State Archive of the East Kazakhstan Region and its branches

River travel Eastern Kazakhstan.

“Because of the trunks, the forgotten river
Fluctuating spots of the lunar pointelle.
Oh, how pure, calm and light
Because of the trunks - a forgotten river!
You dark one came from afar
Forget, freeze at the bright cradle.
Because of the trunks, a forgotten river
The spots of the lunar pointelle sway..."

Vladislav Khodasevich. "Like a silhouette." July 19 – 20, 1907.

Rafting on the Ulba River in Kazakhstan Altai.

The Ulba River is located in East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan. Formed by merger Gromotukha and Tikhaya rivers, which originate in Ivanovsky and Ubinsky ridges, Rudny Altai.
In the city area Ust-Kamenogorsk, Ulba River, flows into Irtysh River(is a right tributary). The length of the river is 100 kilometers, the area of ​​the river basin is 4,990 km2. The diet is mixed, with a predominance of snow.
The river freezes in November - December and opens in April. Average water flow 100 m³/sec. Located on the river HPP of the Leninogorsk cascade. Located near the Ulba River urban-type settlement Ulba. The village is subordinate to the city administration Ridder city.
The unofficial name of the village is the 4th district. There is a secondary school in the village (11 classes), kindergarten, fire department, mine rescue department. There are also several industrial, grocery and mixed goods stores, several hairdressing salons, a post office and a Halyk Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The Ulba River valley is located in a picturesque mountain gorge with rocky outcrops. The current is fast, there are many rapids. The landscape of the floodplain varies depending on the height. The upper reaches are dominated by gray rocks and screes; just below, there are bright alpine meadows.
Grasses are replaced by cedar, fir, spruce, larch, pine, willow, and birch. Vast clearings are everywhere overgrown with bushes. Where the river valley widens, the meadows turn green. On the right tributary of the Ulba - the Tikhaya River - is the city of Ridder (formerly Leninogorsk) - major center mining industry and non-ferrous metallurgy of the East Kazakhstan region.
In the upper reaches of the Ulba, at the foot of the Ivanovsky ridge, a hydroelectric power station was built, next to which there is an urban-type settlement (Ulba), railroad station, mines of the Ridder mining and processing complex (formerly Leninogorsk polymetallic plant), woodworking plant.
Along Ulba you can do water travel length from 90 to 100 kilometers, second category of complexity. The duration of the rafting is from one to five days. Seasonality - May-August. Starting point of the route - Tishinka station, which tourists can reach from Ust-Kamenogorsk by rail.
During floods and summer rains, the level of the Ulba rises significantly. A kilometer from the station the river divides into several channels. All the sleeves are quite rugged.










Sources:
Adventure Planet, Wikipedia.

Photos
Alexandra Petrova.

The Irtysh River extends in the eastern territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This river, known for its extraordinary length, colossal resources and unique nature, favorite place recreation for tourists who prefer active recreation and fishing in Kazakhstan.

The Irtysh River in Kazakhstan has a length of about 1,700 kilometers. It originates in China, under the name "Black Irtysh" it crosses the territory of Kazakhstan, flowing into Lake Zaisan. And at the exit from the lake, the river receives its true name.

Irtysh River - perfect place for those who are partial to fishing and other things active recreation. Ide, sturgeon, sterlet, burbot and stellate sturgeon are not a complete list of fauna living in the waters of the Irtysh. It is worth noting that the Irtysh River is also one of the cleanest rivers, and in the warm season the water warms up to +22C. The banks of this amazing river - perfect place for walks along the sandy beach. The amazing local flora will not leave any tourist indifferent.

Coordinates: 49.96093900,82.56497600

The rivers of Eastern Kazakhstan are numerous and diverse. There are also turbulent mountain rivers, and there are small, calm, smoothly flowing rivers. Of course, the main waterway of Eastern Kazakhstan is the Irtysh. A deep, wide, once even navigable river, originating in the mountains in China.

Well, here, in the Katon-Karagai region, the main river is, of course, Bukhtarma. Very capricious, sometimes stormy, sometimes calm. Even the color of the water in it is not always the same. Sometimes it is transparent, like a tear, sometimes dark green, sometimes milky white. In the upper reaches of Bukhtarma there is a mountain river flowing in a narrow valley; in the lower reaches the flow is calmer. The source of Bukhtarma in the glaciers of the ridge Southern Altai.

It is the prototype of the legendary “Belovodye”, a country with milk rivers (the real color of the water in the river) and jelly banks. Bukhtarma flows into the Irtysh River. Bukhtarma itself probably has thousands of tributaries, if you count all the rivulets and streams that feed it. And our Sarymsak and Katonka rivers, which go around Katon, also flow into Bukhtarma.

Above Katon, such large rivers as Belaya and Chernaya Berel, Chernovaya and Chindagatuy flow into the river. Well, much further downstream there are also many tributaries. The largest of them are the Belaya, Yazovaya and Turgusun rivers. Bukhtarma is beautiful at any time of the year, both summer and winter. It especially attracts fishermen. After all, there are grayling here, which can only live in clean water. Well, another representative of the predatory fish family lives in the waters of the river - taimen.

In the sixties, the Bukhtarma reservoir, formed by the dam of the hydroelectric power station of the same name, began to be filled with water. Now it's Mecca family vacation and tourism, especially in summer time. On the banks of the reservoir there are many recreation centers where you can have a good rest and fish to your heart's content. The reservoir is home to bream, perch, pike, and pike perch. Even sturgeon species of fish were once found. My father caught, for example, a one and a half meter sturgeon!

Geographical features of the base location. The Altai Alps ski resort is located in the East Kazakhstan region in the foothills of Altai. The Kazakhstani part of Altai is divided into mountain regions: Southern Altai, Rudny Altai and Kalbinsky ridge. The mountains of the Altai Alps base geographically belong to Rudny Altai, which is located closest to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk (30 km). More precisely, these are the western outskirts of the Ulbinsky ridge within the altitude range of 600-1000 m. The Ulbinsky ridge reaches its greatest height in the northeast 2368 m (Mount Verkhne-Ulbinskaya). Rudny Altai is generally relatively low. The highest point is located in the Ivanovo ridge - 2822 m. More serious peaks are significantly removed from the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.

I think many people know that highest point Altai - Mount Belukha 4506 m. You won’t see it from the Altai Alps base - it’s 260 km in a straight line.

In the nature of Altai, local forests immediately catch the eye. Here in Almaty you will never see so many trees so low. They begin to grow here from the very foot of the mountains. The height is only 400 m. Birch, aspen, pine and spruce prevail. And the deeper into the mountains, the denser and more lush the forest.

Rivers. The base is located in the basin of the Malaya Ulba River in its small left tributary Prokhodnaya.

Animals. Wild animals in the Altai Mountains include bears, wild boars, moose, mountain goats and snow leopards. Birds: wood grouse, hazel grouse, partridges, woodpeckers, snowcocks.

Climate. Altai Mountains– this is one of the centers of the most severe frosts in Kazakhstan. In weather forecasts in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, we often see temperatures below -40 o C. Of course, if you are “lucky” to get there, then it is not pleasant. In historical tapes, the most severe frosts in Eastern Kazakhstan were recorded in Oryol village-54 o C! However, most of Winters here are not that cold. And the big plus for skiers is that there is always winter here at its time of year. Thaws occur very rarely. Mountains are characterized by inversions, just like ours. They are somewhat warmer than on the plain during the establishment of anticyclones (clear weather). This is also a plus. In the table below (according to Kazhydromet) I present the average temperatures from November to March (red - daytime, green - daily, blue - night).

Temperature, o C

November December January February
Ust-Kamenogorsk, 300 m -8 -10 -9
-13,6 -16,1 -15,4
-19 -22 -22
Altai Mountains, 800 m (Ridder) -5,5 -6,5 -5,5
-11,1 -12,4 -11,8

12,5

-16,5 -18,5 -18,5

In winter, a lot of snow falls in the Altai mountains. Average precipitation is 3-4 times higher than in city ​​U-K. Ski season lasts from the end of November to the end of March. But in some years there are problems with snow, so it’s better to call and find out if you want to go in November or at the end of March. The amount of snow is approximately as follows: end of November 20-30 cm, December 30-45 cm, January 45-55 cm, February 55-80 cm, March 80-40 cm.


Snow height of about 1 m – this is a very snowy year

Heavy snowfalls occur towards the end of the season - late February-early March. Often in November, after snow, thaws come. In the second half of March, thaws are a common occurrence.

At the same time, there are very long periods without fresh snow falling in the winter months (1-3 weeks), when Altai Territory the Siberian anticyclone takes over.

Snowstorms in the Altai Mountains occur on average 3-4 days per month. Sometimes their number reaches 10-15 days in 1 month.

The predominant wind direction is southeast. Accordingly, powerful cornices are formed on the ridges on the northern and northwestern sides (note to freeriders).

Slopes and tracks. There are 3 ski areas located near the base. 2 rope tows are located directly next to the base. You can drive off the slopes directly to the houses or cafes.

The 1st lift is located to the right of the car parking area. There are 4 tracks with a length of 700-800 m. The tracks are suitable for those who confidently stand on their equipment. If you go off the piste, you may find untouched snow.


View of the slopes of the 1st lift from the opposite slope (lift No. 3,4)
Descent along the left road to the base houses

The 2nd lift is located to the left of the base. To the beginning you need to walk 150 m. There are 2 tracks of 800-900 m. To the right of the lift is the main one, where you can improve your skiing technique. On the left, before reaching the end of the cable car, there is a sign indicating a training slope. This is a wide trail for beginners. You can reach it from above, driving through the powder among the aspens, and then you can go to the left of the training route into the birches. It turns out to be a good track for freeride lovers.

The track was just perfect when we arrived. Fresh snow and frost made corduroy unusually soft and tasty.


We are one of the first on the slope
View of the training track from above. In the distance you can see the slope with ski lifts No. 3 and No. 4 under construction
Training track

We also went to the right into a fairly wide gorge, which leads to the houses and the route of the 1st ski lift. At the end you have to do a little raking. But the slope is wide and snowy. Almost no one skates like that. This path is not marked on the official map.


Untouched snow in the forest next to the slopes
An unknown freeride slope leading to the houses (its end is shown in the photo)

The 3rd lift is located at a distance from the base. You can get here by walking along the Ust-Kamenogorsk-Zyryanovsk highway for 700 m, or ride out from the 2nd drag lift along the training track and climb a slope of 50 m and descend 100 m. Locals drive here directly by car, which is generally convenient. The 3rd lift is a chairlift that was brought from Chimbulak.


Chairlift No. 3

At the time of our arrival, the 4th lift was being installed, also a chairlift, which goes out to the ridge. The trails are not difficult, but are not suitable for beginners, although some were seen on the slope who were clearly standing on the apparatus for the first time. This is the longest ski slope at the Altai Alps base. From the 3rd ski lift, 3 trails of 1.1-1.2 km are accessible. One - the main one goes in a zigzag along the slope, the other 2 are located to the right of the main route. You can freeride among the aspen groves - these places are clearly visible when you go up on the cable car from the left and right.


View from the route of the 3rd lift
View of the route of the 4th lift, which was being installed at the time of our arrival

Since the slopes face south, this route will always be tougher, especially in the morning. Another feature is that at the top the route is blown by the winds. And they can be very strong here. If you want to go freeride, then be prepared for the fact that the powder in the forest will be replaced by very hard boards in open windward areas.

Ski pass. The cost varies depending on the number of lifts. Riders are given tickets, which is definitely inconvenient. They will get rid of this in the near future. Currently, a daily ski pass is valid only on weekdays for all cable cars for 4,000 tenge.

Number of lifts

Cost, tenge

T-bar lifts No. 1 and No. 2

Cost, tenge

Chairlift cable car №3

350 500
1 600
10 3 000
20 5 600
8 100

Anthem of Ust-Kamenogorsk

Words by V. Yurkina, S. Apasova
music by S. Apasova

In the heart of Rudny Altai
Above the river, at the stone heights
You stand like an age-old fortress
A stronghold of peace and tranquility.

The Left Bank and the Right Bank have become friends
Uniting two destinies into one,
To all the working and glorious people
Turning the fortress into a fairy tale city!

CHORUS: Hail, Ust-Kamenogorsk!

Your metal is known throughout the planet,
In Atomprom there is no one stronger than you,
Our children play hockey here
They know your hockey in the Major League!

Zhasai ber kiyndyk kormesten,
Er kuni deuletin orletken.
Zhasai ber zhyldarmen zhasaryp,
Ul-kyzyn besiktey terbet sen.

CHORUS: Zhasa, Oskemen, Zhasa!
Esem enmen, esem zhyrmen orilip.
Maktanamiz ozinmen
Suyemiz Senii
Thaw the joint seasonally.

Hail, Ust-Kamenogorsk
Let's stand next to each other and sing to each other:
"We are proud of you, Ust-Kamenogorsk,
The city of Kazakhstan metallurgists!"
"We are proud of you, Ust-Kamenogorsk,
The city of Kazakhstan metallurgists!"

General overview of the city

The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is the industrial, cultural and administrative center of the East Kazakhstan region, officially founded in 1868, and founded in 1720 as the Ust-Kamennaya fortress. The city's territory covers 580 sq. km.

As of January 1, 2010, the city's population was 300.1 thousand people. The ethnic composition for the same period is presented in the following ratio: Kazakhs - 26.5%, Russians - 68.1%, Germans -1.3%, Ukrainians - 1.2%, Tatars - 0.2%, Belarusians - 0, 3%, Azerbaijanis - 0.2%, Uzbeks - 0.1%, other nationalities -1%. The administrative subordination of the city includes 1 city, 1 rural district, 37 rural settlements.(1)

The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk lies in the latitudinal zone of the steppe, 6000 kilometers from Atlantic Ocean and 2500 kilometers from the coast of the Arctic Ocean.

The city itself and its surroundings are located in the foothills of the Altai mountain side in the basin of the upper reaches of the Irtysh River - largest river Kazakhstan, at 50 degrees north latitude.

The Irtysh River originates on the western slopes of the Mongolian Altai and before it flows into Lake Zaisan it is called the Black Irtysh, and when leaving it it is called the White Irtysh. The Irtysh breakthrough valley separates the Kalbinsky and Narymsky ridges. In the section from the mouth of the Bukhtarma River to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, the Irtysh flows through a narrow rocky gorge.

The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is located in a vast flat-bottomed basin, pear-shaped - expanding from southeast to northwest, in the valleys and watershed areas of the Irtysh rivers and its right tributary, the Ulba. The water surface is also represented by the Ust-Kamenogorsk reservoir and the left tributaries of the Irtysh - the Ablaketka, Ulanka, Dresvyanka rivers.

The relief of the city's surroundings is characterized by plains, gentle slopes, rounded flattened peaks and flat watersheds, ridges and hills, feather grass steppes, and small hilly foothills. The high floodplain of the left bank of the Irtysh is occupied by a tree nursery. Significant areas of the left bank floodplains are used as pastures, hayfields and summer cottages.

The city center is located on the right bank of the Irtysh and the left bank of the Ulba within the floodplain terraces.

The city and its surroundings are located in the transition zone from the forest-steppe to the steppes. Woody vegetation is located mainly on watersheds, slopes of northern and northeastern exposure and areas of valleys. Near the inhabited strip, the tree vegetation has been greatly altered and cut down.

The main distribution within Ust-Kamenogorsk and its environs are chernozems and chestnut soils. Around the city, a significant part of the soil is allocated for arable land, gardening and summer cottages.

The geographical location of the city and its environs determines the magnitude and nature of zonal climatic processes. Uniqueness geographical location territory is that Eastern Kazakhstan and its regional center located on the border of the great plains of Eurasia and High Asia in the central part of the temperate geographical zone, on the border of planetary rank, where three types of climate meet.

The diversity and contrast of mesoclimates characterizes the weak windiness of the landscapes and the sharp continentality of the climate.

In general, the climate of the city’s environs is temperate continental with unstable moisture. The cold period for Ust-Kamenogorsk includes five months: from November to March. The absolute minimum air temperature ranges from -49º in January to +4º in July. The absolute maximum is from +8º in January to +43º in July.

The shape of the city plan of Ust-Kamenogorsk is complex: dissected and linear, highlighting the main residential area, which is predominant in size.

At first it was a fortress located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers, founded by Major Likharev in 1720 (one of the city streets now bears the name of the major).

The history of the founding and development of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is closely connected with the history of Siberia. At the end of the 16th and 17th centuries various regions One after another, Siberia became part of Russia. Cities, fortresses, and villages were built. Throughout the 17th century, the Russian state made repeated attempts to move up the Irtysh.

In May 1720 The expedition of Ivan Mikhailovich Likharev, equipped according to the personal decree of Peter I, headed to Lake Zaisan. The purpose of the expedition was the desire of the Russian government to advance to the upper reaches of the Irtysh, dictated by a number of reasons, the main of which were the further expansion of trade relations with eastern countries and mastery of the ore wealth of Altai.(2)

Rudny Altai has been a favorable territory for human life since ancient times. Good soils and varied pastures, numerous deposits of polymetals, forest wealth, abundance of game animals and fish have long attracted people to this region, who, having displaced the Kazakhs, were captured by the Western Mongolian tribes - the Dzungars.

Rudny Altai has always played an important role in historical development tribes and peoples, as it connected Southern Siberia and Altai with Semirechye and Central Asia.

In the 18th century, measures were taken to strengthen new state borders. The main attention is paid to the construction of military lines along the Irtysh River.

The reason for expanding the border to the south up the Irtysh was a rumor about the abundance of gold placers, supposedly located near the Dzungarian city of Erketi.(3)

The rumors that reached Peter I could not remain unheeded, since during his reign the search for gold and silver ores was particularly vigorous.

The equipped expedition reached the lake safely, but the further path along the Black Irtysh was blocked by a large Dzungarian detachment. The Dzungar attacks were easily repulsed, but a new obstacle stood in the way - the shallowed Irtysh. The expedition turned back.

August 20, 1720 A military detachment of the Russian army arrived at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers, where work began on the construction of the fortress. This day is considered to be the founding day of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.

Ivan Likharev did not find the fabulous Yarkand, did not discover rich placers of sand gold. But a small dot appeared on the map - the Ust-Kamennaya fortress, the extreme southern end of the formed Irtysh line, at the place where the Irtysh and Ulba merge, so named because it was in this place that the Irtysh seemed to break out of the mouth stone mountains and continued to roll its waters across the plain.

The fortress was surrounded by fairly high ramparts. The fortress had barracks for soldiers, a military hospital, apartments for military commanders, various storerooms and sections of a convict prison, which, by the way, still exists. The first houses outside the fortress were built near the fortification. Thus the foundation of the city was laid.

The fortress was a fortification with a high earthen rampart in the form of a regular quadrangle, surrounded by a ditch and inside “a front garden as tall as a man was placed on top of the rampart.” The buildings inside the fortress were wooden. This wooden fortress burned to the ground in 1765. Construction has begun new fortress, large, surrounded by a rampart and ditches. The remains of this earthen rampart have survived to this day.

Among the fortresses and redoubts, the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress was recognized as the main of all Verkhirtysh fortifications, the “corner point” where the Irtysh, Kolyvano-Kuznetsk and Bukhtarma lines met.

The administrative subordination of the fortress changed several times in the 18th century. Founded in the first quarter of the 18th century, the Verkhirtysh fortresses - Omsk, Zhelezinskaya, Yamyshevskaya, Semipalatinsk and Ust-Kamenogorsk - were assigned to the Tobolsk province.

In the second half of the 18th century, settlers, mainly Siberian Cossacks, began to settle near the fortress. There were also many exiles. In 1762, a decree was issued that invited Russian Old Believers, who at one time fled to Poland from religious persecution, to return to their homeland. They were offered places in Altai for resettlement.

The foundation of the city was laid by Ilyinskaya, Troitskaya, Bolshaya, Andreevskaya streets. They started from the shore and built up along Ulba. These streets were crossed by Solyanaya, Krepostnoy, Mechetsky, and Soborny lanes.

The central part of the city, 1912.

Old maps of the city show the strict straightness of the streets and alleys. Thanks to this layout, the city was well blown by fresh winds from the mountains, and during floods, water easily dispersed through the streets and alleys.

Before the revolution, the central part of the city (Kirova Street, Kirov Park, M. Gorky Street) was characterized by a pronounced commercial flavor. It was created by numerous commercial buildings. Market square with shopping arcades; trade in agricultural products at the city bazaar was carried out daily and briskly. A fair was also held here annually, where bread, furs, oil, leather, wax, honey and other goods were sold. There were also stone shops of rich merchants here. Several of these buildings have been preserved on the street. Kirov, M. Gorky St.

Mosque

In 1779, the territory occupied by the Kolyvan-Voskresensky factories and the villages assigned to them was transformed into the Kolyvan region, which included the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress. In 1780, the Kolyvan region was renamed into a province consisting of five districts. The Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress was part of the Semipalatinsk district.

After the division of Siberia into governorships in 1795, the Kolyvan governorship included the Kolyvan-Voskresensky factories in the district, which included the Semipalatinsk district.

With the development of the mining industry in the region and, especially, with the opening of the Riddersky and Zyryanovsky mines at the end of the 18th century, the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress began to play the role of a transshipment base through which ores were transported to Altai factories by horse-drawn and waterways.

Years and decades passed. The beginning of the 19th century was significant for the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress. Having been a village, in 1804 it received the status of a city, although with a population of 1304 people, 207 wooden houses, one drinking house, five handicraft enterprises and one church. Ust-Kamenogorsk was a small provincial town with several crooked streets and alleys, which at first did not have any specific name at all. Over the course of the century, its administrative subordination changed several times.

Flood, 1931

Since 1822, Ust-Kamenogorsk was part of Omsk region, since 1836 - part of the Tomsk province, since 1854 - the Semipalatinsk region.

In 1868, as a result of the redistribution of the Kokpekty district and the Zaisan police station of the Semipalatinsk region, the Ust-Kamenogorsk district was formed with its center in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Ust-Kamenogorsk remained as a district town until 1917.

Siberian cities were divided into three categories according to the size of the population living in them: crowded, medium-sized and sparsely populated. Ust-Kamenogorsk fell into the group of sparsely populated cities, in which the entire administration was represented by an “official from the crown”, a mayor and elected city elders.

Ust-Kamenogorsk was an important transit point in trade with Xinjiang, Kashmir, and Tibet. Russian-Mongolian trade was carried out through Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk, and Zaisan.

Market Square, now Kirov Park

The city's industry was represented by dwarf tanneries, soap factories, oil mills and brick factories, which employed one or two workers.

With the development of the gold industry in Siberia, the “gold rush” also swept Ust-Kamenogorsk. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, there were 107 gold mines in Ust-Kamenogorsk.

Semi-handicraft type enterprises were mainly engaged in processing agricultural products. Machines and engines were introduced into production slowly. The most mechanized were Kostyurin's mechanical workshops, Babkin's mill, and Sidorov's creamery. The total number of workers employed at industrial enterprises increased to 250-300 people. The urban manufacturing industry was closely connected with mining enterprises. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were 132 active mines in Ust-Kamenogorsk district, from which over 200 pounds of gold were mined from 1894 to 1900.

According to the First General Census of Population Russian Empire In 1897, 8,721 people lived in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Until 1917, the city's population doubled due to the influx of settlers and the devastated peasantry. The townspeople were engaged in arable farming, animal husbandry, beekeeping, fishing, gold mining and trade.

By the beginning of the 20th century, trade continued to develop, a pier and a railway were being built (Zashchita station).

In 1900, among the best part of the intelligentsia, mainly former political exiles, the idea arose of establishing a People's House with a library, reading room, and museum. It was decided to build the first cultural and educational institution using donations. In 1902, the People's House was opened.

In 1908, the city had 12 tanneries, six lard and soap factories, two oil mills, two brick factories and one breweries handicraft type, three water mills and a mechanical workshop. The city also had one hospital with 10 beds, one outpatient clinic for the visiting peasant population of the county, one small pharmacy, and a public library.

Kostyurin workshops

Children studied at the city school, three parish schools (male, female and mixed), and the Mariinsky Women's School.

Each city has its own face. Ust-Kamenogorsk at the beginning of the twentieth century was small town, consisting of nine streets: Beregovaya, Ilyinskaya, Troitskaya, Bolshaya, Andreevskaya, Nikolskaya, Sadovaya, Medvezhya, Kanavnaya.

They were built entirely with wooden houses. With the development of gold mining, local industry and trade, the city began to be built up with brick houses, merchant storehouses and public buildings. Their owners were the Ust-Kamenogorsk merchants and the emerging Russian and Tatar bourgeoisie.

The main attractions of Ust-Kamenogorsk were a two-story brick building of a three-class city school (later a school for working youth), a one-story brick building of the Mariinsky School (now a department of the city hospital), the People's House (now the Dzhambul Drama Theater), the Intercession Cathedral, the prison castle and the houses of gold miners Menovshchikov (now a printing house) and Valitov (Altai department of the Institute of Geological Sciences named after K. Satpayev).

Due to the increasing influx of immigrants from the central provinces of Russia, the need to open new schools increased. In 1912 in Ust-Kamenogorsk there were 6 parish schools, one three-class men's school, the Mariinsky women's school, and a one-class parochial school. Only in 1914 A secondary educational institution appeared in the city - a women's gymnasium. Education in all educational institutions was paid.

The People's House is the current building of the drama theater; all subsequent important events are connected with it. Here, in the hall of the People's House on March 14, 1918. Soviet power was proclaimed. In April 1920 The first Komsomol cell was organized, and an amateur drama theater operated.

After the proclamation of Soviet power at a crowded meeting in the building of the People's House, all power passed into the hands of the Bolshevik Council of Deputies, headed by Chairman Yakov Vasilyevich Ushanov. The Soviet of Deputies existed for 97 days. During these days, a lot of economic issues were being resolved: the ferry across Ulba, the repair of public buildings, the construction of a power plant, the improvement of the city. A labor office was created and public Works, the Red Guard was created, new schools were opened, the Youth Union was organized.

June 10, 1918 Soviet power was overthrown. Members of the Soviet of Deputies were arrested and imprisoned, and then executed.

December 10, 1919 units of the Red Army and partisans of the Berezovsky detachment liberated Ust-Kamenogorsk. Soviet power was restored.

The construction of a brick factory, a slaughterhouse, a pharmacy, a hospital, and a water pump began. Land management work was carried out to strengthen the banks of the Ulba in the city area, and the streets were improved.

In the 1920s, the city's population grew slowly. In 1926, 13,909 inhabitants were registered.

Ust-Kamenogorsk district was characterized by a relatively highly developed industry, where there operated an oil mill, a cereal mill, a distillery, two sawmills, the Irtysh lead plant, 4 mechanized and 17 small hand and horse-drawn butter factories. The small flour milling industry was represented by 65 water mills. Handicrafts were highly developed.

Ust-Kamenogorsk was connected by a narrow-gauge railway with the city of Ridder. During the navigation period there was regular steamship communication with the city of Semipalatinsk. Ust-Kamenogorsk was a large pier on the Irtysh.

The city gradually became the center of a large economic region, and in 1939 - the regional center of the East Kazakhstan region.

Huge reserves of polymetallic ores and the availability of processing facilities predetermined the evacuation of the Electrozinc plant to Ust-Kamenogorsk from the city of Ordzhonikidze in 1942, at the height of the Great Patriotic War.

Construction of the first zinc electrolyte plant in Kazakhstan has begun. After the war, as part of reparations from Nazi Germany, the latest equipment from the Magdeburg Zinc Plant was transported here. In September 1947, the Ust-Kamenogorsk zinc plant produced the first metal ingots.

The plant became the basis for the creation of a lead-zinc plant - one of the most powerful non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises Soviet Union. From that moment on, the metallurgical industry, construction, and energy began to develop intensively in the city.

In October 1949, the Ulba Metallurgical Plant (UMZ) produced the first batch of its products, which Soviet time was a "mailbox". Its profile was uranium, beryllium and other rare earth compounds.

For a long time, the objects of the military-industrial complex served as the second dominant factor in the development of the city. And although for this reason the city remained closed to the outside world for many decades, its life was multifaceted and rich. Non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, coupled with a prominent representative of the nuclear industry of the Soviet Union - the Ulba Metallurgical Plant - gave birth to dozens of other industrial enterprises, contributed to the creation of many scientific centers and a thorough personnel training system. All new areas of the city are turning into construction sites for future enterprises. Builders, specialists, and scientists come here from different parts of the Soviet Union.

In 1965, a titanium-magnesium plant (TMK) was launched in the Sogra area up the Ulba. Titanium and magnesium have been added to the rare metals produced in Eastern Kazakhstan.

Built in the eastern part of the city railroad bridge. Having revived the dead-end part of the region, breaking through the coastal rocks, a railway ran from Ust-Kamenogorsk to Zyryanovsk.

With the construction of the dam in 1952, energy capacity increased, stimulating the construction of new industrial enterprises.

In 1959, a tram service was opened, and in 1960, the Bukhtarminskaya hydroelectric power station was opened. The Irtysh, blocked by dams, formed the Ust-Kamenogorskoye and Bukhtarminskoye reservoirs. The waters of the latter merged with the largest lake in the region, Zaisan.

The city becomes cramped within its old borders, and in 1970 another bridge was built across the Irtysh River, which gave rise to the construction of the left bank part with enterprise buildings and residential areas.

In order to employ the female half of the townspeople and direct the development of the city to the left bank of the Irtysh, the Silk Fabric Factory (SFC) was founded in 1970.

Without slowing down, avenues are being built and multi-storey buildings are going up. In place of squat huts, houses with front gardens and vegetable gardens and multi-storey microdistricts appear. Large construction organizations are being created and developed - Altaisvinetsstroy, Irtysh Construction Department, dozens of installation and specialized subcontracting departments. The abundance of cars, construction cranes and visiting people radically changes the rhythm of the city.

The city grew especially rapidly in the 60-80s of the 20th century.

Modern Ust-Kamenogorsk is the center of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan. Today Ust-Kamenogorsk is rightly called the city of metallurgists. The three “pillars” of the republic’s non-ferrous metallurgy located on its territory: the Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical complex “Kazzinc”, the Ulba metallurgical plant and the titanium-magnesium plant have brought world fame to East Kazakhstan.

Ust-Kamenogorsk is a city of power engineers. Flower garden enterprises are fueled by a powerful energy system that has developed within the city. Ust-Kamenogorskaya HPP, Ust-Kamenogorskaya and Sogrinskaya CHPPs, city energy and heating networks are the heart of the city’s economy and its infrastructure.

Ust-Kamenogorsk is also the center of the engineering industry. This industry in the regional center began to develop only in the 60-70s of the last century, but now it has great potential.

Railway, road and air routes of republican and international importance converge in Ust-Kamenogorsk. The region's river shipping company transported millions of tons of cargo and hundreds of thousands of passengers.

The processing industry has also developed in the city. This is the oldest plant for the production of sunflower oil, a flour mill, a wine and vodka enterprise, a brewery, a furniture factory, and small and medium-sized businesses.

And Ust-Kamenogorsk is a large scientific center of the republic, consisting of industry institutes “VNIITsvetmet”, “Kazgiprotsvetmet”, departments of the Republican Research Institute of Regional Pathology and the Institute named after K. Satpayev.

In the republic, Ust-Kamenogorsk occupies one of the leading places in the development of culture and sports, especially the hockey team “Kazzinc-Torpedo”.

Higher educational institutions of the regional center are represented by four universities: East Kazakhstan State Technical University named after Serikbayev, East Kazakhstan State University named after. Amanzholova, Kazakh-American Free University, East Kazakhstan Regional University.

East Kazakhstan State University named after S. Amanzholov

A tiny fortress on the Irtysh from the time of Peter the Great laid the foundation for the modern large administrative, industrial, scientific, cultural and sports center of the republic. And its powerful productive forces have become the main component of the economy of Eastern Kazakhstan, the main directions of which are non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking, energy, light industry, forestry, and food industry.

The city-forming enterprises of today's Ust-Kamenogorsk: Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC, Kazzinc LLP, Titanium-Magnesium Plant JSC, Ust-Kamenogorsk Thermal Power Plant LLP.

The main types of industrial products produced: fuel for nuclear power plants, products based on beryllium, tantalum and niobium, hydrofluoric acid, raw zinc, refined lead, refined gold and silver, titanium, magnesium, heat energy, electricity.

As of January 1, 2010, there were 9 agricultural enterprises, 50 operating peasant farms and 20.6 thousand personal subsidiary plots in the city.

At the beginning of the 2009/2010 academic year, the city had 66 daytime comprehensive schools with a population of 32,419 students, 15 colleges with a population of 10,402 students, 19 professional lyceums - 2,949 students, 4 independent higher educational institutions - 24,957 students, 17 libraries, 3 museums, 9 clubs institutions, 1 theater, 3 cinemas, 1 concert organization, 1 sports palace, 1 park of culture and recreation and 1 zoo.

The main modes of transport are road, rail, water, and air. Railway transport within the region, it connects the regional center with the cities of Ridder, Semey, Zyryanovsk, Ayagoz, Shemonaikha and has a junction station of the Zashchitinsky branch of the Almaty railway RSE "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy" and the building railway station for 150 seats.

Air transportation of the city is carried out by the joint-stock company "Ust-Kamenogorsk Airport" This airport has everything necessary means for service aircraft, airline-owned who transport passengers, luggage, cargo, and mail.

River transport is currently not functioning due to the lack of transport fleet and infrastructure.

The transport interchange of the city is solved in two ways passenger transport- automobile and electric (tram).

Total length highways The city's territory is 662 km. km., railway - 50 km., distance from the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan is 1100 km. (4)

Administrative-territorial changes

In 1720 the Ust-Kamennaya fortress was founded. The Cossack village that arose under her turned into a village, which in 1868. transformed into Ust-Kamenogorsk.

By resolution of the Ust-Kamenogorsk district executive committee of September 1, 1920. the village of Ust-Kamenogorskoye (Upper Pristan) and Zaulbinskaya Sloboda (Long Village) are annexed to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (5)

According to the resolution of the presidium of the Ust-Kamenogorsk district executive committee dated June 17, 1922. No. 45, the villages of Ust-Kamenogorsky, Verkhnyaya Pristan, Zaulbinskaya Sloboda, Zashchitinsky, Akhmirovsky were allocated as independent administrative units, with their inclusion in the new Zaulbinskaya volost with its center in the Zaulbinskaya Sloboda. (6)

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated September 19, 1939. the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is classified as a city of regional subordination. (7)

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated October 14, 1939. the regional center of the East Kazakhstan region was moved from the city of Semipalatinsk to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (8)

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated April 27, 1957. The working villages of Ablaketka, Pervomaisky, and Zashchita are included within the city limits of Ust-Kamenogorsk. The Ablaketsky and Zashchitinsky councils were retained, the Pervomaisky council was abolished. (9)

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated November 16, 1959. the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is designated as the regional center of the Kirov district of the East Kazakhstan region. (10)

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated November 19, 1962. excluded from the city limits of Ust-Kamenogorsk and transferred to the newly formed Ushanovsky village council of the Kirov region settlements Basova Zaimka, Stepnoy, Ushanovo. (eleven)

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated November 19, 1962. the settlements Mirny, Zagorodny, Verkhneuulbinka (Sogra), Kirovskaya RTS, Airport, Altaienergo GPP-7 substation are included within the city limits of Ust-Kamenogorsk; were excluded and transferred to the Kirov district UKOS, Basova Zaimka, Stepnoy, Ushanovo. (12)

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR dated April 10, 1973. in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Ulbinsky and Oktyabrsky districts were formed. (13)

By the decision of the session of the city Maslikhat and akim of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk on February 15, 1996. No. 748 Oktyabrsky and Ulbinsky districts of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk were abolished. (14)

By the decision of the Akim of the East Kazakhstan region dated June 12, 2001. the village of Komsomolsky, Bobrovsky rural district, Glubokovsky district, was transferred to the administrative subordination of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (15)
______________________________________________________________
1) Statistical information is presented on the official website of the Department of Statistics of the East Kazakhstan region at the address:http://www.shygys.stat.kz
2) Detailed information about the formation of the city can be found in the articles of the section “History of the region” (subsection “My city of Ust-Kamenny”), in the section “Collections of documents” (S.E. Chernykh “The fortress laid the beginning ...”)
3) Yarkand. Now a city in China, Xinjiang province, on the Yarkand River. At the time in question it was dependent on the Dzungar feudal lords
4) State Archive of the East Kazakhstan Region (GAVKO), f.767, op.13, no.123
5) GAVKO, f.338, op.1, d.3, l.19; f.13, op.1, d.5, l.52
6) GAVKO, f.13, op.1, d.36, l.11ob., 13
7) Collection of laws of the Kazakh SSR and decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, 1938-1957, p. 118
8) Central State Archive (CSA) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, f.1109, op.5, d.46, l.19
9) Collection of laws of the Kazakh SSR and decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, 1938-1957, p. 368
10) Gazette of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, 1959, No. 8, p.23
11) Gazette of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, 1962, no.
12) Gazette of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, 1969, no.
13) Gazette of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR, 1973, No. 17, p. 18
14) Brief reference book of the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1991-1997, Issue No. 1, p. 78
15) Newspaper “Rudny Altai”, June 15, 2001.