Krillon Peninsula. Sakhalin region Cape Crillon. Day four: Cape Crillon, Japan and the west coast

RUG!

On August 23, 2011, six people (me, Dima, Galya, Anton and two Kirills) set off by morning bus to the city of Nevelsk, then to Shebunino, from where our journey to Cape Crillon, the most southern point Sakhalin Islands. In two days we must approach Mount Kovrizhka, where four more people from our group (Lena, Alexey, Vika and Sergey) will join us. There are 10 days of hiking ahead, sea, sun and no civilization, everyone is in a great mood, let's hit the road!!!

We reached Kovrizhka without any obstacles; our greatest fear was that we would not cross the Pereputka River; during rains and high tides it rises so high that even cars cannot pass. But to our joy, we crossed the river calmly, well, after all, two days were not without incident, Kirill’s knees hurt and he practically could not walk. We couldn’t leave him alone, Dima put a backpack on Kiryukhin’s shoulders and slowly walked towards our goal. Puffing and puffing with long stops, we still reached our goal on time, and here our people were coming, joy knew no bounds. At a general meeting we decide that Kirill should be sent home tomorrow on passing transport, we set up camp at the foot of the mountain, while everyone is collecting wood for the fire. Dima and Kirill (I already said we had two of them) are dripping a “pool” so that after a two-day journey we can wash and cool off from the mercilessly scorching sun. In the meantime, the fire is burning, the tents are set up, we can start dinner, the guys brought homemade food with them, oh bliss!!!

It was starting to get dark, but we really wanted to visit the top of Kovrizhka. Mount Kovrizhka got its name because of its cake-shaped shape; it is located on Cape Windis, translated from the Ainu language as “bad dwelling,” where does this name come from? The cape is 35 km away. from the village Shebunino, Kovrizhka itself rises above sea level at an altitude of about 78 m, has an almost perfect round shape with a diameter of more than 100 m. The absolutely flat top of Kovrizhka is known for the fact that archaeological sites of ancient people were found on it. There are versions that this natural structure was used by the Sakhalin aborigines as a fortress, where they fled from the invasion of strangers, which may be why it got the name “bad dwelling.”

The climb to Kovrizhka is very steep; you can only get there by walking on a rope, which was pulled by kind people. Overcoming fear, we climbed up and a dizzying view opened up in front of us, almost the entire South Kamyshevy Range was visible on one side, and on the other, Cape Kuznetsov, where we will go tomorrow morning.

It’s already completely dark, so take a photo as a souvenir and we begin our descent. Oh Gods!!! Going down was even more scary than climbing up, groping in the dark, not seeing where to put your foot, stones falling from under your feet, but not staying at the top. Dima insures the girls from above, and Sergei encourages them with his jokes and jokes, and now their feet have touched the hard and level ground. Hooray!!! We went downstairs and Galyunia and I went to the “bathhouse” that the guys had built. The “bathhouse” was a great success. Washed up, stuffed with homemade food in the tents, tomorrow morning we will set off towards our dream, to Crillon!!!

Cape Kuznetsov

The next morning we got ready and set off. Alexey loaded the backpacks and some members of our team into the car and drove towards Cape Kuznetsov to negotiate about sending Kirill home and parking the car, and we set off on foot lightly. It’s so beautiful, the sea is splashing, the sun is warming (it’s not too hot yet), a cormorant perched on a pebble, let us get very close to it and doesn’t fly away, well, the cormorant is now a fashion model and the hero of our photo albums.

Approaching closer to Cape Kuznetsov, houses loom, we noticed an Orthodox cross-church!!!

It is unusual to see a church so far from civilization. And we freeze with delight, what an amazing picture in front of us, a herd of horses grazing on the seashore, I have never seen such a miracle in my life, and there are all kinds of horses here, red, white, black, spotted and bull’s eye. Extraordinary beauty, this picture still stands before my eyes. At one time, 50 pedigree Yakut horses were brought here for breeding. They also say that ostriches live on the farm territory, but, unfortunately, we did not see them. But the horses……….

Cape Kuznetsov is one of natural monuments O. Sakhalin, received its name in honor of captain 1st rank D.I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to Far East in 1857 To protect Russian borders. We go around the cape, since there are no passages there, we turn onto the road leading through the pass, Kiryukha went to see us off, since today he is driving home from the farm in a car to treat his knees. Bye, Kiryukha, see you in the city. Well, we, consisting of nine people, are recovering further. Not far from the village we came across a Japanese post with hieroglyphs; there are many such posts left around Sakhalin; it indicates the altitude above sea level.
The road through the pass is in good condition, we enter the forest and we feel creepy, these parts are full of bears, there used to be a nature reserve on the peninsula, hunting and fishing were prohibited in these areas, so the bears multiplied here. We take out the pipes and play as hard as we can until our heads are spinning. The sun is beating down mercilessly, the backpacks are weighing down the shoulders, and there are a whole bunch of gadflies flying in, even repellents don’t help, because of the heat they run off along with sweat.

Well, this is the end of the road and here we come across a fresh footprint of a clubfoot bear, we imagined how he was scurrying when he heard our pipes. We finally went out to the seashore and had a break and lunch.

Shipwreck.

We had lunch, rested and continued on our way. On the left there are green hills, somewhere there are bears snoring sweetly, on the right there is a blue sea, a foggy horizon ahead, silence and only the sound of the surf can be heard, peace and grace, but the sun is burning so hard that it’s hot to breathe. Galyunya is wrapped in a sweatshirt, hiding from the sun, the poor thing has one nose sticking out.

Sergei is overwhelmed with emotions and he scratches “AKHRINET” in the sand and everything is in this word!!!

A “ghost ship” appears on the horizon because of the fog, and it gives you goosebumps. We come closer and there he is, a handsome man, or rather all that’s left of him. The ship was torn into three pieces - an eerie sight. As I later read, the cargo ship Luga has been lying here on the sandbank for more than 65 years. Seagulls and cormorants took a liking to the remains of the ship and set up a bird market on it. By the autumn of 1947, the dry cargo ship Luga was prepared for towing to Vladivostok, and then further to Shanghai for major repairs. The steamer Pyotr Tchaikovsky was assigned to tow the Luga, but they missed time and began towing at the end of October. "Pyotr Tchaikovsky" and "Luga" were caught by a fierce typhoon near the La Perouse Strait. The tug broke and the Luga was thrown onto the Crillon Peninsula between Cape Maidel and Zamirailov Head. The damage to “Luga” was so great that repairs were impractical and no attempt was made to remove it from the sandbank, which is how it became a home for gulls and cormorants

A short rest stop, a photo as a souvenir and we were on our way again.

Night guest.
More and more often we come across bear tracks of various sizes and dimensions; bear trails can be seen on the hills.

It's approaching evening, it's time to look for a place to camp. We decided to stop near a small lake. Well, the Christmas trees didn’t take into account that they set up camp near Misha’s path, or rather they realized it later.

Lesha and I went to the lake, I washed the dishes, Lesha got water. And so Alexey decided to get some running water from the stream that flowed from the hill. He walked into the grass and not even a minute later Lesha jumped out of the bushes as if scalded. “What happened?” I ask, he tells me “Look.” I see the grass swaying, the bear leaves and walks quietly, even if a twig crunches, I always wondered how such a colossus walks so quietly??? Well that was not all......

After dinner, we scattered to the tents, Galya and I slept in the tent. In my sleep I heard as if someone had touched the tent rope, I opened my eyes and the sharp smell of a dog hit my nose, and near the tent someone was sniffing everything......a bear, my blood froze in my veins with fear. I wake up Galya, I say, “The bear has come,” Galya muttered something, rolled over on her other side and continued to sleep, this is how Galya sleeps where she lies down, sits down and no bears wake her up, and I lay there all night without closing my eyes and breathing I was afraid. In the morning I dared to go out only when I heard the voices of the children who had already woken up and were busy with the housework. I walked around the tent and as if there were teddy bear footprints in the sand, it means he really came, I didn’t dream. I didn’t close my eyes again on this trip for more than one night.

Open-air museum. Crillon.

Morning. According to our calculations, in about two hours we should arrive at Crillon. The morning turned out to be foggy, so we did not immediately notice the outline of Crillon on the horizon. Well, what was our joy when we realized that because of the fog the towers and lighthouse of the Crillon Peninsula were visible.

Cape Krillon is the southernmost point of Sakhalin Island. The name was given by the French navigator Jean-François de La Pérouse in honor of the French general Louis Balbes de Crillon. It is connected in the north by a narrow but steep isthmus with the Krillon Peninsula, in the west it is washed by the Sea of ​​Japan, in the east by Aniva Bay Sea of ​​Okhotsk. From the south is the La Perouse Strait, separating the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido. Crillon is called the “Open Air Museum” and it is not for nothing that this small piece of land received such a name. Nowadays there is a functioning border post, weather station and lighthouse on Crillon. Well, let's start in order.

"Century Mark"
A car is coming towards us, the head of the outpost was in a hurry to warn us so that we check in at the outpost, such are the rules here, after all, it is a border outpost, so those who want to visit Crillon do not forget to take their passport with them.
First of all, we go to look for the “Century Mark”, which was carved on a coastal rock by the famous Admiral Makarov. On September 22, 1895, Rear Admiral Makarov ordered the installation of a foot-level gauge on Crillon in the form of a rod with divisions; it is installed to monitor and accurately determine the water level in the sea. But the footstock was broken by the movement of ice, and to eliminate this shortcoming, Makarov ordered to carve a “century mark” on the rock; under the inscription, seven horizontal notches were knocked out, numbered in Roman numerals from bottom to top from 4 to 10 (Tanya, these Roman numerals must be written). Over time, water did its job and now only the word “brand” is visible on the rock. We found the mark and, having jumped over the boulders, set up our backpacks, we moved on. Further our path passes along a steep path that leads up.

Lighthouse.
We went upstairs, threw off our backpacks and headed to the lighthouse. A dilapidated wooden staircase leads to the lighthouse, we climbed it and here in front of us is a handsome red brick, but it was not always like this, the lighthouse was originally built from logs. The construction of the first lighthouse on Crillon began on May 13, 1883; 30 exiles and the crew of the schooner “Tungus”, with which they towed rafts of logs, took part in the construction of the lighthouse; the work lasted 35 days. A wooden tower 8.5 m high, a caretaker's house, a barracks, a bathhouse, and a vegetable garden were built. The lighting apparatus with silver-plated reflectors is equipped with 15 argant lamps. To produce fog signals, the lighthouse is equipped with a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell. The first lighthouse keeper was sailor Ivan Kryuchkov.
In 1894, construction began on a new lighthouse at Cape Crillon, next to the old building made of red brick brought from Japan. The construction was carried out by paratroopers Shipulin, Yakovlev and 25 Korean workers. The work was supervised by engineer-lieutenant colonel K.I. Leopold, who built several lighthouses on the Black Sea. On August 1, 1896, a lighting apparatus manufactured by the French company Barbier and Benard in Paris was installed at the Crillon lighthouse. In a room located at the southernmost point of Cape Crillon, a new pneumatic siren with a kerosene engine was installed. A special signal cannon of the 1867 model was located next to the siren building. A backup “fog bell” was also installed here, which, in the event of a siren malfunction, was supposed to sound signals during fog. IN Soviet time The lighthouse was re-equipped with electric lamps, but the main part of the French lighting remained unchanged. A new cinder block house was built on the cape for the lighthouse workers. The bell was removed in 1980. Until the end of the 1990s, there was a Japanese bell on the cape. According to some reports, the bell was taken out for scrap metal. The further fate of the Japanese bell is unknown. Currently, the lighthouse is still operational.

Border guards
Having examined the lighthouse, we went down, the guys went to the monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin,

and we, exhausted by the heat, were left to wait for them near our backpacks. Galyunya climbed under the cart, into the shade and snorted sweetly.

But the guys returned and we all went together to check in with the border guards. We were greeted very warmly, while we were copying out the passport data, the head of the outpost told us that on the cape there are now four little worlds neighboring: border guards, a weather station, a lighthouse man who lives alone in the entire two-story house and occupies any apartment in it that he likes (the house is empty, in it Now no one lives except the lighthouse keeper) and fishermen. They all live independently of each other and do not interfere in the affairs of their neighbors. He said if the lighthouse is in good location spirit, then maybe he will take us to the lighthouse and show it from the inside. He told us what was okay to photograph and what was not, and offered to charge cameras and phones. By the way, cellular communications on Japanese Crillon eat up your entire balance before you even have time to dial a number. They showed us a convenient place to spend the night and gave us a tank of water, because in Crillon there is a problem with springs and rivers, and the nearest spring is very far away. It was on such a positive note that we said goodbye to the owners of the outpost and went to set up camp.

Catacombs.
The camp was organized quickly. We were falling from fatigue, heat and sore throats, the people decided not to go anywhere today, but I, Dima and Kirill still decided not to waste time, because tomorrow we were returning home at lunchtime, but still take a walk around the cape. We began our walk around the monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin and the Southern Kuril Islands. 7 paratroopers are buried in this mass grave. Then we went to inspect the now uninhabited buildings that were built by the Japanese and then by the Russians, everything was mixed up on a small piece of land. We climbed, gazed, and now we are hurrying to the fortified area. After all, Cape Crillon is one large fortified area where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, trenches, and cannons. On the way we climbed to a large plateau overgrown with bamboo and where is there anything to look for in such thickets??? And here is the first find - an inverted cannon, then another one. A little further away you can see the canopy of the command post, and now we are already inside.

The walls and steps were lined with natural stone by the Japanese; the masonry is still preserved, like new.

We went up and in front of us was the entire La Perouse Strait, in full view, and it took my breath away from the emotions that overwhelmed me. We go further, there is a whole cannon in an underground shelter, we tried to turn the levers and oh, miraculously they are still in working order. Let's play like little children!!!

Below you can see a hole that goes underground, we go down, and here is a whole underworld. Lots of rooms, holes. Transitions, stairs and we are again at the top already at the other end of the peninsula, again we go down, again up and again at the other end, along the road there are empty boxes from shells, old beds, on the walls there are various devices, sensors, counters, yesssss, exactly You can walk here for weeks to look at everything and find all the loopholes. We crawled out into the white light, it’s already getting dark, it’s time to go to camp, well, I don’t want to leave, I really want to explore the whole of Crillon up and down. We returned to camp and had a snack. But we have another excursion planned for today. In good weather, you can see Japan from Crillon, and the weather turned out to be excellent, so we set off to the edge of the cape, and maybe we’ll get lucky and see Japan. And we saw it, just like that with the naked eye, first Rebun Island grew in front of us.

Then we saw Hokkaido. Dima took binoculars with him and through them we saw windmills that glow with multi-colored lights, how cool!!! It got completely dark and the beacon came on. A local resident, the little pig Manka, also came to visit us. She came running to us, lay down and scratch my belly, rolled her eyes with pleasure, she was so funny, she lay there grunting.

Siranusi's post.
In the morning we packed our things and went to explore again underground passages and “study” military equipment. We came across a huge cannon, found Soviet tanks in the bamboo,

We examined new manholes and trenches and came across Japanese washbasins, which were preserved in excellent condition.

I already said that you could wander around Crillon for weeks, but it was time for us to return home. A farewell look at Crillon, I promise myself that I will definitely return here to continue the search for new underground passages. On the way back we stopped in to look at the remains of the Shiranusi post. The post was founded by the Japanese Matsumae clan from the island of Hokkaido, presumably in the 1750s; in the 1850s, the post's importance began to decline and the post in Shiranushi was abolished, and the history of the post ended. There is information that in 1925, 150 people lived in the village of Siranusi and there were 36 houses. Now at the site of the post you can find many objects from different times, belonging to both the Japanese and the Russians, a pedestal from the Kaijima Kinento monument, platforms from the building of the Japanese post, earthen ramparts that were most likely defensive in nature, concrete structures, firing points of the 2nd world war.

Above the post there are the ruins of a crab factory and coastal batteries from IS-3 tanks. By the way, the tanks are preserved and are in excellent condition.
We were given a lift to the farm by a car that was traveling from Crillon to Shebunino, a herd of horses met us, I will never forget this beauty, the sea, rocks and horses!!!
We were home in two days.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FSBEI HPE "SAKHALIN STATE UNIVERSITY"

INSTITUTE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOSPHERE SECURITY

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK

“NATURE OF THE KRILON PENINSULA AND ITS TOURIST OPPORTUNITIES”

Student IV courses, 421 groups,

Direction: geography Koshelev Viktor Eduardovich

Scientific adviser,

Doctor of Geography, Professor

Department of Geography P.F. Brovko

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

2015

Item no.	Name of sections, subsections	Page
	Introduction
	Physiographic characteristics of the Crillon Peninsula
	1.1 Geographical position
	1.3 Climate
	1.6 Animal world
	Objects tourism activities on the Crillon Peninsula
	2.1 Natural monuments
	2.2 Historical sites
	Development of the water-motor route “Cape Crillon”
	3.1 Description of the area
	3.2 Route description
	Conclusion
	Applications

Introduction

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the territory of the peninsula has significant tourism potential. A large number of tourists come to the Crillon Peninsula. They are attracted by the unique nature of the peninsula, its historical and natural sites and unforgettable atmosphere. . Since in given time tourism on Sakhalin is trying to develop the topic is relevant.

An object: Crillon Peninsula.

Item: Nature of the Crillon Peninsula.

Goal of the work:

Consider and identify the tourism opportunities of the Crillon Peninsula. Assess the natural conditions and resources of the peninsula for the development of tourism;

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

1) studied, based on literature data, the features of the physical and geographical conditions of the Crillon Peninsula;

2) examined the monuments;

3) developed a route.

The work consists of an introduction, a main part, including three chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used, and appendices.

1 Physiographic characteristics of the study area (Crillon Peninsula)

1. Geographical position

In the western part of Sakhalin Island there is the Krillon Peninsula (Fig. 1). This island is quite large in size. Its length is 90 km, and its width is from 20 to 40 km. From the southernmost point of the peninsula it is only 47 km. to Japan, namely to the island of Hokkaido. The territory is characterized by low-mountain relief with absolute heights of up to 500 m. The main orographic unit is the South Kamyshovy Range. The ruggedness of the relief is 200-500 m. The slopes of the spurs of the South Kamyshov Range are flat or concave, with a steepness of 10-45 degrees, crossed through 1-2 km by river and stream valleys.

Rice. 1 Outline map of the Crillon Peninsula.

1.2 Geological structure and relief

Upper Cretaceous deposits form an irregularly shaped outcrop area up to 25 km wide and up to 70 km long. In this area, which is the southernmost within the main chalk field of Sakhalin, mainly the Krasnoyarkovskaya formation emerges on the surface, and in the cores of several gentle anticlinal structures, older sediments are also exposed– upper parts of the Bykov Formation. The section of these formations is well exposed along the Ulyanovka River and its tributaries, as well as along the Kura, Moguchi and partly along the Uryum rivers. A good section is also observed along Pink salmon.

The Bykovskaya Formation, or rather its upper part, is well exposed in coastal outcrops along the river. Ulyanovka and its tributary– R. Branched. A succession of siltstones and mudstones is common here. The thickness of the exposed part of the formation is about 300 m. Krasnoyarkovskaya formation along the river. The Gorbusha begins with a pack of conglomerates, which is consistent with the Bykov Formation. Above are siltstones with sandstone layers about 315 m thick.

The stratigraphically higher part of the Krasnoyarkovskaya formation is composed of sandstones with interlayers of conglomerates up to 400 m thick. Neogene deposits. The Kholmskaya formation is represented by a sequence of tuffite and tuffaceous silty mudstones and siltstones containing interlayers of greenish-gray and gray tuffaceous sandstones, tuffs and tuffites, rarely small-pebble conglomerates with tuffaceous-clayey-sandy cement. The thickness of the formation is up to 800-1100 m. The Nevelskaya formation is composed of greenish-gray and bluish-gray alternating fine- and medium-grained tuffaceous siltstones and mudstones, which differ from the rocks of the Kholmsky formation in being lighter in color and better sorted material. Ausinskaya formation. It is represented in the lower part (80-115 m) by bluish-gray fine-grained siltstones, polymictic sandstones, sometimes turning into siltstones along the strike. The formation contains nodules (0.1- 0.2 m) calcareous sandstones.

The upper part of the formation is composed of polymictic siltstones, which are gradually replaced upward by siltstones and mudstone-like clays of light, gray and yellowish-gray color, with numerous nodules (0.2-0.4 m). The total thickness of the formation is 110-400 m. The Liman formation in the lower part is represented by pyphitic and agglomerate tuffs with rare layers of tuffaceous sandstones and gravenites. In its upper part there are pelitic tuffs, agglomerates, and andesite covers. The thickness of the formation is about 250 m. Intrusive formations are represented by subvolcanic bodies of the Miocene– Late Pliocene andesites– basalts. Among the products of the first stage of this complex are andesites and andesites.– basalts, less commonly dolerites and andesites– dacites. In the Middle Miocene, near-surface intrusions of basalts, basaltic andesites, and dolerites predominated. The depth of their solidification, obviously, did not exceed 0.5 km. Intrusive formations are presented directly at Cape Crillon, in the middle reaches of the river. Moguchi and the upper reaches of the river. Pink salmon.

Neogene volcanogenic formations. Most southern point manifestations of Neogene volcanism on the territory of Sakhalin should be considered the southern tip of the Krillon Peninsula, which are of the Late Miocene– Early Pliocene age.

The main part of the volcanic formations has a thickness of up to 300 m; they are represented by hyaloclastites, tuffs, tuffites, volcanomictic breccias, conglomerates, gravelites and sandstones. Effusional formations are most fully represented along the eastern coast of the Crillon Peninsula, pyroclastic and volcanomictic formations at the southernmost tip of the peninsula and in the area of ​​Cape Kuznetsova. The latter is also characterized by the widespread development of subvolcanic formations. Among the Miocene– Pliocene volcanogenic formations are most widespread andesites from basic, close to andesite-basalts, to very acidic, such as andesite-dacite.

Rice. 2 Relief of the Crillon Peninsula.

1.3 Climate

The climate of the region is monsoon with continental features, due to the proximity of the mainland. Winter with frequent snowstorms and blizzards lasts from November to early April. Spring (April-May) is cold with changeable windy weather. Intensive snow melting occurs in May, characterized by alternating periods of warm, clear and cloudy cool weather with drizzling rain and fog. Autumn in the first half of September is warm, dry, from mid-September to November it is cold and windy. The average annual air temperature is 0.3°C. The warmest month is August with an average temperature of + 16.6 °C. The coldest January 18.5 °C. Frost-free period continues 101- 164 days.

The average precipitation is 647 mm per year. The maximum amount of precipitation falls from July to October (317 mm). In summer, winds from the south prevail, and in winter from the north. Sea water has a temperature of 15-16 °C in August, in winter Northern part The Tatar Strait is covered with ice. A branch of the warm Tsushima Current runs along the coast from north to south, with a speed of 5-10 cm/sec. Tides are semidiurnal, up to 2.3 m high, with a shift of 40-45 minutes.

1.4 Hydrology of land and coastal waters

River network density 1.5 2.0 km/km 2 . The largest rivers are on the eastern bank– Ulyanovka, Uryum, Naicha, Kura, Tambovka. Moguchi has a width of up to 56 m at the mouth, a depth of 0.5-2 m, and a current speed of 0.2-0.8 m/s. The bottom soil is hard and rocky. The river banks are steep, reaching a height of 2530 m. The river floodplains have a width of up to 1- 1.5 km. Rivers of the west coast (the largest– Obutonai, Pink salmon) have a width of 3-4 m, depth 0.3-1 m, fordable even in the estuary part. Floods are common during the summer and autumn seasons. The maximum is reached in August and September as a result of monsoon rains. The climate of the area is monsoonal and is influenced by a branch of the warm Tsushima Current. The warmest winter on the island is snowy, the warmest summer. Number of days without sun per year up to 80, maximum in June 14 days, minimum in March April, October 3-5 days per month. Prevailing winds– western, eastern, northeastern. Air temperature: January– 8-10 °C; August +16 +18 °C.

The number of days a year with fog is 20-30. The height of the snow cover is 40-50 cm, established in late November early December, destroyed by the end of April. Precipitation per year is 1000-1200 mm, of which 600-800 mm falls during the warm period, the maximum amount of precipitation falls in August and September.

The coast is shallow. Along the shore there are surface, underwater and drying stones. Near Cape Anastasia there are rock outcrops up to 25 m high. The tides are irregular daily, in Aniva Bay up to 1.6 m, in the Tatar Strait up to 0.5 m.

Rice. 3 Ulyanovka River.

1.5 Soil and vegetation cover

The soils of the western coast are represented by brown taiga humus turf soils. In the center of the northern part there are mountain forest acidic impregnated high-humus podzolized soils. The rest of the territory is mountainous, forested, brown, acidic, non-podzolized and slightly podzolized. The coast of the northern and central parts is characterized by sea terraces 5-60 m high, sandy beaches 2-20 m wide. In the southern part of the peninsula, rocky cliffs 20-40 m high appear, the beach is interrupted at Cape Konabeevka to Cape Crillon, with the exception of the section of the river. Atlasovka– R. Irsha, there is a strip of boulders and blocks that ended up on the shore as a result of coastal deformation.

The vegetation is mainly composed of stone birch-bamboo forests, woodlands and bamboo thickets in place of dark coniferous forests with the participation of broad-leaved species. In the central part, in the ridge areas, there are still spruce-fir forests with the participation of broad-leaved species. Along river valleys– floodplain vegetation, tall grass.

Rice. 4 Spruce-fir forests.

Endemic species:multi-stemmed sedum ( Sedum pluricaule Kudo ), Smolevka Sakhalinskaya (Silene sachalinensis Fr. Schidt), common in the Kuznetsov metro area.

1.6 Fauna

Amphibians: common toad(Bufo bufo), grass frog(Rana temporaria). Reptiles: viviparous lizard(Zootoca vivipara). Birds: rubythroat nightingale(Luscinia calliope), Okhotsk cricket(Locustella ochotensis), red-eared bunting(Emberiza cioides), collared bunting(Emberiza fucata), Chinese greenfinch(Carduelis sinica), great snail (Tringa nebularia), herring gull(Larus argentatus), glaucous gull (Larus canus), slaty-backed gull(Larus schistisagus).

Rice. 5 Rubythroat Nightingale(Luscinia calliope).

Mammals: clawed shrew(Sorex unguiculatus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides), brown bear (Ursus Arktos).

Rice. 6 Brown bear(Ursus Arktos).

1.7 Historical and geographical outline

For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. was part of the huge Sakhalin-Hokkaido Peninsula. As a result of repeated warming, cooling and climate changes caused by the Ice Age, it changed its shape more than once until 12 thousand years ago it finally separated from Hokkaido. It was at this time that the “obsidian trails” broke off - the routes along which the migration of the most ancient hunters for obsidian took place: raw materials for the manufacture of tools and hunting.

The oldest site on the peninsula is a 5 thousand year old site at Cape Kuznetsova. This site belongs to the South Sakhalin culture. The inhabitants of this culture built quadrangular-shaped dugouts and used local types of jasper stones and siliceous rocks for making tools and hunting, as evidenced by the finds at these sites. As a rule, they are confined to high terraces, because sea ​​level at that time was quite high.

The economy of the ancient tribes gradually took shape. Along with gathering and hunting, the tribes living along the coastline were also engaged in sea gathering and hunting sea animals. Naturally, fishing traditions also developed. The culture of hunters, fishermen and sea hunters was finally formed by the middle of the 1st millennium BC. and reached its peak by the 5th century. AD During this period, sites are located along the banks and river mouths of the peninsula. Residents widely used the protective properties of the area; an example is the natural fortress at Cape Vindis. Being on the periphery, however, the inhabitants of Sakhalin felt the influence of the most powerful neighbors who had a state system by that time: states such as Bohai, the “Golden Empire”, the Yuan and Ming Empires, expanding their borders to the east, naturally came across the island. The most noticeable for the inhabitants of Sakhalin was the invasion of Manchu troops in 1286 and 1368. It was at this time that numerous settlements were built on Sakhalin, which are called “chasi”.

Clock monuments of historical times are earthen structures intended for defense and habitation. Otherwise, we can say that it is a fort or fortification. The distribution area of ​​the chashi covers the territory of Japan and Karafuto. The question of who used the clock is controversial, but in general the prevailing opinion is that it was the Ainu. On the Crillon Peninsula there is the Siranusi Clock ( West Coast) and Tisia (east coast). The clock in Shiranusi is located about 2.5 km northwest of Cape Crillon along the western coast, on the bank of an unnamed stream flowing into the Sea of ​​Japan 100 m west of the site. From the dominant ones winter time northwestern and northeastern winds, the settlement is covered by Cape Skala in the west and the spurs of Mount Konechnaya in the east. The fortress occupies a very advantageous military-geographical position: it is located in the center of a maritime communication hub. Cape Soya, Moneron and Rebun islands are within direct visibility. These circumstances, in the conditions of coastal navigation that existed in ancient times, made the Shiranusi area a convenient observation, trade and defensive point. One of the 8 most important roads in Japan, connecting the island of Kyushu with Primorye, closed at Cape Crillon. The name Shiranusi from the Ainu language is translated as “a place where there are many rocks”, “a place subject to the influence of ebbs and flows”.

This fortress has been known since the time of the shogunate - the military-feudal government of Japan in 1192-1867. But it is still unknown who, when and for what purpose built it. According to the oral tradition of the natives, Shiranu-shi was built by Prince Yoshitsune, who was directly involved in the construction. According to other sources, the Ainu say that the fortress was built during the invasion of “Rabungur”, in Ainu “rabun” means sea, and “gur” is a group of people who arrived from across the sea from the west. The Chinese belonged to the Gur. This led to the emergence of 2 different hypotheses, but each of them indicates, at least, that the construction of the clock was not carried out by the Ainu. Japanese archaeologist Ito Nobuo believes that of all the fortifications preserved on Karafuto, only Shiranushi is surrounded by a square rampart with a gate in the center of each side, which is an earthen fortification made in the Chinese style. Currently, you will not see fortifications with a similar design anywhere else except Shiranusi. Probably, the settlement was originally fortified with ramparts on four sides, but over time, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, it lost 2 ramparts. Currently, the site has numerous traces economic activity last decades: during construction helipad and the construction of roads, the north-eastern rampart of the fortress was destroyed; this happened in the 1940-50s. The fortress-fortification is a unique historical monument. Goods from China transited through these points to Japan. They were also centers of trade among the local population.

During the 15th-17th centuries, the Japanese, after unifying the country under the rule of the emperor from the Tokugawa dynasty, began to actively move north, displacing the Hokkaido Ainu to the south of Sakhalin. This caused enmity with the Sakhalin clans of the Ainu, Nivkhs, and Oroks. The first Japanese expedition visited Sakhalin in 1635. It was sent by the head of the Matsumae clan, which extended its influence over the entire island of Hokkaido, with the aim of exploring the lands lying north of his possessions. The expedition reached Cape Notoro (Crillon) and was soon forced to return. The following year, a vassal of the Matsumae family, Komichi Sezaemen, was sent there. He spent more than a year on the island and in 1637, following along the southeastern coast of Sakhalin, he reached Terpeniya Bay.

Since the 1930s, the Japanese government began to pursue a policy of self-isolation in order to strengthen the shogun. According to the decrees of 1633-1639. first limited and then categorically prohibited the departure of Japanese citizens

outside the country. The construction of ships suitable for long-distance voyages was prohibited. large ships and finally all Japanese ports were closed to foreign ships. At first, such decrees were carried out unquestioningly, but the policy of self-isolation did not stop the active activities of the Matsumae clan in the north. In 1650, 1689, 1700 New expeditions were sent from Hokkaido to Sakhalin. And since 1679, seasonal settlements of Japanese fishermen appeared in the extreme south of the island. And this was not considered a violation of prohibitions, because... The Japanese government considered all Ainu lands as their own.

In the 90s of the XVIII century. Japanese trading posts appear on Sakhalin. The largest shopping center there was a village called Siranusi. Ainu, Nivkhs (Amur and Sakhalin), Manchu and Chinese merchants came here to conclude trade deals with the Japanese. At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Japanese government officials and guard posts appear on extreme Sakhalin.

At the end of the eighteenth century. European researchers are showing interest in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. By the expedition of the Dutchman M.G. The frieze peninsula of Crillon was mistaken for a continuation of Hokkaido, the fault of which was fog, which was common at this time of year. The error existed for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. During his expedition, La Perouse did not discover the strait named after himself, and did not describe the western coast of Sakhalin.

Having stumbled upon shallows in the north and considering the island to be a peninsula, he descended to the south and anchored near Cape Maydel. During the stay, he received residents of the Krillon Peninsula on board and replenished supplies fresh water and sent a small group of researchers ashore, who climbed the town of Crillon and examined the surrounding area. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to this day: Moneron, Crillon, De Langle.

Moving from south to north and from north to south, expanding the borders of their states, Japan and Russia collided finally and irrevocably at the beginning of the 19th century. The construction of military posts and temporary fishing settlements by the Japanese gave rise to natural hostility, in which local residents found themselves the third party between a rock and a hard place. Crillon, due to its geographical proximity, was under the influence of Japan for a long time, until the entire territory of Sakhalin finally became part of Russia. This was achieved through difficult negotiations, as a result of which the St. Petersburg Treaty was signed on April 25, 1875. According to the agreement, Japan ceded rights to Sakhalin in exchange for belonging to Russia Kuril Islands (north of Urup to Shumshu inclusive). A few months later, an additional article was signed in Tokyo, which provided for the right of residents of the exchanged territories to remain permanently in the areas they occupied, maintaining complete freedom to engage in trades without any tax. These benefits did not apply to the indigenous population.

Despite the signed agreement, the Japanese continued to fish in the immediate vicinity of the shores and pester for repair work. In addition to a few settlements in the north of the Crillon Peninsula, both along the western and east coast, it was uninhabited during the cold season. When the weather warmed, fishing by Japanese poachers resumed. And this continued until the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Cape Crillon was a very dangerous place for ships transporting various cargoes to the Korsakov post. In particular, on May 17, 1887, a steamship crashed near Cape Siranusi Voluntary Fleet“Kostroma”, next from the Korsakov post to Douai. Due to inaccuracies in nautical charts, the ship hit rocks and sank on May 23. In this regard, in 1888, a topographical party was sent to Crillon under the leadership of S.A. Varyagin consisting of 22 people. The geodetic coordinates of the capes Sonya (Kuznetsova), Tisia (Anastasia) and Krillon were determined and clarified coastline and measured the depths in the La Perouse Strait. In memory of the death of the Kostroma, a small chapel was built on the shore from the wreckage of the steamer with the face of Nikolai Ugodnik and the inscription “Kostroma 1887”.

Naturally, the need arose to build a lighthouse on Crillon for the safety of ships. The astronomical point at Cape Crillon was determined back in 1867 by Lieutenant Staritsky, and in 1883 construction of the lighthouse began. The work was carried out for 35 days by thirty convicts. During this time, a wooden tower 8.5 m high was built, a caretaker's house, a vegetable garden, and all this was surrounded by a fence. In addition, a powder magazine was built and a road was laid to the shore. The builder of the lighthouse was captain V.Z. Kazarinov. The lighthouse was equipped with a lighting apparatus with 15 argon lamps and a reflector, in addition, a 20-pound bell and a two-pound cannon were installed. The light of the lighthouse was visible at a distance of 15 miles. On June 30, 1883, the lighthouse was consecrated by the bishop of the Korsakov post.

Martimian, who specially arrived from Blagoveshchensk. In 1885, exiled convicts, specially brought to the cape, built a 12-meter tower in order to install it on the Danger Stone. The Tunguz steamship, which arrived to help install this tower, could not cope with the work, so the tower was dismantled and taken to the Imperial Harbor in Primorye, where it was installed at the entrance to the harbor. The most alarming time of the late nineteenth century. For the residents of the Krillon lighthouse, it was 1885, when 40 exiled convicts escaped from the Korsakov post. Most of them, along the eastern coast, reached the Crillon lighthouse, where they plundered a food warehouse, seized boats and fled by sea to Japan. There they introduced themselves as German sailors, but were exposed and sent back to Sakhalin. In fact, the Krillon lighthouse, being the only populated area in the extreme southwest of Sakhalin, was a rather attractive object for escaped convicts. In September 1885, another group of convicts escaped from the Korsakov post and killed the senior guard and his assistant near the Ventosa borough. In memory of this villainous act, the cape was renamed Cape Kanabeev.

Since ancient times, Cape Kanabeev has gained fame as one of the most inaccessible places on the Aniva coast. The Ainu, who hunted seals and sea lions near the cape, called it Vennochi"evil demon" Since the middle of the 19th century, Japanese fishermen who established seasonal settlements here called its rocky cape and the stone banks near it Randomari “stop along the way.” The escaped convicts, having reached the village of Tonnai (Okhotskoye), brutally killed 11 Ainu, including a 4-year-old child and an elder. Then four convicts moved from the lake. Tunaicha to the lake Chibisansky, stole a boat and on it, going out into Aniva Bay, headed to the Crillon lighthouse. On October 3, 20 miles from the lighthouse, they noticed the senior warden of the Tymov prison, nobleman Kanabeev, who, with several exiled convicts, was driving a herd of bulls purchased from the lighthouse keeper. Declaring that they were going to surrender, the fugitives joined the warden. At the overnight stop, one of them hacked to death Kanabeev and one exile. The murderer, who was subsequently caught, was sentenced to death by hanging. And the cape was renamed in memory of those events, but the new name did not take root immediately.

On August 7, 1894, construction began on the capital building for the lighthouse at Cape Crillon. Construction was carried out by foremen Shipulin and Yakovlev with the help of 25 Korean workers. Red brick was imported from Japan, Oregon pine from America. The lighthouse was to be equipped with a lighting device from Barbier et Bernard. By August 1, 1896, all work was completed. The building was built and combined with residential premises, a new siren was installed to give signals in foggy weather, and a new bell weighing 488 kg. This is how he has remained to this day. Only the living quarters were turned into utility rooms, the bell was removed in 1980 and is located in the military unit in Korsakov, and in its place at the lighthouse is a Japanese-made reserve bell from the lighthouse at Cape Veslo, on Kunashir.

At the end of the nineteenth century. the Far Eastern borders of Russia were guarded by ships of the Siberian flotilla, based in Vladivostok since 1897. The ships carried out cruising service and carried out a wide variety of assignments from hydrological research to postal and passenger transportation. One of these ships was the naval gunboat "Sivuch". In the summer of 1889, the commander of the Sivuch, Captain 2nd Rank Kasherininov, received from the head of the Pacific Ocean squadron Nazimov an unusual task: the boat was to accompany the head of the South Ussuriysk mountain expedition, engineer D.L. Ivanov, who studied the geological structure of the shores of the Tatar Strait and the Sea of ​​Japan.

On August 16, "Sivuch" went to the La Perouse Strait along the eastern coast of the Crillon Peninsula. According to D.L. The Ivanova coast was geologically interesting, so the ship sailed 3-4 km from the coast, making frequent stops. Taking advantage of the opportunity, the sailors constantly took depth measurements. However, they could not be put on the map due to large inaccuracies in the contour of the coast on it. D.L. Ivanov carried out geological research in Kuznetsovo Bay.

On September 22, 1895, the Crillon lighthouse was visited by Admiral S.O. Makarov, where a graduated staff was installed to measure fluctuations in water masses in the Strait of La Perouse. Even earlier, in 1893, a 2nd class, 1st class weather station was built next to the lighthouse. At the end of 1896, a total solar eclipse was observed from the Crillon lighthouse by an expedition specially sent for this purpose under the leadership of Major General E.V. Maidel.

XX century marked the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The team of the Crillon lighthouse was strengthened to 15 people instead of 8. The telegraph line from the Crillon lighthouse to Korsakov was built on September 30, 1904, despite the fact that the question of its construction was raised back in 1893. There was little sense from this line, because . The lighthouse keeper and his crew were often intoxicated. The duties of the caretaker were practically performed by his 12-year-old daughter, taking care of the warehouses and the crew’s provisions.

On April 25, Second Lieutenant P. Mordvinov arrived at Crillon at the head of a detachment of 40 warriors and the first non-commissioned officer. This detachment repaired the telegraph line on the section of the Crillon metro station. Uryum, as well as the destruction of Japanese fisheries and kungas. Acting at his own peril and risk, P. Mordvinov and his detachment destroyed the pirate base on the island. Moneron. The Japanese search for the detachment was unsuccessful. The detachment's return to the cape coincided with the beginning of hostilities on Sakhalin, and the defense of the lighthouse was prepared in 2 days. However, on June 26, a Japanese landing force, consisting of the cruisers Suma and Chiyoda and 4 destroyers, approached the lighthouse. Pyotr Mordvinov, seeing the numerical superiority of the Japanese, gave the order to retreat in full force, leaving the lighthouse. The keeper and sailor Burav remained at the lighthouse and tried to burn the lighthouse, but the keeper forbade him to do this, fearing to be punished by the Japanese.

The second lieutenant's detachment, having completed a 7-day march, united with the detachment of staff captain Dvirsky in the village. Petropalovskoe. After holding out in the forests for a month and a half, on August 17 he was completely destroyed by the Japanese in the upper reaches of the river. Naiby. This was the end of the Crillon detachment under the command of Pyotr Mordvinov, whom the Japanese themselves respected for their exploits, considering them a worthy adversary.

Period 1905-1945 on the Crillon Peninsula was marked by the appearance of the first permanent settlements. The main type of settlement on the peninsula was similar to the Japanese settlement system in Hokkaido. At the mouths large rivers As a rule, there was a large settlement; a road with a chain of farmsteads went deep into the peninsula along river valleys. The main occupation of the local population, consisting mainly of Japanese settlers, remained fishing, but logging (east coast) and coal mining (west coast) were already mixed in with it. In addition, the population was engaged in gardening. During this period, at least 50 settlements, the majority were farmsteads. Large peninsula-scale settlements existed on both coasts and had post offices, schools, and shops. Immediately after the capture of Southern Sakhalin, the Japanese began to break through a road to the south along the eastern shore to the Krillon lighthouse. The lighthouse itself was repaired, and a weather station with an elaborate rainwater collection system was built next to it. The weather station began operating in July 1909. In 1914, a lighthouse complex was built at Cape Sonya (Kuznetsova). On east coast peninsula, apparently at the same time 2 towers were built in Kirillovo and on metro Anastasia. In August 1945, the 2nd battalion of the 25th infantry regiment was stationed at Cape Crillon. Soviet paratroopers who landed to liberate the southwestern tip of Sakhalin Island met fierce resistance from the Japanese. Unfortunately, the names of the paratroopers are unknown, as is their number resting in a mass grave on the southernmost point of Sakhalin. At the end of the war, the lighthouse was repaired and put into operation. From 1945 to 1947 The population of the Crillon Peninsula was repatriated. In 1947, Japanese place names were replaced by Russian ones. Russian settlers settled the peninsula and settled in the same villages. Japanese farms were plundered and turned into hunting lodges, some of them burned down, others gradually collapsed.

The central settlements survived longer, but they were also closed in 1963, 1964, 1965, 1978, 1982. The largest ones “lasted” the longest: Atlasovo, Pereputye, Khvostovo. Previously, you could get to Anastasia metro station by regular bus, but now that the upper road to Kanabeeva metro station is abandoned, you can walk or go by sea. Historians and archaeologists are attracted here by the monuments of ancient and medieval history, tourists and photographers by the beauty of the “stone garden” on the right bank of the river. Anastasia. The traditional name of the cape is Chishiya, after which Japanese fishermen called the seasonal fishing grounds that existed at the end of the 19th century, and the village during the period of the governorship of Karafuto. The first Russian name was given by Lieutenant N.V. Rudanovsky during a trip to Southern Sakhalin. On January 14, 1854, Rudanovsky crossed Aniva Bay on skis from Siranusi. The food ran out and it was not possible to replenish it in Siranusi, so he called the first cape, which he had to go around by mountains, Hungry. Under this name it is placed on the map compiled by the lieutenant.

On Russian maps of the 19th-20th centuries. Both the new and old names of the cape are mentioned. A number of sources give the name of the Two Brothers rock, which gave its name to the flowing river. During the reign of the first Soviet administration, the civil administration apparatus carried out a lot of work to rename settlements. In one of the first options in the “Help on renaming settlements...” p. Tisia was renamed Anastasia. In the “Notes” column an ​​explanation is given - “but it is in tune, accepted among sailors.” Many fishing vessels did not have their own maps, but used old Japanese ones. In 1947, the executive committee of the Aniva District Council of Workers' Deputies renamed the village. Tisia in Atlasovo "in honor of the discoverer of Sakhalin Atlasov." The village existed under this name until its abolition in March 1978. Now the border post located in the valley bears this name. At present, the picture on the peninsula is the same as it was 100 years ago: there is a lighthouse and a weather station at Cape Crillon, military and border units are stationed, fishing camps are scattered throughout the eastern and western shores during the fishing season, and by the fall they are winding down their work. On the western bank to the south of Shebunino there are 2 border outposts “Pereputye” and “Kraynyaya”, occupied not so much with guarding the border as with survival; on the eastern bank south of Kirillovo there is one at Cape Anastasia, the situation of which is the most difficult due to isolation . In 1948-51. There was a nature reserve "Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky" on the peninsula. The short-lived commandment ended during the Stalinist transformation of nature. On March 14, 1972, the turbulent and sad history of the Crillon Peninsula reserve begins. Here is a brief retelling of the story based on the documents that were found (see. appendices a, b) .

2 Tourist activities on the Crillon Peninsula

2.1 Natural monuments

The territory of the Crillon Peninsula is rich in tourist natural sites. Types of tourism are mainly water and walking. The historical and unique natural sites of the peninsula are especially popular.

Cape Crillon can rightfully be called an open-air museum. Students of Sakhalin State University professor A.A. Vasilevsky, three hundred meters from Cape Crillon, they discovered a site of people who lived here seven thousand years ago. Shards of Jurchen dishes were found (Jurchens are tribes that inhabited the territory of Manchuria, Central and North-Eastern China in the 10th-15th centuries, North Korea and Primorsky Krai. They spoke the Jurchen language of the Tungus-Manchu group. Largest state The Jurchens existed from 1115-1234), the Far Eastern empire that perished from the soldiers of Genghis Khan, about three kilometers from the cape, on a terrace near the Pekarni River, the remains of a fortress were found, known to archaeologists as the Krillon settlement, or Siranusi. The construction of the lighthouse on Cape Crillon was entrusted to the head of the Hydrographic Department of the ports of the Eastern Ocean, Captain V.Z. Kazarinov. Construction began on May 13, 1883. The work, in which 30 exiled convicts took part, lasted 35 days. A wooden tower 8.5 m high, a caretaker's house, a barracks, and a bathhouse were erected. The lighting apparatus with silver-plated reflectors was equipped with 15 argant lamps. To produce fog signals, a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell were installed at the lighthouse. On June 24, a test lighting of the lighthouse was carried out: in good weather, the light was visible 15 miles away.

In the early 90s of the 19th century, the need arose to build new lighthouses and leading signs on Sakhalin. On the one hand, this was caused by the emergence of new and improved lighthouse systems, and on the other hand, by the deplorable state of Sakhalin lighthouses. The Main Hydrographic Directorate in St. Petersburg developed a “Plan for lighthouse work in the Eastern Ocean”, designed for 1892-1897.

A contract was concluded with the French company Barbier et Benard, which had proven itself so brilliantly that even England, known for its maritime priorities, purchased its lighting equipment for lighthouses. They consisted of one kerosene burner (instead of 15 oil burners on the old systems) and produced a beam of light with an intensity of 150,000 candles instead of several hundred on the old ones. The light from the burner was focused in a lens up to 1.5 m in diameter, consisting of several rows of glass rings mounted in a bronze frame.

Work on the construction of new lighthouses began in 1894. On August 7, construction began on the new Crillon lighthouse using bricks brought from Japan. The decision to build a lighthouse from red brick, engineer-colonel K.I. Leopold, who led the work, explained the features of the area: if you look at the lighthouse from the sea, it merges with the sky, so it was necessary to make it more prominent.

By August 1, 1896, the installation and adjustment of the lighting apparatus at the Crillon lighthouse was completed. In a room located at the southernmost point of Cape Crillon, a new pneumatic siren with a kerosene engine manufactured by the English company Canter, Harl and Co. was installed. It was intended to produce “fog signals” lasting 5 s at intervals of 100 s. A special signal cannon of the 1867 model was placed next to the siren building.

There were many remarkable events in the history of the Crillon lighthouse, one of which was the visit of the lighthouse by the famous Russian explorer and navigator Admiral S.O. Makarov.

On September 22, 1895, in the logbook of the Krillon lighthouse, the caretaker R. Shulganovich made an entry: “The cruiser Kornilov arrived at the lighthouse.” Rear Admiral Makarov, who visited the lighthouse, ordered the installation of a footpole. The century mark is stamped on the W side.” The surviving remains of a century-old stamp today are the only evidence of S.O. Makarov’s visit to Sakhalin Island. Cape Crillon was observed by A.P. Chekhov from board the steamship "Baikal" during the Sakhalin voyage in 1890. On the territory of the cape you can find the remains of a Japanese and Soviet fortified area (pillboxes, a network of underground passages designed to defend the southern borders of the island), buildings made of red Japanese brick dating back to the Tsarist era, there are also active military and border units, a weather station of a very original construction (a building with rainwater intake). This weather station began operating in July 1909, carrying out meteorological and marine coastal observations.

Rice. 7 Cape Crillon.

Cape Windies (Kovrizhka) its shape resembles a cake with walls sloping vertically in all directions. A narrow isthmus connects it to the coast. The name is translated from the Ainu language as “bad dwelling.” The Ainu called capes bad and bad, which were dangerous to go around by boat and had to be walked around along the shore. Due to its trapezoidal shape, the cape is also called Kovrizhka. On its flat top (height 78 m) several archaeological sites of ancient man were found. You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with forbs, using a rope located there.

Rice. 8 Cape Windies.

Cape Kuznetsov state zoological natural monument of regional significance, founded in 1986. The cape was named in honor of Captain 1st Rank D.I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to guard Russian borders.

The cape is located on the southwestern coast of the Crillon Peninsula. The relief of the monument is represented by a leveled plateau-like surface and steep sea shores. Since 1857, detachments of Pacific Ocean vessels were sent to the Far East to protect the outskirts of Russia. The first detachment was commanded by Captain D.I. Kuznetsov, in whose honor the cape was named. In the south it ends in a rock resembling a man's face in profile. In the central part of the cape, at its very tip, there is the Kuznetsova lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Previously, the cape and bay were called Sonya, which translated from Ainu means columnar rocks or reefs and reflects the characteristics of this place. On the cape there is a seal rookery, as well as a large colony of seabirds - cormorants, gulls, and auks.

The underwater world of the cape is very beautiful and interesting, in many ways similar to the island of Moneron. The cape is of the greatest ornithological value: the main migration routes of birds pass along the eastern and western coasts. Cormorants, falcons, gulls, guillemots, and hawks nest on the almost treeless slopes of sea terraces. The rarest bird species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and Sakhalin region: Japanese crane, horned moorhen, green pigeon, Japanese starling, mandarin duck, egret, Japanese white-eye, red-legged crake, peregrine falcon, Japanese quail, etc.

If you climb the Kuznetsov Plateau in good weather, you can see Japan: the high cone of the Rishiri volcano island, Rebun Island, Hokkaido Island.

Rice. 9 Cape Kuznetsov.

Waterfalls of Cape Zamirailova Golova. Cape Zamirailov Golova is long and narrow, connected to the mainland by an elongated sandy bridge 25-29 m high. At the lowest point of this area there are two waterfalls 25 and 28 m high (1.5 km north of the mouth of the Zamirailovka River).

Rice. 10 Waterfall of Cape Zamirailova Golova.

Danger Stone. The rock is located 14 km southeast of Cape Krillon the extreme southern point of Sakhalin Island in the La Perouse Strait. It is a small group of bare rocks devoid of vegetation. The length is about 150 m, the width is about 50 m, the height is 7.9 m. It was discovered for Europeans in August 1787 by the expedition of La Perouse, who named the dangerous rock (French: La Dangereuse), since it greatly hampered the movement of ships along the La Perouse Strait, which was aggravated by frequent fogs in the summer. To avoid a collision, sailors were posted on the ships, whose duty was to listen to the roar of the sea lions located on the Danger Stone. In 1913, a concrete tower with an autonomous lighthouse 18 m high was erected on the rock, and a fog bell was installed next to it.

Rice. 11 Stone of Danger.

Some of the information about the monuments of this area is reflected in the reports and field studies of Sakhalin archaeologists. Many of them have been published. For example, S. M. Pervukhin made a great contribution to the study of monuments and the entire peninsula.

In this certificate, this information is supplemented and summarized as much as possible. Work on the description of archaeological monuments in this area and the search for new ones are due to the urgent need to carry out protective measures caused by the rapid economic development of the coast in last years. In addition to the traditional summer pastures of the Pogranichny state farm, seasonal fishing crews have recently set up camp here on each river. The pre-estuary areas on the rivers Bachinskaya, Kopilka, and Yuzhnaya Pochinka have been completely destroyed. Settlement South Pochinka. The settlement is located 8 km southwest of Taranai. It is located on the cape-shaped terrace of the right bank. South Pochinka. There are 5 square-shaped pits of semi-underground dwellings located in a row, measuring from 5 to 10 m in diameter, up to 0.5 m deep. The territory of the settlement is overgrown with small birch trees, bamboo, grass and shrubs. On outcrops of the cultural layer, lifting material was collected: fragments of “naiji” ceramics - thick-walled ceramic vessels with internal ears, used by the Ainu of Southern Sakhalin in the 13th-16th centuries. The settlement was first explored by researchers from the archaeological laboratory of the USGPI A.A. Vasilevsky and I.A. Samarin in 1992

2.2 Historical sites

Fortification

The remains of an engineering structure, most likely a Japanese searchlight post or artillery position, were discovered 2.5 km northeast of Cape Crillon. At the edge of the 20th terrace there is a lunette, surrounded on three sides by a low rampart. From it, perpendicular to the edge of the terrace, there is a flat trench 3 m wide. The 75 m long trench ends with a concrete shelter, from which two chambers have survived. The northern chamber is a hangar with a gate, in which there was a mobile searchlight installation, and the southern chamber is a storage or living space. The western part of the structure has collapsed; the remains of a hangar and a utility room with a stove remain.

Rice. 12 Fortification structure.

Parking lot Shebunino 1 (Minaminayosi)

Located along the banks of the river. Shebuninka near the mouth. Stone tools and ceramics from the Epizemon, Susuya and Towada cultures were found.

Rice. 13 Shebunino parking lot 1.

Parking lot Ivanovka 1 (Muidomari)

Located on a 6-10-meter sandy sea terrace 3.5 km south of Shebunino along the banks of a stream with a waterfall. The monument was opened by Kimura Shinroku in 1932. In 1981, S.V. Gorbunov collected lifting material here, and in 1988-1989. carried out excavations, as a result of which from an excavation area of ​​328 square meters. m, 92,000 artifacts and ecofacts were obtained, including many woody and faunal remains, wood, bone, stone and Enoura-type ceramics dating from the 7th-8th centuries. H.E. Of greatest interest are wooden products: bows, arrows, parts of traps and crossbows, bow drills for making fire, figurines of animals, mainly pigs, which indicates the development of pig farming.

3 Development of the water-motor route “Cape Crillon”

Route thread : Shebunino village Krugly Cape Kuznetsov Cape Krillon Cape Anastasia Cape Kanabeevka Cape Kirillovo village.

Hiking area : the route passes through the territory of the municipal districts: “Nevelsk City District” and “Aniva City District”.

Type of tourism: water (pedestrian).

Season: June-September.

Duration: 3-4 days.

Length: 170 km.

Degree of difficulty:2nd category of complexity. Age, number and experience of participants. Recommended age of participants is from 16 years. To safely complete the route, the recommended group size is up to 15 people. For participation in water trip experience of passing routes 1-2 k.s. is required.

Cost: 64,000 rub.

3.1 Description of the area

On the map, Sakhalin Island resembles a fish. The left end of the “tail fin” is occupied by the Crillon Peninsula. Its length is 90 km and its width is from 20 to 40 km. Due to heavy cloud cover, the duration of solar activity on the island is an order of magnitude lower than on the mainland. But the Crillon Peninsula is the warmest place in the Sakhalin region. From time to time, residents of urban districts can enjoy warm and even hot, sunny and dry summers. The coastal strip is indented by wide ravines with thick green grass and small mountain rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. The largest of them are Lovetskaya, Nevelskaya, Kazachka. There are small mountain lakes, waterfalls, and mineral springs.

For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. Crillon was in the past part of the huge Sakhalin-Hokkaido Peninsula. As a result of warming and cooling caused by ice ages, it changed its shape more than once, until 12 thousand years ago it completely separated from Hokkaido. It was at this time that the obsidian “paths” broke off - the routes along which the migration of the most ancient hunters for obsidian, raw materials for the manufacture of tools and hunting, took place.

By the expedition of the Dutchman M.G. The frieze peninsula of Crillon was mistaken for a continuation of Hokkaido, the fault of which was fog, which was common at this time of year. The error existed for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. During his expedition, La Perouse did not discover the strait, which was later named after himself, and did not describe the western coast of Sakhalin. Encountering shallow water in the north and considering the island to be a peninsula, he sailed south and anchored near Cape Maidel. During this stop, he hosted residents of the Crillon Peninsula on board, replenished fresh water supplies, sent a small group of researchers ashore, which climbed Mount Crillon and examined the surrounding area. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to this day: Moneron, Crillon, De Langle.

Due to its geographical proximity, Crillon was under the influence of Japan for a long time, until finally the entire territory of Sakhalin began to belong to Russia. However, this did not prevent the Japanese from fishing in the immediate vicinity of the shores, mooring the shore, and carrying out repair work there. Apart from a few settlements in the north of the peninsula, both along the western and eastern shores, it was uninhabited during the cold season; when it warmed up, fishing by Japanese poachers resumed. This continued until the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

The Crillon Peninsula is quite unique place by its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in history, and also pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and watch various animals and birds. On the Crillon Peninsula, settlement sites of the former population of the peninsula, the Japanese and the Ainu, have been partially preserved to this day. The port-bucket and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

The southernmost point of the peninsula is Cape Crillon of the same name. The name was given by the great French navigator Jean-François de La Pérouse in honor of the French military leader Louis-Balbes de Crillon. From the north, the cape is connected by a narrow, but high and steep isthmus with the Krillon Peninsula, which is washed in the west by the Sea of ​​Japan, in the east by the waters of Aniva Bay. To the south is the La Perouse Strait, separating the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido. At Cape Crillon, an old Russian signal cannon has been preserved, a weather station operates, and a lighthouse of the Pacific Fleet and a military unit are located here.

The first temporary lighthouse of Crillon was built on May 13, 1883. The lighthouse building was a log wooden tower 8.5 meters high. At the same time, a barracks for lighthouse keepers, a bathhouse and other outbuildings were built. The lighthouse's lighting consisted of 15 argant lamps, fueled with oil, and was equipped with a silver-plated reflector. The light of the lighthouse gave continuous white light. To give signals in the fog, the lighthouse had a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell.

Rice. 16 The first temporary lighthouse of Crillon.

On August 7, 1894, construction began on a new lighthouse building next to the old building made of red brick brought from Japan. By August 1, 1896, work on the construction of a new lighthouse building was completed and a new lighting device from a French company was installed at the lighthouse. In the post-war years, in 1980, the inhabitants of the Crillon lighthouse, who lived in the lighthouse and technical building, moved to a newly built 8-apartment building. A 3-kilometer water pipeline was laid to it, and a pumping station was built. The lighthouse also underwent alteration; the gable roof was dismantled. The new flat roof was filled with varnish, but now this no longer helps, and the building mercilessly leaks so much that sometimes it shorts out the contacts on the equipment.

In the 1950s, at the southernmost tip of Cape Crillon there was a small monument made of natural stone and erected, according to the recollections of old-timers, in 1945. By decision of the Sakhalin Regional Executive Committee of March 9, 1971 No. 98, the monument was placed under state protection.

Part of the route runs along the territory of the zoological natural monument of regional significance “Cape Kuznetsov”. The territory of the natural monument is the only year-round rookery for sea lions and seals in the south of Sakhalin. The Kuznetsovka River valley is home to many rare plant species and a nesting site for rare bird species. Main objects of protection: rookeries of sea lions and seals; nesting sites for rare bird species; places where rare and endemic plant species grow, listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Region.

Security mode: the water route does not pass through a specially protected natural area; in case of organizing a hiking trip, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the protection regime of the natural monument of regional significance “Cape Kuznetsov”.

Route description

The route is very popular. Among Sakhalin tourists, it is of interest to pedestrians, jeepers and water tourists traveling on motor-sailing vessels or sea kayaks. The route abounds big amount capes, difficult-to-pass pressure areas, complicated by the lack of populated areas. This route is especially interesting if you observe the shores of the Krillon Peninsula from the sea, traveling on small boats.

The route can start from the village of Shebunino, where you can get there by vehicle of any terrain. The first amazing place that a traveler sees from the sea is Cape Vindis and Mount Kovrizhka, which is located on the cape and is a rock with a flat top and steep, almost vertical walls. From a distance, the cape looks like an island: when viewed from the north and south, it is trapezoidal, and from the west, it is square. Around this rock you can see many large stones of different shapes and types; crabs and seals are also found here. On the flat top of the cape (78 m high) several archaeological sites of ancient man were found.

The name Cape Windis is translated from the Ainu language as “bad dwelling.” The Ainu called bad capes bad capes, which were dangerous to go around by boat and had to be walked around the shore. Because of its trapezoidal shape, the mountain on the cape is also called “Kovrizhka”. You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with forbs, but it is quite difficult to overcome the last 7-8 m without special equipment.

Further along the route is another place of interest - the zoological natural monument “Cape Kuznetsov”. This place is also notable for the beauty of the coast. In the direction of the southwest, a strip of steep cliffs with heights of up to 50-60 meters stretches for 2300 meters. Among the geomorphological objects, one can highlight giant “fingers”, “arches”, “gates” - all of this is scattered in picturesque disorder near the shore. The shores themselves hang menacingly over the surface of the water, forming huge wave-breaking niches. The extensive bench area extends approximately 600-800 m into the strait, so in calm sunny weather the waves do not reach the shore. In the south, the cape ends in a rock resembling a man's face in profile.

Currently, in the lower reaches of the Kuznetsovka River there is “Noah’s Ark” - this is what people call the subsidiary farm of the “Cape Kuznetsov” enterprise. This closed place is fenced with a cordon, behind which there is an eco-village. There is a small church on the territory of the ecovillage. And indeed, who and what is there? Horses, pigs, goats, rams, turkeys, ducks, geese graze on the seashore. Wild animals also found shelter: porcupines, ostriches, the little fox Yashka, and the bear Mashka.

In the central part of Cape Kuznetsov (the Japanese called it Sony), at the very tip there is the Kuznetsovo lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Its height above sea level is 78.5 m. Previously, the cape and bay were called Sonya, which translated from Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the features of this place.

The southern tip of Cape Kuznetsov turns into a two-kilometer beach stretching westward to the long and narrow Cape Zamirailov Golov. The cape has a height of 87.5 m. There is a trig point at the top. The elongated cape is surrounded from the north by Kamoi Bay, which has sandy beaches, and from the south is Cape Zamirailov's Head.

Moving south, the route approaches the long-awaited Cape Crillon, the southern point of the peninsula. This is one large Japanese fortified area where you can walk for weeks looking for military pillboxes, underground passages, cannons, and trenches. In these places it is worth visiting the Crillon lighthouse, more than 8 meters high, which has a unique and long history, as well as a monument erected on the cape in honor of the fallen soldiers during the liberation of southern Sakhalin in 1945. It is recommended to take a day at Cape Crillon to explore the local attractions. There is a border post on the cape, where you need to register your visit. Also, the movement of small vessels requires notification of the border service.

Next, the route will go along the other coast of Sakhalin along Aniva Bay in a northern direction through the interesting and beautiful capes of Anastasia and Kanabeev and ends at the mouth of the Uryum River ( old village Kirillovo). Throughout this section there are often fishing camps and fixed seines in the sea (care must be taken on small vessels). From the Uryum River you can travel by car to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

In general, when setting out on a route on a small vessel, it is necessary to take into account the risks associated with the weather; it changes very quickly in this area. When passing Cape Crillon, it is necessary to take into account the ripples and constant currents of the La Perouse Strait.

List of attractions and tourist attractions:Cape Vindis, Cape Kuznetsov, sea lion rookery of Cape Kuznetsov, Cape Krillon, village. Atlasova, Cape Kanabeev; open along the entire route beautiful landscapes, picturesque sea and hills.

Check-in and check-out:you can get to the beginning of the route by any type of vehicle to the village of Shebunino; The route exits from the mouth of the Uryum River (Kirillovo village).

Emergency entry, exit or exit options:on the section of the route from the village of Shebunino to Cape Crillon, you can leave the route by off-road vehicles. Particularly difficult by car is the Cape Kuznetsov pass and the pressure in front of Crillon. It is also possible to travel by off-road vehicles on the eastern section of Krillon from the Uryum River to the Moguchi River (a particular difficulty is the passage of vehicles through river mouths). In the section from Cape Krillon to the Moguchi River, exit from the route is only possible on foot (through Cape Kanabeev there is no passage) or by water transport.

Parking places and their descriptions. Choosing a good site is easy: large clearings, a sufficient amount of firewood, clean water from small streams flowing into the sea will allow you to set up a camp as comfortably as possible.

The most interesting and convenient parking lots:

1. Cape Windies north side, there is a small stream, nice clearing, not enough wood.

2. Cape Kuznetsov (Komoi Bay) a beautiful cozy place, sheltered from the wind, plenty of firewood, water from small streams.

3. The mouth of the Bakery River (ravine in front of Cape Crillon) convenient parking, good water, firewood on the beach.

4. Cape Anastasia a convenient bucket for settling in bad weather, the area is polluted with man-made debris, and there is often a fishing camp.

Conclusion

The purpose of the work was to review and identify the tourism opportunities of the Crillon Peninsula and evaluate natural conditions and resources of the peninsula for the development of tourism.

To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set before the work:

1. The geographical location of the peninsula determines its uniqueness. The Crillon Peninsula is a rather unique place in its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in history, and also pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and watch various animals and birds. On the Crillon Peninsula, settlement sites of the former population of the peninsula, the Japanese and the Ainu, have been partially preserved to this day. The port-bucket and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

2. A large number of natural and historical monuments, some of them are difficult to access; in addition to their uniqueness, this attracts tourists even more.

3. Despite all the beauty of this place, the peninsula is far from tourist place. There are no excursions or tours here, there are no tourist centers here. This is due to the fact that two currents meet near the Crillon Peninsula. Cold from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and warm from the Tatar Strait, which ensures windiness and rain. You can get here only by car or on your own by organizing a hike. In any case, unfavorable weather conditions do not stop those who decide to visit this unique peninsula.

List of sources used

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2. Gorbunov S.V. Zoomorphic figurines of the Ivanovka site // Research on the archeology of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. II. Abstracts of the conference. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1989. p. 14-15.

3. Gorbunov S.V. Catalog of archaeological collections of the Nevelsk Museum of History and Local Lore // Collection of archaeological monuments of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Vol. 2. YuzhnoSakhalinsk, 1996. p. 123.

4. Gluzdovsky V.E. Catalog of the Museum of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region // Notes of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region (Vladivostok branch of the Amur Department of the IRGO). 4.1, Vol. IX. Vladivostok, Printing house of the "Commercial and Industrial Bulletin of the Far East". 1907, p. 121.

5. Ito Nobuo. Earthen fortifications Chinese type on Karafuto // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 3, 1996. p. 36-41.

6. Klitin A.K. Rediscovering Sakhalin: Backpacking through Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Publishing house "Sakhalin Priamurskie Vedomosti", 2010. p. 304.

7. Klitin A.K., Brovko P.F., Gorbunov A.O. Waterfalls. Series “Natural history of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands” / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: state budgetary cultural institution “Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore”, 2013. p. 168.

8. Multimedia encyclopedia “Protected territories” / Sakhalin regional public organization Club "Boomerang", 2010 p. 131.

9. Niyoka T., Utagawa H. Archaeological monuments on Southern Sakhalin. Sapporo, 1990 (in Japanese). With. 34-36.

10. Monuments and memorable places Korsakovsky district / MU "Centralized library system of the Korsakovsky district." - Korsakov, 2008p. 56-84.

11. Pervukhina E .L. , M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Alexandrovskoe coast Trillium. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: KANO Publishing House, 2001. p. 110 × 121.

12. Pervukhin S.M., M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Krillon Trillium Peninsula. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: KANO Publishing House, 2001. p. 93 110.

13. Pervukhina, M.Yu. Lozovoy. Narrow-gauge locomotives of the Agnevo mine // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1999. p. 350 -355.

14. Plotnikov N.V. Archaeological exploration in the Nevelsk region in 1990 // Regional History Bulletin, 1991. p. 201-204.

15. Prokofiev M.M., Deryugin V.A., Gorbunov S.V. Ceramics of the Satsumon culture and its finds on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1990. p. 187-190.

16.Rivers of Sakhalin/ Sakhalin Energy Invest Company Ltd. Vladivostok: Orange Publishing House, 2013. p. 156.

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18. Samarin I.A.. Krillon detachment // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 1, 1995. p. 3-18.

19. Samarin I.A.. Cape Kanabeev // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 5, 1998. p. 26-39.

20. Samarin I.A.. Cape Anastasia // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6, 1999. p. 43-65.

21. Samarin I.A., Shubina O.A. Results of the survey of historical and archeological monuments on the peninsula during the 1996 field season // Regional History Bulletin, 1997. No. 4. p. 19-58.

22. Samarin I.A.. Lighthouses of Sakhalin // Local history bulletin. No. 1, 1994. p. 5-8.

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26. Samarin I.A. , O.A. Shubina. Current state of the ancient settlement of Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997. p. 56-72.

27. Svyatozar Demidovich Galtsev-Bezyuk / Toponymic Dictionary of the Sakhalin Region, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Far Eastern Book Publishing House, Sakhalin Branch, 1992. p. 34-46.

28. Hirokawa Yoshinaga, Yamada Goro. ABOUT current state earthen fortress of Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997. p. 74-93.

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Applications

a) Decision No. 329 of September 15, 1982 of the Sakhalin Regional Council of People's Deputies:

Approve the Regulations; extend the period for 10 years for the purpose of protecting and reproducing rare and valuable animals: sable, otter, released for acclimatization of Canadian beavers (by then dead), eagles, hazel grouse, sea and waterfowl, taimen, masu salmon, pink salmon, as well as protection their habitat.

The reserve performs the functions of maintaining the integrity of natural communities, conservation, reproduction and restoration of economically, scientifically and culturally valuable animals, as well as rare and endangered wild animals.

Restrictions have been established on the following types of activities:

a) hunting and fishing,

b) tourism and other forms of organized recreation for the population,

c) collecting mushrooms, berries, medicinal and ornamental plants,

d) use of pesticides,

e) off-road traffic.

It should be noted that all this time, young cattle were grazed in the floodplains of spawning rivers. Every year the cattle bears took their tribute, for which they were shot. Here the huntsman Kartavykh obtained a bear, whose skull at the international exhibition of trophies turned out to be larger than the trophy of Ceausescu himself.

Decision of the Sakha Oblast Executive Committee No. 391 of December 23, 1987 “On partial amendment of the Regulations on the State Defense Order “Crillon Peninsula” No. 329”:

Fishing restrictions introduced in 1982 contributed to an increase in numbers various types fish living in the reservoirs of the reserve. Taking into account the proposal of the hunting management, I decided:

Introduced in clause 3.5. Regulation No. 329 has the following addition:

Amateur fishing is permitted on the territory of the reserve. To carry out biological reclamation in rivers and catch weed fish, the use of nets is permitted, as an exception, under permits issued by the hunting department. Control is entrusted to the rangers. Chairman of the regional executive committee I. I. Kuropatko.

For reference, in the period preceding this decision, the fisheries inspection inspectorate seized up to 36 large taimen per day from violators. From then on, a massive invasion began on the peninsula. The local district administration tried to take control of the process and introduced an entry fee. The reserve served, and still serves, as a place for “royal” hunting and fishing. For example, during Putin’s visit, Chernomyrdin was with him, who, instead of boring excursions, went to Tambovka and killed a bear. It is also the site of serious battles for influence between local fisheries and game management.

Internal memo “On the advisability of maintaining the status of the Cape Crillon nature reserve”:

The number of rare fish, birds and wild animals, for which the reserve was supposedly created, has today reached a critical point of complete extinction. The area along the reserve receives practically no products and no income. Based on the above, I consider it inappropriate to further extend the status of the Cape Crillon reserve; I propose using these lands for the development of small businesses and farms. Art. State Inspector of the Aniva Fishery Protection Inspectorate Aisin N. T. 1992

In the 90s, there was a rapid growth of fisheries here. It is limited only by the inaccessibility of the area and the lack of valuable objects. Repeated attempts to restore at least some order fail. The most harmful is the spring fishery for all kinds of fish. Local rivers still perform the functions of pink salmon reproduction well; in odd-numbered years, spawning grounds become overcrowded and death is possible. Therefore, it is possible to remove pink salmon from rivers, since fishing with sea fixed seines is ineffective here. At the same time, the by-catch of juvenile kunja, rudd and taimen is significant. There is also limited fishing for seal seals and kelp.

b) Order of the administration of the Sakhalin region dated December 24, 2002.

In accordance with paragraph “a” of Article 18 and Article 19 of the Law of the Sakhalin Region No. 214 dated 02.10.2000 “On the development of specially protected areas of the Sakhalin Region”: Cancel the status of the state hunting reserve of regional significance “Crillon Peninsula”. I. P. Farkhutdinov, regional governor.

Game managers managed to get rid of the problem area very easily. The following formulation was used: “the goals of stabilizing the number of wild animals and birds, including those listed in the Red Book, have been fully achieved.” None of the independent experts confirmed this, and there was no environmental impact assessment. In fact, the reserve has failed at least in terms of protecting and reproducing taimen and masu salmon. Since March 2002, several meetings at various levels have been held on the Crillon problem. An option was proposed for organizing a new specially protected natural area for the Russian Far East - a salmon reserve under the management of Sakhalinrybvod.

By order of the governor, a reserve was established on the Crillon Peninsula:

At the request of the deputies and the administration of the Aniva district, the Department of Fisheries and the Committee of Natural Resources are currently working to create a biological and ichthyological reserve on the Crillon Peninsula.

In order to maintain law and order on the territory of the peninsula, suppress poaching, and also taking into account the fire danger period and the upcoming salmon run, the regional governor signed an order on April 30 instructing the departments of the timber and fishing complexes to ensure, together with the regional hunting department, the closure free access beyond the Uryum River to all legal and individuals, who does not have a special pass signed by all three control services. Thus, environmental protection measures make it possible to preserve in their original form the relict forests and the salmon maternity hospital of the Aniva Bay. Press center of the Administration of the Sakhalin Region, 04/30/2003

Unfortunately, the title of this message is typical misinformation. At one time, Sakhalinrybvod actually advocated the creation of an ichthyological reserve with a ban on salmon fishing. There was a wave of publications in the media on this matter “Crillon is not dead”, “Crillon will live”, “Salmon Sanctuary”. But at the decisive meeting on April 28, 2003, the head of the SRV Zatulyakin A.V. abandoned the intention to take this territory under special protection. Governor Farkhutdinov ordered that Putin be held and the question of the feasibility of the reserve returned to consideration in November 2003. Well, I didn’t have time.

Day 1.

All participants meet at the railway station. We get on the bus and go to the Aniva region to the mouth of the Uryum River. We will ford the river, the depth is knee-deep, in some places waist-deep. For the crossing, we change into the shoes we took for water crossings. After the crossing, we change our shoes and walk along a forest dirt road. After which we go to the coast in Kirillovo. Further our path passes along the sand and pebble coast.

We will stop at the Tambovka River for lunch.

After Tambovka, focusing on the low tide, we pass the pressures. At low tide, the shore opens near the rocks and you can walk without getting wet.

We set up camp at the mouth of the Maksimkin River. The attendants prepare a delicious dinner. Near the fire we will get to know each other.

Daily mileage: 21 km.

Day 2.

In the morning, the attendants prepare breakfast according to the layout and duty schedule. After breakfast we pack up and hit the road. On the way we will go into a chalk canyon, where an 8-meter waterfall falls. And the nests of swifts were located in the rocks.

We will stop at the Kura River for lunch. There is a farm at the mouth of the river and horses can be seen grazing on the seashore.

After lunch we will go to the Moguchi River. Walking along the sand and pebble beach. Sometimes walking near the rocks along a stone path, as if the rock had flowed onto the ground, forming a path. Interesting rock will meet along the way, popularly called the Dragon. Multi-colored rocks are shaped like a dragon's face, with an open mouth and sockets for eyes.

Another ford across the Naicha River. A few more kilometers on the sand and we set up camp on the Moguchi River. Hot dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 22 km

Day 3.

After breakfast we pack up camp and hit the road. Today the transition will be difficult. You will have to go around m. Kanabeev on bamboo. Traffic will be very difficult. Walking 5 km will take 4 hours.

Cape Kanabeev is very beautiful. On the cape itself there is a stone arch, to which a meter-wide rock terrace leads. We'll definitely stop by for an inspection and photos. An understanding of security is required because... The depth of the sea near the cape immediately reaches 5 meters.

Today will end at the abandoned camp of Cape Anastasia (non-residential village of Atlasovo). In the sea opposite the cape there are two rocks surrounded by an old destroyed Japanese pier. On the most big rock Once upon a time, the Japanese installed a torii, a Shinto sacred gate to the temple, facing east, towards the rising sun.

The Anastasia River flows near the overnight stay. You can arrange laundry and washing.

200 meters from the camp, a beautiful 20-meter waterfall falls on the coast.

Hot dinner. Overnight.

Mileage of the day: 12 km.

Day 4.

The day is intended for rest after the transition. Wash things, dry them, take a shower and just relax. Relax on Cape Anastasia with soft sunrises and fiery sunsets.

Day 5.

In the morning, after breakfast, we pack up the camp and head out. Today we are heading all the way to Cape Crillon.

The path is beautiful, but has several boulder crossings. When crossing such pressures, you should be careful, take your time and help the participants. In some places, you may need help carrying backpacks first, and then the participants walk lightly. The boys are active and offer a helping hand. Along the way, we will also find many waterfalls, from small to large, from dry to a thin trickle to powerful water streams. For lunch we will stop at a house near the waterfall.

After lunch, a few kilometers will remain and we are finally in Cape Crillon Bay! We set up camp and prepare dinner. We also collect passports and the instructor goes to mark the group with the border guards.

Attention! Cellular communication in Crillon is Japanese, and eats up your entire balance before you even have time to dial a number.

Tomorrow we will have a day and excursion trips around the cape, to places of glory and military fortifications, a lighthouse and a monument, underground passages and cannons.

Daily mileage: 19 km.

Day 6.

Day. The day is dedicated to getting to know the history of the extreme point of Sakhalin Island. The whole day is planned for radial excursions in order to cover as many historical sights associated with the period of the Russian-Japanese War as possible.

We're in no hurry today. We sleep to our heart's content. After late breakfast, we will prepare a lunch snack and go for a walk and sightseeing in Crillon.

We'll start our tour with a monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin and the Southern Kuril Islands. 7 paratroopers are buried in this mass grave. Next, let's go look at the now uninhabited buildings that were built by the Japanese and then by the Russians, everything was mixed up on a small piece of land. Let's crawl around, take a look, and hurry to the fortified area. After all, Cape Crillon is one large fortified area where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, trenches, and cannons. Along the road we will climb to a large plateau overgrown with bamboo, where the cannons are hidden in the thick tall grass. A little further away you can see the canopy of the command post, and now we are already inside.

The walls and steps were lined with natural stone by the Japanese; the masonry is still preserved, like new.

Let's go up and the entire La Perouse Strait is in front of us, at a glance. Let's move on, there is a whole cannon in an underground shelter, all the levers are still in working order.

Below you can see a hole that goes underground, let's go down and a whole underground world will open up before us. Lots of rooms, holes. Transitions, stairs and we are again at the top already at the other end of the peninsula, again we go down, again up and again at the other end, along the road there are empty boxes from shells, old beds, on the walls there are various devices, sensors, counters, yesssss, exactly You can walk here for weeks to look at everything and find all the loopholes. We crawl out into the white light and return to camp. We’ll have a snack at the camp and go out again for another walk around the cape. In good weather, you can see Japan from Crillon. And we go to the edge of the cape, and maybe we’ll get lucky and see Japan. First, the island of Rebun will open before your eyes, and then the island of Hokkaido. If you have binoculars, you can see windmills that glow with multi-colored lights.

We return to camp to prepare dinner. And while discussing today, we enjoy hot food and delicious tea with bagels.

Daily mileage of radial exits: 6 km.

Day 7.

In the morning, after breakfast, we collect our things, put on our backpacks and again set off along the road to explore the underground passages and “study” military equipment. We came out to a huge cannon, and three Soviet tanks hid in the bamboo. We will examine new manholes and trenches and find Japanese washbasins that have been preserved in excellent condition.

Further along the road we will stop by to look at the remains of the Shiranusi post. The post was founded by the Japanese Matsumae clan from the island of Hokkaido, presumably in the 1750s; in the 1850s, the post's importance began to decline and the post in Shiranushi was abolished, and the history of the post ended. There is information that in 1925, 150 people lived in the village of Siranusi and there were 36 houses. Now at the site of the post you can find many objects from different times, belonging to both the Japanese and the Russians, a pedestal from the Kaijima Kinento monument, platforms from the building of the Japanese post, earthen ramparts that were most likely defensive in nature, concrete structures, firing points of the 2nd world war.

Above the post there are the ruins of a crab factory and coastal batteries from IS-3 tanks. By the way, the tanks are preserved and are in excellent condition.

And then a “ghost ship” appears on the horizon from the fog. Handsome, or rather all that's left of him. The ship is torn into three pieces. This is the bulk carrier "Luga", which has been lying here on the sandbank for more than 65 years. Seagulls and cormorants took a liking to the remains of the ship and set up a bird market on it.

By the autumn of 1947, the dry cargo ship Luga was prepared for towing to Vladivostok, and then further to Shanghai for major repairs. The steamer Pyotr Tchaikovsky was assigned to tow the Luga, but they missed time and began towing at the end of October. "Pyotr Tchaikovsky" and "Luga" were caught by a fierce typhoon near the La Perouse Strait. The tug broke and the Luga was thrown onto the Crillon Peninsula between Cape Maidel and Zamirailov Head. The damage to “Luga” was so great that repairs were impractical and no attempt was made to remove it from the sandbank, which is how it became a home for gulls and cormorants

Lunch stop and photo for memory. And again on the road.

Many bear tracks will accompany us along the way. Previously, there was a nature reserve on the peninsula; hunting and fishing were prohibited in these areas, so bears multiplied here. We take out our pipes and blow them, indicating that we are coming here.

We stop for the night on the Zamirailovka River. Hot dinner.

Daily mileage: 14 km.

Day 8.

In the morning after breakfast, we pack up the camp, put on our already lightweight backpacks and hit the road. Today the path partially passes through the pass, going around Cape Kuznetsov, as there are no passages there. The road through the pass is in good condition and will not pose any difficulties to cross.

Cape Kuznetsov is one of the natural monuments of the island. Sakhalin, received its name in honor of captain 1st rank D.I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to protect the Russian borders.

We go out to the farm. We stop for lunch.

During lunch, we'll go and look at a Japanese post with hieroglyphs. There are many of these posts left around Sakhalin, and they indicate the altitude above sea level.

After lunch we continue to Cape Windies, where we will set up camp. Dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 17 km.

Day 9.

In the morning, after breakfast, we go to Kovrizhka.

Mount Kovrizhka got its name because of its cake-shaped shape; it is located on Cape Windis. Translated from the Ainu language as “bad dwelling.” The cape is 35 km away. from the village Shebunino, Kovrizhka itself rises above sea level at an altitude of about 78 m, has an almost perfect round shape with a diameter of more than 100 m. The absolutely flat top of Kovrizhka is known for the fact that archaeological sites of ancient people were found on it. There are versions that this natural structure was used by the Sakhalin aborigines as a fortress, where they fled from the invasion of strangers, which may be why it got the name “bad dwelling.”

The climb to Kovrizhka is very steep; you can only get there by walking on a rope, which was pulled by kind people. Overcoming fear, let's go up and a dizzying view will open before us! Almost the entire South Kamyshevy Range is visible on one side, and Cape Kuznetsov on the other.

Lunch and dinner at the camp. Overnight.

Day 10.

In the morning after breakfast, we pack up the camp, put on our backpacks and hit the road.

Today we will walk through an old abandoned village. Which impresses with its preserved houses on the seashore in the wilderness, where there are no communications.

Along the way is another ford of the Pereputka River. During rains, the water level rises greatly, which can create an obstacle. But we have already passed many rivers and streams, and this river is not an obstacle to us!

We will have lunch on the river and continue our journey to the Brusnichka river. The path runs along a sandy beach.

We set up camp at the mouth of the Brusnichka River. Dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 16 km

Day 11

Breakfast. Packing for the trip. Day of departure from the hike. The last push. It's a pity to lose the beauty of Crillon. We are left behind many untrodden and unexplored places. Which means there is a reason to come back!

A bus will be waiting in Shebunino to take us to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Daily mileage: 22 km.

Day 12.

Spare day. In case of bad weather, tides and fatigue of participants. If the pace of the route is good, it will be used as an additional day or as an additional day to distribute the mileage according to the strengths of the participants.

Cape Crillon is the southernmost part of the island. In my understanding, it is the end of the earth, although it is further from Hokkaido and the Kuril Islands, but Sakhalin ends at Crillon.
Cape Crillon on the map.


12 thousand years ago, the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido were one and possibly connected to each other through Crillon. Now they are separated by 40 km of the La Perouse Strait, named after the brigadier of the French army, Count Jean Francois Galot de la La Perouse. La Perouse's expedition started from France, passed the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean s, reached the Korean Peninsula and reached Sakhalin through the Strait of Japan, rose north along the Tatar Strait, then turned around, passed along the strait between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, through the Kuril Islands again entered the Pacific Ocean and died in its southwestern part.

A lighthouse was built at Cape Crillon in 1883 for the safety of navigation. In 1896, a new lighthouse was built, equipped with a lighting device from the French company Barbier et Bernad.

About the most important thing. Where did the name "Crillon" come from? La Perouse named the cape in honor of Colonel General of the French army Louis de Balbes de Berton de Crillon (Crillon), famous for his proverbial bravery (pends-toi, brave Crillon, on a vaincn sans toi).

The white balls in the distance are an aircraft detection and aviation guidance station, as well as a radar station of the 39th Radio Engineering Regiment of Air Surveillance, Warning and Communications. The same ones can be seen in.

Every year Sakhalin jeepers organize a race on Krillon.

A very interesting story from these places can be read from last djedai .

Day 1
All participants meet at the railway station. We get on the bus and go to the Aniva region to the mouth of the Uryum River. We will ford the river, the depth is knee-deep, in some places waist-deep. For the crossing, we change into the shoes we took for water crossings. After the crossing, we change our shoes and walk along a forest dirt road. After which we go to the coast in Kirillovo. Further our path passes along the sand and pebble coast.
We will stop at the Tambovka River for lunch.
After Tambovka, focusing on the low tide, we pass the pressures. At low tide, the shore opens near the rocks and you can walk without getting wet.
We set up camp at the mouth of the Maksimkin River. The attendants prepare a delicious dinner. Near the fire we will get to know each other.
Daily mileage: 21 km.

Day 2
In the morning, the attendants prepare breakfast according to the layout and duty schedule. After breakfast we pack up and hit the road. On the way we will go into a chalk canyon, where an 8-meter waterfall falls. And the nests of swifts were located in the rocks.
We will stop at the Kura River for lunch. There is a farm at the mouth of the river and horses can be seen grazing on the seashore.
After lunch we will go to the Moguchi River. Walking along the sand and pebble beach. Sometimes walking near the rocks along a stone path, as if the rock had flowed onto the ground, forming a path. You will meet an interesting rock along the way, popularly called the Dragon. Multi-colored rocks are shaped like a dragon's face, with an open mouth and sockets for eyes.
Another ford across the Naicha River. A few more kilometers on the sand and we set up camp on the Moguchi River. Hot dinner. Overnight.
Daily mileage: 22 km

Day 3
After breakfast we pack up camp and hit the road. Today the transition will be difficult. You will have to go around m. Kanabeev on bamboo. Traffic will be very difficult. Walking 5 km will take 4 hours.
Cape Kanabeev is very beautiful. On the cape itself there is a stone arch, to which a meter-wide rock terrace leads. We'll definitely stop by for an inspection and photos. An understanding of security is required because... The depth of the sea near the cape immediately reaches 5 meters.
Next, a walk along the coarse pebble coast alternates with a walk over boulders, the pile of which reaches about 3 meters in height.
Today will end at the abandoned camp of Cape Anastasia (non-residential village of Atlasovo). In the sea opposite the cape there are two rocks surrounded by an old destroyed Japanese pier. On the largest rock, the Japanese once installed a torii, a Shinto sacred gate to the temple, facing east, towards the rising sun.
The Anastasia River flows near the overnight stay. You can arrange laundry and washing.
200 meters from the camp, a beautiful 20-meter waterfall falls on the coast.
Hot dinner. Overnight.
Mileage of the day: 12 km.


Day 4
Day.
The day is intended for rest after the transition. Wash things, dry them, take a shower and just relax. Relax on Cape Anastasia with soft sunrises and fiery sunsets.


Day 5
In the morning, after breakfast, we pack up the camp and head out. Today we are heading all the way to Cape Crillon.
The path is beautiful, but has several boulder crossings. When crossing such pressures, you should be careful, take your time and help the participants. In some places, you may need help carrying backpacks first, and then the participants walk lightly. The boys are active and offer a helping hand. Along the way, we will also find many waterfalls, from small to large, from dry to a thin trickle to powerful water streams. For lunch we will stop at a house near the waterfall.
After lunch, a few kilometers will remain and we are finally in Cape Crillon Bay! We set up camp and prepare dinner. We also collect passports and the instructor goes to mark the group with the border guards.
Attention! Cellular communication in Crillon is Japanese, and eats up your entire balance before you even have time to dial a number.
Tomorrow we will have a day and excursion trips around the cape, to places of glory and military fortifications, a lighthouse and a monument, underground passages and cannons.
Daily mileage: 19 km.




Day 6
Day. The day is dedicated to getting to know the history of the extreme point of Sakhalin Island. The whole day is planned for radial excursions in order to cover as many historical sights associated with the period of the Russian-Japanese War as possible.
We're in no hurry today. We sleep to our heart's content. After late breakfast, we will prepare a lunch snack and go for a walk and sightseeing in Crillon.
We’ll start our tour with a monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin and the Southern Kuril Islands. 7 paratroopers are buried in this mass grave. Next, let's go look at the now uninhabited buildings that were built by the Japanese and then by the Russians, everything was mixed up on a small piece of land. Let's crawl around, take a look, and hurry to the fortified area. After all, Cape Crillon is one large fortified area where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, trenches, and cannons. Along the road we will climb to a large plateau overgrown with bamboo, where the cannons are hidden in the thick tall grass. A little further away you can see the canopy of the command post, and now we are already inside.
The walls and steps were lined with natural stone by the Japanese; the masonry is still preserved, like new.
Let's go up and the entire La Perouse Strait is in front of us, at a glance. Let's move on, there is a whole cannon in an underground shelter, all the levers are still in working order.
Below you can see a hole that goes underground, let's go down and a whole underground world will open up before us. Lots of rooms, holes. Transitions, stairs and we are again at the top already at the other end of the peninsula, again we go down, again up and again at the other end, along the road there are empty boxes from shells, old beds, on the walls there are various devices, sensors, counters, yesssss, exactly You can walk here for weeks to look at everything and find all the loopholes. We crawl out into the white light and return to camp. We’ll have a snack at the camp and go out again for another walk around the cape. In good weather, you can see Japan from Crillon. And we go to the edge of the cape, and maybe we’ll get lucky and see Japan. First, the island of Rebun will open before your eyes, and then the island of Hokkaido. If you have binoculars, you can see windmills that glow with multi-colored lights.
We return to camp to prepare dinner. And while discussing today, we enjoy hot food and delicious tea with bagels.
Daily mileage of radial exits: 6 km.


Day 7
In the morning, after breakfast, we collect our things, put on our backpacks and again set off along the road to explore the underground passages and “study” military equipment. We came out to a huge cannon, and three Soviet tanks hid in the bamboo. We will examine new manholes and trenches and find Japanese washbasins that have been preserved in excellent condition.
Further along the road we’ll stop by to look at the remains of the Shiranusi post. The post was founded by the Japanese Matsumae clan from the island of Hokkaido, presumably in the 1750s; in the 1850s, the post's importance began to decline and the post in Shiranushi was abolished, and the history of the post ended. There is information that in 1925, 150 people lived in the village of Siranusi and there were 36 houses. Now at the site of the post you can find many objects from different times, belonging to both the Japanese and the Russians, a pedestal from the Kaijima Kinento monument, platforms from the building of the Japanese post, earthen ramparts that were most likely defensive in nature, concrete structures, firing points of the 2nd world war.
Above the post there are the ruins of a crab factory and coastal batteries from IS-3 tanks. By the way, the tanks are preserved and are in excellent condition.
Further the road passes along a sandy beach.
And then a “ghost ship” appears on the horizon from the fog. Handsome, or rather all that's left of him. The ship is torn into three pieces. This is the bulk carrier "Luga", which has been lying here on the sandbank for more than 65 years. Seagulls and cormorants took a liking to the remains of the ship and set up a bird market on it.
By the autumn of 1947, the dry cargo ship Luga was prepared for towing to Vladivostok, and then further to Shanghai for major repairs. The steamer Pyotr Tchaikovsky was assigned to tow the Luga, but they missed time and began towing at the end of October. "Pyotr Tchaikovsky" and "Luga" were caught by a fierce typhoon near the La Perouse Strait. The tug broke and the Luga was thrown onto the Crillon Peninsula between Cape Maidel and Zamirailov Head. The damage to “Luga” was so great that repairs were impractical and no attempt was made to remove it from the sandbank, which is how it became a home for gulls and cormorants
Lunch stop and photo for memory. And again on the road.
Many bear tracks will accompany us along the way. Previously, there was a nature reserve on the peninsula; hunting and fishing were prohibited in these areas, so the bears multiplied here. We take out our pipes and blow them, indicating that we are coming here.
We stop for the night on the Zamirailovka River. Hot dinner.
Daily mileage: 14 km.




Day 8
In the morning after breakfast, we pack up the camp, put on our already lightweight backpacks and hit the road. Today the path partially passes through the pass, going around Cape Kuznetsov, as there are no passages there. The road through the pass is in good condition and will not pose any difficulties to cross.
Cape Kuznetsov is one of the natural monuments of the island. Sakhalin, received its name in honor of captain 1st rank D.I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to protect the Russian borders.
We go out to the farm. We stop for lunch.
During lunch, we'll go and look at a Japanese post with hieroglyphs. There are many of these posts left around Sakhalin, and they indicate the altitude above sea level.
After lunch we continue to Cape Windies, where we will set up camp. Dinner. Overnight.
Daily mileage: 17 km.




Day 9
Day.
In the morning, after breakfast, we go to Kovrizhka.
Mount Kovrizhka got its name because of its cake-shaped shape; it is located on Cape Windis. Translated from the Ainu language as “bad dwelling.” The cape is 35 km away. from the village Shebunino, Kovrizhka itself rises above sea level at an altitude of about 78 m, has an almost perfect round shape with a diameter of more than 100 m. The absolutely flat top of Kovrizhka is known for the fact that archaeological sites of ancient people were found on it. There are versions that this natural structure was used by the Sakhalin aborigines as a fortress, where they fled from the invasion of strangers, which may be why it got the name “bad dwelling.”
The climb to Kovrizhka is very steep; you can only get there by walking on a rope, which was pulled by kind people. Overcoming fear, let's go up and a dizzying view will open before us! Almost the entire South Kamyshevy Range is visible on one side, and Cape Kuznetsov on the other.
Lunch and dinner at the camp. Overnight.




Day 10
In the morning after breakfast, we pack up the camp, put on our backpacks and hit the road.
Today we will walk through an old abandoned village. Which impresses with its preserved houses on the seashore in the wilderness, where there are no communications.
Along the way is another ford of the Pereputka River. During rains, the water level rises greatly, which can create an obstacle. But we have already passed many rivers and streams, and this river is not an obstacle to us!
We will have lunch on the river and continue our journey to the Brusnichka river. The path runs along a sandy beach.
We set up camp at the mouth of the Brusnichka River. Dinner. Overnight.
Daily mileage: 16 km.


Day 11
Breakfast. Packing for the trip. Day of departure from the hike. The last push. It's a pity to lose the beauty of Crillon. We are left behind many untrodden and unexplored places. Which means there is a reason to come back!
A bus will be waiting in Shebunino to take us to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
Daily mileage: 22 km.

Day 12
Spare day. In case of bad weather, tides and fatigue of participants. If the pace of the route is good, it will be used as an additional day or as an additional day to distribute the mileage according to the strengths of the participants.

Attention! Depending on the weather conditions, the physical and psychological preparation of the participants, the conditions and speed of the group’s route, as well as in force majeure circumstances, the instructor may make changes to the schedule. Only the instructor makes this decision for the entire group.

An interesting hike through one of the unexplored regions of Russia. Active recreation on Sakhalin means a lot of nature, good company and definitely health improvement!