places and interesting tourist sites in Munich. To explore all the parks, castles and museums of Bavaria, you probably won’t have enough time on your whole vacation. Driving around Bavaria is inexpensive and easy. In Bavaria, the public transport network is well organized, and it operates with amazing accuracy and punctuality (flight delays only occur in cases of true “force majeure”).
Deutschebahn (German Railways) trains make stops in almost every town. Well, in those places where there is no Deutsche Bahn, or its trains do not stop, there are regular buses. There is absolutely no need to rent a car in Bavaria - just buy a Bavarian ticket!
Buy these tickets online. To do this, open the instructions for booking tickets for Deutsche Bahn. There you will see where to look for the Bayern Ticket.
Types of Bavarian Tickets
After 10.06.2012 there is only one type of Bavarian ticket. It's called Bayern Ticket. Are you planning to travel alone? Then you need a Bayern Ticket for one person. At 2018 prices, such a ticket costs €25, with an additional payment of €6 for each subsequent passenger. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket is 5 people. If a larger number of people are traveling, simply combine such tickets for different numbers of passengers, distributing several people for each.
On each ticket, in a special line, you must enter the name of one group member (in Latin, block letters). This is a mandatory rule of the German Railways. When you enter your name, keep this in mind: if your group has to get on or off the train at the same time, the person who needs to get on the transport first or travel the furthest should be entered into the ticket.
Ticket validity period
Another important point– ticket validity period. The Bavarian Ticket does not work 24 hours a day. It is valid from 09.00 to 03.00 the next day - this is on weekdays. On official German holidays and weekends, its validity starts at 00:00. The exception is August 8th. In Germany, this day is not a day off - it is National holiday(Peace Day) only in Bavaria. When it does not fall on a weekend, the Bavarian Ticket is valid from 9 am. Remember this!
Action Bayern Ticket Nacht
If you plan to travel only in the evenings (after 18.00), it will be profitable for you to buy tickets of a different type - Bayern-Ticket Nacht - tickets for “night owls”. Such a Bayern Ticket for one person costs 23 €, an additional payment for each subsequent passenger is €3. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket is 5 people. Bayern-Ticket Nacht is valid from 18:00 to 06:00 the next day. And on holidays and weekends (remember August 8!) - until 07:00.
Why buy such tickets? This is beneficial when temporarily moving from one city to another in the evening (for example, from Munich to Nuremberg for several days). Then a ticket for two to Nuremberg will be profitable - it will cost only 26 €.
Traveling with children.
For children under 5 years of age, travel on the German Railways is free. One Bavarian Ticket per person entitles you to bring with you an unlimited number of children or grandchildren aged 5–15 years (but only relatives). In this case, you are allowed to take another adult with you, with an additional charge of 5 €.
When traveling with children or grandchildren, you can use the Bayern Ticket for up to two adults!
The line intended for the name must contain only the name of the person who is the child's native name. If other adults are traveling in the group, they must purchase separate tickets. If another traveler in your group also has children, he will also have to buy a separate ticket. The Deutsche Bahn rule states that the passenger whose name is indicated on the ticket (and only his own children/grandchildren) has the right to carry children. Two families with children - a minimum of two tickets, each with the parent's (or grandparent's) name written on it.
You can completely refuse to transport children free of charge, and pay for their travel, like the travel of ordinary passengers. Sometimes it turns out even more profitable.
Future travelers to Bavaria ask many questions regarding the validity of the Bavarian Ticket. We will try to analyze various road situations.
Which vehicles are covered by the Bayern Ticket?
The Bavarian ticket can be valid:
- on all regional trains (in 2nd class). These formulations are marked RE or RB (Regional Express or Regional Ban);
- on S-Bahn trains: on the U-Bahn subway;
- on the city tram; on buses running throughout Bavaria and some neighboring areas.
Which vehicles are not covered by the Bayern Ticket?
- The ticket is not valid on night and high-speed trains marked: IC, EC, ICE, D;
- The Bayern Ticket usually does not apply to special express buses; for example, on the Memmingen Airport – Munich express train. It does not apply on some other routes either. (However, the bus that runs from Memmingen Airport to the station is covered by the Bavarian Ticket, and with this method of travel you will save 2.5 € per passenger on tickets);
- the ticket is not valid for sightseeing and tourist routes; on some bus routes that are not part of transport associations; on tourist trams; cable cars;
- any types of transport that are not municipal are paid separately.
Which territories does the Bayern Ticket cover?
- All of Bavaria, its cities and villages; all points where Bavarian municipal transport goes;
- territories of Germany and Austria bordering Bavaria. (If traveling to Austria, you should choose a German local train, but not an Austrian one, since it is not covered by the Bavarian Ticket).
More information about the validity zone of the Bavarian Ticket can be found on the Deutschebahn website, in the Bayern Ticket section (in German). There you can see that the ticket will take you to Ulm (in Baden-Württemberg), as well as to Sonnenberg (in Thuringia) and to Salzburg in Austria. Austrian trains are designated EC, and German trains are designated RB.
Where can I buy a Bayern Ticket?
There are several places where tickets are sold, and prices vary. The simplest thing is to buy such a ticket at the station ticket office. However, purchasing at the box office will cost 2 € more per ticket. If you buy a ticket from a station machine, there will be no such overpayment. The Bavarian Ticket is sold in Deutsche Bahn vending machines; You can find them at train stations and airports (in Austria, tickets are sold in Salzburg at the train station).
Using the machine is not difficult - it has buttons that indicate the type of travel. There is a corresponding button for purchasing “partner” tickets. After you press the required button, the machine will ask for the date for which you are purchasing a ticket, after which it will ask you to deposit the required amount; will issue a ticket and change.
You can purchase tickets in advance through the Deutsche Bahn website. To do this, you will have to clearly decide on the date of the trip, the number and composition of travelers in the group. Plan all the details of your trip in advance!
You can buy a ticket online on both Russian and German territory, without leaving the hotel where you will be staying. Print your ticket and it will be valid right outside your hotel door.
How to purchase Bayern Ticket online?
This is a simple operation, it is carried out in a few clicks on the Deutschebahn website.
How to travel with Bayern Ticket with children?
These rules are complicated even for Germans and constantly cause a lot of misunderstanding and questions among passengers. The forums of the German Railways are literally littered with such questions and reviews. In this case, it is even more difficult for foreign tourists to understand.
Let's look at the basic rules for transporting children in Bavaria using the Bayern Ticket:
1. Children under 5 years old (inclusive!) travel free throughout Germany. Always, no options.
2. The rights of parents and grandparents to transport children or grandchildren are exactly the same. In order not to complicate the explanation, we will simply use the designation “parents”. A priori, all travel rules will apply to the older generation.
3. Any parent (grandmother or grandfather) can carry any number of children and grandchildren aged 6 - 14 (inclusive) using a Bavarian ticket. An important condition: these must be “your own children” - i.e. natural children or grandchildren in the legal sense (the same provisions apply to adopted children). No other degrees of relationship (brothers, cousins, nephews, etc.) are covered by the Bavarian ticket. The guide or conductor has the right to demand a document confirming the relationship (for Russians, a foreign passport with registered children is sufficient).
4. Children can be carried free of charge by the passenger whose name is written on the ticket, and only that passenger. That is, the children must be related to this particular person.
5. When one adult is carrying children on a Bavarian ticket, he can include one more adult passenger on it. That is, children are transported free of charge on a ticket worth 25 € with one adult, or on a ticket worth 31 € with two adults. Tickets for three, four and five passengers do not give the right to discounted transportation for children, even if travel document The parent's name will be entered.
These rules seem simple, but in practice, confusion often occurs when traveling. Therefore, it is better to consider specific examples of situations:
- A mother is traveling with two children, who are 9 and 14 years old. She needs to purchase a Bayern Ticket for one passenger and enter her name there. A ticket will cost a mother 25 euros, her children will travel for free.
- A mother is traveling, with her children aged 9 and 14, and an uncle - my mother’s brother. They will need a Bavarian ticket for two passengers. The mother's name must be written on the ticket, and then the children will travel for free. If you write your uncle's name on the ticket, the children will lose their right to free travel. Only the person whose name is indicated on the ticket can carry children for free! This means that only the parent’s name is always indicated on the ticket, and he gets the right to transport his children for free.
- A mother and her children, 9 and 14 years old, are traveling; her friend, and with her a 4-year-old child. They need a ticket for two passengers. Their ticket will cost 31 €. Children under 5 years old always travel for free; they can be ignored when choosing the type of tickets.
- The same situation: the mother has children 9 and 14 years old; her friend also has a child, but 14 years old. For one Bavarian ticket for two people, only one mother can carry children for free. What is the right thing for friends to do - each take a ticket for one passenger? In the above case, the total cost of their Bavarian Tickets will be 50 €. Another option for these passengers is to consider themselves a regular group of five passengers. In this case, their joint ticket for five will cost 49 €.
- An aunt and her three nephews are traveling. Children are 4, 9 and 14 years old. A ticket must be purchased for three passengers - a child 4 years old travels for free. The aunt does not have the right to transport her nephews free of charge with a Bavarian Ticket. Ticket price – 37 €.
There are other situations. It is simply impossible to give all the examples here. On the German website Railways you can ask your questions. Use the rules above, think about the composition of the group and think logically when purchasing tickets.
Whose name should be included on the Bayern Ticket?
An independent traveler has to carefully understand other people's rules and adapt to them in a timely manner. It would seem that buying a ticket is very simple! However, there are some nuances here too. A ticket intended for travel within a specific German federal state (in our case, the Bavarian ticket) will not be valid until the passenger's name is entered on it. Be sure to write the passenger's name in Latin on the ticket! Only one name is always written, even if there are five travelers.
If the name is not entered, you will have to do this in the presence of a conductor or controller (they will give you a pen and ask you to enter this name). If German you know well - this will be a normal, typical situation. It’s a different matter if you practically don’t know the language. The situation can become very difficult and even conflictual. Therefore, it is better to prepare and write your name on the ticket in advance. But you are traveling in a group - whose name should be there?
There are several rules here too. Controllers and conductors often require identification of the person named on the ticket. This way they can verify that the Bayern Ticket belongs to your group. The person who entered their name on the ticket will have to show their ID.
According to German law, every person is required to carry an identity card (and tourists are no exception). However, tourists often prefer to keep their passports at the hotel so as not to accidentally lose them and get into trouble in a foreign country. This approach has its own reason - but in this case the passenger must still have some kind of identification. An international license can replace a passport (the name on the license must be written in Latin). For a train conductor/controller such a certificate will be sufficient. When you choose from among the members of your group whose name will be written on the ticket, check to see if this person has such an identification card. Avoid conflict situations with controllers!
If there is a person in the group with children (5-15 years old), be sure to include the parent’s name on the ticket. There are many subtleties in transporting children - so think through all specific situations in advance so as not to end up buying the “wrong” tickets.
This is why I love traveling around Europe, because transport is well developed there, and you can easily move around the area alone, without knowing the language, sightseeing. As a rule, you buy one ticket from the machine for all types of transport, and this ticket is valid certain time. The Bavarian ticket is no exception.
The ticket is valid for everyone local types of transport in Bavaria (Germany is divided into states, Bavaria with its capital in Munich is one of the states):
- metro
- trams
- buses
- by train
- and local trains, the numbers of which are indicated on the ticket, but more on that below.
We took the train in Munich, went to some city, then took a bus, a tram, and then took the train back again. In this case, the ticket is purchased once and is valid for the whole day!
Yes, you heard right. This miracle ticket is valid all day. So,
Validity period of the Bavarian ticket
- on weekdays: from 9-00 to 03-00 the next day (that is, in fact, after breakfast at the hotel you can go anywhere for the whole day, paying only once);
- on weekends and official holidays Bavaria: from 0-00 hours to 03-00 the next day (also for the whole day, even longer: you can travel from the very morning).
There is also a Bavarian night ticket (Bayern Ticket Nacht), which is valid from 18-00 and ends at 06-00 the next day.
We only used Bavarian day tickets, . This was quite enough for us.
This is what the ticket looks like. But we also came across this small format:
Cost of a Bavarian ticket in 2019. How much does the pleasure cost and does it make economic sense?
The most pleasant thing for us is ordinary travelers, exploring the German lands on their own, was the price of a Bavarian ticket: the cost of a ticket for one person is 25 euros, additional payment for each subsequent passenger - 7 euros each. Maximum number of passengers per ticket - 5 people.
Bavarian ticket price table 2019
The table indicates the number of people (column 1), then - 2nd class, 1st class of carriage, then - Bavarian night ticket 2nd and 1st class of carriage.
We traveled for a long time and together, that is, our ticket costs only 27 euros for two, which, you see, is for the whole day, including intercity and even international travel (and we went to Salzburg) as much as possible. And if there were five of us, we would pay 23 euros + 4 people * 4 euros = 39 euros, which is about 8 euros per person.
Bavarian ticket for children
Children under 5 years old travel free of charge on any transport in Germany, and with a Bavarian ticket, the person whose name is on the ticket can travel for free with all their children from 6 to 14 years old.
A child under 14 years old can travel for free only if no more than 2 adults are included in the ticket!!! You cannot take a ticket for 3-4 adults and carry a child on it for free. In this case, the child must be entered on the ticket as an adult and paid for. The price for November 2018 is 27 euros, 4 euros are added for each subsequent passenger. Children should all be siblings. Two adult friends and, for example, two children can travel on a ticket only if these children are the children of one of these women. If these are two women, each with their own child, then it’s impossible. Children need to pay extra, just like adults. The fines are large, it’s better not to risk it. We took two tickets, each of which included 2 adults and 1 child traveling for free. We checked the tickets 2 times, the controller said that they did everything correctly. They did not require any documents confirming the relationship between mother and child.
Comment from user Irina (see below from 11/09/2018).
Rules for using a Bavarian ticket in 2019. What does a tourist need to know?
- Before using the ticket, be sure to enter the full name of the traveler(s) in the special field. Have documents with you so that the inspector can verify your name.
We entered both names, although a little lower than necessary - there is another line at the top.
- If you paid for your ticket with a plastic card, be sure to have it with you - the inspector may ask you to show it.
- Keep your ticket for the entire trip.
- There is no need to validate your ticket.
Where can you go with a Bavarian ticket?
Anywhere within Bavaria, as well as to some cities in Austria (Salzburg, Ulm, Kufstein). For example, we went:
- to Regensburg from Munich
Bavarian-Bohemian ticket
There is an “extended” version of the Bavarian ticket for visiting Czech Bohemia - Bayern-B?hmen-Ticket (Karlovy Vary, Cesky Krumlov and a number of other cities). The Bavarian-Bohemian ticket costs a little more; however, you cannot get to Prague on it.
So, what types of transport are covered by the Bavarian ticket?
- city transport (buses, trams, except express and sightseeing buses).
- metro (U-Bahn, symbolized by the letter U).
- electric trains (S-Bahn, designated by the letter S).
- regional trains marked RB, RE, M, ALEX, BOB and other local and regional trains. Attention, Bavarian ticket It does not work in high-speed trains and intercity trains ICE, IC, EC, D.
This is international high-speed train ICE- the Bavarian ticket does not apply to him.
How to get the train schedule covered by the Bavarian ticket, read. I made photo instructions. Also see: answers to frequently asked questions from tourists.
How to buy a Bavarian ticket?
It is very easy to buy a ticket in special machines Fahrkarten / Tickets, but I prepared it.
There are vending machines at all stations, in passages and other places in the city.