Where is Florence in which country? Statue of David by Michelangelo. About long and short distance travel
Florence is rightly called the birthplace of the Renaissance and Renaissance culture. Not every city in the world can boast of the birth and residence of the most famous great personalities that we know about today. Renaissance architecture is still alive, although it was created so many centuries ago; today many buildings in the largest cities of the world are built in this style, despite the dominance of high-tech and modernism. Florence is one of the few cities that can rightfully be called a museum under open air. The city is comfortably located on the banks of the Arno River and is today the administrative center of Tuscany. As of 2013, the population was just under four hundred thousand people. In the old days, Florence was the capital of the Italian kingdom, which is why today we can see in the city all those beauties in the form of castles, palaces where famous rulers of those times lived, cozy squares along which the local nobility in the form of dukes and duchesses walked.
Today, Florence is among the TOP 50 most fashionable cities in the world and is rightfully considered the most important center Italian fashion. For decades, the city has been bringing huge profits to the country's treasury due to the endless flow of tourists. Overall, it is the most important economic and industrial center in the country.
Holidays in Florence
Florence is incredibly beautiful! And this concerns not only the sights and antiquities that have survived to this day, but also the location itself - the city, located on the banks of the Arno River, is surrounded by picturesque hills and plains. Considering that three rivers flow through Florence (these are the Arno, Greve and Terzole), one can only imagine how many bridges and crossings there are centuries-old history provided in the city!
Climate of Florence
Florence's climate ranges between subtropical and Mediterranean. Summer, judging by the weather, lasts from April to mid-October. In winter it is warm, but rainy and therefore damp. There were years when it was really cold in Florence in the winter with rain and snow!
The average daily temperature in the winter months is + 7 degrees Celsius, in the summer months + 23-25 degrees.
Getting to Florence from Russia
The convenient location of Florence (literally in the center of the “boot”) allows you to get to the city by any means of transport if a tourist is traveling around Italy. The sea coast is about a hundred kilometers away. The only caveat is that there are no direct flights from Russia to Florence. There are also no direct train or bus flights from major Italian cities. In any case, transplants are needed. The exception is personal or rented vehicles.
Air traffic
The most optimal route is Moscow-Rome-Florence. Several airlines fly passengers on this route - Aeroflot and AllItalia. A round-trip ticket per passenger costs from 15 to 18 thousand rubles (to Rome). Next comes connections with local airlines. You can, in principle, spend a day in Rome and then go to the Italian paradise by train (fortunately, comfortable conditions travel will be provided). High-speed train will deliver to Florence in an hour and a half, a regular one in three and a half. The cost of a one-way train ticket varies from 20 to 40 euros per person. The price will largely depend on the level of the carriage, class of train, distance, etc.
By plane it is more convenient in terms of speed of delivery - all flights land at Amerigo Vespucci Airport. There is a bus to the city center that costs five euros, and a taxi costs around 20-25 euros.
Train ride
There are no direct trains from Russia to Florence, but there are direct trains to Venice, which is also convenient in terms of the opportunity to spend a whole day of sightseeing in this wonderful city on the water. Trenitalia operates direct trains from Venice to Florence. You can also rent a car or go by bus. Travel time Venice-Florence is about three hours. Trains arrive at the central train station of Santa Maria Novella, which is right in the city center. There is, among other things, another station where trains from cities neighboring Florence arrive.
Bus service
There are also no direct bus services from Moscow or St. Petersburg to Florence. A distance of several thousand kilometers is too great. The only thing is that you can get to any large city The EU is in Germany and from there you can take a bus to Florence. Let’s say from Rome to Florence it takes three hours by bus and the cost is about 20 euros. All buses arrive at Central Bus Station, located next to the railway.
By car
Anyone traveling to Florence by car is enviable! In a couple of days on the road, the tourist will see not only the charm of the Alps, sunflower and poppy fields amazing in their scale and beauty, but also the largest European cities. From Moscow you will have to travel through Belarus (along the M1 highway), then to Poland and from there (choosing the most optimal route through cities and countries) to Italy. Without stopping it will take about 30 hours and 2700 kilometers from Moscow.
Transport connections in Florence
There is no metro in the city. This is understandable. Its size is almost ten times smaller than the area of Rome. Trams and buses will be sufficient for transportation. It is also important that all the most interesting things can be seen by walking around the city walking. Almost all attractions and major tourist sites are located in the central part of the city and a little further from it. By the way, the movement of vehicles in the historical center is significantly limited, which is worth remembering for those who decide to rent a car to travel around Florence.
There are a lot of buses. Even too much for such a small city. There are about a hundred routes. Impressive, isn't it? Eco-friendly electric buses operate in the city center, the distinctive feature of which is their small dimensions and designation (C1, C2, C3 and D). The main carrier is a state-owned company - ATAF, which offers passengers a unified system of ticket prices. The price for an hour and a half journey (during this time you can get on and off the bus as many times as you like) is 1.20 euros. A daily subscription will cost five euros, a three-day subscription will already cost 12 euros. For tourists planning to stay in Florence for a week or more, a seven-day pass costs 18 euros. At night, the cost of tickets increases - from eight in the evening to three in the morning you will have to pay four euros.
Bus tickets can be purchased at the ATAF special hall at railway station, in tobacco kiosks, bars, shops and kiosks selling periodicals. Those who did not have time to purchase a ticket in advance can do so directly from the driver, but more expensive - for two euros.
In Florence, a tram service has recently opened, which was closed more than fifty years ago. Today the line connects the central railway station with the Scandicci area, located on the very outskirts of the city. For tourists, a tram ride is a real opportunity to get to know the city for a small fee. Considering that the tram runs literally every five minutes and the travel time is twenty minutes, you can safely go on a trip.
Florence taxi
A taxi ride requires passengers to pay for literally everything, from calling a car from the hotel to transporting luggage. Boarding - a little more than three euros, calling a car - 2 euros, the fourth and fifth passengers - plus 1 euro for each, luggage - 1 euro. The minimum fee for the route, regardless of distance, is 5 euros. At night and in holidays- expensive. From the airport to the city center you will have to pay about 20 euros, from one railway station to another - 10 euros.
You can get from the airport to the city center and back cheaply and cheerfully using special VolaInBus shuttles. The cost of a one-way trip is 5 euros (round trip about 8 euros). Buses run daily from five in the morning until twelve at night. Their main parking places are: BusItalia bus station, air terminal, Gallery station.
Sights of Florence
Five breathtaking basilicas, more than six majestic churches, the beautiful Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, many museums, galleries and exhibition centers, six palaces from different eras that have survived to this day, seven squares (Piazzas) that are definitely worth visiting when in Florence!
The city is conventionally divided into two parts. This conditional division is based on the flowing Arno River and the location of the areas on both sides of it. The historical center is located on the northern side of the Arno. By the way, historical Center included in the list world heritage UNESCO.
The historical center of Florence - the holy of all saints
It is better to start your journey around the city, namely its historical part, from Duomo Square. Literally a step away from it is the bell tower, created by the great Giotto, belonging to the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. The entire historical center is one big architectural masterpiece! It’s definitely worth taking a day, or even two, to calmly and without haste wander through its cozy romantic streets and admire all the beauties.
Most of the architectural creations belong to such famous personalities as Brunelleschi, Donatello, Milecangelo and other great architects.
San Lorenzo - unique area cities
Another interesting area from a tourist point of view is San Lorenzo, where there is a lively trade in absolutely everything, from souvenirs to jewelry. What interesting things will a tourist see in San Lorenzo? Firstly, the temple, built in the fourth century, where representatives of the Medici clan are buried. Secondly, this is the huge monastery of San Marco, amazing in its architecture, and thirdly, the most famous market in the area.
Santa Croce
The area is located east of the central part of the city. The main attractions include the Church of Santa Croce, which local residents, rightfully considered the city's main architectural pearl. Three palaces (Spinelli, Cocchi-Serristori, Antella) will amaze with their beauty and scale. Also in this area is the house where the architect and great painter Giorgio Vasari once lived. The area is optimal in terms of tourist accommodation - prices for hotel rooms are not too high, and the historical center is practically a stone's throw away.
Oltrarno area
The Ponte Vecchio bridge leads to another remarkable area - Oltrarno, where there are many galleries, exhibition halls, museums, cozy restaurants, whose chefs will delight tourists with wonderful Florentine specialties. What is definitely worth a visit in Oltrarno is the temple of Santa Maria del Carmine, where the walls are decorated with incredibly beautiful frescoes. By the way, there are several temples in the area and each of them will impress in its own way.
The largest concentration of monasteries, churches with beautiful architecture and the most important artistic value - in the Coverciano area.
Mini-trip around Florence
If you take bus number 7, you can get to an attractive, cozy and very beautiful city Fiesole, which is literally within walking distance from Florence. From any point there is a wonderful view of both the valley where Florence is located and the city itself.
Buses run from Florence throughout the Tuscan region. You can arrange a good trip to cities such as Pisa, Siena, and visit the coastal area Tyrrhenian Sea. The bus station is located next to the central train station, from where regional buses depart. Let’s say you can get to Siena in just an hour and pay about 8 euros for a ticket. It is easier and more interesting to travel to Pisa by train. Cost - 8 euros, travel time - about one and a half hours.
Pedicabs - a little bit of Asia in the heart of Italy.
Many tourists are surprised by the presence of pedicabs on the roads of Florence. This is the direction of transportation in last years is actively developing. The cost of a trip for two adults (or one adult and two children) is 15 euros; a walk for an hour will cost 45 euros. By the way, you can ride for free - a lot of volunteers happily agree to work without pay.
A piece of England in Florence - double-decker red buses with a Russian-language audio guide invite you to travel!
Florence also has its own red double-decker “English” buses that ply along the main tourist routes. It is possible to use an audio guide in Russian. There is a discount system for married couples with children. There are three bus lines in the city - A, B.C. A “package” of tickets for one adult will cost 20 euros. The cost of two-day trips is 25 euros, three-day trips are 30 euros. A ticket for a child will cost twice as much. By the way, when buying a ticket to sightseeing bus, you can also use it on regular buses and trams.
Riverboat rides: a romantic and exciting journey through Florence.
They ply along the most important river of Florence - the Arno. water buses(or pleasure boats) with a capacity of up to forty people. You can explore the city from an unusual angle, but the fact that it is beautiful, fascinating and interesting is an indisputable fact. A wonderful panorama, beautiful landscapes open from the water and leave indelible impressions. The only time of year when ships do not sail along the Arno and do not carry tourists is winter. The rest of the time the river flow is calm and walks on the water are carried out regularly.
Here's what you can really do to explore Florence - rent a bike!
There are a lot of bike paths in the city, given its small size. In total there are about eighty kilometers of trails for lovers active rest and two-wheelers are provided by local authorities. Bicycle rentals are available at the central train station and in the Via Ghiberti area. Rental is available from March to October all days of the week except Sunday.
Internet, telephony, Wi-Fi
An interesting fact is that Florentines, and Italians in general, practically do not use the Internet in in public places. Local residents have no particular need for Wi-Fi, so the service is designed exclusively for visiting tourists from Russia, China and America. If you want to use wireless access to a global hotel chain, you will have to pay from five to seven euros daily. However, some hotels offer free Internet access. This information must be clarified at the stage of booking rooms. There are practically no Wi-Fi points in restaurants and cafes either.
Firenzecard
In Florence, a bonus card, the Firenzecard, is popular among tourists who dream of exploring it inside and out upon arrival in the city while simultaneously visiting museums, galleries and exhibition halls. Its cost is 72 euros, it is designed for 3 days and involves free visit seventy-two museums! What are the benefits of purchasing this card? First of all, the possibility of free access (without standing in kilometer-long queues) to any museum. Secondly, the Firenzecard will undoubtedly pay off if you plan to visit most of the city’s museums (the average cost of a museum ticket for a visitor is 6 euros). You can buy a card at any museum ticket office or on the seller’s website.
Florentine cafes and restaurants
In the city great amount cafes, restaurants, trattorias where you can have a great lunch, dinner or just have a light snack. The restaurants operate a table reservation system. This should be done especially in the most popular restaurants in the city; coming and having dinner without a “reservation” is not always possible. The average check per person in a restaurant is 40 euros.
The prices for meals are more affordable in trattorias. And the most affordable price tag will, of course, be in pizzerias. But if you want to eat practically for free, and even eat to your heart’s content, then it’s only in tavola kalda - something like our canteens, only tastier, more satisfying. The only “but” is that the “canteens” start working from lunch until five to seven in the evening. In general, a tourist can have a snack for five to seven euros, and lunch for 15-18 euros per person.
The “golden rule” of gastronomy is that the historical center does not have the best restaurants and cafes in terms of food quality and cost. Around the Duomo there is generally a tri-road, so it’s worth not being lazy and taking a walk for a snack from the center to less busy areas, for example, Oltrarno or Santa Croce - this is where a gastronomic paradise really awaits tourists at an affordable price.
There is a lot about Florence interesting facts, which you definitely need to know about when going to this wonderful Italian city.
It’s hard to believe, but it’s true: Michelangelo, Petrarch, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli and many other outstanding personalities were born and lived in Florence!
The heraldic symbol of the city is the iris, which grows in its surroundings.
For six years, Florence was the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (1865-1871).
The language that all Italians speak today appeared thanks to Dante. It was he who wrote his "Divine Comedy" in the Florentine dialect.
In the city church of Santa Croce there is a tombstone that became the prototype for the creation of the New York Statue of Liberty. In general, Santa Croce is famous not only for its tombstone. It was after the writer Stendhal visited this spiritual monastery that the world-famous Stendhal Syndrome appeared. Stendhal Syndrome is characterized by: rapid heartbeat, a feeling of floating in the air, dizziness, and a high probability of loss of orientation. It usually occurs at the moment of acquaintance with works of art, when a person tends to be transported into the reality depicted in a picture or on the walls.
And the church is very beautiful and famous frescoes Giotto, about three hundred tombs with the burials of great Italian personalities, and the flooring itself is laid with tombstones. At one time, Stendhal described his condition after visiting the Church of Santa Croce: he felt dizzy, stopped breathing, was on the verge of losing consciousness from all the beauty and grandeur that he had to see within the walls of the spiritual temple.
The statue of David, installed in Piazza della Signoria, is an exact copy - the original, due to the high probability of its destruction, was transported to the Academy of Arts.
The Pitti Palace houses a whole collection of paintings made in the impressionist style. It was in Florence in the 19th century that the Mariaoli painting school was opened, where students painted their canvases in this style, which is famous today.
Many visitors to the city are surprised by the six-pointed Star of David, which is an ornament on most buildings in Florence. In fact, attitudes towards Jews this star it doesn’t - in the last century it was used exclusively as an ornament without any semantic background.
The flood that overtook the city in 1966 left an indelible mark on its history - many architectural monuments were damaged, collections of ancient books were lost. Today, the fact that water in some areas of the city reached four meters is reminded by signs installed on buildings indicating the water level.
In the suburbs of Florence there is the tomb of Galileo Galilei, so well known to us. It is noteworthy that the tombstone depicts the satellites of Pluto, but not the main discovery of the genius - solar system. This instruction was given by the Pope. Isaac Newton was born on the day Galileo died.
By the way, after the flood, essentially the main gate of the Baptistery - the “Gates of Heaven” - was damaged. They had to be replaced with an exact copy, which today can be seen at the entrance. By the way, the same copy of the gate was installed in St. Petersburg in the Kazan Cathedral.
It is in Florence that you can see the largest synagogue in Italy, the beauty of which will literally take your breath away! Inside the synagogue there is a museum and a restaurant serving kosher food. The synagogue is rarely closed - on Shabbat, for example, it does not function even for the Jewish population.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote his famous “The Idiot” in Florence, where he lived for two whole years.
Few people know what the city has Orthodox Church, built in the seventeenth century in the traditional architectural style.
If you want to have fun, you can go to the Church of Santo Spirito, located on the left bank of the Arno River, closer to night. It is not far from the church that city youth constantly gather, performances by artists of various styles are held, dances are held in the Italian style, and cozy cafes and restaurants beckon with their aromatic dishes.
The best panoramic views of Florence will be revealed to tourists if they walk along Viale Den Colli.
In Florence, many hotels open summer terraces, where you can not only admire the beauty of the city, but also have a pleasant aperitif. And the snacks in Florence restaurants are divine! And it is absolutely not necessary to be a guest of a hotel with a summer terrace. For example, every Thursday at half past eight in the evening Grand Hotel From June to August, Minerva invites everyone to the summer terrace, open on the roof! The tourist will have a stunning view of the city, each element of which can be examined in detail through telescopes (installed on the roof). Also as a “bonus” - live music and songs performed by Florentine musicians,
If you want to see Brunelleschi's dome with your own eyes, which will literally open in full view, you should definitely climb the panoramic platform, located on the roof of Rinascente - one of the most famous department stores in the city.
There is an ancient bridge in Florence that survived completely even after the destruction of the Second World War. The date of its construction is 1345. The bridge is called Ponte Vecchio.
Road signs installed in the city will definitely cheer up everyone! The images are so original that they involuntarily bring a smile to your face.
What you should definitely try when in Florence are flour products and dishes made from meat by-products. This is actually the basis Italian cuisine- the food of Tuscan peasants, so they prepare it with trepidation and some kind of special love.
Most beautiful park The Medicea di Pratolino can be seen in this wonderful city. The central element of the park-estate is the Apennine collos - a majestic statue, striking in its beauty and size! The inside of the statue is hollow; a staircase is provided to reach its different levels. You can look at the city, for example, from the eye. Interesting, isn't it? By the way, it is in this park that exhibitions and theatrical performances are often held.
The name of the city translates as “blooming”. And this is the true truth! No other city has such a large number of living plants, flower beds, and breathtaking floral compositions. Natural beauty richly flavored with architectural beauty, grooming, grandeur and served to guests, which is why the emotions and impressions of a Florentine holiday remain in the memory for many years, and you want to visit good old Florence again to plunge into its incredible beauty.
Video of Florence
Florence - star of the Renaissance
Florence is in picturesque place in the center of a large amphitheater, surrounded on three sides by picturesque hills. Thanks to its artistic and cultural heritage, Florence remains an influential center for many forms of art.
Directory of Florence
Florence telephone code - +39 055
Postcode Florence - 50100
Population of Florence - 373,200 people
The first mention of Florence is 80 BC.
GPS coordinates Florence - 43°47`N 11°15`E
Official website of Florence - www.comune.firenze.it
Coat of arms and flag of the city of Florence
Sights of Florence
The architecture of Florence in many ways takes us back to the era of the Roman Empire. However, most of the city was built during the Renaissance. There are also traces of medieval architecture, baroque, and neoclassicism.
Palazzo Vecchio and the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore are two buildings that dominate the skyline of Florence. Santa Maria del Fiore is the fourth largest church in Europe.
The dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, known as the Duomo, was built by Filippo Brunelleschi and, 600 years after its construction, is still the largest brick and mortar dome in the world.
The Cathedral Square also houses the Baptistery, the oldest surviving building in Florence.
Another famous church in Florence is the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, which contains works by Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Filippino Lippi and Domenico Ghirlandaio.
The main Franciscan church in Florence is the Basilica of the Holy Cross in Piazza di Santa Croce.
The Basilica of San Lorenzo is one of the largest churches in the city and the burial place of all the main members of the Medici family.
In Florence there is an Orthodox Russian Church of the Nativity and a Great Synagogue built in the 19th century.
A famous tourist attraction in Florence is Piazza della Signoria. There are statues of such famous masters as Michelangelo, Donatello, Giambologna, Ammannati and Cellini, although some of the works have been replaced with copies to preserve the originals.
On the corner of Piazza della Signoria is the Uffizi Gallery, one of the best art museums in the world. The museum is based on cultural heritage collections of the Medici family.
Another art museum in Florence is the town hall of Palazzo Vecchio. It is a large battlemented palace-fortress in Romanesque style overlooking Piazza della Signoria.
The name of Palazzo Vecchio has changed to suit the palace's various uses over the course of its long history. And the building acquired its current name when the Medici residence was moved across the Arno to Palazzo Pitti, next to which are the Boboli Gardens, skillfully landscaped with numerous sculptures.
Palazzo Medici Riccardi, designed by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo for Cosimo il Vecchio of the Medici family, is another landmark of Florence. Palazzo Strozzi is used for international exhibitions, fashion shows and other cultural and artistic events.
In addition, Florence contains various theaters and cinemas. The Odeon Cinema in Palazzo Strozzi is one of the oldest cinemas in the city.
The Arno River, which cuts through the old part of the city, adds its unique details to the panorama of Florence.
Ponte Vecchio (Old Bridge) is supported on stilts and crosses the river at its narrowest point. This bridge is the symbol of the city of Florence.
History of the city of Florence
Florence was founded by Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 80 BC. as a settlement for veteran soldiers. For many centuries, constant wars between Byzantium and the Ostrogothic tribes did not allow Florence to develop. Peaceful life began under the rule of the pawnshops in the sixth century. In 774, Florence was conquered by Charlemagne and became part of the Duchy of Tuscany. This caused population growth and the development of trade. In 854 Florence and Fiesole were united into one district.
In the thirteenth century, Florence was divided between the Ghibellines, supporters of the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Guelphs, supporters of the Pope. After ups and downs, the Guelphs emerged victorious. The internal political conflict did not prevent Florence from becoming one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe. In 1252, Florence began issuing its own coins - gold florins.
In 1348, a plague epidemic broke out in Florence. Many residents died.
In 1378, after the suppression of a rebellion against oligarchic rule in the city, power in Florence passed to the Albizi family.
In 1448, the Black Death returned to Florence. Saint Antoninus, Bishop of Florence, tried to resist her. He not only supported the residents with prayers, but also produced medicines that supported the immune system.
In the 15th century, Florence was one of the largest cities Europe, rich and economically successful. Life was not idyllic for all residents, among whom there were large differences in wealth.
Cosimo de' Medici was the first ruler of Florence from the Medici family. Beginning in 1437 and over the course of several centuries, the Medici built their capital and gathered in Florence the best artists, writers, humanists and philosophers of the time: Michelangelo, Pico della Mirandola, Verrocchio, Michelozzo, Angelo Poliziano, Antonio Pollaiolo, Sandro Botticelli, Galileo Galilei, Filippo Brunelleschi. Leonardo da Vinci began his creative career in Andrea del Verrocchio's workshop. Florence is known as the cradle of the Renaissance.
The business conduct of the Medici and the Florentine banks made Florence rich and led to the local currency, the forint, becoming the most used and most stable in Europe. In the fifteenth century, Florence had more income than all of Great Britain. And Florentine banks opened representative offices and subsidiaries in most European countries.
The first period of Medici rule ended with the return of a republican government under the influence of the radical teachings of Girolamo Savonarola. Later the Florentines turned against him. Savonarola was condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake in Piazza della Signoria on May 23, 1498.
To others famous person At that time, Niccolo Machiavelli was a political thinker. At the request of the Medici, Machiavelli wrote a history of the city of Florence.
The Florentines expelled the Medici a second time and restored the Republic on May 16, 1527. Revived again, in 1537 the Medici took the hereditary title of Dukes of Florence, and in 1569 they became Grand Dukes of Tuscany and ruled for two centuries.
In the 17th century, Florence reached its maximum prosperity, including in science.
The weather station of Florence, the Convent of the Angels, began operation, meteorological observations and recordings of thermometric data were carried out. During the same period of time, the Accademia del Cimento opened in Florence, giving new impetus to the development of science.
Successfully combines the spirit of the Renaissance and a lively modern atmosphere. In fact every corner of it amazing city is a historically significant place, and the squares of Florence are rightly called open-air museums. BlogoItaliano tried to compile a list of the most significant squares in Florence, as well as tell us why they are significant.
Piazza della Signoria
In the center of Piazza della Signoria there is the Neptune fountain, which is a sculptural group, above which rises a statue of Neptune himself, driving a quadriga of horses.
Festivals and tournaments have been held in Piazza della Signoria since ancient times.
Piazza della Signoria- This is the place where holidays and tournaments were held, as well as conspirators were executed and heretics were burned. Not far from the square, on the banks of the Arno River, is the largest art museum in Florence and at the same time the most visited museum in Italy.
Florence Cathedral Square (Duomo)
The rather small Duomo square, or Cathedral Square, is famous for its temple complex, which includes the church, which is the fourth largest in the world, the Baptistery of San Giovanni and Giotto's bell tower, rising 84 meters above the square.
The most ancient building square - the Baptistery, a former temple of Mars, from which only fragments of the floor remain. The church is dedicated to John the Baptist, the main patron saint of Florence. At one time the Baptistery was the main cathedral city, christenings were held here, and worthy citizens were buried here.
Cathedral Square is famous for its temple complex
In ancient times Cathedral Square of Florence looked somewhat different: here stood the Church of Santa Reparata - the first cathedral church, of which only remnants have survived.
Along with the Piazza della Signoria, the Cathedral Square is one of the most significant attractions of the city, accessible to tourists completely free of charge. And BlogoItaliano has compiled a more detailed list of such places (and not only squares:)).
Republic Square
Republic Square is one of the central squares of Florence, which is the crossroads of the ancient Florentine streets Carda and Decamanus. In ancient times it was allocated to the Roman forum, and in the Middle Ages it became part of the Old Market.
Republic Square acquired its modern appearance in 1887.
Its modern look Republic Square acquired after a grandiose reconstruction in 1887, which left nothing of its former appearance. The only surviving landmark is the Column of Plenty, erected in the 15th century by the famous sculptor Donatello.
Today Republic Square is a huge space surrounded by noisy cafes and luxury hotels, favorite place for performances by musicians, magicians and circus performers.
Piazza Santa Croce
Piazza Santa Croce, surrounded by ancient medieval buildings, is located near the Arno River, east of the city's main square, Piazza Signoria. Its name was given by the Church of Santa Croce, decorated with the famous frescoes of Giotto. The church is famous for the burial places of Michelangelo, Machiavelli, and Galileo.
In the 13th century, Piazza Santa Croce was the center of public life
In the 13th century Piazza Santa Croce was the center of public life in Florence, but now festivals, concerts, and rallies are regularly held here. In addition, the square hosts famous football matches, the participants of which dress in ancient medieval costumes.
Piazza Santissima Annunziata
Santissima Annunziata is the most beautiful square in Florence, designed by the architect Brunelleschi for the silk merchants' guild.
The architectural ensemble of the square consists of three majestic buildings - the Church of Santissima Annunziata, which gave the square its name, the Orphanage for Abandoned Children and the portico of the Servite Order.
Piazza Santissima Annunziata, Florence
The foundling home became the first shelter in Europe, where many abandoned babies - the fruits of the sin of noble masters and their maids - found refuge. On the second floor of the shelter there is an art gallery and a collection of frescoes.
In the center Piazza Santissima Annunziata there is a statue of Ferdinand I de' Medici by Giambologna, as well as fountains by Pietro Tacca depicting sea monsters.
Plaza Santo Spirito
Piazza Santo Spirito (Holy Spirit) – very lively Piazza Florence. Its name was given by the church of the same name - one of the main buildings by the architect Brunelleschi. Previously, on the site of the church there was an Augustinian monastery, which burned down during a fire in the 15th century.
In summer time Santo Spirito Square becomes a venue for concerts and dances, and during football championships, fans gather in the square to watch the match on a huge screen, which is installed on the wall of the monastery of Santo Spirito.
Piazzale Michelangelo
Piazzale Michelangelo is one of the most popular tourist places Florence. The square is located very well - on the top of a hill, from which stunning views of the historical center of the city open: magnificent bridges and squares, cathedrals and the Arno River.
Piazzale Michelangelo is located on top of a hill
A square named after the great Michelangelo was built according to the design of the architect Giuseppe Poggi, here are copies of the most famous works sculptor, made of bronze.
Piazzale Michelangelo It is always filled with tents of souvenir sellers, as well as cars and tourist buses.
Florence is a picturesque Italian city located in Tuscany, on the banks of the Arno River. This city has long received the status of a museum city, one of the most famous, beautiful and ancient European cultural centers. Florence is also known by nicknames such as “the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance” and “the Athens of Italy.” John the Baptist has long been the patron saint of Florence. The city celebrates its holiday on the twenty-fourth of June.
The city was founded by ancient Roman veterans in the middle of the first millennium BC. Initially, the settlement was called “Florentia”, which means “blooming”. The settlement quickly grows into real city and already in the fourth century it became the residence of a bishop. IN different times the city was under the rule of the Byzantines, Lombards, Ostrogoths and Franks. During those difficult times for Florence, the city's population decreased noticeably.
The city begins to revive in the tenth century and already in the fifteenth year of the eleventh century receives the status of an independent commune. At this time, the construction of the Church of San Miniato and the Baptistery was underway in Florence. In the thirteenth century, Santa Maria del Fiore and. In the same century, the commune became involved in the struggle between the Ghibellines and the Guelphs, but this conflict had virtually no effect on the prosperity of the city. In the mid-thirteenth century, city authorities began issuing their own gold coin, the florin. It becomes one of the most stable European coins of the time. The basis of the city's economy at that time was wool production. In the forties of the fourteenth century, the population of Florence exceeded eighty thousand people, but the plague epidemic that swept across Europe sharply reduced the number of inhabitants.
Florence is rightfully considered the birthplace of the Renaissance. It was in these lands in the fourteenth century that this period in the development of not only European, but also world art was finally formed.
In the thirties of the fifteenth century, the Medici dynasty seized power over the region, but they ruled Florence only until the end of the century. They are replaced by the Florentine Republic. It was at this time that great celebrities such as Michelangelo, Savonarola, Machiavelli and, of course, Leonardo lived and worked in the city and its surroundings. In the sixteenth century, Cosimo I de' Medici returned power over Florence to his dynasty, once again reviving the once great duchy called Tuscany.
During the national liberation struggle in the second half of the nineteenth century, Florence became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy for six years, until the Papal States along with Rome were annexed to a unified Italy. During these years, the appearance of the city changed significantly - a huge part of the old city, in which there was a market, high residential towers and a Jewish ghetto, was destroyed. At this site, the then authorities planned to build an entire block in the Piedmontese-Turin style, but local residents did not support this idea. This project will be partially implemented after the capital of the Italian state moves from Florence to Rome. In the modern square, only a few Jewish names remind of its sad past. Currently, next to the former royal residence, Palazzo Pitti, there are several institutes and museums, as well as the Boboli Gardens, famous throughout the country.
On the territory of Florence, many unique monuments from different eras have been preserved. Among them are a number of beautiful churches and cathedrals, for example, Santa Maria delle Vine, erected on the site of the Dominican chapel, and the largest church in Florence. The city is also known for a number of majestic palaces, including some that have become the home of the royal family.
The most famous palace in Florence is considered to be built in the mid-fifteenth century by the famous Florentine architect Brunelleschi. In the sixteenth century, by order of the Medici, this luxurious palace was significantly expanded by the famous architect Bartolomeo Ammannati.
Another famous palace has long been the Bargello Palace, which was erected in the thirteenth century. For a very long time it was the seat of the court and military authorities of Florence. This one looks like majestic palace more reminiscent of a huge well-fortified fortress, with high tower And big amount loopholes Initially, the palace housed the executive branch, later the judicial branch, and after some time the Council of Justice. From the mid-sixteenth century, the palace came into the possession of Captain Bargello, an officer of the Florentine police guard. Since then, this majestic building bears his name.
In Florence, everyone will find something to their liking, because it has one of the largest concentrations of attractions in Europe. And if you are not interested in historical artifacts, you can simply walk for hours along the crowded and hospitable streets of the city and relax in the numerous hotels.
We advise you to watch a short colorful video with the main beauties and attractions of Florence.
Florence (Firenze) - this Italian city is located in the beautiful mountainous region of Tuscany, on the banks of the Arno River. It has always been customary to associate it with the names of great sculptors, artists, poets and musicians.
The city's area is about 102 km² and its population is only about 366,074 people. Florence is the capital of the Tuscany region, which is famous throughout the world for the beauty of its nature, as well as its cuisine and wines. The territory of Tuscany has hilly and mountainous terrain. Basic mountain range are the Apennines, surrounding the region in the north and east. Everyone should visit this magnificent city-museum at least once in their life, which is deservedly considered one of the most ancient cultural centers in Europe.
Climate of Florence
Florence has a continental climate. IN winter time The air temperature here drops to -1C. In November and March there is frequent rain. This is a time when there are few tourists in the city, there are no queues at museums, and hotel rooms are cheaper.
The tourist season in Florence begins in the spring - in April-May. During this period the air warms up to +20C and above, due to frequent precipitation there is an increase in humidity. Summer in Florence is not considered the peak season - this is due to the intense heat that occurs here in July-August. Hotel prices drop again at this time, so tourists flock here who are not afraid of the heat. In autumn, the air temperature becomes comfortable again, at this time it is pleasant to walk around the city, and parks and gardens bloom with bright colors.
History of Florence
The city of Florence was founded in 59 BC. e. Julius Caesar. Initially, it was built as a military camp and had an appropriate layout. They called it Casta Florence - “Prosperous Military Camp”, and then it began to be called simply Florence (“Blossoming”).
In 1252, Florence already began minting its own gold coins - florins. From 1125, Florence conquered several neighboring regions and became the capital of the Duchy of Tuscany.
In 1434, the Medici dynasty came to power, the most famous representatives of which were Cosimo the Elder, Lorenzo the Magnificent and Catherine de' Medici. This dynasty made Florence cultural center Europe and greatly contributed to the formation and development of the Renaissance.
In 1860 the city became part of the United Italy. Florence was even the capital of the country from 1865 to 1871.
IN XIX century part of the historical center was demolished due to the appearance of Piedmontese-Turinese architecture in the city. In the last century, during the war, the city was subjected to fascist bombing. All this changed the appearance of the city.
Florence is often called the “Athens of Italy” due to the huge number of architectural and artistic monuments that have survived to this day. The greatest masters such as Machiavelli, Dante, Rossini, Michelangelo, Galileo, Botticelli lived and worked here.
Sights of Florence
Florence is small town and its historical center with many attractions can be explored on foot.
Uffizi Gallery
This gallery is one of the most famous attractions in Florence and is very popular among tourists. The building was built for the needs of the government. Today, the gallery is a magnificent museum where you can see many unique works of art. Masterpieces by Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Caravaggio, Perugdio, Rubens, etc. are kept here.
Palazzo Vecchio
This palace is located next to the Uffizi Gallery. Its construction began in 1294. Initially, this building was used as a military fortification that protected the residence of the rulers. Then such masters as Simone del Pollaiolo, Vasari and Buontalenti worked on its appearance. After this, the Palace building became the residence of the ruling Medici family.
Piazza della Signoria
Palazzo Vecchio's façade overlooks Piazza della Signoria. This square, the second largest, has always been the center political life cities.
The space in front of the Palazzo Vecchio is occupied by beautiful sculptures. On one side in front of its entrance stands famous statue"David" by Michelangelo. However, it is a copy, not an original; such a replacement took place in 1873. To the right of the entrance is the sculpture “Hercules defeating Cacus” by Baccio Bandinelli. The Neptune Fountain was created by Bartolomeo Ammanati.
Next to the Palazzo Vecchio you can also see the Loggia Lanzi, filled with numerous sculptures. It was originally intended for meetings. The sculptures in it depict mythological heroes, almost all of them are copies, the only exception being “Perseus” by Cellini.
Ponte Vecchio
Florence stands on the Arno River, across which ten bridges are thrown. The most famous of them is the Ponte Vecchio, or Old Bridge. Construction began on it in 1345. The bridge turned out to be very durable and still stands. On both sides there are residential buildings that have been preserved since the 14th century. There is an observation deck in the middle of the bridge.
Palazzo Pitti Palace
Palazzo Pitti is another beautiful palace. It was built in the 15th century by the architect Brunelleschi. Since then it has been rebuilt several times. Currently, it is adjacent to the picturesque Boboli Gardens. There are several famous museums located on the palace grounds.
Cathedral square Piazza del Duomo
The Cathedral Square is the center of Florence, attracting crowds of tourists. This square contains several unique structures.
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiori
The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiori, located in the square, is the city's most famous structure. It amazes with its scale and its beauty. Its magnificent dome, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, is clearly visible from afar. Construction of the cathedral began in 1294 and lasted 81 years. Its facade has a very beautiful finish.
Giotto's Bell Tower
This bell tower is located next to the cathedral and is 84 meters high. The facades of the bell tower are decorated on all sides with unique six- and tetrahedral medallions.
Baptistery of St. John
The Baptistery is also located next to the cathedral. It is the oldest building in Florence; it has been mentioned in chronicles since the 9th century. It was built in honor of John the Baptist, who is the patron saint of the city.
Church of Santa Croce
This church is located in the city center and also deserves the attention of tourists. The church is made in the Gothic style. Inside you can see the tombs of more than 300 great inhabitants of Florence: Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Lorenzo Bartolini, Dante, Galileo Galilei and others.
Holidays in Florence
In this city, tourists can find accommodation for every taste - there are both luxury hotels and inexpensive guesthouses. In private houses you can rent a room. Guesthouses can often be located in historical buildings. You can rent an apartment with or without breakfast. There are also many inexpensive hotels designed for tourist groups.
Modern Florence is one of the world's recognized fashion capitals. In Florence, you can combine exploring the city with excellent shopping; there is a huge number of different branded stores and boutiques. The most convenient way to get around the city is on foot, but you can also take a taxi or bus.
Florence has a wide variety of restaurants, cafés and eateries. Here you can try Tuscan cuisine and the famous Chianti wine.