Essay about traveling on a train. “Russian railways - past, present and future. Pros and cons of the profession
1. Introduction
2. Description
Conclusion
Used Books
1. Introduction
The main job of a passenger carriage conductor is serving passengers. The conductor is a representative of railway transport who is in direct contact with passengers and ensures their right to travel on the train with the required level of amenities and services, and is also responsible for their safety. In addition, the conductor works with the technical devices of the car: heating, ventilation, water supply, electricity supply. The conductor is also responsible for the sanitary maintenance of the carriage.
The guide must have a fairly high level of cultural and political development, and be an active supporter of the restructuring taking place in our country. Attentiveness, courtesy, politeness, readiness to listen to the passenger at any time, to help resolve misunderstandings and questions that arise - all these are the most important professional qualities of a passenger carriage conductor. If it is impossible to satisfy the demands of passengers or resolve any misunderstandings, the train manager should be invited.
The conductor has very specific official responsibilities in the passenger carriage that he serves, including pre-trip preparation and equipment, when boarding passengers into the carriage, during the journey and after its completion. The work of a conductor is regulated by the Rules for the Technical Operation of Railways of the Russian Federation, job descriptions, Rules for the Transportation of Passengers, orders and instructions of JSC Russian Railways. The conductor must know these documents and strictly comply with their requirements. In all situations where there is a threat to traffic safety or the lives of passengers, the conductor must be ready to act decisively and competently.
2. Description
2.1. Responsibilities of the conductor in preparing and equipping the carriage before the trip
Each passenger car undergoes technical and sanitary training before the trip. When accepting the carriage, the conductor must make sure that its sanitary and technical condition complies with the requirements, rules and instructions. Technical inspection and repair of cars, both in terms of chassis and internal equipment of the car, is carried out by special teams of the maintenance point. Cleaning, cleaning and washing inside the carriage is carried out at the train formation point by special teams in full, by teams with the participation of carriage conductors and by the conductors themselves.
At the points of formation and turnover, external washing of the surface of the body, window glass and chassis. Washing is done with hot or cold water and special cleaning solutions. In this case, contaminants on the outer surface of the car must be removed, but without damaging the paint. As a rule, external washing is done before each flight.
Inside the cars, window frames, walls, shelves, sofas, lockers, floors are washed and wiped, vestibules, heating pipes and toilets are washed with hot water and detergents, and toilets and garbage bins are disinfected. At least once a month, carriages should be disinfested using insecticides in order to prevent the appearance of insects (bugs, cockroaches, etc.) in the carriages. Cleaning interior spaces carriages are carried out after disinfection and repair work. After disinsection treatment, repairs and cleaning can begin no earlier than 2 hours later, and after disinfection treatment - after 30 minutes.
The team carrying out the sanitary preparation of the passenger car must be provided with special clothing, detergents, rags, mops for washing floors and hot water. Equipment for the interior washing of the car must be marked with the following inscriptions: “for the toilet”, “for the floor”, “for the shelves”. A bucket “for shelves” is also used for washing walls. At the end of the work, equipment used for cleaning inside the car is disinfected with a 3% solution of chloramine or a 5% solution of Lysol for 1 hour, after which it is rinsed with water.
After completion of preparation at the point of formation or turnover, all passenger trains are subject to a sanitary inspection, which is carried out by employees of the sanitary control point together with employees of the passenger service and with the participation of conductors. All sanitary inspection orders are mandatory, and the departure of the passenger train may be delayed until all deficiencies identified during the sanitary inspection are eliminated, and the passenger car may be uncoupled from the train at the request of a sanitary service representative.
Passenger carriages are equipped with the necessary internal equipment and tea products by the service bases for passenger trains. The base performs laundry, dry cleaning, repair and disinfection of bedding. Preparation and delivery of equipment to equipped trains is carried out according to the train supply schedule drawn up in accordance with their departure schedule.
In accordance with the norm established for each carriage, the newly formed train is provided with mattresses, pillows, blankets, curtains, napkins and other equipment according to the number of sleeping places. The amount of bed linen provided on a voyage is determined by the duration of the voyage, the number of sleeping places in the carriage and the expected occupancy of the carriages. Bed linen and other sleeping equipment are brought to each carriage and handed over to the conductors.
Passenger bedding consists of a mattress, pillow, blanket, mattress covers, pillow and bedding set. The bed linen set includes two sheets, a closed pillowcase, a towel; in SV carriages there is a duvet cover instead of one sheet. The bed linen set is placed in a sealed or stitched fabric envelope or a stitched or thermally sealed plastic bag. Bed linen is packaged in special bags of 15 sets, which are sealed and numbered. Sheets, pillowcases and towels must have a company stamp with the year of commissioning. Some of the sheets and pillowcases are made of cotton fabric with the marks of Russian Railways OJSC applied in the form of a continuous ornament.
The quantity and quality of internal equipment issued to passenger cars of different categories: international, branded, express, local, ST, compartment, reserved seat - is established by the list approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways, as well as the Regulations on the branded train. The interior equipment may include curtains and curtains, carpet runners, corridor and compartment rugs, tires for corridor paths, napkins for window tables, sofa covers, cup holders, glasses, teaspoons, plates, knives and forks, teapots for making tea and boiling water, dish towels, board games, clothing and shoe brushes, toilet paper and soap, as well as equipment for the sanitary maintenance of the carriage, a vacuum cleaner, fire extinguishers, boarding numbers, route boards and other equipment.
The conductor is financially responsible for the safety of the internal equipment; he personally accepts it and hands it over. If equipment is damaged or lost by a passenger, the conductor takes measures to reimburse the railroad for its cost. The cost of damaged or 1 lost item is withheld from the passenger according to the price list approved by order of Russian Railways JSC.
The equipment team (or train) receives products for the tea trade, tea and other utensils at the passenger service base and distributes them to the cars. She also delivers charcoal or peat briquettes for boilers.
The carriages are supplied with soap, toilet paper, and dishwashing detergents (soda, Progress detergent). Each carriage is provided with equipment for cleaning the premises: a vacuum cleaner, brooms, a dustpan, detergents and disinfectants, rags and rags, labeled buckets (for floors, for shelves, for toilets). Each carriage must have a tank with a disinfectant solution and a brush. First aid kits for current use and emergency ones are equipped with medications. The passenger train must have two stretchers.
2.2. Supply of water and coal to passenger cars at points of formation, turnover and en route
At the initial and final points and during the journey, passenger cars are supplied with water, and during the winter heating season - with coal. On the way passenger train The supply of coal and water is carried out at stations with parking, sufficient time for this operation, every 8-12 hours of train movement. To supply the car with water, tankers connect its water filling pipes to the water dispensers available at the station with hoses. The conductor opens the shut-off valves in the filling pipes and monitors the filling of the car, preventing water from overflowing onto the rail track. The conductor must pay attention to how the carriage is fueled. It is strictly forbidden to drag the filling hoses with their heads on the ground. During the period between refills, the heads of water filling hoses must be placed in special devices to prevent their contamination. At all water supply points with a water distribution network, both permanent and temporary, the compliance of water quality with GOST requirements is periodically checked.
The car conductor is obliged to ensure that the heads of the water-filling pipes of the cars are also protected from contamination. To prevent freezing, the filling pipe heads are equipped with water or electric heaters. The most reliable means is to heat the filling pipes with hot water. The water heater consists of a welded cylindrical body at the end of the filling pipe. Hot water is supplied to the heater and removed from it through pipes. The heater body should always be hot to the touch. Isolation taps and valves on the inlet and outlet pipes of the heater are constantly open in winter. After refueling, the valves on the water-filling pipes are closed.
Heating of passenger cars begins at an outside air temperature of +10°C and below. At the beginning of the heating season, even at above-zero air temperatures, coal is supplied only at train formation and turnover points. In winter, all passenger trains with a turnover of more than 24 hours are supplied with coal at the points of formation, turnover and at intermediate stations indicated in the train schedule.
Standards for the supply of coal of certain grades are established by Russian Railways JSC for specific railways (Table 1). The amount of coal for one day (in kilograms) is calculated depending on the outside temperature and the type of coal available at the supply point.
Table 1.
Coal is transported to trains on electric cars, tractors with trailers and trucks, packaged in metal boxes with a capacity of 15 kg. The conductors empty the coal from the boxes into storage areas in the car, and return the boxes. At points of formation and turnover in winter, passenger cars must be supplied to their full capacity.
Trains running on combined heating can be heated with both electricity and coal and therefore are supplied at the formation points at the full rate, and at intermediate stations - only in an emergency, when for some reason the electric heating does not work and coal is issued at the request of the chief passenger train.
2.3. Boarding and placing passengers in the carriage
The main task of the carriage conductor is to provide the necessary amenities and services to passengers along the route. The most important points The conductor's work includes boarding passengers and placing them in the carriage, ensuring normal heating, ventilation and lighting in the carriage, providing bedding, tea, board games, and necessary information.
Passengers boarding at the train's initial departure point begins immediately after it is announced over the station's loudspeaker network, and along the route - after the train arrives and passengers disembark. Any delay in boarding has an unpleasant effect on passengers, so the conductor must prepare for it in advance. During boarding, the conductor meets passengers in front of the carriage entrance, and if the weather is bad, in the vestibule near the open carriage door. Boarding the car is done through the open vestibule doors on the working (boiler) side of the car from the boarding platform.
When boarding, the conductor must carefully check travel documents passengers: establish whether travel documents are correctly issued, whether the train number, direction, date of boarding and departure, as well as the category and number of the carriage and seat correspond to those indicated in the documents. If necessary, he may also ask the passenger to present documents entitling him to purchase a discount ticket.
If, upon boarding, the conductor discovers that the ticket office has sold two or more tickets for one seat, he allows the passenger to enter the carriage and asks him to wait for the issue of providing him with a seat to be resolved. The head of the train himself or with the help of station employees allocates a seat for the passenger here or transfers him to another carriage. An apology should be made to the passenger for the mistake made by the railway employees.
Passengers who are intoxicated are not allowed to board the train. If a drunk passenger is discovered by a conductor during a trip, he is removed from the carriage by the train manager or police officers. In this case, an act is drawn up, which is signed by two more witnesses in addition to the conductor or the head of the train. A passenger who is intoxicated is marked accordingly on the ticket or the ticket is cancelled, and thus he is deprived of the opportunity to use or return this ticket.
It is prohibited to board passengers with hand luggage, the total weight of which exceeds the established norm (36 kg per adult or child ticket) or if it clutters the aisles or compartments. Passengers are offered to pay for excess weight of hand luggage at the current rate through the station ticket office or directly to the train manager. Only after this is permission to land. Since there are no scales at train stations to determine the exact weight of hand luggage, it is determined approximately by external inspection.
It is prohibited to carry flammable, explosive or toxic substances in passenger carriages. If they are found in a passenger's hand luggage, he may be denied boarding the train or may be removed from the train. Travel may only be permitted after the passenger has removed dangerous goods from their carry-on baggage. If a passenger is denied travel due to the presence of flammable, explosive or toxic cargo in his belongings, his travel documents do not lose validity.
The conductor is obliged to warn passengers so that they do not forget their tickets from those seeing them off. 5 minutes before the train departs, the train manager warns passengers about this via the train loudspeaker network. 2 minutes before departure, the head of the train, through the loudspeaker network, and the conductors in the carriages, invite the mourners to leave the carriages.
Passengers for whom tickets were issued without specifying a seat have the right to enter the carriage. If there are free seats after the train departs, they are provided with them, and if there are no seats, they are transferred to other cars or asked to wait until seats become available.
Passengers are pleased to see a friendly and polite conductor upon boarding. He must provide assistance to elderly passengers, disabled people and passengers with children. If any misunderstandings arise when boarding the carriage or the passenger makes a request to the conductor, he invites him to wait until the end of boarding, and if the passenger has travel documents issued for this train or this carriage, then he asks him to enter the carriage. After boarding and departure of the train, the conductor himself or with the help of the train manager resolves any misunderstandings that have arisen or satisfies the passenger’s request. If it is not possible to meet him halfway, you need to politely explain the reason.
After the passenger train departs from the station, the conductor walks through the carriage, once again checks the travel documents and their correspondence to the seats occupied by passengers in reserved seat, compartment and soft carriages, takes travel documents from passengers and places them in accordance with the numbers of seats in the carriage in pockets for ticket storage. Tickets are redeemed by folding and tearing. Tickets cannot be redeemed transit passengers who will be transferring to another train, and those passengers who have stated that they will make a stop en route permitted by the Transportation Rules. For passengers wishing to receive bed linen, the conductor brings and issues sets of linen directly to their seats.
If the train has departed from the starting point and there are two conductors in the carriage, then in order to reduce time, they serve passengers together: one collects tickets, the second distributes bed linen. Then the conductor on duty fills out the occupancy and bed linen consumption form, form LU-72: he notes the passenger boarding and disembarking stations, the numbers of the seats they occupy, and makes a note about the issuance of linen.
By mutual agreement, two passengers can exchange seats by informing the carriage conductor about this. If a passenger asks the conductor to provide him with bottom place to replace the upper one or replace a seat in one compartment with a more convenient seat in another compartment, the conductor allows this only with the consent of the other passengers. In this case, the conductor should be extremely polite. On requests from passengers to transfer them to another carriage or to a carriage more high category the conductor informs the train manager, who makes the decision.
In all cases when the ticket office mistakenly sold tickets for the same seats to two or more passengers, the conductor allows one of them to take that seat. First of all, seats are given to the disabled, the sick, the elderly, war veterans, passengers with children or those who arrived early to board. The train director himself or with the help of station employees places the second passenger in an empty seat in this or another carriage in accordance with the Transportation Rules.
Passengers place their hand luggage in designated areas. The conductor is obliged to explain to passengers that the lockers under the lower bunks are used to store bedding and that only when the lockers are empty, passengers who have sleeping places on both the lower and upper bunks can place their belongings there. In passenger carriages there is a container below the floor level for storing used linen. It is prohibited to place any belongings of passengers there.
As mentioned above, the passenger must begin his trip from the point indicated on the ticket. If a seat turns out to be free when the train departs, the train director places a passenger on it or puts it on sale, so a passenger who boards the train already en route loses the right to the seat that is marked on his ticket at the initial point of departure. IN international trains There is a procedure according to which a seat not occupied by a passenger within 30 minutes after the train departs is considered free and can be provided to another passenger or put on sale.
If, when passengers with small animals or birds are boarding the train (although this is permitted by the Rules of Transportation), the neighbors in the compartment object to sharing travel with them, the conductor can resolve this conflict himself or with the help of the train manager. If a passenger is in a compartment international carriage objects to the transportation of animals, the owner of the animals is given a seat in another compartment. If he does not agree to pay the cost of travel and a reserved seat in a separate compartment, he is denied transportation.
Passengers of different sexes can travel together in sleeping cars of an international train only with mutual consent. Otherwise, the train manager is obliged to transfer them to another compartment.
Conductors must warn passengers in their carriage that they are approaching their destination station. Sleeping car conductors are responsible for ensuring that passengers travel to the destination and transfer stations indicated on the ticket. If a passenger passes the disembarkation station, a report is drawn up signed by the head of the train, the conductor and the passenger himself. The act is certified at the station and gives the passenger the right to return to the destination station that he passed through without paying for the fare.
If it is determined that a passenger has fallen behind the train, the conductor informs the train manager about this. Then, with the participation of two passengers as witnesses, an act is drawn up, in which they indicate the type and quantity of things belonging to the lagging passenger. The act is signed by the head of the train, the carriage conductors and both witness passengers. The conductor is obliged to ensure the safety of things and, at the direction of the head of the train, transfer them to the station along the route or at the destination. If the conductor finds forgotten or lost items in the carriage, he must treat them as if they were a discovery. These items may be returned during the flight to the passenger who claims them as lost if they can accurately describe them. The passenger must confirm the fact of the return of things to the conductor in any form - in writing or orally. If the owner of the lost items is not found, they are handed over to the lost items cell at the destination station.
2.4. Passenger service along the way
The work performed by the conductor on the way is varied, and its main purpose is to provide passengers with comfortable, sanitary, hygienic and safe conditions. travel conditions. The conductor's responsibilities include; providing passengers with the necessary services, managing the technical devices of the car - heating, ventilation, air conditioning, etc., sanitary maintenance of the car, ensuring compliance with travel rules by passengers, maintaining public order in the carriage, recording and transferring free seats, providing necessary assistance to Passengers in case of illness, providing the passenger with the information he needs about the train schedule.
At least twice a day, the conductor is required to do wet cleaning in the carriage. Toilets should be cleaned four times a day, and if necessary, more often, with mandatory washing of the floors. In compartment, soft and SV carriages, the paths in the compartment and corridor are vacuumed twice a day. Before train stops at large stations, when traveling through sanitary zones of cities and resort places, in front of bridges and tunnels, toilets should be closed, and passengers should be explained that this is required by sanitary regulations.
Passengers throw garbage into a special box in the small corridor of the car (on the side of the non-working vestibule). On the wall of the carriage there is a sign with an arrow indicating “For garbage”. The conductor burns the garbage that accumulates along the way in the boiler furnace or disposes of it in special garbage containers at stations, which are indicated in the schedule book. It is prohibited for both passengers and train staff to throw away garbage on tracks and stations.
Passenger trains in our country can travel through several climatic zones in one trip, from north to south, from west to east and vice versa, so one of the most important responsibilities of the conductor is to maintain the necessary thermal conditions in the carriage. This is possible with proper operation of the heating and ventilation system.
When the outside air temperature is down to -40 °C, the temperature in the car is maintained with coal heating at least 18 °C, with combined electric heating - within 18-20 °C. Before boarding, the carriage must be sufficiently warmed up. During the journey, the carriage conductor is obliged to heat the water heating boiler and monitor the operation and condition of the heating system. In cars with electric or combined (electric or coal) heating, it must constantly operate in automatic mode and manual heating control is switched to with the permission of the train manager or train electrician only if the automation elements malfunction or if the normal temperature regime is violated.
Passenger carriages are equipped with devices for natural and forced ventilation. The carriage conductor must know their work well and correctly apply this knowledge in practice. It is necessary to ensure normal conditions in the carriage! air exchange so that long stay For a significant number of passengers, the air humidity and temperature did not increase, and the content of substances harmful to the vital functions of the body in the air did not exceed the permissible norm. The temperature in the carriage is controlled by ventilation devices, especially the air conditioning system. As a rule, passengers feel good when the air temperature inside the carriage is 18 - 20 ° C and the humidity is 30-70%. The maximum permissible content of carbon dioxide in the air is 0.1% of the volume, dust - no more than 1 mg/m3.
With an increase in the speed of passenger trains to 160 km/h and above, the ingress of dust into the car with closed windows, doors and reflectors increases sharply as a result of suction through non-densities, therefore the ventilation system must create the necessary air pressure from inside the car to ensure air exchange and eliminate dust ingress.
During the trip, the conductor must constantly monitor the temperature in the carriage and the state of ventilation, not only relying on his feelings, but also monitoring the readings of the instruments. You should also listen to the opinions of passengers. While doing his job or being in the service area, the conductor may not feel the stuffiness and increased temperature in the car.
In winter, forced ventilation provides additional heat for heating the car, since the air is heated by a heater; in summer, it helps to exchange air and cool the air inside the car. The forced ventilation installation of a passenger car operates in three modes, or stages, of operation. The first stage with a small volume of supplied air is used in winter. The second stage with the supply of an average volume of air into the car is used in spring, autumn or summer when the car is sparsely populated and at relatively low outside air temperatures. The third stage with a large volume of air is used in the summer.
The most comfortable conditions for passengers are created in carriages equipped with air conditioning devices. In these installations, the air supplied to the car in the summer is cooled and heated in the winter, which makes it possible to change the temperature, humidity and other parameters of the air inside the car over a wider range. Air conditioning allows you to create normal travel conditions in the car at outside air temperatures from + 32°C to - 40°C. At present, SV cars, restaurant cars and some compartment cars are equipped with air conditioning units. In these cars, the windows in the compartments do not open, and the windows in the corridor of the car open through one.
Natural ventilation of the car is carried out through ceiling deflectors and openable windows. The conductor, using heating and ventilation devices in winter and summer, regulates the temperature and air exchange inside the car. Normal thermal conditions in the car in winter, at low outside temperatures, are achieved by proper operation of the boiler water heating system and heating of the air coming from the ventilation unit to a temperature of at least 20 °C.
If the car becomes too hot, the conductor should reduce the heating of the heating boiler and increase the air flow through the fan. In winter, when carriages are heavily populated, especially reserved seat cars or with common seats, and when the ventilation unit is running, it is necessary to open the deflectors in the passenger area to improve air exchange and remove used air with high humidity and carbon dioxide content. On the side of the boiler end of the car, the deflectors are opened by 10-15 mm, in the non-boiler part of the car - by 20-25 mm.
An objective indicator of poor performance of the ventilation unit is fogging of the windows on the inside of the car. In this case, the conductor turns on a higher air supply to the car, and in order not to cool the room, increases the heating operation. If the car's power supply system fails or the ventilation unit itself malfunctions, the deflectors open.
In summer, when the outside air temperature is +20 °C and above, the ventilation unit of the car must operate continuously, including at train stops. The fan is turned off for 10-15 minutes for every hour of operation. When the temperature in the car rises above + 25°C, the ventilation unit does not reduce the temperature, so it is necessary to open the windows on one side of the car, and at temperatures of +30°C and above, open all the windows. It should be borne in mind that when moving on double-track sections on the right side along the train, there is a danger of dust from oncoming trains getting into the open windows of the car (Fig. 1). Therefore, it is necessary to open the windows on the right side as the train moves forward. When the train is moving at a speed of over 120 km/h, the windows do not open, as a large amount of dust will enter the carriage through them. In summer and when forced ventilation is running, all deflectors must be open; in winter, deflectors in toilets are constantly left open.
Position "open" position "closed"
Fig.1. Closing and opening windows in a passenger car: 1-latch; 2-triangular head; 3-press frame; 4-lock; 5-handle
In Fig. 1 shows devices for closing and opening the car. When preparing the sash windows for the winter, lock the latch 1. The triangular head screws 2 installed on the pressure frame 3 must be tightened evenly. In this state, windows can no longer be opened. Opening windows with force leads to damage to the fixing parts and the windows themselves.
The air conditioning unit must operate in automatic mode and maintain the air temperature in the car within 22-25 °C in summer and 18-22 °C in winter. The operation of the installation is automatically adjusted using thermostats installed in the carriage, which adjust to changes in temperature. If the thermostats malfunction, you can switch to manual control. Permission for this is given by the train electrician, to whom the car conductor must contact in case of any malfunction of the air conditioning, ventilation, or power supply systems
The conductor is obliged to constantly provide the passengers of his carriage with boiled, chilled water. For this purpose, the carriage has a combined continuous boiler, a drinking water cooler and a drinking water tank with a collapsible tap. The boiler (Fig. 2) serves to provide passengers drinking water and for making tea.
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Fig.2. Drinking water system
At the stopping point, before the carriage arrives for boarding, the conductor lights the boiler furnace and stokes it with charcoal or fuel briquettes. Electric heating of the boiler is switched on only when the train is moving. The productivity of a continuous boiler when operating on solid fuel is 16-18 l/h, on electric heating - 12-14 l/h. Once a sufficient amount of boiled water has been prepared (at the boiler gauge glass level at 15 liters), it is pumped into the drinking water cooler by hand pump until it appears in the sight glass at the top of the cooler. Then the cooling unit is turned on at the electrical distribution panel. They check the quality of drinking water and its temperature, which should be between 12-18 °C.
The place for dispensing drinking water is located in a niche in the wall of the service compartment, located in the small corridor of the boiler end of the car.
Hot water is also needed for washbasins in toilets and for washing dishes. There are water heaters in the boiler compartment of the car. In summer, the water is heated by a firebox, in winter - by a coil with hot water, the temperature of which should not be higher than 70 ° C. The conductor's service area is equipped with a dishwasher, made in the form of an enameled steel sink or a stainless steel sink. The sink has a hot and cold water mixer and a drain pipe. Hot water is supplied through a special pipeline to the washbasins in the toilets, and is also used for cleaning the carriage, washing toilets and defrosting toilets in the winter.
The electrical supply system of modern passenger cars provides operation of fluorescent lighting, ventilation and air conditioning devices, high-voltage heating of the car, as well as a combined boiler and drinking water cooler, and converters for electric shavers. The conductor is directly involved in managing the operation of the car's power supply system and controls the heating alarm of the car's rail axle boxes and the fire alarm.
The main control, alarm and protection devices are installed on the electrical distribution board located in the conductor's service compartment. The entire power supply system of the car, as well as heating and ventilation, is controlled from the electrical distribution panel using switches and buttons. The control panel of the cars also has an alarm (lamp) for short circuits and current leakage to ground of the positive and negative circuits, switching on the fluorescent lighting converter, switching on groups of lighting devices, an electric boiler, a drinking water cooler, a heating system circulation pump, a converter for electric shavers, and tail signal lights. On the control panel there are signal lamps for supplying high-voltage voltage to the main line and turning on the heating of the car. In addition, there is an axlebox heating alarm.
At emergency exit If the generator and battery fail, current is supplied through the low-voltage undercar mains from the adjacent car and vice versa.
The conductor must know how to control the power supply system of the cars and be able to identify emerging faults. To do this, a general diagram of the power supply system is posted in the service compartment. There is a specification of the elements that make up the diagram, and their basic data is given. The components of the circuit are a power supply system, a lighting system, high-voltage electric heating, control of a ventilation unit, a radio broadcasting network, and a radio installation (in cars with a radio compartment).
The main switch for the power supply system has three modes: day, evening and night. In the “day mode” position, the boiler room lighting lamps, plug sockets in the corridor, toilets and under the car, and the ringing alarm are turned on. In the “evening mode” main switch position, all lighting lamps are turned on, and in the “night mode” position, only incandescent lamps and plug sockets are turned on.
During the established operating hours of the train radio center, passengers have the opportunity to listen to last news, programs of feature stories, musical and entertainment nature. Of particular importance is service information, which must be transmitted on each train at least twice a day. Passengers are informed of the main provisions of the Rules for the Transportation of Passengers, including the rules of passenger conduct on railway transport. Passengers are warned of the need to comply with fire safety and public order rules. The conductor must not only monitor the serviceability of the radio broadcast in the carriage, but also warn passengers about the need to “listen to service information. At the same time, attention should be paid to ensuring that the operation of the train radio broadcast network does not irritate passengers or interfere with their rest. To do this, periodically check the volume of the loudspeakers, especially in the corridor of compartment and soft cars, and, if necessary, reduce the volume.
The conductor is obliged to monitor the observance of public order in the carriage, to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages, smoking in the compartment, corridors, toilets and vestibule on the working side of the carriage, as well as the presence of unauthorized persons in the carriage. Gambling and speculation are also prohibited. Travel in vestibules, on the transition platform and on the roof of the car is prohibited.
The conductor’s responsibility is to ensure the safety of the internal equipment and the passenger car itself. Vacant compartments must be locked, with the radio and lights turned off and the windows closed.
The conductor warns passengers in advance of their arrival at the destination station, and 30 minutes before this, removes bedding, pays passengers for tea and confectionery, and returns their tickets. After the train has completely stopped at the destination station, the conductor opens the outer vestibule door, wipes the handrails and begins disembarking and then boarding passengers.
Upon arrival of the train at the turnaround point, after disembarking passengers, the conductors collect used bed linen in bags and put them in lockers, put mattresses, pillows and blankets on the upper shelves and in the ceiling recesses. They vacuum and roll up carpet runners and compartment rugs, sweep floors, wipe dust from sofas, shelves, tables, walls, electrical fittings, and take out garbage from cars to special garbage containers. While the train is stopped at the turnaround point, all floors and toilets must be washed. This is done by a team of washers or the conductors themselves, depending on the established procedure. At the point of formation and registration of a passenger train, after arrival, both used and clean linen are counted and folded, preparing it for delivery. They sweep the floor, wipe off dust from all internal surfaces of passenger rooms and corridors, clean the toilet rooms, boiler room, and vestibules. Garbage is removed from carriages. If the team changes, then it hands over the internal inventory of the car to another team or to the storerooms.
2.5. Services provided to passengers on trains
On the train, passengers are provided with a whole range of free and paid services. In carriages with sleeping berths, bedding and a set of bed linen are provided in packaged form (two sheets, a pillowcase and a towel). The fee for using it is 1 ruble, but if the set includes additional items: a second towel, toilet soap, etc., the cost of the service increases. The passenger has the right to demand replacement of low-quality bed linen without payment. During the journey, the passenger can buy a new set of bed linen for a fee to replace the used one. Receipts for the use of bed linen are not issued. For business travelers, the report for using a bed on the train is a ticket for a sleeping place in the carriage.
The conductors make all the beds in the SV carriages, and in the compartment and reserved seat cars only for the disabled and the elderly. Bedding is collected from passengers no earlier than 30 minutes before arrival at the destination station. Passengers make their own bed, and the conductor takes it from the compartment from sleeping place. In the SV carriages, the laundry is removed by the conductor.
Branded trains arrive for boarding with beds made on the upper berths of the compartment cars. On international trains, the cost of using bedding is included in the price of a reserved seat. If an international train departs at night from 21:00 to 7:00 local time, the sleeping berths must be made by the carriage conductor in accordance with the cartogram data on sold seats available to him before the train arrives at the platform where boarding will take place. If an international train departs during the day, the conductor prepares the sleeping berths with beds made at the request of the passengers.
Toilets on all trains must have toilet paper and soap.
All passenger cars are supplied with tea, sugar in individual packaging, and confectionery products in small packages (cookies, waffles, etc.). In carriages of passenger trains of all categories, conductors must offer tea to passengers at least three times a day from 8 to 10, from 15 to 17 and from 20 to 22 local time, and in branded and international trains - additionally at the request of passengers at any time days. Tea is brewed in a special teapot using boiling water from a boiler available in the carriage. The joint instructions of JSC Russian Railways and the Ministry of Trade of the Russian Federation established the norm for adding tea to a glass of drink - 1.25 g. To prepare tea leaves, premium and first grade tea is used in a 1:1 ratio. 25 g of tea should be consumed per liter of tea leaves, 50 ml of tea leaves per glass of tea (200 ml).
Payment for tea, coffee and confectionery offered to passengers is charged in the following amounts:.
for tea (without sugar) prepared from tea by weight - 2 kopecks. per glass;
for tea (without sugar), for the preparation of which tea is used in small packaging (mass bags of 2 and 3 g) - 4 kopecks. per glass;
for natural, instant coffee, without sugar (2.5 g bag) - 22 kopecks. per glass; for sugar, 2 pieces weighing 15 g in individual packaging or for a bag of sugar made of laminated paper weighing 10 g - 2 kopecks. per package.
Tea is served to the passenger with the amount of sugar that he wishes, or without sugar, also at his request. Confectionery products are sold to passengers at retail prices of the 2nd zone with a 20% markup, and crackers - at retail prices of the 2nd zone.
Payment for tea and confectionery is made with the passenger’s consent immediately, one day in advance or in full at the end of the trip. Taking money in advance for these services is prohibited.
Passenger trains provide for trade in souvenirs, household and industrial goods, which must be conducted by carriage conductors. These additional responsibilities were determined by a joint order of JSC Russian Railways and the Ministry of Trade of the Russian Federation dated 1987. Trade organizations, and these can be city or local trade enterprises, management and departments of working supply of railways, organize training for trade conductors on the basis of programs approved by the Ministry of Trade of the Russian Federation and curricula. Then an employment contract is concluded with the carriage conductors or they are assigned to the position of part-time salespeople on the staff of trading enterprises and are issued certificates of admission to trade on passenger trains.
Conductors selling goods on trains are provided with special equipment (seals, locks, trays, carts), advertising brochures, forms, packaging materials with the logo of Russian Railways. By order of JSC Russian Railways and the Ministry of Trade of the Russian Federation, a sample list of goods to be sold on passenger trains was approved. For this additional work, the trade enterprise pays the conductor a remuneration of 5% of the proceeds.
Conductors should be supplied with goods from kiosks or stores set up at the points where conductors reserves are located, in carriage depots, sections or additional storage areas. Based on the requests of the conductors, the employees of the trading enterprise select goods in quantities sufficient for trading in the carriages on direct and return trips. The goods are released to the conductor upon presentation of a certificate of admission to trade and an invoice is drawn up in four copies. The invoice must indicate the date, train number, route, time of departure, last name, first name, patronymic of the seller (conductor), his identification number, list and quantity of goods, their retail prices, cost of goods and amount on the invoice, name and quantity of issued inventory. The invoice is signed by the storekeeper who issued the goods and the seller (conductor) who accepted it. The first and third copies of the invoice remain with the storekeeper, the second is placed in the container with the goods, the fourth is given to the conductor. The conductor sells the goods issued to him at state retail prices with a 5% trade markup. The sale of goods not listed in the income statement is prohibited.
Seller guides are obliged to ensure the safety of the goods and monetary valuables they have accepted along the route; they bear financial responsibility for them. In case of spoilage or damage to goods, a report is drawn up in triplicate, signed by the head of the train and the conductor-seller, indicating the reasons for the damage or damage to the goods, their quantity and value. The first copy of the act is sent to the road department, the second is attached to the commodity report, and the third is left with the seller.
After the end of the voyage, the conductor is obliged to hand over the proceeds for sold goods to the cash desk of the trading enterprise and, no later than 24 hours after returning from the voyage, deliver the unsold goods to the storekeeper, registering the return on the second and fourth copies of the receipt sheet, and submit the goods report to the accounting department of the trading enterprise. The second copy of the invoice, which is a reporting document, is handed over to the accounting department, the fourth is handed over to the storekeeper for posting unsold goods.
Along the route, passengers are informed via the train radio center about the goods available to the conductor and their prices.
Newspapers, magazines and books are sold on passenger trains. There is an Agreement on the procedure for organizing the sale of periodicals in railway transport, concluded between JSC Russian Railways and the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation. Conductors sell newspapers, magazines and other printed publications on passenger trains under an agreement with Rospechat enterprises. They are issued certificates for the right to sell periodicals and non-periodical publications and to receive newspapers along the way. This work is directly supervised by the head of the passenger train. He must periodically announce the printed materials available for sale to train crew employees over the train radio network.
Car conductors receive newspapers and magazines on Rospechat expeditions located at passenger train formation points. Newspapers and magazines prepared for sale on trains must be packed in bundles; upon delivery, an invoice form SP-22 is drawn up. The first copy of the invoice is taken by the conductor, and a copy of it with the conductor’s signature remains with the expedition of the communication company. Upon returning from the voyage, the conductors hand over to the Rospechat enterprises the monetary proceeds according to receipt orders, and unsold publications - according to receipt invoices drawn up in two copies. Receipts of receipt orders and the first copies of invoices are issued to the conductors of passenger cars. At Rospechat enterprises, personal accounts of the SP-9 form are opened for each conductor, which take into account the cost of issued publications, donated cash proceeds and the cost of returned publications.
Conductors purchase fresh newspapers during the flight from forwarders of Rospechat enterprises on railway stations at the expense of the money they earned from the sale of printed materials or received during the expedition of the train formation point. Employees of Rospechat expeditions located at train stations deliver bundles of newspapers directly to trains and hand them over to conductors for cash. The invoice form SP-22 for issued newspapers indicates the amount to be paid for newspapers and the amount of commission fees.
For implementation printed publications on passenger trains, carriage conductors once a month receive a commission in the amount of 10% of the nominal value of publications. In cases where the receipt of periodicals is disrupted due to the fault of Rospechat enterprises, the management of the conductor reserve informs these enterprises or the Union or Republican Ministry of Communications for action to be taken, and along the way the train director must give a telegram about this. If conductors refuse to receive newspapers delivered to the carriage, Rospechat enterprises inform the management of the carriage depot, carriage section or conductor reserve about this.
According to the Rules for the Transportation of Passengers, all carriages of long-distance passenger trains must have board games (dominoes, checkers and chess), which are given to passengers free of charge.
A passenger occupying a seat in the second bunk has the right to receive seat belts. If the upper bunks of the carriage are not equipped to accommodate such belts, the conductor must politely explain to the passenger the impossibility of satisfying his request.
Passengers are provided with free medications from the train first aid kit.
In a number of branded trains, free amenities corners, children's rooms, reference and information compartments, and train libraries are organized on a voluntary basis.
Depending on the organization of work and local conditions, the train crew can provide passengers with a number of services: organizing the composting of a ticket for a further trip or accepting orders for a direct reserved seat, calling porters, receiving telegrams, and taxi orders. IN branded trains there are services for passengers such as clothing repair, hairdressing, etc. On international and a number of other trains for general use there are advertising publications of Soviet railways, political literature in Russian and other languages foreign countries. For passengers on long trips, paid video salons are organized on many trains.
Note
In clause 2.5 prices for 1987 are indicated
Conclusion
Memo for conductors of long-distance passenger cars :
“On sanitary requirements for internal cleaning of wagons along the route”
To maintain cleanliness and comply with sanitary standards and rules along the route, the conductor of a passenger car must carry out regular cleaning of the car interior, passenger compartments, and toilets. It is also necessary to regularly wash the dishes used by passengers and carriage conductors. It must be remembered that the dishes intended for the passenger are stored in a specially designated place and separately from the dishes of the conductors.
1.Used for cleaning interiors and compartments: 1% solution of special asset (100 ml (half a glass) of product per 10 liters of water).
2.Used for cleaning toilets: 3% solution of septopol (300 ml of product (1.5 cups) per 10 liters of water
3.Used for washing dishes: 0.5% -2% soda ash solution (5 grams per 1 liter of water)
6.Anti-epidemiological measures .
If you identify persons suspected of having an infectious disease among passengers or members of the train crew, you must:
6.1.Inform through the train director to the first-aid post, emergency control center or other medical institutions closest along the train route about the presence of an infectious patient on the train;
6.2. Isolate the patient in a separate compartment, and transfer the passengers who were in contact with him to the next compartment, having previously freed him from the passengers.
6.3.B reserved seat carriage curtain the compartment with sheets soaked in a 1% bleach solution;
6.4. All work related to ongoing disinfection, as well as the processing of patient care items, is carried out in special clothing and rubber gloves.
6.5. For the patient, two containers necessary for collecting secretions are allocated (located on the staff car).
6.6. Routine disinfection of all utensils available on the car is carried out in a 1.0% solution of bleach;
6.7. Disinfection is carried out in the toilets, in the cabin, in the compartment, all walls, floors, ceilings, shelves are wiped with a rag soaked in a 1.0% solution of bleach.
6.8. Underwear and bed linen contaminated with the patient’s secretions are collected in an oilcloth bag or in a pillowcase pre-moistened in 1.0% bleach solution and stored in the patient’s compartment in one of the lockers of the bottom shelf, until the railway station where the patient will be removed and final disinfection carried out. .
6.9. The floor, walls, ceilings, doors, windows, shelves and lockers in the patient’s compartment, as well as places contaminated with the patient’s secretions, are first treated with disinfectants and then cleaned and washed using disinfectants. Toilets, washbasins, toilet bowls, car interiors, floors, walls and ceilings are also cleaned using disinfectants.
7.Washing tea utensils.
Wash glasses, cup holders, spoons, forks and knives with hot water with the addition of soda ash, rinse, place in a dishwashing rinse or in the sink in the service compartment of the conductor, pour boiling water over them and leave for a few minutes (the drain hole of the sink must be closed with a stopper).
When accepting the car, the conductor must make sure that there is a plug to close the drain hole. Dry clean washed dishes on a tray or place them on a clean towel.
8.Cleaning the carriage during the trip
When cleaning a carriage during a trip, the conductor must carry out the following types of work:
8.1. Clean the interior of the car, along the corridor, in the compartments using a vacuum cleaner at night - sweep the corridor and all vestibules with a broom, as well as free compartments without interfering with the rest of passengers.
8.2.Use a damp rag intended for cleaning toilets to clean the floor in the toilet and the floor behind the toilet, wipe the washbasins in the toilets with another rag, and, if necessary, renew the disinfectant solution in the tanks with a brush. Wipe down the toiletry shelf, mirror, soap dish, sink faucet, windows, walls and ceiling in the toilet. Add soap and toilet paper, and check for paper towels in “branded” carriages.
8.3.In the vestibules, wash the floors, walls and windows (in winter, sweep the vestibules and chip off the ice). In a non-working vestibule, clean and rinse the ashtrays.
8.4. Wipe the ventilation grilles in the vestibules, along the corridor, at the bottom of the compartment doors and the recirculation grille in cars with air conditioning.
8.5. Wipe down the corridor: heating system radiator casings, window sills, sun curtain rods, handrails, advertising shelves, the upper part of interior doors, glass and the doors themselves from traces of passenger sweat. Wipe compartment doors and walls along the corridor and window glass from passenger sweat stains.
8.6. Wash the boiler tray; it should be clean without any traces of dirt, ash, soot or grease stains around the entire perimeter. Clean and rinse the boiler sump filter. Wipe all metal parts and the lid of the boiler from dirt and dust. Rinse and clean the drain hole in the pan, and also wash the doors closing the boiler. If the boiler is heated with solid fuel, clean the ash collection compartment.
8.7.Rinse and wipe the sink under the drinking water tap and pump drinking water into the water intake tank.
8.8. Wipe with a damp cloth intended for cleaning the floors along the corridor, the floors under the radiators of the heating system, the floors in the small vestibule (opposite the toilet on the non-working side) and the floors in the oblique vestibule on the working side.
8.9. The conductor’s office area must be clean; there must be nothing on the cabinet or in the cabinet intended for storing “tea” utensils and confectionery products for the “tea” trade except for confectionery products received on the flight. In addition, utensils for serving tea and utensils intended for passengers should be stored inside the cabinet. The conductor is allowed to store his dishes and unspoiled food on another shelf of the cabinet.
All products to be sold must have quality certificates and confectionery products must not be expired. It is strictly prohibited to store in the cupboard - “tea house” - items that are not related to items of trade in confectionery products, “tea” utensils and food products (money, carriage keys, etc.) Glasses must be clean, without smudges, without traces of food and without grease stains. Washed and dried glasses should be covered with a clean towel. Teapots and kettles for drinking water must also be clean and free of tea leaves and traces of food. Nothing other than the above should be stored in the compartment for storing spoons, forks, and knives.
8.10. There should be nothing except dishwashing detergent in the sink located in the conductor’s office. The sink must be kept clean, free of grease, and not clogged.
8.11. At the nearest station where garbage collection boxes are provided,
The conductor is obliged to empty the garbage container in the carriage. Categorical
It is prohibited to throw garbage onto railway tracks.
9.Rules for storing bed linen
9.1. Bed linen should be stored: separately dirty, separately clean.
As an exception, it is allowed (if the drawer for dirty linen is already occupied by dirty linen or there is none at all) storing dirty bed linen in the conductors' rest compartment under the bottom bunk, bagged in a bag.
9.2. Clean bedding should be bagged and stored on second shelves or in an attic niche. At the turnover point, dirty bed linen must be sealed by the train manager.
9.3. The rules for storing incomplete linen (dish towels, napkins, curtains, etc.) are similar to the rules for storing bed linen.
9.4. Categorical It is prohibited to store dirty and clean linen (both complete and non-complete linen) in a locker in the conductor’s office, as well as near the “tea house” closet.”
10.General sanitary requirements for a guide along the route .
10.1. There must be four labeled buckets in the carriage: a bucket for cleaning the toilet - must be stored in the toilet or in the boiler compartment on the boiler, a bucket for cleaning floors - must be stored under the titanium, a bucket for cleaning tables - must be stored in a closed niche above the boiler and a bucket for garbage should be stored on the floor in the boiler room. It is strictly forbidden to wash or store anything in buckets. Storing a bucket in a bucket is not permitted.
10.2. Brooms should be stored in a small riser of a non-working vestibule.
10.3. Rags for cleaning the floors of the corridor, compartments, vestibules - stored on the floor under the casing of the radiators of the heating system along the corridor near the boiler. Toilet cleaning rags should be stored on the toilet cleaning bucket on the work side of the toilet.
10.4. Each conductor of a passenger car must have two dressing gowns: one dressing gown for cleaning toilets (stored in the larger riser of the non-working vestibule), a second dressing gown for cleaning the cabin (stored in the conductor’s office area in a plastic bag in the locker).
10.5. The hose from the vacuum cleaner should be stored in the toilet on the working side behind the toilet, and the vacuum cleaner itself should be stored in the service compartment of the conductor.
10.6.After finishing cleaning the car, the conductor must change (if necessary, as it gets dirty) the tire on the carpet.
10.7. All work on cleaning toilets and the carriage is carried out by a conductor wearing rubber gloves, which after finishing cleaning must be rinsed under running water without removing them from your hands. Wash your hands with soap under running water and lubricate with cream.
10.8. The cabin is cleaned at least three times a day, and the toilets are cleaned as needed, but not less than four times a day.
10.9. Detergents and disinfectants must be stored in closed containers and must be signed. It is recommended to store them under the washbasin in the toilet on the work side.
10.10. At the end of cleaning, cleaning equipment, buckets, and rags must be washed and disinfected.
CONDUCT REMEMBER!!!
COMPLIANCE WITH THESE RULES WILL PRESERVE YOUR HEALTH AND THE HEALTH OF YOUR PASSENGERS AND WILL NOT LEAD TO VIOLATION OF SANITARY STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS OF SANITARY CONTROL SERVICES.
Used Books
1. Passenger cars of mainline railways. Equipment maintenance instructions. - M.: Transport, 1986. - 80 p.
2. Hygienic preparation of the conductor. - M.: Transport, 1977. - 26 p.
3. Egorov V.P. Operation of electrical equipment of passenger cars. - M.: Transport, 1980. - 296 p.
4. Instructions for ensuring fire safety in passenger train carriages. - M.: Transport, 1986. - 47 p.
5. Instructions to the conductor of passenger cars. - M.: Transport, 1982. - 15 p.
6. Instructions for wagon inspectors. - M.: Transport, 1983. - 93 p.
7. Instructions to the chief (mechanic-foreman) of a passenger train. - M.: Transport, 1982. - 14 p.
8. Instructions on the work of controllers-auditors and auditors-instructors for the control of passenger trains. - M., 1984. - 23 p.
9. Instructions for the maintenance of the heating installation of a passenger car. - M.: Transport, 1981. - 14 p.
10. Matveev V.I., Kalymulin Yu.M., Dremin L.G. Manual for the conductor of passenger cars - M.; Transport, 1983.-255 p.
11. General course and rules of technical operation of railways / Ed. M. N. Khatskevich. - M.: Transport, 1983. - 394 p.
12. Basics of a standard technological process for centralized management of ticket sales on railways and departments. - M.: Transport, 1973. - 168 p.
13. Rules for issuing free tickets for travel on the railways of the USSR. - M.: Transport, 1979. - 47 p.
14. Rules for the transportation of international passengers and tourists traveling on passenger and tourist excursion trains on the railways of the USSR. Collection; basic guidance materials on railway transport. - M.: Transport, 1968. - 302 p.
15. Rules for the transportation of passengers and luggage on the railways of the USSR (tariff guide No. 5). - M.: Transport, 1978. - 168 p.
16. Rules for the use of wagons in international passenger and rail freight traffic (PPV). Tariff Guide No. 10/11-G. - M.: Transport, 1985. - - 136 p.
17. Rules for the technical operation of railways of the USSR.-M.: Transport, 1986. - 141 p.
18. Sanitary rules for equipment points for passenger cars at railway stations. - M.: 1986. - 17 p.
19. Collection of instructional and methodological materials on sanitary supervision of passenger transportation. - M.: Transport, 1974. - 117 p.
20. Agreement on International Passenger Transport (SMPS) and service instructions for SMPS (tariff manual No. 10-A and No. 10-B). - M.: Transport, 1978. - 141 p.
21. Soloveychik M. 3., Sotnikov T. A. Organization of passenger transportation. - M.: Transport, 1983. - 223 p.
22. Directory of international passenger communications. - M.: Transport, 1986. - 112 p.
23. Passenger Handbook. - M.: Transport, 1981. - 251 p.
24. Typical technological process for the operation of stations. - M.: Transport, 1978. - 53 p.
25. Typical technological process of inspection, uncoupling repair and equipment of passenger cars, - M.: Transport, 1975.-96 p.
There are prestigious (highly paid), noble, creative, romantic - different professions. Among the many people who are “in office,” there will be those who strived for their goal and made a career for several years different ways, not even always honest (this is the first option). There are those who never thought of becoming a very highly paid specialist in a prestigious position, but simply did their job honestly, conscientiously, enjoying their work (second option). I increasingly began to think about how, including both options, to become successful in this life, which path to choose. The problem is eternal
Sometimes the choice of profession is accidental, but this does not mean that it is unsuccessful. Perhaps a person is often led by fate. Of course, I would like to look beyond the screen of the next 10-15 years and decide whether today it is worth taking this or that step into the future. A lot will need to be taken into account: will the profession generate income, since this is important - you will need to feed your family; whether the profession will please you - it is psychologically important to enjoy your work. Problem!
When choosing a profession, I began to think about what I like, what abilities I have, what my friends and parents advise. It turned out that I am comfortable being among people, communicating with them, delving into their problems, even helping. In order to resolve acute situations in my family and among my friends, I read psychological books and try to smooth out emerging conflicts in my life. I’m also interested in always being on the move, traveling around the world, observing what’s happening in it, because it’s so boring to sit in one place all your life, live on the same street, ride the same bus route!
Everything is clear, I am a future conductor on the railway! Everything will be here: new faces, new cities, and life on wheels. Also (I understand this) there will be a great responsibility for the comfort and convenience of other people, sometimes you may have to communicate with irritated people - this is where you can apply your knowledge of psychological techniques to resolve conflicts.
Maybe someone will say that this is all pure romance. Let be! But it's interesting. Imagine how joyful it can be to meet your family after a two-week absence! And how many new faces, new impressions lie ahead!
My parents, rather, support me - my mother believes that if I have a goal, then I need to go towards it. Dad is silent for now and doesn’t comment on my choice. Perhaps he believes that there is still a year and a half before graduation, that dreams can change. I am firmly convinced that I need to go to a railway college, because I haven’t found any other interesting and accessible professions yet. I will go towards my dream!
Essay by 6-B grade student Daria Kotkina
as part of a road competition
for the best essay about the railway.
2011-2012 academic year.
Waiting for the train.
Once I had to wait a long time for the train - for some reason it was late. It was the end of August, we had to return home after our summer holiday. It was warm outside. I didn’t want to sit in the waiting room, so I went out onto the platform. It wasn't crowded here.
Several students were cheerfully joking about something, a lone janitor was rustling with a grumpy broom, and two bright and noisy gypsies were animatedly arguing with the policeman on duty.
I walked along the platform, looking thoughtfully at the rails. The tracks seem to be going nowhere. But the rails, like passengers, have a final destination of their journey; they do not go to infinity.
Large cities, small stations, and the vast expanses of our country flash past the carriage windows. Life does not stand still, and the rails are witnesses to many destinies and journeys. The joy of meeting and the tears of parting, the cheerful hubbub of students, the grumbling of summer residents, the lively voices of station sellers - the railway sees and hears everything.
Thinking about this, I suddenly caught myself thinking that without a person there is no life on the railway. After all, railway workers are the main thing. People have a very difficult and responsible profession. They ensure the safety and comfort of passengers. Kilometers depend on them, perhaps the most important meeting in someone’s life.
Suddenly my thoughts were interrupted by the shrill whistle of a passing train. The train quickly rushed past, leaving behind the warm smell of diesel fuel and fuel oil. It was as if he wanted to catch up with time itself, the wheels of his carriages were knocking so quickly and loudly. The sound of wheels is a sound that beckons, calms, and gives hope. Let there always be a green signal and a velvet track on the railway.
The railway of the future.
I really like traveling by train. On summer holidays Our whole family goes on vacation. We often go to the sea. The ride is long, but on modern trains even the most long journey flies by unnoticed.
I really like to look out the carriage window and dream. Under the rhythmic sound of wheels, I wonder what the railway will be like, for example, in 50-100 years.
I would really like to see trains for children in the future. Fast funny train with cars, with drawings of cartoon characters. IN children's train comfortable compartments: soft, folding shelves with remote control, adjustable air conditioning. It would be very cool if each compartment had a home theater in 3 and 4D format, and the conductor could also be called via radio.
Of course, the trains of the future must be environmentally friendly, so they will be hovercraft and almost silent. Perhaps the railway of the future will be built under water and pass through glass tunnels, which will allow you to admire the beauty of the sea.
And all trains of the future will be controlled by a computer system.
The railway plays a very important role in people's lives. Perhaps, when I grow up, I will design the trains of the future, and who knows, maybe my dream train will rush passengers across the vast expanses of our country.
“My life is iron road".
Presenter: (a recording sounds... of the sound of carriage wheels and the whistle of a diesel locomotive).
After listening to these sounds, you realized that today we will talk about iron
road. Our competitive, game, poetry program is dedicated to the iron
road. Do you like to travel by train?
Then why did it happen? Make yourself comfortable and hit the road! And will help us
travel by rail... Poetry.
1 child: With big cities behind us -
At the stations, on the threshold of the fields,
Like arrows in a glass quiver,
They are waiting for dispatch trains. Hurry!
Here it is - the departure side.
Goodbye, home comforts!
This is the side of surprise
Behind which they stand to open!
2nd child: That’s the decoration in the spring meadow,
Then in the pinkish river reach
Space is grinding
Millstones of happy wheels.
There will be cold, and heat, and fatigue,
But don’t look back:
Behind - only the past remains,
The present is there, ahead.
Host: In fact, we have become so accustomed to this amazing phenomenon that
which is the railway, that sometimes we don’t even think about
How would we live without her? But they lived in Russia and all over the world without
railways! Who can tell me when and where the first one appeared in Russia?
Railway?
Child: Our Russian railway is still very young. First passenger
the steel highway connected St. Petersburg with Tsarskoe Selo, this happened in
October 1837. Its length was only 25 km. But in general
“cast iron” - as the common people called the railway - appeared a little
earlier: in September 1834. Serf masters of the Demidov breeders, father
and the son of the Cherepanovs, Efim Alexandrovich and Miron Efimovich, united
narrow-gauge quarry, where iron ore was mined, and the Nizhny Tagil plant,
where this ore was smelted into cast iron. It is this tiny iron
the road is only 3.5 km long and became the ancestor of the current railway
Child: The iron horse is rushing, rushing!
Iron rattles on iron.
Steam billows, smoke rushes;
The iron horse rushes, rushes,
He picked it up, planted it, and rushed off...
Child: Everything is fine under the moonlight,
Everywhere I recognize my native Rus'...
I fly quickly on cast iron rails,
I think, my thought!
Host: Let's play a game:
"Decipher the word"
Children are divided into 2 teams. Offer children tickets (of different colors); on the front of the tickets there are numbers written on the number of subgroups. You need to read the words in the order in which they are written, highlight the first syllables in them and make a new word from them.
Task for the first team:
vase, grief, dive (cars)
stock, leather, skein, quiet, challenge (locomotives)
houses, mole, viper (road)
Task for the second team:
field, riding, gifts (trains)
spatula, skis (sleepers)
body, swimmer, water, rapids (diesel locomotives)
needed in railways , even kings are emperors were interested
in that. Committee of the Great Siberian Railway, chaired by
Emperor Alexander III decided to build a highway from two
sides: in the west - from Chelyabinsk, in the east - from Vladivostok. And the heir
Nicholas III of the throne laid the first stone with his own hand in 1891
into the station building in Vladivostok and overturned a wheelbarrow with earth, thereby
marking the beginning of the construction of the Ussuri Railway. This road
And in October 1916 it was commissioned railroad bridge via Amur
Khabarovsk, Russia proudly announced to the world that it was she who tied the iron
dear two oceans - Atlantic and Pacific.
The twentieth century has arrived - the century of technology and high speeds. Continued
new railway lines are being built. All these construction projects (Turksib -
a route connecting the center of Russia with the Far North - with Vorkuta, Murmansk,
Baikal - Amur Mainline) forever entered the history of our Motherland and
worthy of great respect, because their laying is a feat.
"The Railwaymen's Anthem"
To the tune of the song “Trucker”, from the repertoire of G. Zarechny.
Warm-up game: “What is possible and what is not.”
Presenter: If what I’m going to talk about can be done, the children should jump if
You can’t sit down.
1.Cross the railway in a prohibited place?
2. Play with matches and lighters?
3. Cross the street when the traffic light is green?
4. Leaning out of the windows of trains and electric trains?
5. Eat with dirty hands?
6. Edible fungus – put in the box?
7. Throwing trash out the train window?
8. Travel on a train without a ticket?
9. Should I use candles instead of electric garlands?
10. Should small children sleep on the top bunks on the train?
11. When leaving home, do you leave electrical appliances on?
12. Play various games on the railway?
13. Board a train without a ticket?
14. Lean over the balcony railing?
15. Cover your mouth with a tissue when coughing?
16. Be rude to the conductor, call him names on the train?
Game "Come up with a funny story."
Host: Try to come up with funny stories about what would happen if
some work was performed by people of a completely different profession.
What would happen if...
A ballerina was sweeping the yard;
The train would be driven by a cook;
A doctor would repair the path;
Instead of a guide there would be an artist;
The train manager was replaced by a conductor;
The gardener brought letters to the house;
The musician was catching fish;
The singer sold tickets at the box office;
The sailors made the suits;
The librarian treated the sick;
Host: While our train is moving towards the given point, answer me this question.
So we say: railway... railway... And what does it contain?
myself? What about the railway?
Child: Tunnels, bridges;
A railway line is unthinkable without terminals, stations, stops,
hauls. It needs semaphores, arrows, and platforms to work.
Child: Concepts such as “departure”, “ticket”, “shelf”, “speed”, “schedule”
applicable to railways.
And of course, the railway means cars, coal, steam, electricity.
Host: Trains are different. Come on, tell me what types of trains you
Child: Trains are divided into passenger and freight. The first type of trains includes
fast (or express trains), with reserved seat and compartment carriages.
An example of such a train is the Rossiya Express, coming from Vladivostok.
to Moscow, - a train passing in 6 days is the longest railway
route on our planet (9290 km). He is assigned number 1. But no less cute
and local and suburban trains, taking us away to
dacha, to my grandmother, who lives in a small village.
Poem
The railway is getting stronger
And with rails and rays the world is brought together.
From southern mountains to the northern seas,
It runs from west to east.
To serve the railway
A lot of specialists are needed:
The driver himself, the assistant driver,
The cashier, the minister and next to him the deputy minister,
And also an impartial auditor,
Also a principal controller,
Trackman, attentive,
The dispatcher is clear and obliging;
Because the carriage is warm and the train is running,
We heartily bow to them all!
Child: Freight trains are also different: they carry different types
cargo, and for each type - its own wagon. Low rectangular carriages
bring us coal and timber, tall rectangular ones - grain, small ones
trapezoidal cars are designed for transporting cement and flour, round
tanks transport oil and petroleum products; huge refrigerators
(refrigerated trucks) bring us food, and platforms with installed
gratings are designed for transporting containers and cars. Eat
There are also postal and baggage cars.
Song "Blue" railway carriage".
Host: Now let's talk about professions related to the railway,
more precisely, which the railway united. Who works on the railway
on the road? Thanks to whom does the railway survive?
Game "Make a word".
The team that finds the most names of professions wins.
(related to the railway).
BASH KAS MENIST PO VOD ZHUR TE NO MOSCHNIK MACH PUNY WOK
CHER ELEC NIK MA ETS SIR HA SHI NIK PRO DE ZA DIS PO NIK LU PET
TRIC SCHIK VI SIL RE ZOR
(shoemaker, traveler, cashier, mechanic, driver, assistant, conductor,
station duty officer, dispatcher, electrician, porter, auditor).
Poems about professions
(railway related)
TO THE MACHINIST
The parallels run into the distance,
Arrows, stages, junctions.
There is no time to hold sadness in your soul:
You need to arrive on time, without being late.
There is a line of carriages behind,
Hundreds of souls dependent on them alone,
People are the ones who go where and where
For the affairs of their unimaginable worries.
Someone is going to the sea to relax,
Who is on a business trip, with a task
Someone will celebrate the holiday,
Someone's on a last date.
People travel knowing in advance
That they're before the expiration date
The train will certainly take you
To any destination.
But they, having forgotten their fatigue,
Without taking your eyes off the flickering rails,
They will drive the locomotive,
Meeting schedule deadlines.
We want to wish them more strength,
So that everyone on duty is calm,
So that diesel does not let them down,
Passengers would be happy.
TO THE TRAIN BOARD
Passengers are restless
They fuss here and there.
Live in peace picky people
They don't give it to conductors.
It's hard to deal with them
Calm down, scold...
If this is not possible,
The authorities need to be called.
After all, the chief of staff
There is both a king and a god on the train.
He is just by right
Moderately kind and moderately strict.
Someone mixed up the place
Someone got into the carriage as a “hare”.
You need to help someone,
And kick someone out.
With the one who hates everything in the world,
Understand without offense
And with a mistake on the ticket
Solve the situation.
So we wish them peace,
Happiness in life again and again!
And diligent passengers,
So as not to spoil their blood.
Their work is glory and honor
Clothed for us all.
Let them be happy at work
And may success await you in everything!
TO THE CONDUCTOR
Passengers are like children. During the journey
Someone must be responsible for them:
Check all tickets, bring bed,
Feed and put to bed.
Boil strong tea, wake up the sleepy at night,
Maintain cleanliness throughout the carriage,
Pour fresh water into heavy titanium
And don't forget to sweep the floors.
Is it close to go or the path lies far...
On the railway for now
Unfortunately, the passenger will have a hard time
Without a good guide!
What should I wish for them?
Just patience and strength,
And health - everyone needs it!
May you always do exemplary work from now on
Gratitude just sounds.
And dear hearts, despite the years.
Let them knock on you, as before.
Let the duty go without accidents and dramas,
Happiness, cheerfulness, henceforth without melancholy!
May you meet more kind people
Our dear guides!
TRAVELER
In their orange vests
Under the sun and in the night lights,
They are in winter and hot summer
They work on the tracks.
Checking joints, sleepers and nuts,
Inspection of wheels and brakes...
There is a hammer and a flashlight -
They will tell you everything without words.
Their work is hard - the result is clear to everyone:
And passengers will know
That their path will be safe,
They don't have to wait for accidents.
Travelers will check everything everywhere,
All problems will be fixed.
Drivers firmly believe in them:
They always keep an eye on everything.
And hundreds of future disasters
It won't come true. Will warn them
One traveler is omnipresent -
All problems will be resolved.
Thanks to them for all their efforts,
We wish you happiness and goodness,
Love, mutual understanding!
To the valiant travelers - hurray!
TO THE DISPATCHER
Without you, no one would have known
At the stations waiting for the train,
When will he come? Late?
What platform is waiting for him?
And the passengers would come in droves
They tore and threw with anger,
Without such information
There would be chaos at the station,
Calm streams flow
Carrying to everyone without further ado
Streams of valuable information.
You know everything about everything
And about the slightest changes
Tell everyone in your
The usual short announcement.
About all train movements
They already know in advance.
And your long-awaited words
Everyone is waiting with increased attention.
May happiness, joy and love
They will always be “pursued”
And passengers again and again
They will say “thank you” and will not forget!
ELECTRICAL
If only they weren't on the railway,
Electric trains wouldn't rush along it then,
Darkness would reign, like in a black den,
The semaphore did not show the necessary lights.
We constantly need their strong hands:
Wires, insulators - take everything apart.
Day after day passes, but they are not bored,
Malfunctions must always be corrected.
We want to wish them fewer accidents,
So that their work brings us joy.
Well, there was a good scenario in personal matters.
Happiness, good spirits, love and warmth!
TO THE MANAGER OF THE MAIL CAR
He delivers mail by spare car
Reliably, accurately, accurately to any part of the country.
He stores and sorts bags containing letters.
Forms parcels without knowing the melancholy.
Always full of will, fulfilling his duty,
Parcels and parcels will be delivered to people on time.
Mail cars carry messages to everyone,
Bypassing the stages, doing your good work.
And to those who are on duty in them
We always wish
Don’t frown your eyebrows, don’t think about the years!
After all, by your glorious deed for many days
You valiantly and skillfully bring people together!
TO THE BEARER
Passengers on the platform
The landing jitters are hitting,
To take places in the carriage,
Don't forget about your luggage.
Who will help them skillfully
To the carriage or taxi
Should you deliver your luggage intact?
It can, just ask
He's a reliable porter.
He will not leave you in trouble!
Your things are under supervision,
He will deliver at the same hour
Suitcases and trolleys,
Chests, bundles, bales
This is all without unnecessary haste,
There is no point in rushing.
More strength and success,
And good luck and kindness,
Less grief, more laughter,
Let work become like a game!
STATION MANAGER
Our station attendant
He leads for a reason ,
Everyone knows that he is a good guy
And he doesn’t sit idle.
The child is lost
Or the train won't be found
Someone is confused about something -
Everyone runs to the duty officer.
It will help everyone who is sad,
Without offending anyone
What's going on at the station?
Under his control.
Let there be less work
And there is peace in the family,
Everyone knows at the station
That our duty officer is a hero!
MECHANICS
A breakdown has occurred, there are downtimes,
Trouble has happened and they are waiting for a mechanic.
With a smile in your eyes, without knowing any barriers,
He will quickly set up any unit.
Diesel locomotives are at risk of breakdowns along the way.
They are not pleasant and slow down progress.
For smart mechanics, breakdowns are a trifle,
They will fix it without any shouting or noise.
I will say without a doubt, without unnecessary embellishment:
Communication routes cannot exist without you!
"Song of the Railway Workers"
(to the tune of the song “My address is Soviet Union»)
Game "Professional Dictionary"
Host: I suggest you determine which professions those groups of words refer to
which I will now read to you.
1. Fabric, cutting, pattern, scissors, atelier. (Tailor).
2. Carriage, coal, tea, tickets, compartment, general carriage. (Conductor).
3. Beauty, hair, scissors, hairstyle, style, shampoo, paint,
client (hairdresser).
4. Platform, station, passengers, locomotive, cabin, rails, cars,
traffic light, responsibility. (Locomotive driver).
5. White coat, patient, diagnosis, clinic. (Doctor).
6. Cold, rails, sleepers, heat, path, stage, “window”, “crutch”.
(Traveler, shoemaker).
Scenes
Presenter 1: We know a lot of transport: there is a bus, a boat.
Presenter 2: We'll talk about the railway now.
Presenter 1: About the station, carriages, ticket office.
Presenter 2: And about those who drive us.
Presenters (in unison): We have prepared a most interesting story for you.
Presenter 1: Who is more important on the road - the driver or the conductor?
Presenter 2: Everyone knows that the most important driver on the road! Who, upon seeing very
strict auditors immediately wilted?
Presenter 1: What to do with a heavy suitcase in a foreign city?
Presenter 2: If we are early for the train, how will we spend the day here?
Presenter 1: From now on we will know where they always get tickets.
Presenters (in unison): The cheerful semaphore will give us answers to all this!
Scene "Station".
Presenter 1: We arrive at the station.
Presenter 2: There is a large and bright hall here.
Presenter 1: We’ll buy tickets here at the box office.
Presenter 2: And in the buffet there is tea with a cutlet.
Presenter 2: Let's sit in the chairs and wait (they sit down).
Presenter 1: What will they announce to us?
Presenter 2: And there is pandemonium all around, endless movement.
Presenter 1: Here are the tourists with kayaks,
Presenter 2: Here is an ensemble of harmonists,
Presenter 1: There's a whole class with backpacks - after all, it's the holidays.
Presenter 2: Here is an old lady with a samovar,
Presenter 1: Here are the students and the guitar.
Presenter 2: Uzbek with a melon in a net,
Presenter 1: And another hundred people.
Presenter 2: The loudspeaker suddenly sneezed:
Presenter 1: “The Adler – Barnaul train, maybe it’s coming now!”
Presenter 2: People immediately ran.
Presenter 1: And behind him you and I -
We need to go home.
Presenter 2: Goodbye, station!
Together: Your cozy bright room,
While we're on our way,
There's no way for us to get around!
Scene "Luggage Storage".
Passenger: I happened to be passing through here,
I have half a day before the train,
I'd go for a walk
But I have the things!
Caretaker: He will help you without a doubt
There is also a storage room here.
Let the owners walk
Things are waiting for them here.
Passenger: (handing things out the window)
Bag, suitcase, basket
Is it possible to rent a window through this?
Caretaker: I just won’t take the elephant -
He needs a cage.
Passenger: I handed over my things and took the token
And the free man walked out!
Scene "Information Bureau".
Passenger 1: If you need help soon
Get more than one,
We without further ado
Let's go to this window.
(Everyone goes to the window and stands in line).
Passenger 2: Where should we change planes?
Passenger 1: Where to the train with the quota
Could we take a break?
Passenger 2: Here, in the window, they will tell us.
How much is our ticket?
And also – which is also important –
Where is the buffet and toilet?
Passenger 3: Baby lost her mother,
She burst into tears.
Consultant: They announced from the window -
Immediately mommy was found.
Passenger 1: Little by little passengers
They go to him all day.
Consultant: This smart window is called “Information Desk”!
Scene "At the cash register".
(Passengers with luggage in hand stand in line at the ticket counter).
Passenger 1: We climb into the ticket office with our nose
Here's a simple question:
“Do you have a ticket to Rostov?”
Cashier: No.
Passenger 2: We heard back.
Cashier: Here, take it to Brest
There are two wonderful places.
Brest Fortress once upon a time
Soldiers protected there.
Passenger 3: Give us tickets to Rostov.
Cashier: Well, go to Odessa.
The sea is there and everyone jokes
Living in Odessa will not get boring.
Passenger 2: We would still like to go to Rostov.
Cashier: There are tickets to Chisinau.
It's warm and there are grapes,
Everyone is happy with grapes.
And you don't want to go there?
Do you speak Spanish?
There are tickets to Madrid.
There you will see a bullfight,
Queen and king.
Passenger 3: No, we'll still wait
Two tickets to Rostov, -
We tell the cashier again.
The cashier immediately became boring:
Cashier: Here's a capricious passenger
Today I went -
Everything is not good for him.
I tell him this way and that,
Well, you won't please!
Scene "Bridge".
Presenter 1: You know everything yourself:
A bridge is visible at the station.
Presenter 2: Stretched out over the tracks,
He rose to his full height.
Presenter 1: Why was the bridge built here?
On land, not over water?
Presenter 2: The explanation here is simple -
He takes care of you and me.
Presenter 1: Like many guys,
So as not to waste time,
Presenter 2: We love – but what’s there to hide –
Walk straight along the paths.
I didn’t notice the locomotive -
Trouble has already struck!
We all need to remember the children -
The bridge will always help us out.
Together: On the bridge, not on the road,
We need to move on!
Scene "Conductor".
Passenger 1: This is uncle or aunt
At home here and at work.
Passenger 2: Here goes the apartment,
Its neighbors are passengers,
Passenger 3: Fat,
Passenger 4: Thin,
Passenger 1: Good,
Passenger 2: Angry,
Passenger 3: Elderly,
Passenger 4: And young.
Passenger 1: Boy
Passenger 2: Or the old lady,
Passenger 3: And the rosy-cheeked girl -
Passenger 4: To all of them, even if it’s night,
The conductor is in a hurry to help:
Passenger 1: He will indicate the desired shelf,
Passenger 2: Will tell you about the final destination,
Passenger 3: He will bring fragrant tea.
Passenger 4: And he will sweep the carriage.
Passenger 1: A forest and a river flashed by -
Her stove is already smoking:
Passenger 2: There’s not much outside the window,
The house must be in order.
Passenger 3: We didn’t have time to look back -
He brings bed to everyone.
Passenger 4: Even though I’m tired and have no urine,
He will tell everyone: “Good night!”
Conductor: Passengers sleep sweetly -
Conductor or conductor
Only some will not sleep
And protect your peace!
(A driver in a cap comes on stage and reads a poem).
I wanted to become a chimney sweep -
Suddenly I had to change my mind
Because the driver
I had a chance to see it.
He walks with a smooth gait,
Very slender and broad-shouldered.
Everyone knows - the most important
There's a driver on the road!
It will deliver passengers
To the right city exactly on time:
To Kyiv, Astrakhan, Rustavi,
Ashgabat, Vladivostok.
Leads trains day and night
With coal, sugar, ore
Through the deserts, through the oak groves,
On bridges that are over the water.
Watching from the cockpit -
The path must be clear.
(Looks into the distance).
On this long route
Don't take a moment's nap.
Behind his platform,
Stacks of forests are coming.
He is in a beautiful blue uniform,
I would like to become like that!
(“Compartment.” The Inspector approaches the seated passengers, he reads the text, the passengers show tickets, one of them looks for a ticket for a long time).
AUDITOR
Well, brothers, guess;
From whom do hares suffer?
The gray wolf is not scary at all
To our unusual hares.
They are not afraid - miracles!
For some reason, and a fox.
Here, in the carriage, for a long time
The chief physician is their auditor.
He approaches the passengers
If you have a ticket, they will let you go in peace.
(Checks tickets).
But you won’t get a ticket -
This means that you will immediately become a hare.
And saying that you're wrong
The auditor will impose a fine.
(The auditor shakes his finger.)
Listen to my advice:
You must always take a ticket!
EPILOGUE
We are approaching the station,
The journey is over.
The road has become clearer for us,
Well done Semaphore!
He made friends with the driver and me,
And also with a guide.
The carriage is comfortable and clean for us.
Replaced the house for a while.
Who will meet us on the platform?
What is moving?
Find out about everything in the world
Never get tired of it.
Why do we go to the cash register?
Where can I find the answer to everything?
And what danger awaits
If you follow the paths?
There are a lot of these rules
And we can’t live without them.
All together: We are with the railway
We became friends forever!
Host: And it also happens that it is the railway that radically changes a person’s destiny:
he dreamed of another profession, but after just one train ride, he couldn’t
already forget this “pinching” feeling of the road, smooth gliding
carriages, the smoke of a steam locomotive and the calling whistle of a locomotive. Or maybe,
today, after our holiday, someone will think and choose in the future
will become a railway worker, because our city Rtishchevo is a city
railway workers.
Child: It's over, guys.
A story about professions.
You will choose someday
Suitable for you.
But let's not rush
One can only dream.
We all need to study a lot,
To become a specialist.
So that later they will be proud of you,
Your work acumen,
To be masters
You are in any profession!
Composition
Fates are flashing outside the window
Lives of years lived...
Vikoruk D. G.
Hardly in middle lane There is a person in Russia who has never used the services of a railway, be it a simple trip to the country or a trip to the sea. Every time you find yourself at the station, you feel a sense of awe before the trip.
Russian railways have a long history and glorious traditions. On February 1, 1842, Emperor Nicholas I signed the highest Decree on the construction of the first railway in Russia: St. Petersburg - Moscow. 34 stations were built on it and two large stations were erected in Moscow and St. Petersburg according to the designs of the famous architect K. A. Ton. To this day they delight passengers with the perfection of their forms. On November 1, 1851, the longest double-track railway was opened.
The first Russian railway, which today is part of the Oktyabrskaya Railway, began to operate. Trains traveled along it, driven by steam locomotives built at the Alexander Plant in St. Petersburg. The distance from St. Petersburg to Moscow is 650 kilometers; the fast train covered it in 12 hours.
In the mid-19th century, the question of connecting Moscow with the Volga provinces arose in government circles. As a result, the Volga Railway was built, which gradually grew and expanded. Thus, in the 80s and 90s of the 19th century, several projects for the construction of a railway to Astrakhan appeared. Research was carried out, but none of the projects found government support. For about 10 years there were disputes about the choice of direction, which were resolved only at the beginning of the 20th century, when on June 10, 1902, the highest order was issued on the construction of a broad-gauge line from Astrakhan to the Krasny Kut station. In 1909, the construction of lines to Astrakhan was completed.
During the Great Patriotic War, Volga railway workers provided the necessary transportation to supply the front, especially in the Stalingrad area. By decision of the State Defense Committee, in the fall of 1941, the construction of the Akhtuba-Paromnaya and Astrakhan-Kizlyar lines began with the construction of ferry crossings across the Volga near Astrakhan and Stalingrad. The Urbakh - Upper Baskunchak - Astrakhan line acquired decisive importance in supplying the Stalingrad Front with troops, equipment and ammunition. On this section, caravan traffic was used: trains ran day and night with an interval of 10 minutes, traffic safety was ensured by the signalmen of the locomotive crews, who sat on the front platform of the locomotive and the last brake platform of the train.
After the Second World War, the USSR railway network began to recover and then grow. All areas began to be well equipped technically, the number of employees increased, and work improved. It is known that in 1989 the total length Russian roads amounted to 1234.9 thousand km.
Now the Volga Railway is successfully developing. Statistics for 2006 also speak to this. The operational length of this railway is 4236.8 km and employs 41355 people. In 2006 alone, 42 million 284 thousand tons of cargo were transported on the Volga Road, and 10 million 600 thousand people were transported.
The Volga region branch of the RJ has several branches: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov.
Currently, the Astrakhan branch of the Volga Railway is headed by Alexander Evgenievich Syuskin. This department, however, like the entire Russian railway as a whole, has one area of activity to which all the efforts of both the administration and employees are directed: “Timely and complete satisfaction of the needs of the economy and the population in the transportation of goods and passengers.”
The Astrakhan railway department is developing successfully. It is known that in the same 2006, cargo turnover here amounted to more than 10 billion tons. According to the press, for 9 months of 2006, 2 million 276 thousand people used long-distance trains here, trains commuter service— 945 thousand people. The plan for passenger turnover in all types of traffic was fulfilled by 104.8%.
What will the future of the Russian railway be like? Will there be no need for it soon? I think that in the near future - probably not. Train tickets are much cheaper than air tickets. Besides, in rail travel it has its own inexpressible charm, its own romance. I think it will be difficult for people to give up all this, even under the influence of a ruthless economy.
As for the distant future... We read in science fiction books that completely new types of transport will appear, which will have incredible speeds and capabilities. I think that railway transport will develop and improve with time, which he has already proven more than once. Therefore, in my opinion, the web of railways will always entangle not only the territory of our Motherland, but also the whole world, supplying people with everything they need.