Historical plans of the Big Vyazemy estate. Central Russia. Bolshie Vyazyomy in the 20th century

We stopped by (on the road)! As it turned out, the last time we visited was somewhere before 1994 (when Vyazemy and Zakharovo were united). Results: The church, more or less “fresh”, the belfry, even “fresh”, the lower church has been restored (the interior is completely new), the top is open only once a year (they said on the Assumption), there is a lot of work there, and even on the walkway NOT allowed!; The Horse Yard was restored; The palace, from the outside, looks very good, on the inside, peelings and leaks are already visible, but overall not bad. But the “filling” is much better, much better! Especially the last halls of the second floor (children’s rooms and things), and even two libraries !; The park has been Slightly landscaped, and there are three observation decks on the shore (in my opinion, unnecessary, except in autumn-winter). ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

TWO busts of Our Everything appeared, and a monument in honor of the Russian/French camp. Ticket 200 (as part of the excursion - 350), PARK - 30 ("forced" service), exhibitions - 100-150 each, toilet (at the parking lot) - 10 ,drink tea (2) + three rolls - 350! In short, the tendency is clear - to pay FOR EVERYTHING and separately. Therefore, they did NOT take photos! The park was NOT impressive, and the “shore”, as beautiful as it was, remains so! take an excursion, if possible, on weekdays, and just join in (they don’t “condemn”). It left a pleasant impression, but with this “trend”, EVERYTHING will become more expensive (almost for no reason!).

The museum complex is wonderful. Here you can order individual excursions(almost 2,000 rubles + entrance tickets, call in advance), and visit the so-called “duty excursions”, which are held daily at 12.00 and 14.00, ticket price is 350 rubles per person, there are no benefits for children. We were on just such a “duty excursion” on Saturday at 12.00, there were less than 10 people, the duration was more than 1.5 hours, we visited the horse yard, the temple, the park and the palace itself with all the exhibitions.
The excursion is mainly dedicated to the owners of the estate - the Golitsyns - rather than to Pushkin, who visited here only as a child. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

We really enjoyed.

traveler ★★★★★

(14-01-2017)

I definitely liked the museum. As the Great Schemer says, “not everything is smooth, but the main thing is that the chairs are intact.” If you want to get sunstroke, then go to France. But here is Russia and nothing can be done about it. Thank you for restoring at least something. Bow to the director of the museum, who they say literally lives the museum. Go to the toilet and you will understand what is good and what is bad..

A small cozy manor. Beautiful church. Only the ground floor is open. Everything there has been renovated, but it’s a bit cramped. Their museums were visited only in the main estate. We did not attend the current exhibitions in the outbuilding. The main manor house has been restored with high quality, a huge amount of work has been done. I really liked it inside. Classical music concerts are held in one of the halls (the library on the 1st floor). The park is being improved and looks good for mid-April; I think it will be green and beautiful in the summer. In principle, the employees are friendly, but I was a little surprised by the situation that did not happen to us. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

Immediately after us, an intelligent wedding couple with about only 5 guests came to the box office and paid for a photo session in the halls of the estate at the box office. When they arrived at the house itself, the grandmother at the entrance told them for about 15 minutes that they still had to coordinate this with the director of the museum, although the ticket office didn’t tell them anything like that. Somehow the employees of one museum need to learn to negotiate among themselves and not spoil people’s holiday.

The church and belfry are magnificent, the manor house gives an approximate idea of ​​the interiors of the 17th-19th centuries, because... the original furnishings have not been preserved. The park is small, the pond is completely overgrown. Two things seemed negative to us: constant noise from the road and an antediluvian toilet.

We visited on March 8, for independent tourists excursions on weekends at 12 and 14 o'clock, approximately 1.5-2 hours, excursion cost 250 rubles/person, photo 175 rubles. or self-excursion without a guide. A beautiful church, but only the ground floor is open, the second floor is closed, restoration is not underway, and the main highlight, on this moment the only such original belfry. The restoration of the estate has been completed, 2 floors are open, beautiful interiors, but the park is not well-groomed, although this may be true in March. I recommend... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

combine with the Zakharovo estate.

Avtodor ★★★★★

(25-11-2013)

Definitely worth a visit! At 12.00 and 14.00 on Saturdays and Sundays there are on-duty excursions for approximately 1.5-2 hours. The guide's story was a little chaotic, but still interesting. The manor house has been almost completely restored; landscaping work is still underway in the park. And regarding the closure of the park: well, if modern people cannot behave like human beings and make a mess everywhere... they mutilate trees, leave garbage... there are even notices about this.
yes and winter schedule seems to be talking about the park closing at 20... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

00, which is quite acceptable.

Konstantin ★★★★★

(28-07-2013)

I visited here after a 10-year break and saw dramatic changes. The estate has been restored (work is still ongoing), fenced, the park is neat with beautiful flower beds and new monuments. There is parking and a clean toilet. Visiting the park is free. I walked around the main house for almost 2 hours looking at everything in detail. Ticket 150 rubles, photo 175 (a little expensive). On the 2nd floor there is a stunning exhibition of artifacts from the Napoleonic wars (weapons and other items). There is an exhibition dedicated to Tarkovsky in the outbuilding, but I didn’t have enough strength. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

And the temple is magnificent.

margarita ★★★☆☆

(9-07-2013)

I live nearby, but it’s impossible to get into the park because... it works from 9 to 18.
Even in the heat of summer. You come home from work and everything is closed. I have lived next to this park all my life. We always walked there, went skiing in winter, but now everything is closed. The park is now well maintained, but it is for employees, not people. The park employees are angry, dissatisfied with their lives and salaries. Who needs such beauty? We go for a walk in Zakharovo Park. A completely different attitude towards people, I want to come again.

Ekaterina ★★★★☆

(18-08-2012)

Active restoration work is underway, preparations are being made for the arrival of statesmen during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino! A beautiful well-kept park, a well-maintained estate, a powerful temple and an extraordinary bell tower - all this can be seen in Vyazemy. The Zakharovo estate is located nearby!

The manor house is currently undergoing restoration, which is promised to be completed by the 200th anniversary of the Napoleonic invasion, i.e. by September 2012. A serious drawback of B. Vyazem as a vacation spot is constant noise from the Mozhaisk highway. And you can’t escape the influence of the growing city of Golitsyno, which covers the reserve from almost all sides.
Of interest to lovers and connoisseurs of Russian history and, to a lesser extent, to amateur Pushkin scholars.

Lesya ★★★★☆

(6-12-2011)

Nice place, I really liked the park. Especially the sundial. I remember the little belfry! Almost everything is under restoration, a lot of things are not shown. But we have many places that need repairs, so we can only be glad that restoration efforts are underway here.

Local ★★☆☆☆

(19-11-2011)

I live next to this museum, if I may say so. Complete remake and sucks. Not a single real exhibit. Whether Pushkin was here is a big question. At a conscious age - most likely not.

We visited here on 05/02/10. A beautiful restored palace, park, dam. We arrived at 12:00 for the excursion. I liked the guide, she explained everything well, and took us around the park and buildings. And I liked the museum exhibition, there is a lot of things, there is something for antiquity lovers to see. I really liked the things embroidered with beads, and Dollhouse nothing either))) Lots of books from that time, porcelain. And the park, to be honest, is not very good. The proximity of a busy highway spoils the whole impression ((And the flowers... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

there weren’t any in the park(((They would really decorate the estate!

A beautiful place, a well-preserved estate.
Excursions for unorganized tourists are still at 12.00 and 14.00 on weekends.

The impression was spoiled by drunken weddings on site and a boring lady tour guide. The place is very interesting, but the story about it didn’t work out.

For such a large house, there are still not enough restored interiors, but on the second floor there is a piece of a nursery with a doll's house. The daughter was dragged by the ears and was glued to the spot. Otherwise everything is beautiful and well maintained. They just constantly ask for a ticket for filming and the caretakers discuss their business very loudly and for some reason they drink tea in the halls, rattling dishes. The park is small and a little neglected, which gives it a special charm.

A nice place. The buildings included in the complex have been restored estate-museum. The church and bell tower are interesting. There is also something to see inside the museum premises. Comparison with Zakharov is pointless. In Zakharov everything was restored again for Pushkin’s anniversary. THERE only the foundation of the house remained original.
Bolshie Vyazemy a good place to stop by on a fine Sunday day.

Alena ★★★★☆

(4-12-2007)

We visited in the fall of 2007. Okay, nice. The estate is in excellent condition, there are many signs, however, it is not always possible to find everything indicated, but we will assume that this is our mistake. The river bank is wild, full of weeds and traces of gatherings. However, in general, the visit remains a positive impression.

The former Bolshiye Vyazyom estate near Moscow is located about forty kilometers west of Moscow, right behind Golitsyn. On the left side of the highway you can clearly see the park and the old manor house.

The estate, located on the old Smolensk road, became a witness and participant in many important events Russian history, she took Boris Godunov, False Dmitry I, Marina Mnishek, Kutuzov, Napoleon under her roof...

At the end of the 16th century, Bolshiye Vyazyomy was country residence Boris Godunov. It is not known exactly when the estate fell into the hands of the all-powerful boyar, but the first mention of this fact dates back to 1585. Godunov loved his estate near Moscow and furnished it beautifully and thoroughly. Under him, a large wooden palace, a church, numerous outbuildings were built, orchards were laid out, and a pond with a stone dam was dug on the Vyazyomka River.

The wooden palace burned down in 1618, when Polish troops were approaching Moscow, but Godunov’s magnificent Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, later renamed Transfiguration, survived.

The four-pillar, five-domed temple stands on a high basement and is surrounded on three sides by covered two-tier galleries.

The walls of the building are made of white stone, and the crowning parts and galleries are made of brick.

Frescoes from the late 16th century have been preserved inside.

In 1807, six-year-old Nikolai Pushkin, the poet’s younger brother, was buried near the eastern wall of the temple.

Next to the church on a high terrace there is a belfry that is completely unique for the Moscow region.

By the middle of the 19th century, the Godunov belfry had become very dilapidated, and they already intended to dismantle it. Fortunately, the owner of Big Elms, Prince Golitsyn, did not allow reprisals against historical monument, however, as compensation, he allowed it to be attached to ancient temple new bell tower. This newly built bell tower was dismantled during restoration work in the 1950s.

The picturesque group of temple buildings is surrounded by a replica of an 18th-century fence.

Adjacent to one of the corners of the fence is a small clergy house.

After the death of Godunov, Bolshie Vyazemy was considered a palace village. In 1694, Peter I granted the former Godunov estates to his tutor, Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn. In 1766, his great-grandson Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn became the owner of the estate, who in the 1770s/1780s. built a new manor complex, which, with some changes, has survived to this day.

The first pair of brick buildings were erected in 1771: guest and kitchen wings.

Standing a little further away, another two-story, outbuilding-like building has nothing to do with the old estate; it was built in the 1930s for the School of Arts.

In 1784, the main manor house, built in the style of French classicism, rose between the wings.

The house facing the old pond is especially good.

At the top of the attics are cartouches with the Golitsyn family coat of arms.

Some outbuildings of the estate have been preserved behind the church. The large horse yard of the late 18th century has been greatly damaged by alterations, and is now being restored.

There is a museum in the main manor house. It must be said that this museum is very young, it appeared in the late 1980s, and owes its existence to enthusiastic devotees. The original interiors of the estate have not been preserved, and museum workers had to literally collect strings from the world to create the exhibition. In the halls of the main house, museum staff tried to partially reconstruct Golitsyn’s rooms. Some of the premises contain exhibits telling about the history of the estate and famous people connected with it in one way or another.

The formal dining room features furniture and tableware from the 18th/19th centuries.

Behind the dining room there is a round rotunda room, from which there was access to the garden.

In old photographs you can see what the rooms looked like at the beginning of the 20th century.

The main bedroom is furnished with light wood furniture.

There were two libraries in the house. On the ground floor there was a collection of foreign books. In 1812, after the Battle of Borodino, Kutuzov first lived in this large room, and the day after his departure, Napoleon slept in the same library, on the same sofa.

On the second floor under the Golitsyns there was a library of Russian literature.

In all the rooms there are cute household items, interior items, and portraits.

In the former living room on the second floor there is a permanent exhibition “The World of Childhood in a Noble Estate”.

In one wing, already renovated, there is a museum ticket office, a kiosk with a good selection of historical and local history literature, and exhibition halls.

Also in the outbuilding are works by sculptor Nina Konenkova donated to the museum.

And of course, part of the museum exhibition is dedicated to Pushkin, who visited Bolshie Vyazemy and spent a lot of time in neighboring Zakharov as a child.

The village of Zakharovo, located two kilometers from Bolshie Vyaz, was bought in 1804 by the grandmother of the future poet Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Every summer, from May to October, for six years the entire Pushkin family spent in Zakharov. The Pushkins also lived here during the winter of 1808/1809.

From the estate of Pushkin's time, all that remains in Zakharov now is a huge pond and a few centuries-old trees; everything else in this very young museum is completely new.

In 1904, the then owner of Zakharov built a new home on the foundation of the old manor house. In 1993, during restoration work (!!!), this house burned down. Historians and restorers were unable to find any drawings, drawings, or even verbal descriptions of the house of M.A. Hannibal. Therefore, when recreating the estate, the architects took as a basis the standard design of an 18th-century manor house. In 1999, for the 200th anniversary of Pushkin’s birth, in just three months the “house of M. A. Hannibal” was rebuilt in Zakharov and a museum was opened.

The Zakharovsky house is of very modest size, two-story, the second floor is low, mezzanine.

On the ground floor of the house, in the front rooms, the interiors of Pushkin's time were recreated.

The rooms of Zakharov's house are small. In the most spacious room, the windows of which open onto a terrace with a columned portico, the furnishings of the Great Living Room are presented.

The furniture and interior items, of course, have nothing to do with the Pushkin-Hannibal family; they were collected from various museum funds.

In a small corner room it is shown what the office of the mistress of the estate might look like.

In the corridor there is a small collection of old chests.

Another, also very modest in size, corner room with an alcove is a reconstruction of a children's playroom and classroom.

Here you can see a desk and visual teaching aids.

A somewhat larger room is reserved for the dining room.

And finally, in the last room of the exhibition, as a tribute to the memory of Arina Rodionovna, objects of peasant life are collected.

Of course, it’s a pity that there are no memorial items in the exhibition. Nevertheless, the museum gives visitors the opportunity to find out how poor noble families lived - and there were incomparably more of them than representatives of high-profile aristocratic families with huge fortunes - on their estates near Moscow, Kaluga, Pskov, Penza and other estates.

Of course, Alexander Sergeevich himself believed that “Tsarskoye Selo is our Fatherland,” however, in 1830, on the eve of his wedding, the poet went not just anywhere, but specifically to Zakharovo. Apparently, on the eve of dramatic life changes, my soul demanded to take a sentimental journey to childhood.

The poet also visited Bolshie Vyazemy, which at one time inspired him both “Boris Godunov” and “The Queen of Spades”, the prototype of the heroine of which was Princess Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, who often lived in her son’s estate.

It is logical that at the end of the 19th century the idea of ​​​​creating a Pushkin reserve in this corner of the Moscow region was born, but only a century later, thanks to a group of enthusiasts, the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin appeared on the territory of Bolshaya Vyaz and Zakharov. Yes, in both estates there are a lot of remakes and very few truly “Vyazma-Zakharov” exhibits, however, the museum gives another opportunity to plunge into our history. In addition, both estates regularly host themed parties, concerts, lectures, and meetings with writers and artists.

Bolshie Vyazyomy estate in the Moscow region– one of the most charming and visited Pushkin's places. It is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve. In, located five km from Bolshiye Vyazya, the poet spent six summer seasons from 1804 to 1810. These two places became a symbol of rural Russia for Pushkin, reflected in many works, including the poem “Eugene Onegin.”

Bolshie Vyazyomy estate, beautiful palace and park ensemble XVII-XVIII centuries, is located on the banks of the Vyazemka River, 54 km west of Moscow. On the territory of the estate there are the Golitsyn Palace with several wings, the Transfiguration Cathedral, an original belfry, an ancient dam and other attractions. A well-groomed park and picturesque surrounding forests are combined in Bolshie Vyazemy with many historical and cultural monuments.

History of the estate

Bolshie Vyazemy was mentioned in chronicles of the early 16th century as a settlement on the Great Smolensk Road. In 1585, they were granted by Emperor Ivan the Terrible to his brother-in-law Boris Godunov, who turned his possession into a small fortress. In just one year, he built a wooden tower with outbuildings and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, a fortress wall, and a dam. These structures, created by the architects of Boris Godunov, have survived to this day.

In troubled times early 17th century estate on a short time became the country residence of Tsar False Dmitry I and his wife Marina Mnishek. At the end of the 17th century, he gave Bolshie Vyazemy to his comrade-in-arms in the struggle for power, Prince Boris Golitsyn. In 1784, his great-grandson, Nikolai Golitsyn, built the palace anew, and in this form the main building has survived to this day.

During Commander Mikhail Kutuzov stayed in Vyazemy, and after him Emperor Napoleon. IN different time Many famous and outstanding people have visited here. Among them are Emperor Paul I, writers N. Gogol, V. Bryusov, L. Tolstoy, A. Akhmatova and traveler N. Przhevalsky. The most important circumstance for the museum is that it is closely connected with the name of the poet A. Pusch kina. Not far from Vyazem, the poet grew up, visited the local temple and stayed with the Golitsyns in this estate. At the local cemetery there is the grave of his deceased six-year-old brother Nikolai.

The estate remained the property of the Golitsyn family until 1917. During the years of Soviet power, the house deteriorated and fell into disrepair. Only in 1980 did the creation of a small museum begin in the estate, and in 1994 Bolshie Vyazemy was declared a state museum and restoration work began.

Monuments

The entire complex of monuments The estate-museum is interesting, but the greatest interest of visitors is the cathedral with its belfry and the mansion with two wings. The rooms of the mansion are beautifully decorated with furniture and household items late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century, collected for the museum in similar noble estates. In the interiors of the Golitsyn Palace, the atmosphere of Pushkin’s times was masterfully recreated: residential and state rooms - the way the poet could see them in his youth and later when visiting the house.

State dining room- the same one in which dinner was served to Emperor Paul I, who was staying here, and perhaps to an uninvited guest. The library temporarily served as headquarters for the Russian army. The Masonic Hall contains portraits of high-ranking members of the lodge and mosaic symbols of the Freemasons organization. In the flirtatious ladies' room, everything seems to be like under Natalya Petrovna Golitsina, who became the prototype of the heroine of Pushkin’s famous “Queen of Spades.” The house itself, well known to the poet, became for him the prototype of the rural estate of Eugene Onegin, next to which was the more modest refuge of the Larins - Zakharovo.

On the adjacent buildings alleys, walking paths and playgrounds there are many memorial obelisks dedicated to famous people and significant dates of the 16th - 20th centuries. The park and pond give an idea of ​​the art of the ancient landscape masters. The museum is constantly working to restore the premises of the estate services and equestrian yard, as well as organize new thematic exhibitions.

An interesting line of activity State Historical and Literary Museum of the Reserve A. S. Pushkin steel holiday events, dedicated to Pushkin and historical dates, regular “Musical evenings in the Russian estate”, held in the fireplace room. Child Center Vyazema estate invites young listeners and spectators to thematic lessons, concerts, games and festivals.

IN State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin (Vyazema estate) On February 10, the traditional day of memory of the great Russian poet took place. On this day, February 10 (January 29), 1837, A.S. Pushkin died from a wound received in a duel with Dantes. The Vyazema estate has a long and rich history. In the 16th century, the palace of Tsar Boris Godunov stood here, surrounded by fortress walls; he also erected the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity here, which has survived to this day. During the Time of Troubles, False Dmitry I lived in the palace, and Maria Mnishek also visited here. The first Romanov tsars also visited Vyazemy, and Peter I gave the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn. In 1812, first Kutuzov and then Napoleon stayed at the estate. A.S. Pushkin’s brother Nikolai is buried near the Transfiguration Church, and the poet’s estate is located nearby in Zakharovo.
Photos are clickable, with geographical coordinates and linked to a Yandex map, 02.2016.

Historical reference:
A settlement on the site of the modern Vyazema estate has existed since the 14th century. The name Vyazemy was first found in documents of the 16th century; under Ivan the Terrible, Vyazemy was the last station before Moscow along the Great Smolensk Road. Then the village was called Nikolskoye-Vyazemy. At the end of 1584, the village was donated by Tsar Fedor I Ioannovich to his brother-in-law Boris Godunov, who immediately started a large construction project here.
Under him, a wooden country palace, a stone belfry and a five-domed Trinity Church were built here, and a dam was built on the river. Vyazyomka. This is where they were located wooden church Nicholas the Wonderworker and the Monastery of St. John the Theologian, which arose in pre-Godunovsky times. The ensemble of the royal residence near Moscow was surrounded by a moat, a rampart and a wooden wall with six towers, which is why Vyazemy acquired the appearance of a fortress - a “fortress”.
After the death of Boris Godunov, Vyazemy passed to False Dmitry I, who in the winter of 1606 staged a “funny battle” here between the German guards and Polish cavalry with the Moscow boyars. In May of the same year, Marina Mnishek stopped for five days in Vyazemy, on her way to Moscow. After her departure, a fire broke out in the village, turning 30 peasant households to ashes. In 1611, peace negotiations with Jan Sapieha took place here.
In 1618, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov, along with the “prison,” burned down, and the place where it stood was later built up. During the Time of Troubles, the Monastery of St. John the Theologian and St. Nicholas Church burned down. After the “Ravage of Moscow”, only the Trinity Church, the belfry and the dam remained from the former royal residence.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich stayed in the Trinity Church during his trips to Zvenigorod.
In 1694, Peter I granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn. In the 18th century, a clergy house was built next to the cathedral, which, together with the cathedral and belfry, was surrounded by a stone fence. In the second half of the 18th century, under the great-grandson of Boris Alekseevich, Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1729-1793), a palace (1784) and two outbuildings (1770s) were built, and a regular park was laid out at the same time.
In 1812, M.I. Kutuzov, and later Napoleon, stayed at the estate. In memory of these events, a memorial sign was erected on the estate. In 1820, a stone bridge was built across the Vyazemka. At different times, the estate was visited by Pavel I, N.M. Przhevalsky, V.Ya. Bryusov, L.N. Tolstoy. The name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is associated with the estate. A few kilometers from here was the Hannibal estate - Zakharovo, where the poet spent his childhood. A. Pushkin’s younger brother, Nikolenka, who died in infancy, is buried near the wall of the church.
In 1987, the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin (GILMZ A. S. Pushkin) was created on the territory of the estate.
Now there are several exhibitions on the territory of the estate:
- (I recommend to compulsory visit everyone);
- Boris Godunov Museum on the 2nd floor of the horse yard (I recommend it to archeology lovers);
- exhibition of contemporary landscape painters on the 3rd floor of the horse yard;
- “Sculptor’s Workshop”, N. A. Konenkova Museum in the eastern wing (wooden sculptures).
Sources: Internet, Wikipedia, book by A.V. Alekseev “Church Antiquities of the Zvenigorod Land”

1. Scheme of the museum of the A.S. Pushkin reserve at the Vyazema estate

2. The village of Vyazemy, Prince D.V. Golitsyn,

3. View of the Vyazema estate, lithograph by V. Timm, 1850s, from the exhibition located in the palace

4. Bust of Pushkin at the entrance to the museum

5. Horse yard after restoration. In the XVI-XVII centuries. on this site was the palace of Tsar Boris Godunov (burnt down in 1618), the foundation of which was discovered during archaeological excavations (subfloor, remains of walls, wooden pipes, terracotta tiles, etc.). Now in the building of the equestrian yard there is an exhibition dedicated to Boris Godunov, and on the third floor there is an exhibition of contemporary landscape painters

6. Horse sculpture

7. Boris Godunov Museum. On display are details of Boris Godunov's palace found during excavations. In the center you can see a screen showing interesting slides about the history of Boris Godunov’s palace and the archaeological excavations being carried out, I recommend viewing

8. Right wing of the horse yard

9. Left wing of the horse yard, now a children's center

10. Church of the Transfiguration (originally the Life-Giving Trinity), erected by Boris Godunov in 1598, consecrated in 1600. During troubled times, it was devastated by Polish invaders. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich stayed in the church during his trips to the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery in Zvenigorod. The church was renamed Preobrazhenskaya by Prince B.A. Golitsyn, to whom Vyazemy was assigned by Peter I. In 1812, the church was destroyed again, this time by the French. In the 1930s The church was closed and reopened in 1992.

11. Transfiguration Church and belfry, built before the church, in the 80s. 16th century

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16. Belfry, 80s. 16th century

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18. The fence around the church was built at the end of the 18th century

19. Necropolis

20. Grave of A.S. Pushkin’s brother - Nikolai

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23. Tombstone from the grave of Pyotr Vasilyevich Durnovo, 18th century. It comes from the territory of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, where before the revolution, near the walls of the Nativity Cathedral, there was a tomb of the Durnovo family. After the monastery was closed in 1919 and the monastery necropolis was destroyed, this tombstone was taken out of town and thrown into a quarry. It was discovered by accident a few years ago local residents and transported to the Vyazema estate. The monument of the “Muffed Column” type (a column broken by a cube) had a clear class affiliation and was installed only on the graves of nobles

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25. A unique tombstone, unique for its epitaph. Tombstone made of white stone, children's, peasant, transported from the old cemetery in the village. Crimean. Made in the form of a chapel pillar. The poetic epitaph is interesting and touching: “Under this stone is the resting place of the baby Sergei Shustrov born on July 15, 1913, died on August 19, 1916. Poem. Quiet fox (t)ya not making noise my Sergei sleep soundly under the stone cross he sleeps rest rest dad and mom wait "

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27. Medieval tombstone, 1599

28. it’s the same, you can see the inscription, a pattern in the form of a pigtail and a fork-shaped cross

29. Under the snow there are medieval tombstones (with a fork-shaped cross) found in Zvenigorod and Kubinka. Full list medieval tombstones with a fork-shaped cross posted on my blog, see

30. Monument to A.S. Pushkin, sculptor Yu.S. Dines, architect A.V. Klimochkin, installed in 1999 for the 200th anniversary of the poet’s birth

31. Western wing, 70s. XVIII century

32. Palace, 1784. Now there are two floors occupied by a museum, where the atmosphere of the 18th-early 20th centuries has been recreated, and the halls are dedicated to different eras and the owners of the Vyazema estate. You can take a photo tour of the palace

33. Wildlife monument of local importance - white poplar, age 90 years. In general, on the territory of the estate almost all linden trees are 160-175 years old and they are also a monument to wildlife

34. Golitsyn Palace from the side of the pond

35. Panorama: eastern wing, palace, children's art school (1930)

36. A memorial sign for the stopping of the Russian and French armies in August 1812, 2002. In the Vyazema estate in 1812, after the Battle of Borodino, first the Russian army stopped during its retreat, and then the advancing French

On one of the fine autumn days, we went to Bolshiye Vyazemy to look at the majestic Transfiguration Church, the furnishings of the manor house, the stable building and the surrounding landscapes. The origin of the word “Vyazyomy” is not precisely established. There are two main theories. According to the first, the word comes from the Slavic “viscous”, perhaps this is due to the viscous banks of the river flowing through the territory of the estate, which bears the name Bolshaya Vyazemka, similar to the estate. Another theory attributes the word “vyazema” to Finno-Ugric roots, characteristic of the hydronymy of the Russian North (the rivers Kama, Lakshma, Lekshma, Padma).

Monument to A.S. Pushkin. 1999
sculptor Yu.S. Dines, architect A.V. Klimochkin.

Manor park. Autumn.

Back in 1585, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich granted Bolshiye Vyazemy as the patrimony of Boris Godunov, and from the early 90s of the 16th century, Boris Godunov began large-scale construction in his new possession. At this time, a wooden palace, a boyar's house, numerous services, and orchards were built on the estate. By the end of the sixteenth century, a five-domed temple in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord with a belfry was built on the estate.

The entire complex of manor buildings was surrounded by a wooden wall with five towers. Additionally, the walls were reinforced with a moat. Thus, by the end of the 16th century, the entire complex was a well-defended, powerful fortress. The defensive structures of the estate have not survived to this day, which is understandable; the need for them disappeared a long time ago.

Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Church in the village of Bolshie Vyazemy

During the Time of Troubles, Bolshiye Vyazemy became the residence of False Dmitry - his country palace was here, and here, on the way to her fiancé in the spring of 1606, Marina Mnishek stopped with her retinue of thousands. After her departure, something happened on the estate terrible fire, which destroyed more than half of the village. In one of the fires of the Time of Troubles, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov also burned down.

Clergyman's house

Parochial school. The building is modern.

Nizhny Golitsynsky pond, on the Bolshaya Vyazemka River. Also known as the Gosudarev Pond.

After Mikhail Fedorovich came to the kingdom, in 1618 the Vyazems were assigned to the palace department. And in 1694, Peter the Great granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn, “for salvation during the Streltsy revolt.” Despite the fact that the prince visited here rarely, considering Dubrovitsy his main estate, the prince made a lot of efforts to revive Big Elms. He restored the ruined Trinity Church, reconsecrated the Church of the Transfiguration, and rebuilt the palace. According to the diaries of Peter the Great, the emperor visited Bolshie Vyazemy while passing through in 1701 and 1705. The manor house in Bolshie Vyazemy was built on May 1, 1784 by the great-grandson of Prince Boris Golitsyn, retired colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn. The date of construction is indicated by the bas-relief on the pediment of the house.

Next there will be many photographs of the interior decoration of the manor house, which is probably more correctly called a villa.

The War of 1812 did not cause much damage to the estate. After the Battle of Borodino, on the way to Moscow, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, stopped in Bolshie Vyazemy. And a few hours after his departure, Emperor Napoleon arrived at the estate. The Drakun and infantry corps were stationed in Golitsyn's palace. In memory of those days, a memorial sign was erected on the territory of the estate in honor of the stopping of two armies in the Patriotic War of 1812.

A sign in memory of the stop of two armies in Vyazemy during the Patriotic War of 1812.

In 1882, a new owner appeared on the estate - the son of His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn. With his appearance, the estate returned to its former amenities. In 1908, the new owner established an estate in the vicinity of the estate. suburban village, for which a part of the land is allocated, separated by the railway. Over time, the current city of Golitsyno was formed on the site of the village. Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn became the last owner of the Bolshie Vyazemy estate.
The changes that 1917 brought to Russia did not bypass the Golitsyn estate.

We go up to the second floor. There are many more pictures of the interior of the manor house.

In the fall of 1918 and spring of 1919, more than 60 items of cultural and historical value were taken from the estate to the National Museum Fund, among which was an engraving depicting the family tree of the Golitsyn princes. The family jewels of the Golitsyn family were later transferred to the Armory Chamber. A unique collection of books, more than 30 thousand volumes, collected by Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, was distributed to libraries. The estate was used as a colony for homeless people, then as a sanatorium for old Bolsheviks, a school for pilots and paratroopers, a tank school, and an evacuation hospital. By the way, during the First World War, there was also an infirmary with 50 beds.

Former stable. Its restoration is currently underway.

After the hospital was closed, the educational zootechnical institute of horse breeding was located on the territory of the estate, which was personally supervised by Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, who visited the estate several times. In 1952, he laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building of the institute.

School of Arts, formerly the building of the Institute of Horse Breeding.

Not far from Bolshie Vyazya is the Zakharovo estate, the former estate of the grandmother of the great Russian poet Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Here, in his grandmother’s estate near Moscow, the future poet first saw the beauty of Russian nature, peasant round dances, heard folk songs, and became acquainted with peasant life. These first childhood impressions shaped his views on life. In these places near Moscow he began to write his first poems.

The grave of Pushkin's brother Nikolai, who died at the age of six.

There are several more ancient tombstones nearby.

The love story of Alexander Sergeevich for Natalya Goncharova is also connected with Bolshiye Vyazemy. It was here, in the estate, at one of the balls organized by Prince Golitsyn, that Pushkin first saw Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. The Bolshie Vyazemy estate appears more than once in the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It is believed that in the novel “Eugene Onegin” Zakharovo serves as a prototype for the Larins’ estate, and Bolshiye Vyazemy became the basis for the description of Onegin’s estate. Now the Bolshie Vyazemy estate, like the Zakharovo estate, is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. In the Golitsyn Palace, among the interiors of the 18th -19th centuries. Golitsyn readings “History of the Fatherland” are held. You can get to the estate from Belorussky railway station by train to the stop "Statsiya Golitsyno". Walking distance from the station is about 1 km. You can also get from the station by bus or minibuses. Don’t even think about getting off at the Malye Vyazemy station; you’ll get lost and get lost. By car you need to take the Mozhaisk highway. Without entering the village of Vyazemy itself, turn left before the bridge, and after about 200 meters turn right to the parking lot near the Church of the Transfiguration.