Google 3d map of mars online. Map of the Dominican Republic. Gulrypsh - a holiday destination for celebrities

Dominican Republic or Dominican Republic – Island state, located in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. A satellite map of the Dominican Republic shows that the country has occupied the eastern part of the island of Haiti and several offshore islands. In the west the country borders on the Republic of Haiti, in the east it passes sea border from the USA. In the north the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, in the south - Caribbean Sea. The area of the state is 48,730 square meters. km.

10.2 million people live in the Dominican Republic. The largest city and the capital of the country is Santo Domingo. The national language of the country is Spanish, and National currency– Dominican peso.

The Dominican economy is based on tourism, customs duties, and the export of sugar, tobacco and coffee. The country has developed textile, sugar, tobacco industries, as well as gold and ferronickel mining.

Snow-white beaches of the Dominican Republic (Punta Cana)

A Brief History of the Dominican Republic

Until the end of the 15th century, Indian tribes lived in Haiti

1492 – Christopher Columbus discovered Haiti

16th century - colonization of the island by the Spaniards

1697 - the eastern part of the island belongs to Spain, and the western part to France

1804 – expulsion of the Spaniards

1808 - the eastern part of the island is again under Spanish rule

1822 - the eastern part of the island and Santo Domingo falls under the rule of the Republic of Haiti

Underwater caves of Padre Nuestro

1844 – independence from the Republic of Haiti and creation of the Dominican Republic

1861 – capture of the Dominican Republic by the Spaniards

1865 – final liberation of the country from the Spaniards

1865-1905 – economic instability

1905-1916 – Dominican Republic under US economic control, military coups

1916-1924 – occupation of the Dominican Republic by US troops

1930-1961 – Rafael Trujillo regime

Samana Bay

Sights of the Dominican Republic

On a detailed satellite map of the Dominican Republic you can see that the island of Haiti and nearby islands are replete with beaches and tourist resorts. Beach holiday In the Dominican Republic, it is incredibly popular; the islands of Catalina, Saona, Beata and Cayo Levantado, and the resorts of Bavaro, Cap Cana and Punta Cana will be especially interesting.

The Caribbean Sea is great for diving: the Padre Nuestro underwater cave system and the La Caleta underwater park are worth seeing. The Dominican Islands are home to numerous golf clubs, including the famous Punta Espada Golf Course Driving Range.

Altos de Chavón Artists' Village

On the map of the Dominican Republic from a satellite you can also see some natural attractions: national park Los Haitises, Samana Bay, Mount Duarte (3098 m) and the Devil's Mouth chasm.

Among the attractions of the republic, it is worth highlighting a copy of the 15th century Spanish village of Altos de Chavon, the Los Tres Ojos caves, the colonial center of Santo Domingo, Fort Felipe in Puerto Plata, historical Center the city of La Vega and the El Limon waterfall.

Note to tourists

Gulrypsh - a holiday destination for celebrities

Is on Black Sea coast Abkhazia is an urban-type settlement called Gulrypsh, the appearance of which is closely connected with the name of the Russian philanthropist Nikolai Nikolaevich Smetsky. In 1989, due to his wife’s illness, they needed a change of climate. The matter was decided by chance.

> 3D map of the surface of Mars from Google

Study detailed 3D map of the surface of Mars from Google: moving map, high-quality photos with dimensions, history of the planet, temperature, Olympus, pyramids, face.

Application " Maps of Mars in 3D"offers an exciting journey through surfaces"red planet", but first let's take a closer look at this amazing piece of our solar system.

Surface structure of Mars

Mars is a member of the terrestrial group of planets, ruled by Mercury, Venus and Earth. Unlike the other planets, which appear to us as gas giants, this group has a metallic core and a rocky surface.

This planet, like the quartet it is part of, consists of a liquid core, mantle and crust, but the thickness of the layers is different for each. Mercury's density is on average 5.4 g/cm³ (Earth's is slightly higher - 5.5 g/cm³), and it has a liquid core consisting mostly of iron and nickel. The core of Venus has a similar composition, but with a slightly lower density of 5.2 g/cm³.

Average thickness earth's crust Mars is 30 km on land, and 5 km from the bottom surface on the sea. The planet's core consists of two parts: the outer one, which begins at a depth of 5100 km and consists of a molten iron + nickel alloy; and internal - having a similar chemical composition, but with a more solid structure. Surface density - 5.520 g/cm³. The Red Planet is half the size of Earth.

Dimensions of the planet Mars

The radius of Mars is 3.389 km, and its circumference is 21.3 thousand km. The volume is 1.63¹¹ km³, the mass is at around 6.41²⁴ kg. When compared to Earth, the Martian planet's diameter is 53% of Earth's and its surface area is 38%. 3D map surface of Mars confirms that total area of this planet is equal to the sum of the area of all the earth's continents. Its mass is only 11% of the earth's, and its volume is 15% compared to our earthly home. Mars is smaller than its relative Mercury, but it unique world attracts with its mystery, and magnifying 3D maps of Mars allow you to examine it in detail.

Surface of Mars

Although Mars cannot boast of its size, it is the most big mountain in the solar system - Olympus (21.2 km), located on its surface, preserves the splendor of the dignity of the planet.

Surface of Mars completely cratered, and the deepest is the Mariner Valley. Using the program, you can examine in detail all the planet’s basins and volcanoes, which are considered the largest in the solar system.

NASA interactive maps will tell you about the most prestigious region of Mars - Cydonia, where the most mysterious formations are concentrated: “Face on Mars” and “Sphinx”. Thanks to high-resolution photographs taken by orbiting reconnaissance missions, you will be able to get much closer to Mars. The surface formation "Sphinx" resembles a pyramid built by an extraterrestrial civilization. Although, in essence, this and other mysteries of the red planet are nothing more than a miracle of relief.

Surface temperature of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor

The daily surface temperature of the planet Mars ranges from -65° C to -120° C. On board the Mars probe Global Surveyor, a thermal emission spectrometer, has returned a detailed temperature map of Mars.

Nighttime surface temperatures are described on a t-scale, with white representing the warmest places on the planet, the coldest areas being colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest being rendered blue.

The data was taken as the vehicle passed over the night side of Mars. The map shows that in the southern part of Mars it is winter, while in the northern part of the Martian planet it is summer.

"Sphinx", "Face on Mars" and "Pyramids"

"Face" on Mars

Numerous mountains and pyramids located on the surface of Mars have smooth symmetry. Photographs taken in the 70s by the Viking spacecraft looked like a face, so many speculated about the existence extraterrestrial civilization. But, as it turned out later, the culprit was photos taken in poor quality.

One of the images had perfect symmetry, similar to a face, which became fodder for debate among many scientists. However, all the intrigue ended when photographs were received in higher quality.

The “face on Mars” turned out to be nothing more than a hill, similar outlines of which can be observed on Earth. Such formations are often created under the influence of ice or constant wind; striking examples of this are Mount Assiniboine in Canada, Thielsen in the USA and Matterhorn in Switzerland.

History of Mars

Mars was once warm and wet, but is now a dry and cold planet. NASA rovers are transmitting data that the climate on ancient planet was warm enough and the surface held water. This conclusion is confirmed by the chemicals detected by the probe. substances that can only be created in the presence of moisture. Scientists also suggest that some reliefs could not have been created without the participation of the abyss of water.

It is interesting to look at the supposed map of Mars in the past, to look back several billion years. Kevin Gill, an astronomer who created visualizations of the real Mars in the past, used a laser rangefinder located on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft.

The oceans and seas recreated on Mars were created taking into account the flooding of deep valleys, so they only “predict” the water structure of the planet.

The displayed clouds are also free-form. The information for their “reconstruction” was taken from the NASA Blue Marble project. A more accurate name for this water card would be Mars after many years of asteroid formation and reception.

Gas - methane

For many, Mars is a cold world with a red surface color, but when methane was found on its surface, many people's opinions changed.

Why is methane present in the Martian atmosphere? There can only be two explanations for this: biological and geological. Quite a lot of people want to believe in the first reason, but the likelihood of life arising on Mars is negligible. The second is volcanism. Satellite maps show that there are not many volcanic clusters on the planet. The largest is the Tharsis plateau, which gave birth to four volcanoes, one of which is Olympus.

If you look closer at the Tharsis plateau, on the right you can see the “Labyrinth of the Night” and three mountains in the very center: Arsia, Pavlina, Askrian. The “3D maps of Mars” program allows you to get closer to these mountains and travel near their foothills, just by clicking once on the mouse button.

Methane gas tends to quickly break down when exposed to sunlight and wind, so it is logical to conclude that the sources of methane emissions must be constantly active. The created map of Mars does not allow us to accurately convey the location of all methane sources, but this problem will be solved by the Mangalyaan probe launched to the surface, the purpose of which is to collect accurate data.

Methane is under close study by astrobiologists, as it is common knowledge that most This gas is produced by microscopic organisms on Earth. And besides, the red color of the planet is partly due to the release of methane.

Geological data of the surface of Mars

The absence of tectonic plates would allow volcanoes to erupt for hundreds or millions of years. The map of Mars reports large quantities constant eruptions that contain a large percentage of iron. The "iron" surface was gradually oxidized by the Martian atmosphere, so this is a suitable explanation for why the planet's surface is covered with a red film.

The Red Planet's Past

Researchers believe that Mars used to be much larger, but the powerful impact that left the North Polar Basin suggests that the planet lost some of its mass. Upon closer examination of the surface, this conclusion seems justified.

It is worth noting that the research carried out by the Hubble shuttle does not fully represent the mysterious world of Mars. But interactive map in 3D, will allow for a more in-depth study. Thousands of photographs taken by space probes were taken into account when creating this map. A detailed map of the surface of Mars was made possible by studies of the Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter probes. These space probes allowed us to see all the beauty of the surface and structure of the planet. An interactive 3D map from Google will captivate you with the landscapes of Mars without leaving your home. This is a fairly simple and intuitive application that allows you to zoom in and see corners of the red planet that were previously inaccessible to the human eye. Carata is available online, so its research and study is available to everyone: both amateurs and scientists located anywhere in the world.

Hypsometric map of the surface of Mars

The map was created based on studies of the laser altimeter, the Mars Global Surveyor space probe. Here, peaks up to 10 km high are marked in red, and all higher mountains are indicated in pink and white-pink. The colors indicating the depressions are green and blue. As you examine this map, you will notice that Northern part planets, slightly lower in altitude than the southern one. From the words of scientists, it becomes clear that the northern part was filled with water in the past, and these words are confirmed by the gravitational map of the red planet.

Images transmitted from the unmanned Mars Global Surveyor research station also made it possible to see the outline closer. coastline. This detailed map allows you to see the Hellas basin, as well as four inactive volcanoes located on the Tharsis plateau. These pictures are quite detailed, but the best thing to see here is the Valles Marineris - it is a tectonic fault, the total length of which is 5 thousand km. It is worth emphasizing with particular pride that this map was created by our fellow countrymen, who took as a basis the data obtained from American space probes. Special efforts were made by Zh. F. Rodinova.

Topographic designations of the surface of Mars

The modern map, compiled by the efforts of the latest spacecraft, contains new names for landforms, along with old geographical and mythological names. This one new map Mars allows us to see that the largest elevation is Tharsis, and the annular depression in the south is Hellas. Many valleys bear the names of planets in different languages of the peoples of the Earth. For example, the Valley of Hrath - which means “Mars” in Armenian, as well as the Valley of Maadim - in Hebrew.

However, there is one exception in the names - this is Valles Marineris, which is named after the Mariner 9 spacecraft, which photographed this surface in detail. Small valleys were named after the rivers of the Earth. Arsia is a classic albedo formation. Pearl Bay is the name of the Hindustan Peninsula, where pearls were searched for in ancient times.

Craters on the surface of the Red Planet

Any detailed map of Mars shows that the craters of this planet are different from the craters located on the Moon and Mercury. Even small craters indicate the presence of erosion on their surface caused by water and wind.

The Moon and Mercury have no liquid or atmosphere, but Mars had all this millions of years ago. The largest craters: Huygens - 470 km, with a depth of 4 km; Schiaparelli - 465 km in size, with a depth of 2 km; Cassini - with a diameter of 411 km. A satellite map of Mars from 2014 shows that in places where ice breaks up from the surface, radial ejections of soil are observed. What is typical is that such soil emissions are found in craters located in the north of the planet.

Cards

Large map red planet - provides a good physical map of Mars. This map was compiled by the staff of the popular science magazine National Geographic, whose authority is recognized throughout the world, so these works are of particular interest to people who cannot imagine life without knowledge of space.

Advice. To view the map created by National Geographic in high resolution, download it to your computer. This operation is quite simple to perform: after the map is fully opened in the browser, click on the left mouse button and select “save as” and specify a convenient folder for saving.

Curiosity rover

The translation of the name of the comic rover, Curiosity, literally means “opportunity.” The device is equipped with all the tools for collecting geochemical, geological and other information. It also has a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, so the Curiosity rover is capable of collecting and transmitting a lot of photographs, which are then stitched together and studied by scientists. Thanks to the images from this equipment, we have the opportunity to take a closer look at Hale Crater, located in a very interesting area planets. Curiosity images essentially deliver amazing and most mysterious photographs that we can look at with pleasure, everyone at home.

Even the most recent spacecraft launched by NASA's exploration agency cannot provide perfect detail of the surface of Mars. The map of the red planet is constantly updated, and new/more powerful spacecraft are launched into orbit. Interesting: The MRO probe - used by NASA has a 30 cm telescope capable of taking images with a resolution of 30 cm per pixel, despite the fact that the images are taken from an altitude of 250 km above the surface of Mars.

The detailed map of Mars was created with the active participation of the MRO and Mars Odyssey spacecraft, as well as the Mars Express probe from the European Space Agency.

By and large, a map of Mars is a combination of numerous images from different spacecraft, so even a standard size wall map will be quite accurate. At the same time, using computer technology, you, sitting at home, can view online the entire surface of Mars, without making much effort in managing the program.

Thanks to the efforts of the giant company Google, it was possible to combine all the data to create an interactive 3D program. It is worth mentioning that the MRO probe took on the largest part research work. This map is the fruit of a joint collaboration between Google and NASA. A regular browser, such as Google Chrome or Ethernet Explorer, allows you to open a map of Mars online, so an overview of the surface of the red planet is available to anyone today. In order to view maps of Mars online, you just need to go to the global network and find the appropriate service. The maps will be especially interesting to people interested in astronomy, but a detailed examination of the maps is surprising interesting places, will attract even amateur beginners. It is worth noting that humanity has never seen such a detailed study of Mars, so viewing and studying the red planet, using interactive 3D maps from Google, will allow a person of the twenty-first century to have the most advanced information.

Ancient river bed

Before considering in detail such applications as a 3D map of Mars or a 3D map of Mars, let's learn a little about the planet itself.

This will be especially useful when we touch upon such sections as the geological map of Mars (geological-morphological map of Mars) or geographic map Mars.

Mars is one of the four terrestrial planets, as are Mercury, Venus, and Earth. All terrestrial planets are rocky and made of metal. The rest are classified as outer gas giants.

Structure

It, like others in this group, has the same structure: core, mantle and crust, although each layer differs in thickness, depending on the planet. Mercury has an average density of 5.43 g/cm3. Earth is the only planet denser than Mercury. Mercury most likely has a liquid core composed primarily of an iron-nickel alloy. Venus has a crust that extends 10-30 km below the surface. After this, the mantle reaches a depth of about 3000 km. The planetary core is liquid and consists of an iron-nickel alloy. Average density 5.240 g/cm3.

The earth's crust is on average 30 km thick on land and 5 km on the seabed. The mantle extends to a depth of 2900 km.

The core begins at a depth of about 5,100 km and consists of two separate parts: the outer core is a liquid iron-nickel alloy, and the inner core is a solid iron-nickel alloy. The average density of the planet is 5.520 g/cm3. Mars is about half the diameter of Earth. The depth of the crust and mantle is not known for certain; the average density is 3.930 g/cm3.

Size

Firstly, even satellite map Mars online does not show how small the radius of the red planet is, which is 3.389 km. Its circumference is 21,344 km. Further, its volume is 1.63 × 10 * 11 km3. And the mass, which is equal to 6.4169 × 10 * 23 kg.

By comparison, it has only 53% of the diameter and about 38% of the surface area of the Earth. This is approximately equal to the area of all the continents of the Earth, and a 3D satellite map of Mars clearly confirms this. Its volume is equal to 15% of the volume of the Earth, and its mass is 11% of the mass of the Earth. As you can see, Mars is small world, only Mercury is smaller, but despite this, a magnified map of Mars allows us to examine its surface in detail.

Surface Features

Despite its small size, it has many interesting features. A 3D satellite map of Mars allows you to enjoy the majestic spectacle of Mount Olympus, which is the most high mountain in the Solar System with an altitude of 21.2 km from the base.

Before us is a map of Mars, Valles Marineris is the deepest valley. Mars is home to hundreds of thousands of craters that are clearly visible on the surface and a large relief map of Mars confirms this. The 3D map of Mars allows you to view in detail the North Polar Basin and the Hellas Basin - the largest in the Solar System.

Region Cydonia

There are hundreds of volcanoes on the surface of Mars. NASA's map of Mars reveals some of them that are considered the most high mountains in the Solar System, viewed in high detail.

The interactive map of Mars can tell you a lot of interesting things. Cydonia is perhaps the most “popular” region of the planet. The most mysterious surface formations, such as the pyramids, the “face on Mars” and the sphinx, are concentrated in this place. The map of Mars shows the pyramids in detail, and you can see them in detail thanks to numerous photographs of orbital scouts. The map of Mars contains many interesting features of the surface; the sphinx is one of the symbols of the “aliens” or race that existed many years ago on the planet. But the study of the application map of Mars from a satellite, the pyramids, like other mysteries, appear to us as just unusual features of the red planet’s topography, but not as evidence of disappeared races.

Pyramids, Sphinxes and Face

The pyramids on Mars, or the mountains on the surface, in low resolution, have almost perfect symmetry, reminiscent of the Egyptian pyramids.

Some of the images of the surface of Mars taken in the 70s by the Viking orbiter showed that these formations resemble a face. Fans of extraterrestrial life immediately saw this as a structure built by thinking life forms, but it was all due to the inaccurate map of Mars; Viking made it in very low quality.

In one of the photographs, the pyramid had almost perfect symmetry. Since the pyramids were located next to the “Face on Mars,” they gave rise to a huge amount of speculation about their origin. These fascinating theories were dispelled much later when higher resolution photographs were obtained.

The famous "Face on Mars" in high quality

A detailed map of Mars, satellite photos and other studies have shown that the “Face on Mars” is a hill with a distinctive shape. Similar geological formations can be found on Earth. They are usually formed by ice or weathering. There are good examples of such formations on Earth, for example: the Matterhorn in Switzerland, Mount Thielsen in the USA, and Canadian mountain Assiniboine.

The planet's past

Mars is currently dry and cold, but it has been determined that it was once a wet and warm world. Some instruments on the Mars Express probe have returned data that suggests ancient Mars was warm enough to support liquid water on the surface. The probe's instruments detected chemicals that only form in the presence of liquid water. In addition, there are features on the surface that scientists believe were formed as a result of water erosion.

A map of Mars in the past clearly shows what the planet might have looked like billions of years ago. An animation by amateur astronomer Kevin Gill showing us a virtually living Mars that could have existed in its heyday. So full map Mars, was created using data from a laser rangefinder installed on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and satellite images from NASA's Blue Marble Next Generation project.

This map of Mars with its oceans is not entirely accurate, the sea levels were not set scientifically, but with the expectation that the liquid would flood most of the Valles Marineris, and also form a coastline in the northern part of the planet, on the approaches to Mount Olympus.

The clouds are taken directly from the same NASA Blue Marble project and are rendered rather arbitrarily, but still look good. This map of Mars with water deserves another name, such as a map of Mars after colonization or a map of Mars after terraforming, but not a fictional depiction of the planet's distant past.

One day from the past life of the planet

Methane in the atmosphere

Many people think that Mars is a dead world covered with a thin layer of iron oxide. People who thought it was a dead world were shocked when researchers found evidence of methane in the Martian atmosphere.

There are two reasons for the presence of methane in the planet's atmosphere: biological or geological. The possibility of life on the planet, an intriguing but almost impossible reason. What remains is the geological process, i.e. volcanism. A satellite map of Mars indicates that there are not many volcanic regions, the largest being the Tharsis Plateau, on which the four largest volcanoes are located, including Olympus mons.

Tharsis region, computer model. On the right you can see the Labyrinth of the Night, three volcanoes in the center - Mount Askrian, Mount Pavlina and Mount Arsia

By the way, a map of Mars from a satellite in real time allows you to make a virtual trip to this mountain in one click.

Methane is rapidly destroyed in the atmosphere by radiation from the Sun and solar wind, so the source that provides the methane must be constantly active. Methane is the main component of natural gas on Earth. With very low accuracy, the map of Mars allows you to see the content of methane in the atmosphere and its presence, therefore, for a more complete study of this gas, the Indian probe “Mangalyaan” is rushing to the planet.

Methane is of interest to astrobiologists because organisms produce most of Earth's methane when they digest nutrients. If microscopic organisms exist, then they must be deep under the planet's crust. Purely geological processes such as iron oxidation (remember, the planet is covered in iron oxide) also release methane.

Geology

Without plate tectonics, the planet's volcanoes would erupt over millions of years. A detailed map of Mars reveals these massive eruptions, which explain why the entire surface is covered with basalt, with a high iron content. The iron in the basalt rocks interacted with the Martian atmosphere and oxidized. Iron oxide explains why the entire surface of Mars is covered in reddish dust.

Past disasters

Scientists believe that he was much larger planet at the beginning of the history of the solar system. The impact that created the North Polar Basin was powerful enough to knock part of the planet into space, so the planet may have lost some mass as a result of the impact. A high-resolution map of Mars will help you see the consequences of this cataclysm.

Even the Hubble Space Telescope can't show us all the details mysterious world red planet. However, a 3D map of Mars from Google will help you explore the planet in detail. This interactive map of Mars in Russian was created from more than several thousand images taken by artificial probes. Based on data received from the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express of the European Space Agency, a satellite map of Mars was compiled, from the Mars Odyssey satellite, the information received was the most current.

These spacecraft show us new details of the surface and its structure. A convenient map of Mars with names will help you unravel the secrets of the red planet without leaving your home. The controls are intuitive. By zooming in, you can view the surface in more detail. This detailed map Mars Online is one of the most interactive tools that helps not only amateurs, but also educational organizations to more clearly teach about the red planet.

This detailed hypsometric map of Mars is based on data and measurements from a laser altimeter mounted on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Heights (up to 10 km) were marked on it in red, and maximum heights(more than 10 km) are painted pink and white-pink. For negative heights, green and blue colors were used. This photo The relief map of Mars clearly shows the phenomenon of dichotomy in the structure of the planet’s surface, which consists in the fact that its northern part, on average, is slightly lower in height than the southern part. Scientists believe that many billions of years ago the northern part of the planet, namely its lowlands, was filled with liquid and a detailed gravitational map of Mars confirms this.

Also transmitted data from Mars Global Surveyor showed in detail the shape of the coastline. The most complete map of Mars clearly shows us the Hellas basin, as well as the Tharsis plateau with four giant extinct volcanoes. This map of Mars, Olympus shows near the edge of Tharsis, and the rest of the Askrian mountains are the top of the three, below are Pavolina and Arsia. The map of Mars shows the valleys well, but the best visible is the Valles Marineris - a tectonic fault with a length of about 5000 km. It should be noted that this large map of Mars was compiled by our compatriots based on data from American interplanetary probes. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg, J.F. Rodionova, the map of Mars is her direct brainchild.

Topographic map of Mars

Topographical designations

A high-quality, modern map of Mars, along with new names that have been assigned to relief forms, according to space images, uses old mythological and geographical names, which were proposed by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. NASA's accurate map of Mars shows that the largest elevation on the planet is called Tharsis, and a large ring depression, a depression in the south, with a diameter of more than 2000 km is called Hellas (as Greece was called in ancient times). A modern map of Mars, a photo of the surface shows it to be heavily cratered, and various areas of the surface are referred to as: Noah's Land, Prometheus' Land, etc. The valleys were given the names of the planet on various languages peoples of the Earth. If we take the Valley of Hrath, it means “Mars” in Armenian, and the Valley of Maadim means “Mars” in Hebrew. There is also a detailed map of Mars, the labyrinth of the night in which is presented with the most recent detailed images.

But as with all rules, there are exceptions: the large Valles Marineris, which was named after the successful photographing of the entire surface by the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Smaller valleys, according to their length, are called after the rivers of our planet. For example, Arsia is the name of a classical albedo formation. Aeria - “a distant country beyond the fogs” translated from Greek. Pearl Bay - named after the Hindustan Peninsula, where pearls were mined in ancient times.

Globe map of Mars

Craters

By the way, any, quite clear map Mars, in high resolution shows us that Martian craters are different from the same craters on the Moon or Mercury. The most accurate map of Mars tells us that these craters are shallower and have traces of water and wind erosion.

Unlike the Moon and Mercury, where there is neither liquid (liquid was present on the red planet millions of years ago) nor an atmosphere. The largest of the craters are Huygens (its size is about 470 km, and its depth is about 4 km), Schiaparelli (size 465 km, depth 2 km) and Cassini (size 411 km.) A 2014 satellite map of Mars indicates that some are very young Martian craters have radial ejections of soil in places where subsurface ice has broken out. It is worth noting that such splashes of soil are often found near craters that are located in the northern regions of the planet.

Selection of cards

Finally, we present to your attention a small selection. The large map of Mars undoubtedly deserves the main attention, as physical map Mars, she is undoubtedly good. This map of Mars high resolution from National Geographic is compiled by a reputable science magazine that is popular in many countries around the world, so the National Geographic map of Mars is a great find for anyone who is interested in astronomy.

And don’t forget, in order for the National Geographic creation, the map of Mars, to appear in front of you in its maximum size, you need to save it to your computer. This is quite easy to do - left-click on the image, and when it opens in full screen mode, right-click on the image and select the “save as” menu item and save it to a convenient location for viewing.

Amateur astronomers in action

This panoramic map of Mars was compiled by Czech enthusiast Daniel Machacek. He posted this wonderful result of his work on his blog. The map of Mars shows all current objects (as of 2013), and also shows the topography of heights. This map of Mars is quite rich in symbols - Daniel spent quite a lot of time on a detailed compilation that does not contradict such a “monster” as the NASA map of Mars.

Mars rover Curiosity

Topography of Gale Crater - landing site of the Curiosity rover, according to the Mars Express satellite

For a year now, an entire robotic complex called Curiosity (translated as “Curiosity”) has been operating on the surface of the red planet. In addition to a variety of geological, geochemical and other information, this rover, equipped with a nuclear radioisotope thermal generator, transmits many photographs of the surface, which scientists and amateur astronomers stitch together into detailed images of the surface. A map of Mars, Hale Crater shows how a very ordinary area of the planet is, but directly from the crater itself, thanks to the images of the Mars Rover, we can examine in detail the surface of this truly amazing planet without leaving their home.

Spacecraft operating in planetary orbit

Even the newest map of Mars, based on images from the MRO probe - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, NASA's multifunctional automatic interplanetary station, is not able to convey all the nuances of the surface with such detail. A complete study of Mars, a map of Mars and its detailed characteristics are being refined all the time, and with the introduction of new spacecraft into the orbit of the planet, the data is becoming more and more detailed. For comparison, the main camera (HiRISE) of the MRO probe is a 30-cm telescope that provides image resolution of about 30 centimeters per pixel, from an altitude of 250 km above the surface.

A satellite map of Mars, accurate and detailed thanks to many years of work not only by probes such as MRO and Mars Odyssey, but also by the European Space Agency's Mars Express probe.

A map of Mars from space is actually a stitching together of data from all spacecraft, which makes it possible to achieve that even a wall map of Mars big size will look very detailed and accurate. And using modern technologies, a map of Mars is available even from home; you can view the entire surface of the planet online without much effort.

The openness of the data allowed Google to compile a wealth of data into a modern map of Mars, in which the MRO satellite played a key role. This joint program between Google and NASA, the map of Mars, can be viewed using a regular browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. So today it is possible to view a map of Mars for free without making any special search efforts.

Mars Global Surveyor

The surface temperature of the planet ranges from -65 to -120 degrees Celsius. The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft captured this detailed temperature map as it passed over the red planet's night side for 500 orbits.

This temperature map of Mars shows the following temperature scale - white is the warmest areas of the planet, and the colder areas are respectively colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest are blue. On this map, it is summer in the northern hemisphere, while in the southern hemisphere it is the cold Martian winter. Near the planet's equator, slight variations in nighttime temperatures are associated with features of the surface material. The cold blue regions of the planet are covered with fine dust particles, while the warm regions are covered with sand and rocks.

Application " Maps of Mars in 3D"offers an exciting journey through surfaces“red planet”, but first let’s take a closer look at this amazing piece of our solar system.

Surface structure of Mars

The average thickness of the crust of Mars is 30 km on land, and 5 km from the bottom surface on the sea. The planet's core consists of two parts: the outer one, which begins at a depth of 5100 km and consists of a molten iron + nickel alloy; and internal - having a similar chemical composition, but with a more solid structure. Surface density - 5.520 g/cm³. The Red Planet is half the size of Earth.

Dimensions of the planet Mars

The radius of Mars is 3.389 km, and its circumference is 21.3 thousand km. The volume is 1.63¹¹ km³, the mass is at around 6.41²⁴ kg. When compared to Earth, the Martian planet's diameter is 53% of Earth's and its surface area is 38%. A three-dimensional map of the surface of Mars confirms that the total area of this planet is equal to the sum of the areas of all Earth's continents. Its mass is only 11% of the earth's, and its volume is 15% compared to our earthly home. Mars is smaller than its relative Mercury, but its unique world attracts with its mystery, and magnifying 3D maps of Mars allow you to see it in detail.

Surface of Mars

Although Mars cannot boast of its size, the largest mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons (21.2 km), located on its surface, retains the splendor of the dignity of the planet.

Surface temperature of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor

The daily surface temperature of the planet Mars ranges from -65° C to -120° C. The thermal emission spectrometer on board the Mars Global Surveyor probe has transmitted a detailed temperature map of Mars.

The data was taken as the vehicle passed over the night side of Mars. The map shows that in the southern part of Mars it is winter, while in the northern part of the Martian planet it is summer.

"Sphinx", "Face on Mars" and "Pyramids"

Navigate to:

Mount Olympus
Face on Mars
Chasma Canyon

Important! Most likely, to run the application, you will need to connect to the Google Earth service. Next, restart the browser.

"Face" on Mars

Numerous mountains and pyramids located on the surface of Mars have smooth symmetry. The photographs taken in the 70s by the Viking spacecraft looked like a face, so many speculated about the existence of an extraterrestrial civilization. But, as it turned out later, the culprit was photos taken in poor quality.

One of the images had perfect symmetry, similar to a face, which became fodder for debate among many scientists. However, all the intrigue ended when photographs were received in higher quality.

History of Mars

Mars was once warm and wet, but is now a dry and cold planet. NASA rovers report data that the climate on the ancient planet was quite warm, and the surface retained water. This conclusion is confirmed by the chemicals detected by the probe. substances that can only be created in the presence of moisture. Scientists also suggest that some reliefs could not have been created without the participation of the abyss of water.

The oceans and seas recreated on Mars were created taking into account the flooding of deep valleys, so they only “predict” the water structure of the planet.

Gas - methane

For many, Mars is a cold world with a red surface color, but when methane was found on its surface, many people's opinions changed.

Methane is under close study by astrobiologists, since it is common knowledge that most of this gas on Earth is produced by microscopic organisms. And besides, the red color of the planet is partly due to the release of methane.

Geological data of the surface of Mars

The absence of tectonic plates would allow volcanoes to erupt for hundreds or millions of years. The map of Mars reports a large number of constant eruptions, which contain a large percentage of iron. The "iron" surface was gradually oxidized by the Martian atmosphere, so this is a suitable explanation for why the planet's surface is covered with a red film.

The Red Planet's Past

It is worth noting that the research carried out by the Hubble shuttle does not fully represent the mysterious world of Mars. But an interactive 3D map will allow for a more in-depth study. Thousands of photographs taken by space probes were taken into account when creating this map. A detailed map of the surface of Mars was made possible by studies of the Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter probes. These space probes allowed us to see all the beauty of the surface and structure of the planet. An interactive 3D map from Google will captivate you with the landscapes of Mars without leaving your home. This is a fairly simple and intuitive application that allows you to zoom in and see corners of the red planet that were previously inaccessible to the human eye. Carata is available online, so its research and study is available to everyone: both amateurs and scientists located anywhere in the world.

Hypsometric map of the surface of Mars

The map was created based on studies of the laser altimeter, the Mars Global Surveyor space probe. Here, peaks up to 10 km high are marked in red, and all higher mountains are indicated in pink and white-pink. The colors indicating the depressions are green and blue. Examining this map, you will notice that the northern part of the planet is slightly lower in height than the southern part. From the words of scientists, it becomes clear that the northern part was filled with water in the past, and these words are confirmed by the gravitational map of the red planet.

The images transmitted from the unmanned Mars Global Surveyor research station also made it possible to get a closer look at the outline of the coastline. This detailed map allows you to see the Hellas basin, as well as four inactive volcanoes located on the Tharsis plateau. These pictures are quite detailed, but the best thing to see here is the Valles Marineris - it is a tectonic fault, the total length of which is 5 thousand km. It is worth emphasizing with particular pride that this map was created by our fellow countrymen, who took as a basis the data obtained from American space probes. Special efforts were made by Zh. F. Rodinova.

Topographic designations of the surface of Mars

The modern map, compiled by the efforts of the latest spacecraft, contains new names for landforms, along with old geographical and mythological names. This newest map of Mars reveals that the largest high point is Tharsis, and the ring-shaped depression to the south is Hellas. Many valleys bear the names of planets in different languages of the peoples of the Earth. For example, the Valley of Hrath - which means “Mars” in Armenian, as well as the Valley of Maadim - in Hebrew.

Craters on the surface of the Red Planet

Cards

Large Red Planet Map - provides a good physical map of Mars. This map was compiled by the staff of the popular science magazine National Geographic, whose authority is recognized throughout the world, so these works are of particular interest to people who cannot imagine life without knowledge of space.

Curiosity rover

The translation of the name of the comic rover, Curiosity, literally means “opportunity.” The device is equipped with all the tools for collecting geochemical, geological and other information. It also has a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, so the Curiosity rover is capable of collecting and transmitting a lot of photographs, which are then stitched together and studied by scientists. Thanks to images from this equipment, we have the opportunity to take a closer look at Hale Crater, located in a very interesting area of the planet. Curiosity images essentially deliver amazing and most mysterious photographs that we can look at with pleasure, everyone at home.

The detailed map of Mars was created with the active participation of the MRO and Mars Odyssey spacecraft, as well as the Mars Express probe from the European Space Agency.

Thanks to the efforts of the giant company Google, it was possible to combine all the data to create an interactive 3D program. It is worth mentioning that the MRO probe took on the largest part of the research work. This map is the fruit of a joint collaboration between Google and NASA. A regular browser, such as Google Chrome or Ethernet Explorer, allows you to open a map of Mars online, so an overview of the surface of the red planet is available to anyone today. In order to view maps of Mars online, you just need to go to the global network and find the appropriate service. The maps will be especially interesting to people interested in astronomy, but a detailed examination of the maps and surprisingly interesting places will attract even amateur beginners. It is worth noting that humanity has never seen such a detailed study of Mars, so viewing and studying the red planet, using interactive 3D maps from Google, will allow a person of the twenty-first century to have the most advanced information.

Mars- the fourth most distant planet from the Sun and the seventh largest planet in the solar system; The mass of the planet is 10.7% of the mass of the Earth. Named after Mars, the ancient Roman god of war. Mars is sometimes called the “red planet” because of the reddish tint of its surface given by iron oxide.

Mars is a terrestrial planet with a rarefied atmosphere (the pressure at the surface is 160 times less than that of Earth). Features of the surface relief of Mars can be considered impact craters like those on the Moon, as well as volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps like those on Earth.

Mars has two natural satellites - Phobos and Deimos (translated from ancient Greek - “ fear" And " horror", the names of the two sons of Ares who accompanied him in battle), which are relatively small (Phobos - 26.8 × 22.4 × 18.4 km, Deimos - 15 × 12.2 × 10.4 km) and have an irregular shape.

Mars map

Structure

Elevation map with marks where the vehicles descended

The earth's crust is on average 30 km thick on land and 5 km on the seabed. The mantle extends to a depth of 2900 km.

Size

Firstly, even the online satellite map of Mars does not show how small the radius of the red planet is, which is 3.389 km. Its circumference is 21,344 km. Further, its volume is 1.63 × 10 * 11 km3. And the mass, which is equal to 6.4169 × 10 * 23 kg.

By comparison, it has only 53% of the diameter and about 38% of the surface area of the Earth. This is approximately equal to the area of all the continents of the Earth, and a 3D satellite map of Mars clearly confirms this. Its volume is equal to 15% of the volume of the Earth, and its mass is 11% of the mass of the Earth. As you can see, Mars is a small world, smaller only than Mercury, but despite this, a zoomed-in map of Mars allows you to see its surface in detail.

Surface Features

Olympus mount on Mars

Despite its small size, it has many interesting features. The 3D satellite map of Mars allows you to enjoy the majestic spectacle of Mount Olympus, which is the highest mountain in the solar system with a height of 21.2 km from the base.

Region Cydonia

Color image of the Sidonia region

There are hundreds of volcanoes on the surface of Mars. NASA's map of Mars allows some of them, considered the highest mountains in the solar system, to be seen in great detail.

Pyramids, Sphinxes and Face

The famous "Face on Mars" in high quality

The planet's past

This is most likely what the planet looked like in the past

Visualizing Mars' distant past

A map of Mars in the past clearly shows what the planet might have looked like billions of years ago. An animation by amateur astronomer Kevin Gill showing us a virtually living Mars that could have existed in its heyday. This complete map of Mars was created using data from a laser rangefinder installed on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and satellite images from NASA's Blue Marble Next Generation project.

Volcano Olympus

Flooded Valles Marineris

The clouds are taken directly from the same Blue Marble project and are rendered rather arbitrarily, but still look good. This map of Mars with water deserves another name, such as a map of Mars after colonization or a map of Mars after terraforming, but not a fictional depiction of the planet's distant past.

One day from the past life of the planet

Methane in the atmosphere

Tharsis region, computer model. On the right you can see the Labyrinth of the Night, three volcanoes in the center - Mount Askrian, Mount Pavlina and Mount Arsia

By the way, a map of Mars from a satellite in real time allows you to make a virtual trip to this mountain in one click.

Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)

Geology

Visual map with symbols

Without plate tectonics, the planet's volcanoes would erupt over millions of years. A detailed map of Mars reveals these massive eruptions, which explain why the entire surface is covered in iron-rich basalt. The iron in the basalt rocks interacted with the Martian atmosphere and oxidized. Iron oxide explains why the entire surface of Mars is covered in reddish dust.

Past disasters

Scientists believe it was a much larger planet early in the solar system's history. The impact that created the North Polar Basin was powerful enough to knock part of the planet into space, so the planet may have lost some mass as a result of the impact. A high-resolution map of Mars will help you see the consequences of this cataclysm.

Map of the planet's North Pole

Even the Hubble Space Telescope cannot show us all the details of the mysterious world of the red planet. However, a 3D map of Mars from Google will help you explore the planet in detail. This interactive map of Mars in Russian was created from more than several thousand images taken by artificial probes. Based on data received from the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express of the European Space Agency, a satellite map of Mars was compiled, from the Mars Odyssey satellite, the information received was the most current.

Mars Odyssey

These spacecraft show us new details of the surface and its structure. A convenient map of Mars with names will help you unravel the secrets of the red planet without leaving your home. The controls are intuitive. By zooming in, you can view the surface in more detail. This detailed map of Mars online is one of the most interactive tools that helps not only amateurs, but also educational organizations to more clearly tell about the red planet.

Hypsometric map

Hypsometric maps of both hemispheres of the surface

This detailed hypsometric map of Mars is based on data and measurements from a laser altimeter mounted on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. On it, heights (up to 10 km) were marked in red, and maximum heights (more than 10 km) were colored pink and white-pink. For negative heights, green and blue colors were used. This photo relief map of Mars clearly shows the phenomenon of dichotomy in the structure of the planet’s surface, which consists in the fact that its northern part, on average, is slightly lower in height than the southern part. Scientists believe that many billions of years ago the northern part of the planet, namely its lowlands, was filled with liquid and a detailed gravitational map of Mars confirms this.

Topographical designations

A high-quality, modern map of Mars, along with new names that were assigned to relief forms, according to space images, also uses old mythological and geographical names that were proposed by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. NASA's accurate map of Mars shows that the largest elevation on the planet is called Tharsis, and a large ring depression, a depression in the south, with a diameter of more than 2000 km is called Hellas (as Greece was called in ancient times). A modern map of Mars, a photo of the surface shows it to be heavily cratered, and various areas of the surface are referred to as: Noah's Land, Prometheus' Land, etc. The valleys are given the names of the planet in various languages of the peoples of the Earth. If we take the Valley of Hrath, it means “Mars” in Armenian, and the Valley of Maadim means “Mars” in Hebrew. There is also a detailed map of Mars, the labyrinth of the night in which is presented with the most recent detailed images.

Mosaic image of the Night Labyrinth (Noctis Labyrinthus), imaged by Mars Express

But as with all rules, there are exceptions: the large Valles Marineris, which was named after the successful photographing of the entire surface by the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Smaller valleys, according to their length, are called after the rivers of our planet. For example, Arsia is the name of a classical albedo formation. Aeria – “a distant country beyond the fogs” translated from Greek. Pearl Bay is named after the Hindustan Peninsula, where pearls were mined in ancient times.

Craters

By the way, any fairly clear high-resolution map of Mars shows us that Martian craters are different from the same craters on the Moon or Mercury. The most accurate map of Mars tells us that these craters are shallower and have traces of water and wind erosion.

Holden Crater, ESA image

Selection of cards

Geographic map

Finally, we present to your attention a small selection. The large map of Mars certainly deserves the main attention, as the physical map of Mars is undoubtedly good. This high-resolution map of Mars from National Geographic is compiled by a reputable science magazine that is popular in many countries around the world, making the National Geographic Mars map a great find for anyone interested in astronomy.

Amateur astronomers in action

Map by Daniela Machacek

Mars rover Curiosity

Topography of Gale Crater - landing site of the Curiosity rover, according to the Mars Express satellite

Panorama of Mount Sharp taken by Curiosity on Sol 170 (Martian day)

Spacecraft operating in planetary orbit

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

A satellite map of Mars, accurate and detailed thanks to many years of work not only by probes such as MRO and Mars Odyssey, but also by the European Space Agency's Mars Express probe.

Mars Express

A map of Mars from space is actually a stitching together of data from all spacecraft, which makes it possible for even a large wall map of Mars to look very detailed and accurate. And using modern technologies, a map of Mars is available even from home; you can view the entire surface of the planet online without much effort.

Mars Global Surveyor

Daytime surface temperature

Night surface temperature

This temperature map of Mars shows the following temperature scale - white is the warmest areas of the planet, and the colder areas are correspondingly colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest are blue. On this map, it is summer in the northern hemisphere, while in the southern hemisphere it is the cold Martian winter. Near the planet's equator, slight variations in nighttime temperatures are associated with features of the surface material. The cold blue regions of the planet are covered with fine dust particles, while the warm regions are covered with sand and rocks.