Istanbul landmarks of the Ottoman Empire. Beautiful Istanbul: photos of attractions with descriptions. Accommodation in Istanbul on the Asian side

Amazing and fabulous Istanbul is a bridge between two continents, a meeting place of Western and Eastern cultures and an invaluable historical heritage of all humanity. The location of the city is so favorable that human settlements flourished here long before the advent of our era. Ancient Byzantium, pompous Constantinople and brilliant Istanbul - all these are the names of one city lying on the picturesque banks of the Bosphorus.

In the city, tourists will be able to see the treasures of two cultures at once - Byzantine and Ottoman. The incomparable Hagia Sophia competes in beauty with the Blue Mosque, the centuries-old secrets of the Topkana Palace are safely kept behind powerful walls, and the city's oriental bazaars add color to the busy streets. This is all Istanbul: noisy, diverse and incomparable.

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What to see and where to go in Istanbul?

The most interesting and beautiful places for walks. Photos and brief description.

This unique historical monument is a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture, a symbol of the heyday of Christianity and a witness to the death of the Byzantine Empire. The cathedral was founded during the reign of Emperor Justinian in the 6th century AD. Over the 14 centuries of its existence, it was destroyed and devastated several times. After the conquest of Constantinople, the temple was converted into a mosque, destroying many Christian values. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Turkish authorities decided to assign Hagia Sophia the status of a museum.

Muslim temple erected under Sultan Ahmed I in the early XVII century. Rare and precious types of marble were used during construction. The architecture of the Blue Mosque is a harmonious combination of Ottoman and Byzantine styles, a brilliant project of Khoja Mimar Sinan Agha, who was deservedly nicknamed “the jeweler” by the people. The building is decorated big amount Iznik ceramic tiles of heavenly color, which is why it received the name “ Blue Mosque».

Another masterpiece of the architect Sinan, which became a symbol of the power of the Ottoman Empire. After construction was completed, the master predicted that the temple would stand forever. So far his prophecy is true - over four centuries the building has survived several dozen serious earthquakes and survived. Suleymaniye Mosque is the largest temple in Istanbul. This is a whole complex consisting of madrasahs, baths, a library, an observatory, and prayer rooms.

A strait on the Mediterranean Sea, where back in the 7th century BC. A small Greek settlement was formed. Over time, it turned into the city of Byzantium, and later into Constantinople. The bay got its name due to its shape, similar to an animal horn, and the incredible beauty of the coastal landscapes. The works of ancient Greek scientists also mention the name “Horn of Byzantium”. In past centuries, the bay was considered an important strategic site.

The Bosphorus Strait is the maritime border between the Asian and European parts of Turkey, it is often called the “soul of Istanbul”. Several picturesque bridges span the strait; magnificent Sultan's palaces, fortresses and ancient quarters stand on the banks. Istanbul cannot be imagined without the Bosphorus. This narrow strip of water has more than once become the subject of dispute between states and the arena of military clashes.

The prototype of the modern stone tower was a wooden Byzantine structure of the 6th century, built under Emperor Justinian. After the Turks conquered Byzantium in the 15th century, the tower was used as a lighthouse, fire tower and prison. The building is located on a hill, so it is clearly visible from the streets of Istanbul. From the observation deck of the tower you can admire the picturesque architecture of the city.

The Maiden Tower (Kyz Kulesi) was built in the waters of the Bosphorus on a small rocky island. It is believed that fortifications on this tiny piece of land dates back to 400 BC. during the war between Athens and Sparta. During Ottoman rule, a lighthouse was built on the island. The Maiden Tower managed to serve as a prison, an isolation ward, utility room for military and sailors, and an exhibition gallery. Since the end of the 20th century it has housed Observation deck and a restaurant.

A palace complex built during the reign of Sultan Abdulmecid I. The ruler wanted to surpass European rulers in luxury and size, so the palace turned out to be truly huge: its walls stretch 600 meters along the Bosphorus Strait, total area– 45 thousand m². After education Turkish Republic Ataturk settled on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire in Dolmabahçe. After his death, the palace became a museum.

The most famous and famous palace in Istanbul. Until the mid-19th century it was the main residence Ottoman sultans. The complex was built on the ruins of the palace of the Byzantine emperors by order of Mehmet the Conqueror in the 15th century. Topkani is divided into four parts. Each of them has separate entrances: the Gate of the Lord (service and official premises), the Gate of Greeting (office and treasury, the meeting room of the divan), the Gate of Bliss (inner chambers and harem).

A Baroque palace in the Asian part of Istanbul, built in the mid-19th century. The building was used as a summer residence for the Ottoman sultans. The interior decoration of the palace premises uses a mixture of Eastern and European traditions, which makes the interiors quite original. The layout is made in a typical Turkish style - courtyards, a separate pavilion for the harem and rooms for the hammam.

A powerful fort on the picturesque shore of the Bosphorus, built in the 15th century under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih. The defensive walls of the fortress were erected in just a few months. Rumelihisar was built specifically for the assault on Constantinople in order to cut off the city from the strait. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the fortress was used as a customs point. The restoration was carried out in the middle of the 20th century.

A picturesque palace and park complex on the coast of the Sea of ​​Marmara. First, on the site of the modern palace, a villa was built for the mother of Sultan Selim III. Yildiz is a building that embodies several architectural styles: European classics, baroque, oriental style. The palace is surrounded by a magnificent flowering park. Since 1994, a museum has been located on its territory.

A place where horse racing was held even during the Roman Empire 2 thousand years ago. During the era of Ottoman rule, the amphitheater on the square was dismantled, many of its fragments were used for the construction of the pearl of Istanbul - the Blue Mosque. On the square there are obelisks of the Byzantine emperors Constantine Porphyrogenitus and Theodosius, as well as an ancient Greek serpentine column.

central square historical district Beyoğlu. It separates the old quarters of Istanbul from the new and serves as an important transport hub cities. In the center of the square there is a monument erected in honor of the formation of the Turkish Republic. It consists of sculptures of military leaders Kemal Atatürk, Fevzi Çakmak, Mustafa, İsmet İnönü and other revolutionaries who contributed to the fall of the monarchy.

Pedestrian street connecting Taksim Square and Galat district. Once upon a time this alley was the central avenue of Constantinople. The name "Istiklal" is translated from Turkish as "independence". The spirit of freedom and independence truly reigns on the street. It is overrun with strolling tourists, nightclubs, restaurants and inexpensive eateries. Here, temples stand one meter apart from each other and street performers perform, and modern bars coexist with traditional Turkish shops.

An ancient temple in the Sultanahmet area, located in historical center Istanbul. It is believed that the church was built on the ruins ancient temple Aphrodite in the 4th century AD. e., thus, this temple is older than Hagia Sophia. Before the appearance of the Cathedral of St. Sophia, the Church of St. Irene was the main temple of Constantinople; the meeting of the Second Ecumenical Council under the leadership of Emperor Theodosius I took place here.

The Byzantine Church of Christ the Savior, also known as the Chora Monastery. The temple was founded in the 4th century AD. e., at that time he was outside the city wall of Constantinople. Inside the building, original Byzantine mosaics and frescoes from the 11th century have been preserved, which are of enormous cultural value. The Kariye Museum is located in an ordinary residential area, away from the main attractions.

A museum where unique archaeological finds narrating the history of human development. Many exhibits were preserved thanks to the export ban. historical monuments from the Ottoman Empire, which was introduced in 1884. The museum houses the very first peace treaty recorded in history. The complex includes three large buildings housing more than 1 million exhibits.

Istanbul cannot afford to lag behind European capitals, and therefore, like many of them, it has its own museum of modern art. The gallery was opened in 2004. This place hosts all kinds of exhibitions, author meetings and celebrations of contemporary artists. The room is equipped with the latest technology, so you can often see fashion installations here.

The park is located on the shore of the Golden Horn Bay. On its territory there are models of Turkish and world attractions, made in a ratio of 1:25. In total, Miniature contains more than a hundred different figures, including the Blue Mosque of Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, the Greek Temple of Artemis, and Topkani Palace. The park also has a miniature Railway, airport and seaport.

Surviving part ancient system water supply of Constantinople. The approximate date of construction of the aqueduct is 375 AD. The total length of the stone water pipeline was more than 550 km; the Valens aqueduct was a small section of 1.5 km that connected two neighboring city hills. In the 7th and 8th centuries. the structure was repaired. The aqueduct operated successfully until the 12th century, after which it was abandoned. Under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, it was again repaired and began to be used to deliver water to Topkapi.

An underground reservoir in the historical center of Istanbul, equipped at the beginning of the 4th century. The cistern served as a city water reservoir. Water was delivered here from the Belgrade Forest through a system of aqueducts. The ceiling of the reservoir is supported by rows of marble columns that were previously part of ancient temples. During the Ottoman rule, the cistern was not used; in 1987 it was cleaned and a museum was opened on the territory.

The defensive system of the Byzantine capital, preserved from the 5th century AD. It was built to protect the city from attacks by barbarian tribes. The walls have survived to this day in good condition, largely thanks to the Ottoman conquerors. After the conquest of Constantinople, they restored all the buildings. In the first half of the 20th century, the walls began to be dismantled, but in the 80s. a decision was made to restore.

Bridge over the Golden Horn Bay. The structure was built in the middle of the 19th century under the ruler Abdulmecid I. Another common name for the structure is “Valide Bridge”, since the Sultan’s mother took an active part in the construction. The bridge has gone through five reconstructions; in 2005, tram tracks were laid across it.

A modern suspension bridge over the Bosphorus, inaugurated in 1973 in the presence of the President and Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic. The structure is supported by two metal towers located approximately 1 km away. from each other. The total length of the bridge is 1560 meters. In the evening, multi-colored lights turn on, coloring the bridge in bright colors. During the busiest hours, the structure sags by 90 cm.

A grandiose project by German architects of the early 20th century. The station was supposed to become a major railway junction connecting the Ottoman Empire with Damascus, Cairo, Jerusalem and Medina. But History decreed otherwise - the empire fell, and Haydarpaşa was destined for a more modest role. The station now serves domestic eastern routes to the borders with Iran, Armenia and Syria.

A city park designed for walking and relaxing summer heat Istanbul. It is famous for its large number of pink flower beds, which have been preserved since the times of the Sultan. Gülhane was once part of the palace complex; only the ruler and courtiers had the right to walk in the park. IN late XIX centuries it was open to everyone. On the territory there is a large children's playground, a cafe, a small zoo and an aquarium.

Best shopping destination and sixth largest shopping mall in the world. There are about 400 shops, dozens of cafes and restaurants on 6 floors. As in leading European capitals, here you can find products from all the world’s most famous and popular brands, from affordable brands to designer houses. There is an amusement park in the underground part of the building.

A traditional oriental bazaar where sellers can communicate with buyers in many languages. Previously, goods brought from the East were sold here: spices, herbs, medicines. Nowadays, the bazaar is more oriented towards tourists, so a significant part of its area is occupied by souvenir shops. You can also buy interesting jewelry, dishes, fabrics and carpets, and oriental sweets here.

The largest indoor market in the world, covering an area of ​​3.7 thousand m². This is a whole “city within a city” with its own way of life, rhythm of life and laws. The bazaar consists of 66 streets and 4 thousand stalls and stores. There are mosques, a school, a bathhouse, a cafe, currency exchange offices and numerous warehouses. Every day the bazaar is visited by several tens of thousands of people. The trading platform appeared in the 15th century immediately after the capture of Constantinople on the site of the old Byzantine market.

The Bosphorus (“Istanbul Strait”) is a strait between Europe and Asia Minor, connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of ​​Marmara. On both sides of the strait stands Turkish city Istanbul. The strait provides access to Mediterranean Sea and the seas of most of Russia, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and southeastern Europe.

The strait extends 30 kilometers in length, its maximum width is 3700 meters, its minimum is 700 meters, and the depth of the strait reaches 80 meters. The Bosphorus is surrounded by many legends that have their own versions of the origin of the name of the strait. One of the most common is that the strait got its name thanks to the beautiful Io, which Zeus turned into a white cow. The unfortunate girl jumped into the water, which has since been called the “cow ford” or the Bosphorus.

The banks of the Bosphorus are connected by the Bosphorus Bridge, which is more than 1,000 meters long, and the Sultan Mehmed Fatih Bridge, which is 1,090 meters long. There are also plans to build a third road bridge length 1,275 meters.

Blue Mosque

Sultan Ahmed started building this mosque when he was 19 years old. The act is not of a boy, but of a husband! By that time, the Ottoman Empire had lost the war to Austria, and Ahmed, stung by the defeat of the country he loved, decided to build a mosque in order to appease Allah. The predecessors of Ahmed I built mosques with funds received during the wars, but here the young Sultan was not very lucky. He was not lucky enough to win a single decent war, and had to build with his own money, that is, with the money of the Sultan’s treasury.

As the legend says, the Sultan was also unlucky with the architect - instead of four golden (altyn) minarets, he swung to six (alty) at once. Apparently, I misheard when receiving the assignment. The legend is mysteriously silent about what happened to the architect after this, but the mosque turned out great! Jokes aside, the interior decoration, decorated with stone and marble, as well as white and blue handmade tiles, thanks to which the mosque got its name, really amazes the imagination!

The architectural complex within which it was built also includes madrassas, charitable institutions, kitchens and the mausoleum in which Ahmed I is buried, and all together they deserve the closest attention not only of a devout Muslim, but also of a person in general who loves and appreciates beauty.

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Topkapi Palace

The Topkapi Palace complex was built between 1459 and 1478 and was intended for Sultan Mehmed II

The palace is divided into four courtyards, which in turn are separated from each other by gates that have symbolic names. The main Imperial Gate leads to the First Court. On the territory of the First Courtyard there is also the Church of St. Irene, Archaeological Museum, the old imperial mint, as well as many fountains, gardens and pavilions.

The territory of the Second Court can be entered through the Gate of Greetings, which is enormous in size. This courtyard is a park surrounded by the palace hospital, bakery, stables and the imperial harem. The Third Court can be reached through the Gate of Happiness. This Court can rightfully be called the heart of the entire imperial palace, since lush flowering gardens are spread out on its territory. Here is also the Hall of the Privy Chamber, in which the emperor's imperial servants met. There is a harem in the Third Courtyard, as well as several pavilions, one of which houses the library of Ahmed III. The fourth courtyard of the Topkapi Palace, where there are several pavilions and terraces, was the personal garden of the Sultan.

The main pride of the museum is a huge collection of treasures accumulated over the 470 years of the reign of the sultans of the Ottoman dynasty. When Turkey became a republic in 1923, all valuables became the property of the state and were placed on public display in Topkapi Palace. There are treasures received as gifts from foreign ambassadors, works of art and applied art created by court craftsmen, and trophies captured during wars.

The Maiden, or Leandrova, Tower - indeed amazing building, located on a small island in the capital's Yusküdar district. There are many secrets and mysteries surrounding it, but one thing is certain - the existence of the Maiden Tower dates back hundreds of years.

No one knows the exact date of construction of the tower, but, according to some sources, the history of this building dates back to the 4th century BC. e. One of the legends associated with the tower tells of a young man named Leander who fell in love with Hero, a priestess of the goddess Aphrodite. Every day he swam across the strait, guided by the fire that Gero lit on the tower. But one day the wind extinguished the flame, and Leander drowned, having lost his way. Out of grief, Gero threw herself from the Maiden Tower... When the city was conquered by the Turks, old tower They demolished and built a wooden one, but it burned down in 1719. Six years later, the stone Maiden Tower was rebuilt, and in 1857 a lighthouse was placed here.

Over the years, the tower has served as a watchtower, a place for collecting taxes from ships, a radio station, a lighthouse, and even a quarantine facility during a cholera epidemic. Now it houses a wonderful restaurant and offers magnificent views of Istanbul.

Princes' Islands

A group of islands in the Sea of ​​Marmara near Istanbul. They take their name from the frequent visits of Byzantine princes. Today, the Princes' Islands are one of the favorite vacation spots of modern Turkish princes; the islands are built up with luxurious mansions. The Nautical School is located on the island of Heybeli Ada. Most big Island Buyuk Ada. Car traffic is prohibited on the island; you can move around on foot, by bicycle (can be rented) or by chaise (horse-drawn transport). Fabulous green Island, perfect place for walking, which can be reached in an hour or two from Istanbul.

After being expelled from the USSR, Leon Trotsky lived for four years.

Galata Tower

The Galata Tower is another symbol of Istanbul. It is located on the high Galata hill in the European part. It can be seen from almost anywhere in the city.

It is known that there was a tower on Galata Hill back in the 5th century, when it was used as a pendulum. However, the tower, which has survived to this day, was built in 1348-1349.

Today the Galata Tower is the most important architectural monument. In addition to its historical value, tourists are also attracted by the magnificent view that opens from the terrace of the Galata Tower. You can climb the tower by stairs, which have 143 steps, or by elevator. On the territory of the tower there are cafes and restaurants that welcome guests from morning to night.

Dolmabahce Palace

Dolmabahce Palace is on that must-see list historical places Istanbul is a must-see. Luxurious palace Dolmabahce is located in the Besiktas region on the banks of the Bosphorus. The architecture of the palace corresponds to the Baroque style. This is a symbol of the decline of the great Ottoman Empire.

Construction of Dolmabahce Palace began in 1843 according to the design of famous architects Balyan. The initiator of the construction was the padishah of the Ottoman Empire Abdul Mejit. The name "Dolmabahce" appeared for a reason. The reason for this was the peculiarities of the place where it was built. For a long time, there was a bay in this place where warships of the Ottoman Empire stopped. In the 17th century, the bay was filled with earth and a garden was built for the padishahs. They called this garden Hasbahce. Subsequently, a wooden palace was built on this territory, which became the predecessor of Dolmabahce (“dolma” - heaped, “bahce” - garden). President Ataturk repeatedly stayed in this residence and received foreign guests.

Now all hours are architectural complex show the same time - 9.05, because it was at this moment in the now distant 1938 that the heart of the First President of the Turkish state stopped...

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Museum of Calligraphy

A unique museum of its kind, it is the only calligraphy museum in Turkey. It is located in the building of the former madrasah of the Bayazit mosque, where the municipal library was previously located. By the way, the customer of the mosque, Sultan Bayazit II, was himself a passionate lover of calligraphy.

Istanbul has long been known as the capital of Islamic calligraphy, and the presence of this museum has only strengthened this reputation. IN rich collection The museum has everything related to calligraphic art: handwritten Korans written in Nesih, Muhaqqaq and Kufi scripts, manuscripts in Moroccan and Hindu languages, seals, tablets, samples, hilye (these are works that describe the properties of the Prophet Muhammad) and numerous miniatures with depicting, in particular, Medina, Muzdalifa and Mina. Other sacred relics include the veil of the Kaaba, soil from the grave of the prophet, sakal and sherif (the beard of the prophet) and many other exhibits of religious value. The museum also displays examples of calligraphic works by the Turkish sultans Abdulmecid, Mahmud II and Ahmed III, who were themselves fond of calligraphy.

Istanbul is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The abundance of historical monuments, magnificent palaces, ancient mosques, coupled with a mild subarctic climate and an atmosphere permeated with notes of oriental exoticism, make it incredibly attractive for tourists.

Istanbul is surrounded from the north and south by the Black and Marmara seas, and The Bosphorus Strait divides the city across into the Asian, or Anatolian, and younger, European parts. According to 2011 data, the population of the city, together with residents of the suburbs, is almost 13.5 million people.

The tourist mecca for newcomers is mainly the areas of the European part of the city. Ilche ​​(municipal areas) are especially popular among visitors. Fatih and Beyoglu.

1. On the territory of Fatih, the center of ancient Constantinople, there are Topkapi Palace, Suleymaniye Mosque, Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia, Basilica Cistern.
2. Beyoglu, also known as Pera, is famous for Taksim Square, Istiklal Street, Galata Tower, many mosques, synagogues and Christian churches.

1 Turkish lira (TL) = $0.30

That is why those who come to Istanbul for the first time are recommended to stay within their borders: in hotels near Sultanahmet, Laleli, Gulhane or Aksaray stations, close to the most important attractions.

The city's attractions

Interesting and beautiful places There are a lot of places in Turkey where every tourist wants to go. We have prepared small guide to Istanbul with the most significant attractions that you must visit. Photos and descriptions are attached to each object.

It’s unlikely that you’ll be able to see the whole city in 3-5 days, but most beauty can still be seen.

Sultanahmet Meydani is the key square of Istanbul; getting here is not difficult even for an inexperienced tourist.

Or Hagia Sophia (Aysofya Meydani), a wonderful monument of Byzantine architecture. Its construction was completed in 537. For almost a thousand years, the temple remained the largest Christian shrine.

In 1453, it remained perhaps the only undestroyed cathedral in Constantinople captured by the Turks. Sultan Mahmed Fatih the Conqueror ordered it to be converted into the Hagia Sophia Mosque, and later four minarets were added to the main building. After the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist, Hagia Sophia opened its doors to visitors as a museum.

Hagia Sophia is visible to everyone who arrives at Sultanahmet Square. He open to the public daily, from April 15 to the end of September, open from 9:00 to 19:00, during the rest of the year - from 9:00 to 17:00.

Ticket price: 40TL.

(Sultanahmet Camii), or Blue Mosque, according to the plan of Sultan Ahmet I, who ordered its construction, should surpass in size and outshine Hagia Sophia, which stands opposite. Construction lasted seven years and was completed by 1616, causing a scandal in religious circles: due to a misunderstanding, six minarets were built, like the main shrine in Mecca, instead of four.

It is free to visit and is open daily from 9:00 to 17:30. Please note that tourists are not allowed inside during prayers; It is also necessary to comply with the dress code: no exposed shoulders, bellies or knees; women must wear a headdress.

Before entering the mosque, you must take off your shoes and put them in a bag.

Basilica Cistern, or Yerebatan Sarnici, former reservoir in the center of Istanbul, can hold up to one hundred thousand tons of water. It was built by the Byzantines to use water during long sieges of the city. Since 1987, the place has been transformed into an unusual museum.

The traveler goes down the stairs and finds himself in a echoing spacious hall filled with rows of antique columns supporting the ceiling. To move around the hall, wooden flooring was built: the floor is hidden by water flowing into the dungeon; fish splash in it and the light is mirrored, illuminating the columns. Thanks to excellent acoustics, classical music concerts are held here.

The entrance to the Basilica is a small pavilion - easy to find near Hagia Sophia. The museum is open in summer from 9:00 to 18:30, in winter - an hour shorter.

Ticket price: 20TL.

Topkapi and Gulhane Park

The next metro station after Sultanahmet is Gulhane, where those wishing to visit Topkapi Palace get off, which served as the residence of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire before the construction of Dolmabehce, that is, from 1540 to the mid-19th century.

In 1923, by order of Ataturk, the palace began to be used as a museum. Topkapi is incredibly popular among tourists. Who isn’t interested in looking at the private quarters of the sultans of their harem?

A ticket to the palace costs 40TL, together with a tour of the harem - 65TL.

IN summer time Topkapi is open from 9:00 to 19:00, in winter - from 9:00 to 17:00.

Through Topkapi Palace you can get to another interesting place - Gulhane Park(Gulhane Parki). It is especially interesting in April, when thousands of tulips are blooming. In summer, pink bushes will delight the eye. During the reconstruction of the park in 2003, 80,000 rose seedlings were planted here!

If you follow the dark blue metro line further from Gulhane and exit at Eminenu, you will only have to walk a couple of steps to the stunning Suleymaniye Camil Mosque with its austere luxury. The complex not only amazes with its mesmerizing beauty, but also amazes with the durability of its structure. Sulaymaniyah has withstood 89 major earthquakes!

Sulaymaniyah is open from 9:00 to 17:00, every day except Friday. Best time for visiting - from 9:00 to 12:30 and from 13:45 to 15:45.

As in any mosque, non-believers are not allowed inside during prayers.

Beyoglu Main Square

A visit to the Beyoğlu region begins from Taksim Meydani Square. Despite its peaceful name (“taksim” translates as “division”), the spirit of revolution hovers over the square. Here, at the foot of the monument in honor of the proclamation of Turkey as a Republic, the political life cities. It is on Taksim that demonstrations and rallies take place.

In addition to its important historical role in the life of the city, Taksim is a transport hub. Many bus routes pass through the square, there is one of the metro stations and an underground boiler line connecting Taksim with the Cabotage pier.

1. Getting to Taksim Square from Sabiha Gokcen Airport The easiest way is by Havatash buses. The trip will take 1.5 hours excluding traffic jams.
2. From Ataturk Airport There are also regular bus services to Taksim. Another convenient way to get there is to take the metro at Havaliman station, follow the red line to Yenikapi station, where you need to change to the green line, going directly to Taksim.

From Taksim you can take the retro tram to the Odakule stop. Here visitors can get acquainted with the private art museum of Pera, opened under the patronage of the influential Kirach family. The museum is located on the top five floors of the former Bristol Hotel. Visitors celebrate Refined taste in the preparation of exhibitions by staff, as well as a comfortable intimate atmosphere. The museum has a souvenir shop and a cozy cafe. According to legend, intelligence agents from all countries participating in World War II stayed at the former hotel.

The museum is open every day except Mondays and on the first days of major religious holidays. From Tuesday to Saturday: from 12:00 to 8:00, on Sunday: from 12:00 to 18:00.

Ticket price: 20TL, for beneficiaries -10TL. On Fridays from 8:00 to 22:00 admission is free.

Dolmabahce - a masterpiece of Turkish Baroque

Dolmabahce Palace, now a museum, was built from 1842 to 1853. By the 19th century, representatives of the nobility of the Ottoman Empire developed a certain interest in the achievements of the West. Sultan Abdulmecid 1 wished that the new palace complex performed in a modern and brilliant Baroque style. The construction of the complex cost the Sultan a tidy sum: 14 tons of gold were spent on finishing the interiors! Among other things, the walls of the palace were decorated with paintings by Ivan Aivazovsky.

You can come and see how the last sultans lived on any day except Monday and Thursday. The museum is open from 9:00 to 16:00.

Independent inspection of the museum's exhibition is completely excluded - only in groups accompanied by a guide. The cost of a full excursion ticket will be 40TL, a separate visit to selamlika (the male part) and the harem will cost 30TL and 20TL respectively.

You can find the palace museum a 10-minute walk from the pier and the Kabatash metro station of the same name, moving along coastline Bosphorus away from the center.

About the Anatolian part of Istanbul

Those who are visiting Istanbul not for the first time will be interested in visiting it Asian, Anatolian, part. First of all, the Kadikoy district, where the tart authentic atmosphere has been preserved eastern city. From the European part people arrive here by boat or by Havatas minibus from Sabiha Gokcen Airport.

The first settlements on the site of Kadikoy were founded by the Dorians in 608 BC, so this area is the oldest in Istanbul. Experienced travelers recommend taking a walk along the streets of Sogultu Cesme, ending with Altiyol Square with famous statue Byku (by Jules Bonheur), Ali Suavi (Craftsmen Street), which fully lives up to its name with many shops and workshops. And, of course, you can’t miss getting to know Moda Street, popular with local bohemians.

In other areas of the Asian part there are not as many attractions as in the European part; the influence of Western culture is felt. In addition to Kadikoy, tourists will certainly be interested in Princes' Islands(Adalar), once a place of exile for nobles disliked by the court, and today a place with a developed club infrastructure.

Istanbul Map

Several maps necessary for tourists (clickable):

City map with attractions

Map in Russian

Istanbul metro map

Watch the video, where you will find even more attractions of Istanbul:

Today we will have a busy and very exciting walk along one of the most beautiful cities Turkey. We will tell you about the most popular attractions of Istanbul, which will tell you better than any guide about the history of this unique city. The walk promises to be eventful and very exciting.

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The starting station of the Istanbul-Baghdad railway. It is located in the Kadikoy district, on the Asian side of Istanbul. Construction of the station building began on May 30, 1906 and was completed on August 19, 1908. The official opening took place on November 4, 1909.

The complex was built by a German company in the neo-Renaissance style. In addition, the Germans built a breakwater transshipment complex, where wagons from Asia were reloaded onto merchant ships and ferries. The structure was a gift from Emperor William II to Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Haydarpaşa Station was damaged and repaired three times. The first time was in 1917, when a fire broke out at an ammunition depot. On November 15, 1979, a dry cargo ship and a tanker collided 800 meters from the station. The explosions and fire that occurred as a result of the accident caused serious damage to the train harbor building. Its renovation was completely completed in 1983. On November 28, 2010, a fire broke out on the roof of the structure and it collapsed. Restoration work after this incident lasted about a year.

Due to preparations for the Istanbul-Ankara express train, the Istanbul-Eskisehir railway and Haydarpasa Station were not operating from February 1, 2012 to February 1, 2014. The operation of the harbor for trains at this time was supported by the station's technical services. Near the station there is a mosque of the same name for railway workers. It was built on the site of a Gregorian church destroyed in 1874. The temple is decorated in Baroque style and is decorated with 2 minarets. Boats that carry passengers across the Bosphorus dock at the pier near the station. Car ferries on the Ilyichevsk-Istanbul line are also unloaded at the pier. You can get to Hadarpasa Station by boat from the Bostanci, Yenikapi and Kadikoy piers, as well as by metro line M4 (stop “Ayrılıkçeşme”).

The Galata Tower is a landmark that can be seen from anywhere in Istanbul. It was built on the hill of the same name in the 14th century. The building was built by the Genoese, who inhabited one of the districts of Constantinople. At the time of completion, the Galata Tower was the largest building in the Byzantine capital. At the beginning of the 16th century, Galata was used as a prison for Christian prisoners of war, and in the middle of the century, an astronomical observatory was located on its upper platform. In 1578 the latter was closed. In 1632, the scientist Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi made wings similar to those of an eagle and jumped from the tower. He flew across the Bosphorus Strait and landed on the ground in the Asian part of Istanbul. The Sultan first rewarded the daredevil, and later sent him to Algeria. The flight generated enormous interest in Europe. It was repeatedly painted by the best artists of the Old World.

The tower was repaired in 1791, 1832 and 1875. It housed an observation post from which soldiers monitored the occurrence of fires and unrest in the European part of Istanbul. In 1964-1967, Galata underwent restoration and acquired a modern appearance; a dome was erected on its top. In the early 2000s, an elevator was built in the building. Several dozen people committed suicide from the walls of the tower.

Features of the structure:

• Height – 69.9 meters
• Wall thickness – 3.75 meters
• Outside diameter – 16.45 meters
• Weight (according to calculations) – about 1000 tons

The following people work in the Galata Tower:

• Museum
• Night club
• Restaurant

The museum is open from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. The cost of visiting the institution is 25 liras ($8). It includes ascent and descent by elevator to the observation deck of the building. Within a radius of 100 meters from the building there are several dozen accommodation and catering establishments. You can get to the Galata Tower on foot or by car. A funicular runs from the old town of Sultanahmet to Meshrutiyet Street (200 m from the building). The Sishane station of the M2 line of the Istanbul metro is also located there.

Or, as it is also called, the mosque of Sultan Akhmet. It was built in 1609-1616 by order of the 14th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He allocated money for the construction from his treasury. To build the mosque, several palaces of the highest dignitaries of the state were destroyed and Grand Palace Byzantine emperors. The architecture of the temple is a combination of the best features of the Ottoman and Byzantine styles. The domes of the mosque are decorated with sky-colored tiles. For this design it is called blue. Special details of the temple are 6 minarets. 4 of them are oriented to the cardinal points, and 2 are located in the outer courtyard of the building. More towers built only near the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca.

The interiors of Sultanahmet are decorated with floral patterns. The central hall of the structure is 53 meters long and 51 meters wide. The dome above it has a diameter of 23.5 meters. In a niche of the wall, which faces Mecca, a black stone from the holy city for Muslims is kept. In the western part of the mosque there is a special entrance for the Sultan with a chain. The bow that the ruler made in order to pass under it symbolized his insignificance before God. A mosque is a whole complex of buildings. Its buildings house a temple, primary and religious schools, a nursing home, the tomb of Sultan Ahmet, baths, shops, and fountains. Part of the premises of the building is rented out to private enterprises.

Over its 400-year history, the mosque has repeatedly suffered damage from fires and civil unrest. Each time, the rulers of Turkey allocated money for its restoration. In 1826, the temple housed the headquarters of the Grand Vizier, who suppressed the Janissary uprising and liquidated the Janissary corps. The mosque is open to the public from 8:30 to 12:30, from 14:00 to 16:45 and from 17:45 to 18:30 daily. On Fridays (a day off for Muslims) the mosque is closed. The rest of the time, Sultanahmet functions as a temple. Entrance to the mosque is always free. You can get to the building by light rail T1 lines. You need to get off at the Sultanahmet stop.

A complex of buildings that for 380 years was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire and the residence of its powerful rulers. 25 sultans lived in it. In 1854, Sultan Abdulmecid I moved to Dolmabahce Palace. In 1923, by order of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the residence of the head of state was moved from Topkapi to Yildiz Palace. At the same time, a museum was created in the complex. The total number of its exhibits exceeds 600,000 items. Construction of the palace began in 1465 by order of Sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of Istanbul. Each ruler who lived in the residence rebuilt it and added new elements and decorations to its design. The palace is a mixture of several architectural styles that developed in the 15th-19th centuries.

Topkapi consists of 4 gates and courtyards, each of which represents a separate complex of structures. In the first of them - the overlord's gate - there were service premises. In the second, the gate of welcome, there was a divan (cabinet of ministers) and the treasury, in the third, the gate of happiness, there was a harem, the Sultan’s bedchamber and an elite school of leaders, in the fourth, religious and auxiliary buildings were erected - a mosque, a circumcision pavilion, a dressing room. Tickets to the palace and harem cost 40 liras ($13). Only for the harem - 25 liras ($8). The museum is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. in the summer (April 15–October 30) and from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the winter (October 30–April 15). Ticket sales end one hour before the establishment closes. There are 2 cafes and 1 restaurant on the complex. There are several bookstores near the building. They sell scientific works and works of art that are dedicated to Topkapi. The palace is located on Cape Sarayburnu, at the junction of the Golden Horn Bay with the Sea of ​​Marmara. The T1 tram line runs to the Gulhane stop, which is 100 meters from the museum entrance. 1 km from the complex is located Train Station Sikerji.

The most famous building in Istanbul. The architects of Kievan Rus tried to copy it several times and Russian Empire. The architectural solutions used in the construction of the cathedral are still used today. Since 1985, Hagia Sophia has been included in the UNESCO heritage list. The temple was erected in the middle of the 6th century AD by order of Emperor Constantine. To build the structure, the best materials were brought from all over the Byzantine Empire. Marble and columns were taken from the ruins of ancient cities in Syria, Egypt, Athos and North Africa. At the Council of St. Sophia, in 1054, the legates of the Pope announced the deposition of the Patriarch of Constantinople, Kirularius, which split the Christian Church into Orthodox and Catholic.

Until 1204, the Shroud of Turin was kept in the temple - a piece of cloth in which the body of Christ was wrapped after the crucifixion. After the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the shrine disappeared without a trace and was found only 150 years later. In 1453, after the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, the cathedral was turned into a mosque and for about 100 years it was the main temple of the capital of the Ottoman Empire. In accordance with the Islamic prohibition on depicting people, the frescoes and mosaics were covered with plaster. It is thanks to this that they have survived to this day and now delight the eyes of visitors to the building. A small room for Muslim prayers still operates there.

In 1935, Hagia Sophia was declared a museum. From April 15 to October 25 it is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.; from October 25 to April 15, the institution is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The entrance ticket costs 40 liras ($13). Ticket sales close one hour before the museum closes. It is better to queue for the museum in advance, since tens and hundreds of thousands of tourists want to see the attraction. To get to Hagia Sophia you need to take the T1 tram and get to the Sultanahmet stop. From there, walk about 200 meters to the temple.

The main square of the second most important city in Turkey. Since the 4th century AD, it has housed a hippodrome - a place for horse racing, chariot races, athletic competitions and gladiator battles. Its length was 400 meters and width 150. The structure could accommodate about 100,000 spectators. The stadium was decorated with a quadriga made of gilded bronze. After the sack of Constantinople by the knights in 1204, it was taken to the Cathedral of Santo Marco in Venice, where it is still kept. Among other ceremonial events, the circumcision of the sons of Suleiman the Magnificent and Roksolana Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska took place at the hippodrome. The hippodrome was finally destroyed in the 17th century. The structure was depicted on the 500 lira banknotes, which were in circulation from 1953 to 1976.

There are 3 monuments on the square: the snake column, the obelisk of Constantine and the German fountain. The first is a symbol of the victory of the Greeks over the Persians in the 5th century BC. The second was erected in honor of Emperor Basil I by his grandson Constantine VII. The column has a height of 21 meters. According to the chronicles, it was lined with sheets of copper that were stolen by the crusading knights. The fountain is a gift from the German Emperor Wilhelm. The inside is decorated with golden mosaics and monograms of the rulers of Germany and Turkey. In 1826, the Janissaries were executed on Sultanahmet Square, who, like the Streltsy in Russia, rebelled against the reforms of their ruler. It was also the site of the uprising that led to the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1909. In 1950-1951, excavations were carried out on the territory of the former hippodrome. During the research, many exhibits from the Byzantine and early period Ottoman Empires. You can see them in the museums of Istanbul. Sultanahmet Square is located in the district of the same name, in the historical center of Istanbul. Near it there is a tram stop on the T1 line.

It was built in 1861-1865 by Armenian architects Agop and Sarkis Balyan. The name of the building translated means “lord of the lords.” The title Beylerbey was awarded only to the best commanders, naval commanders and governors of Turkey. Beylerbey was designed by Sarkis Balyan in the style of the second French Empire. The palace seems quite modest compared to the chambers of Dolmabahce or Kucuksu. One of the most beautiful decorations of Beylerbey is the reception hall with a swimming pool and fountain. Cold water in it plays the role of a thirst quencher, a natural air conditioner and an interior detail. Egyptian reed mats and hereke-type carpets were used as floor coverings. The palace is equipped with Bohemian crystal chandeliers. Along the alleys of the garden there are Japanese, Chinese, and Turkish porcelain vases.

It is better to look at the palace from the Bosphorus during a boat ride. From there you can see 2 bathing pavilions of the complex: women's and men's. They are decorated with floral designs in Turkish style. The palace was used to accommodate guests of the rulers of Turkey. In 1869, the Empress of France Eugenie visited it. She was delighted by the elegance of the building's interiors and how skillfully the architects and designers created a replica of her bedroom from the Tuileries Castle. In the building, the Empress met with the Valide (mother of the Sultan). The Duke and Duchess of Windsor also visited Beylerbey. Sultan Abdul Hamid II was held and died in the castle in 1912-1918.

The palace is open every day except Mondays and Thursdays from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Entrance ticket to the complex costs 20 liras ($7). Near the palace there is a pier to which Bosphorus line 1 ferries run.

It was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire in 1853-1889 and 1909-1922. Dolmabahce is the first Sultan's palace, built in European style. It took 11 years to build, from 1842 to 1953. The main architect of the structure is Armenian Karabet Balyan. The cost of the palace was equal to the price of 35 tons of gold (approximately 1 billion 180 million dollars in modern money). For construction, materials were brought from all over the world. Marble - from the island of Marmara, alabaster - from Egypt, porphyry - from Pergamon. The total area of ​​the structure is 45,000 m2. It has 285 rooms, 46 corridors, 6 baths, 68 toilets and 1427 windows.

The main decoration of the palace is a huge crystal chandelier with 750 candles weighing 4 tons. It was presented by the English Queen Victoria. The palace houses the world's largest collection of candle chandeliers.

There is also a Russian trace in Dolmabahce. There is a skin hanging on one of its walls polar bear, which the Turks repainted brown to protect it from dust. Ivan Aivazovsky painted 40 Bosphorus landscapes for the palace. In addition to money, the artist’s reward was the Order of Osman, the highest award of the empire. 8 sultans of the Ottoman Empire lived and worked in Dolmabahce Palace. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk also lived there. The bed on which the reformer died on November 10, 1938 is still kept in the building. She is an object of worship for most Turkish citizens. All chronometers in the building show the time of his death - 9 hours 5 minutes in the morning. In 1887, German Emperor Wilhelm II visited Dolmabahce Palace.

The palace is open to the public every day except Mondays and Thursdays, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The cost of a ticket to visit all premises of the structure is 40 liras (13 dollars), for a visit to the harem - 20 liras (6.5 dollars), to enter individual pavilions - 5-10 liras (1.7-3.3 dollars). You can get to the palace by funicular (Macka station) or by ferry (Bes?ktas pier).

The building is on a small island in the Bosphorus, near the Uskudar district of the Asian part of Istanbul. It is one of the symbols of the city. There are legends associated with both tower names. According to one of them, the young man Leander swam across the Bosphorus every night and found his way through the fire that the girl Gero lit. One day the wind blew out the flame and Leander died. In the morning, Gero saw his body and jumped from the tower so that she could always be with her beloved. According to a Turkish legend, there once lived a good sultan who performed 5 obligatory and 5 additional prayers every day. A dervish who appeared in a dream told the ruler that his beloved odalisque would soon give him a daughter and the girl would be bitten by a snake. The wanderer advised the Sultan to build a tower in the Bosphorus, on which his daughter would be safe. The Persian prince, who wanted to marry her, turned to the flower seller. The Sultan agreed to show the plants to the girl, on the condition that he deliver them to the merchant’s daughter. The prince changed into women's clothes and presented a bouquet to the beauty. But a snake crawled out of the flowers and bit the girl. The Persian fell to his beloved's wound and sucked out the poison. As a reward, he received permission from the Sultan for the wedding.

The Maiden Tower is depicted in Aivazovsky’s painting “View of the Leander Tower in Constantinople” and the 10 lire banknote, which was in circulation in 1966-1981. The Maiden Tower was built during the Byzantine Empire as a small fort at the entrance to the Golden Horn harbour. Over its long history, it was used as a lighthouse, a prison, and an isolation ward for the sick. More than once the building burned out and was destroyed by earthquakes. But there was always a nobleman who gave money to restore the building. In 1999, the tower was reconstructed and opened to tourists. Now it houses a restaurant, an observation deck and a souvenir shop. Boats run from the Katabash and Yusküdar piers to the tower.

A majestic and beautiful mosque on the third of the seven hills of Istanbul, the first in area and the second in importance in the city. It was erected in 1550-1557 by order of the 10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman the Magnificent. The mosque was named after him. The construction was supervised by the best architect of his time - Sinan-aga. As a reward for the construction of the building, he received a golden key - a symbol of the ruler’s trust. The mosque is surrounded by 4 minarets. They show that Suleiman is the 4th sultan after the conquest of Istanbul. 10 balconies were built on the towers, since Suleiman is the 10th sultan in the Ottoman dynasty. According to one legend, the Persian Shah Tahmasp sent precious stones for the construction of the mosque, but Sinan embedded them in the base of one of the minarets.

The mosque is 57 meters wide and 60 meters long. Its total area is 4500 m2. This is enough to accommodate more than 5,000 people during prayer. The complex of temple buildings includes a hammam, a theological school, a caravanserai, and a medical school. On the south (facing Mecca) side of the mosque there is a fountain for ablution before prayer. Inside the mosque there is a mihrab, a marble niche for singers and plaques with the names of prominent Muslims. The temple has excellent acoustics and the voice of the imam, who leads the sermon, can be clearly heard in any corner of the temple.

At the rear of the complex of buildings there is a cemetery. The nobles of the Ottoman Empire are buried there. The most beautiful tombs of the necropolis are the sarcophagi of Suleiman the Magnificent, his wife Roksolana and their daughter Mikhrimah. The tombs were decorated with emeralds, Roksolana’s favorite stones, and forgotten rubies, Suleiman’s favorite crystals. The mosque is open for tourists from 9:00 to 12:30 and from 13:45 to 15:45 on all days of the week except Friday. For Muslim believers, the temple is open daily from 9:00 to 17:30. Entrance to the building is free. A 5-minute walk from the temple is the “Eminonu” stop on the T1 tram line.

Hammam Hurrem Sultan

The traditional bath complex of Turkey is built according to the classical requirements of Ottoman bath architecture. The attraction is considered the most popular bath complex in Istanbul. It was built in 1557 by order of Sultan Suleiman to his beloved wife Hurrem (Roksolana). The building has three departments: hot room (hararet 50° with gebektashi marble floor), rest room, massage rooms, VIP rooms. Two departments function independently: men's and women's, with separate entrances (they are a mirror image).

The interior decoration of the hammam amazes with its beauty and luxury. After restoration (the bathhouse served for a long time for other, unusual purposes), anyone can visit it by reserving a place in advance (in the future, this money will be included in the payment for the procedures). You can get to Hurem Hammam by tram to the Sultanahmet stop.

Ibrahim Pasha Palace

The palace, reminiscent of an ancient defensive structure, amazes with its grandeur, mystery, permeated with the historical spirit Ottoman Empire, the life of the famous Sultan and his vizier Ibrahim Pasha. Initially, the building belonged to Suleiman, who owned colossal wealth and power. Suleiman's closest childhood friend, the husband of Suleiman's sister, was worthy of a priceless gift. The fate of the chief vizier led to a change in the owners of the palace and its purpose (prison, sewing workshops, barracks).

The building was restored in 1983. The Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art is located here. The exhibitions include ancient manuscripts, treasures, and handicrafts (carpets, clothing, jewelry). Household items made of ceramics, wood, and precious metals. The palace is located at Sultanahmet district, At Meydani, 46.

Mihrimah Sultan Mosque

In this building, the love of the great Sultan, the beauty, the greatness of the spiritual qualities of an amazing woman (second only to the famous Roksolana) were frozen forever. On the highest point of Istanbul (Sixth Hill) a building appeared, built by the famous architect Sinan (who was in love with Mihrimah). It became a symbol of medieval architecture, reflecting the “golden age” of the empire. The mosque, penetrated by the sun, amazes with its lightness and grace created by numerous stained glass windows.

The ensemble includes the main building, a madrasah, a hammam, several shops, a turbe, a courtyard with a fountain for ablution, and a single minaret. Opposite the mosque there is a building of the same name in Usküdar. Once a year (on Mihrimah's birthday on March 21), at the moment the sun sets behind the minaret of the mosque, the moon appears, rising from behind another minaret. There is a health center here, and the tombs of the sons of Mikhrimah have been preserved. You can get there by bus or metro.

Shehzade Mosque

This amazing building is often called an architectural perfection created by the famous Sinan. In beauty and grandeur it is not inferior to the Blue Mosque of the city. For the first time during the construction of a mosque, the idea of ​​a composite dome was realized. The building stands on four pedestals, covered with a dome supported by other (smaller) four domes. The goal of architectural innovation was to create a room flooded with bright sunlight. A new technique for decorating a mosque was the use of facial painting.

The mosque rises on one of the hills of the city. The front facade of the mosque faces the Golden Horn. Two minarets are decorated with patterns. Under the foundation there is a swimming pool, which helps create the desired temperature in the building. The interior decoration is made of tiles in beautiful light colors. The mosque (a symbol of grief) was built in 1548 and is located in the historical center of Istanbul.

Basilica Cistern

Among the attractions of Istanbul, the buildings left by the Turkish invaders of Constantinople, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire, are famous for their wealth and beauty. You can plunge into the ancient atmosphere of the city, created before this period, in the amazing underground kingdom of the Basilica Cistern. In ancient times, the Greeks created more than 100 underground water reservoirs, the lifeblood of their cities. Now 40 of them have been restored near Istanbul. The Basilica Cistern is located at a depth of about 12 m on the site of the ancient Basilica of Hagia Sophia (built in 532).

Water entered the tank through ancient aqueducts. Many times the storage facility is forgotten. It has always been revived, and the last restoration in 1987 turned it into interesting museum cities. Here you can plunge into the secrets of Byzantine architecture, feel the magical power of an amazing dungeon, make a wish, look at the strange heads of the Gorgon Medusa and many other excursion offers. Address: 13 Yerebatan Cad., Sultanahmet.

Golden Horn Bay

An amazing creation of nature (created by the Alibey and Kagytkhan rivers as a result of the merger with the waves of the Bosphorus Strait), in the form of a natural harbor, divides the city into two parts. The harbor is considered one of the most beautiful and largest in the world. The convenient location and natural beauty of this place have been valued since ancient times. The Byzantines and representatives of the Ottoman Empire built palaces, churches, synagogues, villas, summer residences, and fortresses here.

The bridges connecting the two shores of the bay are amazingly beautiful and make you want to walk across them. Previously, merchant ships and warships stood in the bay. Now it's set up here beautiful parks, recreation areas. The name of the bay (its length is 12,200 m, width 122 m, depth 47 m) is associated with local legends and the extraordinary play of the sun during sunset, giving a golden color to the waters of the curved (like a horn) bay.

Rustem Pasha Mosque

Despite the simple appearance A majestic building, the mosque is one of the most beautiful mosques in Europe. The central dome, decorated with 24 windows, fills the interior with sunlight, creating an extraordinary tenderness of beauty against the backdrop of the unique blue tiles. Perhaps this is due to the great love between Rustem Pasha and Mihrimah, who was engaged in decorating the mosque after the death of her husband. All tiles are created in the same thematic style (geometric design of their plants).

There is not a single piece of the walls, floor, or ceiling in the mosque without decorations. The luxury and richness of the interior decoration is comparable to the decoration of the Topkapi Sultan's palace. The mosque was intended for worship, prayers, and ritual activities. The atmosphere of Mirimah’s emotions, the energy of love, and bright tears of memory still live here. You can get to the mosque by tram line T1.

Gulhane Park

It's good here at any time of the year. Look at the extraordinary flower beds, painted with a flower carpet in accordance with their flowering period, hundred-year-old trees, admire the view of the Bosphorus, the Golden Horn, Topkapi Palace. A fabulous oasis of the city center appeared on the basis of the garden surrounding the palace. If you see this green kingdom from above, then thoughts arise about the complexity, almost impossibility of caring for such a kingdom of flowers, shrubs, and trees.

Unusual patterns, figures of flowers scattered under trees, near convenient alleys, appear in any place. The cheerful music of the fountain, the laughter of children near it, cozy benches for relaxation attract tourists, local residents. Starting from early spring (tulip festival), the flower beds are always blooming in different shades (hyacinths, violets, pansies, lilies, roses). You can get to the park by high-speed tram.

Snake Column

Almost in the center of the square the Hippodrome is located the oldest monument, brought to Constantinople from the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi in 324. The column was originally cast from the bronze shields of the dead Persians (a symbol of the victory of the Greek cities at Plataea in 479 BC). According to another version, a sacrificial tripod was made from Persian weapons. At the top of the 8-meter column stood three snake heads, on which a golden cauldron was attached.

Legends have been preserved about the disappearance of heads that protected the city from poisonous snakes and scorpions. Now the column does not have a golden cauldron or snake heads. Of interest is the technique of making the “sfirelatos” column. Its main idea was the possibility of creating large hollow statues. On the trunk of the column there are rings of intertwined snakes corresponding to the list of Greek cities. The Byzantine artifact is perceived ambiguously and evokes a philosophical mood.

Bayazid Mosque

This is the oldest mosque built during the Ottoman Empire (the reign of Sultan Bayezid). The massive ancient building reflects the architectural style of the Ottomans during the Middle Ages. The entrance to the fashionable domed structure is decorated with gates with original ornaments and ancient inscriptions. The semi-domes are supported by powerful columns, shaped like an elephant's foot. In total, the building contains 25 domes and 20 antique columns. The two minarets of the mosque are located at a distance of about 100 m from each other. They are decorated with interesting brick ornaments.

In the courtyard of the mosque, trees have been preserved, adding special beauty to the ensemble. The mosque serves as a funeral building, but the tomb (turbe) is located at the back. The mausoleum of Bayazid is also located here. The ensemble consists of a mosque, an imaret (a dining room for ministers), a school, a hospital, a hammam, and a caravanserai. Now the mosque houses a medical museum. The “Pigeon Mosque” (named after interesting legends) was built at the end of the 15th century in the image of the Hagia Sophia temple. Located in the historical center of Istanbul.

Rumeli Fortress Hisary

The need to build a fortress arose to protect Constantinople and control the passage of enemy ships through the Bosporus. On the opposite side (Asian) the walls of the Anadolu Hissary fortress already rose. It was impossible to sail past these fortifications. The fortress is located on the European side of the Bosphorus, in a narrow part. The fortification has three main towers and 13 intermediate ones. Inside the fortress there was a mosque, a barracks, and a reservoir.

After the fall of Constantinople, the fortress began to serve as a prison. The restoration of the fortress took place in 1953, an artillery museum, a summer theater, a park, and an amphitheater with stone seats and high steps were opened. Access is provided to any scene. Everywhere you can admire the extraordinary views of the surrounding area. You can get there by bus from the bus station next to the Kabatas stop.

Walls of Constantinople

The famous landmark of the Byzantines was built in 413 under the reign of Emperor Theodosius II (that's why they are called the Theodosian walls). Their length is almost 6 km. The inner side (its height was 12 m) was fortified with polygonal towers standing at a distance of 55 m. There were about 100 of them. 10 towers had a passage. The Golden Gate, consisting of three triumphal arches, was considered the ceremonial gate.

A protective ditch was built in front of the outer wall (an additional wall stood in front of it). The Ottomans captured the city through the Middle Walls. Then they built the Seven Tower Fortress with the Marble Tower (Mermekule) here. The walls are located on the territory of Istanbul from the Golden Horn to the Sea of ​​Marmara. The best place to see them is in the area of ​​the Yedikule fortress. You can get to the walls by train coming from Sirkeci station (Yedikule stop).

Yedikule Fortress

Having captured Constantinople, Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror continued to build fortifications for the city. At the end of the Feodosian walls, additional towers and fortifications grew new fortress Yedikule. Its purpose changed many times. It was a prison, a girls' school, the location of the state treasury, and a zoo. In a small courtyard there was a mosque and a fountain. Now the names of seven towers have been preserved: Prison, Watchtower, Treasury, Armory, Osman, Akhmet, Bloody Well.

Kings, sultans, and ambassadors served their sentences in cells with varying levels of comfort in the prison tower. In the Bloody Well, the cruel invaders stored the heads of dead soldiers. Since 1895, the fortress has served as a museum. Attraction address: Yedikule Mahallesi, Yedikule Meydanı Sokak, Fatih/İstanbul. You have to go by train.

Grand Bazaar

Construction of one of the largest markets in the world began in 1453 during the reign of Sultan Mehmed the conqueror. Now the market has about 70 streets (which have retained their historical names), 4,000 shops. It has everything: carpets, textiles, cosmetics, jewelry, food. Ceramics, wood products, souvenirs, etc. On an area of ​​31,000 m² there are many restaurants, mosques, an ancient cemetery, and several residential premises. Almost 100 million tourists visit the market every year.

The oldest buildings of the Covered Market (Kapaly-charshi) are two badestans with domed ceilings. There are 18 gates to enter the market. Above the main “Nuruosmaniye” there is the inscription “God has mercy on the one who devotes himself to trade.” The Covered Market is located in the Beyazit area. Its buildings occupy the area between the Bayazid and Nurusmaniye mosques. You can travel by tram, bus or walk from Aksarey station. The market is open daily from 9 am to 7 pm (closed on Sundays).

Egyptian bazaar

You can know when you are approaching the famous oriental bazaar by the extraordinary aroma of spices, sweets, and fresh coffee. Since antiquity, Istanbul has been considered the center of world trade. In this market (which is smaller in area than the Grand Bazaar) you can buy everything. There are no such amazing sweets anywhere else. The spice market (entrance to it is possible through six gates) began its history in 1660. The Egyptians traded spices from India in a small wooden bazaar. Now there are about 100 stores here. They are filled with spices, perfumes, medicinal herbs, dried fruits, tea, coffee.

Their range amazes visitors. Spices can be purchased by weight or in bags. The first shops with medicinal herbs appeared in this market. Essential oils, the best henna, pink water, olive oil soaps are offered in cosmetics and perfume departments. On the top floor of the covered market is the famous Pandeli restaurant, open since 1901. The Egyptian Bazaar is located in the Eminonu district of the European part of the city. You can get there by tram.

Pertevniyal Valide Mosque - Sultan

The mosque is considered one of the last buildings of the Ottoman period. It was built on the orders of Pertevniyal Valide Sultan in 1871. The mosque is made in different architectural styles (Gothic, Renaissance, Rococo, Ottoman style). It is decorated with a small dome and two beautiful minarets. The external and internal walls of the building are decorated with marble with patterns and ornaments.

The interior decoration is dominated by blue shades with gilding. Above the entrance gate there is a golden monogram belonging to Sultan Abdul-Aziz, made on a green background. The building houses the tomb of Valide Sultan. She was the last mistress of the chambers of the Topkapi Palace. Building address: Gureba Hüseyinağa Mh., Atatürk Blv. 1.

Church of St. Irene

In the Topkapi courtyard there is a Christian basilica, made in the shape of a cross. Previously, on this site (the ruins of the Temple of Aphrodite at the beginning of the 4th century) there was another basilica, which was considered the main temple of Constantinople before the construction of Hagia Sophia. Inside the church you can see a mosaic from the Justinian period, a sarcophagus with the remains of Constantine. During Ottoman times, the church was not converted into a mosque. The only church in the city that has an initial atrium or high hall at the entrance to the church.

For a long time there was an armory there. In 1846, the Archaeological Museum operated in the church. Since 1869, the church began to serve as the Imperial Museum. In 1875, its exhibits were moved to another room. Since 1980, music concerts and festivals have been held on the main site of the church. A small church dedicated to the “Holy World” is considered a unique monument of the ancient period of the city. Church address: Sultanahmet, 34122 Fatih/İstanbul. You can get to it through the territory of the Topkani Palace.

Sinan Pasha Mosque

The mosque was erected by the architect Sinan by order of the vizier's brother Rustem Pasha in honor of the Ottoman admiral Sinan Pasha. It was built in 1555. The mosque has a rectangular shape, a dome, and a minaret. The walls are decorated with floral patterns and poems. The large and small domes of the mosque are covered with lead. The floor of the mosque is made in an original way. Accidental rainfall through a hole in the roof caused great damage to the interior of the church.

Some paintings were destroyed and the plaster was damaged. External facades suffered from weathering processes. Nearby there are three Istanbul Museums (marine, painting, sculpture, rare palace collections). Mosque address: Sinanpaşa Mahallesi, Beşiktaş Caddesi No:73, 34353 Beşiktaş/İstanbul. You need to go by bus to the Besiktas pier, taxi, tram from the central part of the city.

Emirgan Park

One of the most beautiful park areas of the city is located on the site of wild forests. presented to the Persian prince Emirkhan for surrendering the city of Yerevan without a fight. Each subsequent owner of the park introduced his own original elements into its structure. Here fountains began to rustle, gardens bloomed, and flower arrangements were painted in different shades. Beautiful, rich villas (now pavilions) appeared. They now house museums and institutions. There are many cafes and restaurants in the park. Every spring, the park hosts the famous tulip festival.

More than 100 types of noble flowers (a symbol of wealth among the Ottomans) are used in the design of complex designs and ornaments. Flowerbeds located along winding paths, on hills, under trees are never without flowering plants. They replace each other throughout the season. Depending on the time of travel, you can admire the beauty and inhale the aroma of many rare flowers. Address: Emirgan Park is located at Emirgan Mh., 34467 Istanbul. Open from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. You can go to the park by bus from Taksim Square.

Miniaturk Park

Wonderful place, museum under open air consists of miniature copies of famous Turkish landmarks. Conventionally, it can be divided into two parts: Istanbul Türkiye in miniature (scale 1:25). The similarity of the completed models completely coincides with the originals. This makes it possible to see many famous sights at once and outline a plan for a trip to real buildings. Walking along the long winding path, you can view the exhibits from all sides. (No ratings yet)

Istanbul, the city is located on two continents: Europe and Asia, so East and West, Asian and European cultures intersect in this city. Here are Muslim monuments of architecture and art, Christian churches and Jewish synagogues coexist peacefully. Istanbul is the most Big city Turkey. Istanbul's population is this moment(2017) is more than 15 million people. Until recently Istanbul, was the Ottoman Empire, but in 1923 the capital was moved from Istanbul V .

Location of Istanbul

South of Golden Horn is located the most . This peninsula is known as Surichi or “ Historical Peninsula“. The historical peninsula is the very first and oldest residential area Istanbul. That's why that's all most popular historical attractions are located in this area of ​​the city. Historical part Istanbul or so-called introduced in 1985 into.

History of Istanbul

Istanbul grandiose in the number of attractions, its history is intertwined with bizarre loops, and brings together the influence of the Persians, Spartans, Galatians, Hellenic Greeks, Romans and Turks - the Ottomans. A rich history has left an amazing cultural heritage as a gift for descendants.

Ancient Byzantium

Exactly on south coast mouth Golden Horn in the 7th century BC e. (several centuries after) the ancient Greek city was founded by Dorian colonists from Megara Byzantium. This settlement was named Byzantium in honor of their leader named Byzas. Byzantium began to develop rapidly due to its strategic position at the crossroads of trade routes. Over time, the name of the city changed several times. He was Byzantium, New Rome, Constantinople-Constantinople, Asitane and eventually secured the name Istanbul.

Mighty Constantinople

After Constantine the Great became the sole sovereign ruler of the Roman Empire in 323, he drew attention to Byzantium's advantageous location from an economic and strategic point of view. In 330, by decision of Constantine the Great, Byzantium became the capital of the Roman Empire called New Rome, however, even during the life of the emperor, the city began to be called the city of Constantine - Constantinople. And by 500 AD. Constantinople, with a population of more than 450 thousand people, beat its predecessor, Rome, in the fight for the title largest city peace.

Construction begins during the time of Constantine the Great powerful fortress walls, The city center is being completely rebuilt and works of art are being brought to the city from all over the empire. For example Snake column on, which at that time was in the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, was transported in 324 AD. e. Constantine the Great. Construction of an underground reservoir Basilica Cistern began during the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great and ended in 532 under Justinian. In 391, under the influence of his mother Helen, Constantine the Great declared Christianity the state religion.

Golden Age of Constantinople

In 527-565, under the emperor Justinians, a “golden age” begins for Constantinople. During the reign of Emperor Justinian, many new buildings were built architectural structures, captivating us today. For example and. For centuries, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium), Constantinople, was the largest and richest city in Europe. But in 1204 the city was taken and plundered by the crusaders. The Latin Empire, founded after the fall of Constantinople, lasted less than a century. Later, under the emperors of the Palaiologan dynasty, the power of Byzantium was restored and lasted until 1453.

Istanbul – Capital of the Ottoman Empire

In 1452, in preparation for the capture of Constantinople, a . In 1453, after a long siege, Sultan Mehmet II Fatih (the Conqueror) captured Constantinople. Ancient city on the banks gave way Istanbul- the capital of the powerful Ottoman Empire. Before the capture of Constantinople, the capitals of the Ottoman Empire were first, and then . It was built under Sultan Mehmed II and became the residence of 25 Ottoman sultans over three centuries. Also, by order of Sultan Mehmet II, two bedestans (covered markets) were built, marking the beginning of the famous.

Second center of Istanbul this is a modern center - a square Taksim and the district of the same name.