3d tour of the Kremlin. Virtual tour of the Kremlin. The history of the Kremlin and its reconstruction
The Moscow Kremlin is a fortress in the center of Moscow and its oldest part, the main socio-political, historical and artistic complex of the city, the official residence of the president Russian Federation. Located on the high left bank of the Moscow River - Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the Neglinnaya River. In plan, the Kremlin is an irregular triangle with an area of 27.5 hectares (ha). The southern wall faces the Moscow River, the northwestern wall faces the Alexander Garden, and the eastern wall faces Red Square.
Antiquity
The first settlements on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin date back to the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC). A Finno-Ugric settlement dating back to the early Iron Age (second half of the 1st millennium BC) was found near the modern Archangel Cathedral. At this time, a Dyakova-type settlement occupied the center of the upper floodplain terrace of Borovitsky Hill (the area of modern Cathedral Square) and may have already had fortifications. From the northeast, the village was protected by two ravines: one north of the current Trinity Gate leading to the Neglinnaya River, the other lay between the Petrovskaya and Second Nameless Towers of the modern Kremlin.
XI - XIV centuries
Following the Dyakovites, with the beginning of the Slavic colonization of the Oka and Moskva River basins in the 10th century, the top of Borovitsky Hill was inhabited by the Vyatichi (possibly reclaiming the former settlement). Presumably, the Vyatichi village on the hill consisted of two fortified centers - the first, larger in area, was located on the site of modern Cathedral Square, the second occupied the tip of the cape. Presumably, both centers were protected by a ring fortification consisting of a ditch, rampart and palisade. The Vyatichi included in the defensive structures two ravines connected by a ravine, which performed the same function back in pre-Slavic times; The ravines were converted into a ditch up to 9 meters deep and about 3.8 meters wide. Presumably, on the cape of the settlement there was a certain political and administrative center: during archaeological excavations a Kiev hanging seal from the end of the 11th century was found here. Both parts probably had their own cult centers - the upper one in the area of Cathedral Square, the lower one - “under Bor”, on the site of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist that stood here. The Kremlin toponyms “Makovitsa”, “Mountains” and “Bor” also date back to pre-princely times. These two centers were surrounded by a suburb stretching along the Neglinnaya and Moscow rivers. The development and prosperity of the settlement was connected with the trade routes running here: there was brisk trade between East and West along the Moscow River. In addition to the waterway, two land roads passed nearby - one to Novgorod (later Volotskaya), the other from Kyiv through Smolensk to the northeast; both roads were connected at the foot of Borovitsky Hill by a ford across the Moscow River (in the area of the current Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge). The first chronicle mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. In 1156, the first fortifications with a total length of about 850 meters and an area of about 3 hectares were built on the territory of the modern Kremlin. The fortification was surrounded by a moat...
Currently, the team site is supported by the President of Russia V.V. Putin and the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) are implementing a panoramic photography project of the historical and architectural ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square. Although filming is still ongoing, and all the results of our work will be presented on the site only in a few months, today the project site and the Russian Geographical Society have prepared a gift for Russians for Moscow City Day - a unique virtual tour above the Kremlin from five spherical panoramas!
Our helicopter flew over the Kremlin stars, the chimes on the Spasskaya Tower, the Ivan the Great bell tower, and St. Basil's Cathedral. Until now, no one has managed to take photographs of the Kremlin from such unusual angles.
In December 2012, we submitted an application for a Russian grant Geographical Society for the development of the website project. Quite unexpectedly for us, we were invited to a meeting of the media council, and after the presentation of the project, our grant was approved. After this, our cooperation with the Russian Geographical Society began.
The ceremonial presentation of the RGS grants took place in April of this year at a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Russian Geographical Society chaired by Russian President Vladimir Putin. During his speech at the meeting, our colleague Sergei Semenov turned to V. Putin with a request for help in obtaining permission to photograph the Moscow Kremlin from the air. The President supported our request, and by now we have already completed several surveys over the Kremlin territory.
And now we would like to bring to your attention some historical facts associated with this unique architectural monument.
The "Kremlin" is the name given to the city's fortifications. ancient Rus'. Many Kremlins have survived to this day in Russia: Novgorod, Kazan, Pskov, Kolomensky... But only one Kremlin does not need explanation: the world-famous Moscow Kremlin in the Russian capital. This is the most large fortress on the territory of Europe, preserved and operating to this day. The Kremlin is the most important landmark of Moscow, the seat of the President of the Russian Federation and " business card"of the whole country.
The first settlements on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin date back to the Bronze Age - the 2nd millennium BC, but the first fortifications appeared here much later: in 1156. The wooden fortification, with a total length of about 850 meters and an area of about 3 hectares, was surrounded by a ditch 16-18 meters wide and 5 meters deep.
During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the Kremlin was destroyed and then rebuilt. But only by the middle of the 14th century, under the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, the wooden walls of the Kremlin were replaced by walls and towers made of local white stone. It was from this period that the name “White Stone Moscow” is often found in chronicles.
However, by the 15th century, under Ivan III the Great, this structure also had to be rebuilt, since the walls literally “floated.” Italian architects were invited to restore the Kremlin, and thanks to this, it combines the best achievements of both Russian and Italian architectural art. So, the model of an impregnable fortification was taken famous castle Sforza in Milan, while the Kremlin churches were built according to strict Russian traditions.
Burnt brick was chosen as the main material for construction. The center of the Kremlin became Cathedral Square with the Assumption and Annunciation Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Archangel Cathedral - the tomb of Russian princes and tsars, and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower located on it. Another major reconstruction of the Kremlin took place at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries, and since then the appearance of this Moscow landmark has remained virtually unchanged - with the exception of color.
The fact is that the walls of the Moscow fortress, according to historical descriptions and picturesque images, remained white for many centuries. The burnt brick was carefully whitewashed: both for the sake of preserving the masonry and in memory of the white-stone Kremlin of Dmitry Donskoy. It is believed that it was decided to make the Kremlin red by Stalin’s decision in 1947 - to celebrate the 800th anniversary of Moscow. And before that, during World War II, the Kremlin was camouflaged in a unique way. A fantastic project for that time was developed by the group of academician Boris Iofan: walls of houses, black holes in windows were painted on white walls, artificial streets were built on Red Square; even Lenin's Mausoleum was covered with a cap representing a house. This is what helped the greatest monument history and architecture have survived to this day without being damaged by bombing.
- Walking class:
- Territorially: Central Administrative District
Walk duration: two to three hours
Start of the walk: M. Biblioteka im. Lenin,
End of the walk: M. Biblioteka im. Lenin,
A virtual tour of the Kremlin is a walk that you can take without leaving your computer. Vivid photos of the panorama from the website of the President of the Russian Federation with our comments and links to detailed information about monuments and museums. We invite you to see vivid views of the Kremlin, views from the domes of the Kremlin palaces, an overview of the streets and squares of the Kremlin, gorgeous photographs of the interior decoration of the Kremlin palaces.
A virtual tour of the Kremlin is a walk that you can take without leaving your computer.
Kremlin - historical Center, the heart of Moscow. The Kremlin today - and the complex historical monuments, and a museum, and, at the same time, the residence of the head of state - the President of the Russian Federation. In this regard, access to the Kremlin is limited. You can get there during limited hours, for a fee, under a strict access regime (including possible inspection), and in addition, not all objects are available for review and inspection. Tourist routes are limited, even going beyond the limit lines is quickly crossed by the sentries of the Kremlin garrison. And of course, access to premises occupied by government agencies is not provided as part of regular walks and excursions. In this regard, it is in the Kremlin that a virtual tour is most relevant.
The website of the President of the Russian Federation contains vivid photo panoramas that allow you to view the Kremlin from various points outside and inside the fortress, the interior of the buildings, views from the roof and bird's eye view. This is a unique opportunity to see on the site what is difficult to see with your own eyes. In addition, a virtual tour of the Kremlin can precede a real tour (you will already be prepared on what to look at and what not to miss).
As part of our review, we will provide links to the website of the President of the Russian Federation, where panoramas are presented and, in parallel, links to the database of our online guidebook for more detailed information about objects and comments. We recommend that you open the links in a new browser window to simultaneously read the comments on this page. It is better to hide the map in the upper left corner for better review.
So, first point of the virtual tour along the Kremlin - the roof of the Grand Kremlin Palace (open the link in a new window).
Rotate the panorama clockwise. Among the internal Kremlin buildings, which house the famous Kremlin museums, the Armory Chamber and the Diamond Fund, we see the dome of the small Church of the Nativity. We see the powerful Stalinist building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the first of the famous Stalinist skyscrapers). In front of it are low houses, this is the area of the old Arbat. Two other Stalinist skyscrapers (to the right of the Foreign Ministry building) are not so clearly visible - this is the spire of the Hotel Ukraine building and the building on Kudrinskaya Square. In front of them, barely visible from behind the internal Kremlin buildings (only the tops stick out), are small Kremlin towers: the Armory and the Commandant. Behind them, near the walls of the Kremlin (we see a small green area) lies the Alexander Garden (in it is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier), and then Mokhovaya Street runs parallel to the walls of the Kremlin.
We move further clockwise. Trinity Tower is the most big tower Kremlin (the tourist entrance to the Kremlin is organized through it), even further to the right - barely visible due to the building of the State Kremlin Palace (it is in the hall of the palace that concerts are held in the Kremlin) and the Arsenal building - the Corner Arsenal Tower (it overlooks Manezhnaya Square and the Tomb of the Unknown soldier). Behind them, in the panorama of buildings in the Tverskaya Street area, it is difficult to discern anything. More or less, the State Duma building on Okhotny Ryad is visible.
We move further along the panorama. In front of us are the churches of Cathedral Square: the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great (for a long time - the most high building Moscow), Assumption Cathedral (historically main cathedral countries), the Archangel Cathedral (tomb with the burials of Moscow princes and the first Russian tsars), the Annunciation Cathedral (the home church of Moscow rulers), the bathhouse of the Terem Palace churches. A little to the left is the Terem Palace itself. In the distance we see the Nikolskaya Tower, facing Red Square on the other side. And behind it (already on Red Square) is the building of the Historical Museum (everyone who watched the parades on Red Square has seen and recognizes it). The small towers on the horizon behind the Kremlin cathedrals are two more huge Stalinist high-rises (just far away): the building on the Red Gate and the building of the Leningradskaya Hotel. The huge building of the Rossiya Hotel (behind the Archangel Cathedral) has already been demolished, it is no longer there (it remains in the photograph for now). To the right of it is the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge. Behind him on the river bank is another Stalin's skyscraper- building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment. In front of the bridge, but on the other side of the river, you can see the bell tower with the Church of the Excavation of the Dead. And you will hardly be able to see the small Church of Sofia in Sredniye Sadovniki (to which the bell tower was erected), located behind the line of houses. In honor of this church, the embankment on the other side of the river is named Sophia. From there - also great view to the Kremlin. The line of the Kremlin wall from the corner Beklemishevskaya with the Petrovskaya, Tainitskaya, First and Second Nameless towers moves along the Moskva River and the Kremlin embankment. The Moscow River makes a sharp bend in the Kremlin area, like a loop. You can clearly see this in the panorama.
Now it’s worth looking back and examining the panorama of the Kremlin from a different point. We have already seen all this. It is worth focusing on the Temple of the Twelve Apostles, which was obscured when viewed from the Grand Kremlin Palace; you can also see the Tsar Cannon next to it. Nearby, as a continuation of the church, is the Patriarchal Chamber. The neighboring building (next to the Senate building) is the building of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee school. New buildings were built on the site of demolished ancient Kremlin monasteries.
We move through Red Square (temporarily leaving the Kremlin) to the roof of the GUM (Upper Trading Rows building). Right in front of us are Red Square, Lenin's Mausoleum, a cemetery near the Kremlin wall, the Senate Tower and the Senate building with domes (one of them with the country's flag). Moving the panorama to the right, we see the restored building of the Moscow Hotel. Turning back behind the long roofs shopping centers we see a panorama of the Kitay-Gorod area: the dome of the Epiphany Cathedral and the dome of the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands of the former Zaikonospassky Monastery. In the distance is the dome of the Northern Insurance Company building.
Next viewpoint virtual tour of the Kremlin - the roof of the House on the Embankment.
Next viewpoint. We move to the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge. Here you have a vivid view of the Kremlin and the Moscow River.
As part of our virtual tour of the Kremlin, we will walk through the squares and streets of the Kremlin.
We invite you to explore the spectacular, almost fabulous, interiors of the Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace yourself using the links on the website (see links Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace). It's worth it. Virtual tour of interior spaces palace, and even empty ones - it’s impressive.
3D overview in high quality, sightseeing walk along the Kremlin, panorama of Moscow streets.
3D Panorama of Moscow from a bird's eye view – Moscow from a quadcopter
An interesting 3D virtual walk around the capital of Russia, Moscow 3D panorama from a bird's eye view, from different and unusual angles, full virtual trip to Moscow, without leaving home, on the monitor screen - the Moscow Kremlin, Red Square, Novodevichy Convent, Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye...Unreal Moscow from a bird's eye view – Moscow from a quadcopter | Amazing View Of Moscow From Quadrocopter
Moscow 3D panorama – aerial photography of the Kremlin
Moscow – Kremlin, Moscow City, Grand TheatreMoscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, city federal significance. The largest city in Russia by population, it is among the top ten cities in the world by population. Moscow is the most important tourist and business center of Russia.
The city is the most important transport hub. Moscow is served by 5 airports, 9 railway stations, and 3 river ports. Operates in Moscow since 1935 (metro map)
- Overview of all 3D Panoramas on the map:
Moscow Kremlin and its famous architectural ensemble- the most visited tourist attraction in Moscow. However, the center of the Russian capital did not always look this way.
The history of the Kremlin and its reconstruction
The first wooden city fortification arose in ancient times. However, it did not look at all as large as after its reconstruction in white stone, which was carried out on the orders of Dmitry Donskoy. But the unreliability of the material forced Ivan III, already in the middle of the 15th century, to start building a large fortress from durable brick, which had previously undergone special firing.
And the first representatives of the Romanov dynasty contributed to the appearance of the Moscow Kremlin. If their predecessors built mainly churches and cathedrals, the new rulers began to erect secular buildings and palaces on the fortified territory. However, Peter I did not want to settle in the main residence of the Russian tsars. He moved to St. Petersburg, thereby giving Moscow and its golden-domed symbol a secondary status. But already in 1812, the invasion of Napoleon’s troops caused serious damage to many Kremlin buildings. However, the explosives planted by the French did not destroy everything, allowing the restoration of its former greatness and unique objects architecture.
Famous Big Kremlin Palace, built by order of Nicholas I in 1849, became the decoration of the fortress. However, more than half of the buildings of the ensemble were destroyed when the revolutionary-minded masses came to power at the beginning of the 20th century. The builders of communism, having declared war on religion, did not spare the ancient temples. Many of the majestic cathedrals were demolished, and the remaining buildings were converted to suit the needs of the Bolsheviks. The new leaders of the USSR returned the status of their residence to the main fortress of the country, closing access to it for outsiders.
The Kremlin in the 21st century
The modern appearance of the Moscow Kremlin with massive walls crowned by 80-meter jagged towers and 5-pointed stars on them, which became a legacy of the Soviet era that has passed into history, has become a symbol of Russian power and the main political and cultural center of the country. Rising above the Moscow River, the massive city fortification, covering an area of more than 27 hectares, has turned into a real brand of the capital. Over the course of many centuries, the fortress burned repeatedly, turning almost into ashes, and was again reborn from the ruins thanks to the efforts of Italian and Russian architects.
Today the Moscow Kremlin has turned not only into official residence and the representative office of the President of the Russian Federation, but almost its entire territory is open to the public. The museum complex, consisting of seven separate exhibition buildings, attracts many tourists. The world-famous Diamond Fund and the Armory Chamber contain thousands of copies of the great heritage of princely Rus', imperial Russia and the era of Bolshevism. Their exhibitions include: priceless royal jewelry, unique collectible weapons, works of famous jewelers, etc.
Guests of the Russian capital get acquainted with the decoration of the Patriarchal Chambers with interest and visit the Assumption Cathedral, which has become the tomb for almost all Russian church hierarchs. Unique museum complex continue: the Faceted Chamber, the Archangel and Annunciation Cathedrals, the Tsar Cannon, the Great Kremlin, Senate, Teremnoy and Poteshny palaces, the Tsar Bell, Tainitsky Garden, the Church of the Deposition of the Robe and the Arsenal building. However, this is not the entire list. famous buildings and historical monuments that are worth seeing when visiting the Moscow Kremlin.
We have two whole days off ahead at the end of the week. Of course, they need to be spent wisely and have a good rest before the next one. working week. I don’t know about you, but I don’t like to relax lying down all day in front of the TV - ideal for me leisure. So this weekend I suggest you go to a grand excursion to the Moscow Kremlin absolutely free!
During it you will be able to see what not every person gets to see. Don't believe me? Then answer: how many of you were in the office of the President of Russia and sat at his desk? Who was inside the Spasskaya Tower and saw the mechanism of the famous chimes? And this is not all that you will see during this amazing excursion...
Yes, perhaps many of you have already visited the Moscow Kremlin - after all, thousands of tourists visit here every day. Then you probably walked along Ivanovskaya Square, gazed in fascination at the architectural ensemble of Cathedral Square, and perhaps even went inside the Arkhangelsk and Assumption Cathedrals. However, the Kremlin keeps places where tourists are never allowed - this is the territory and buildings that are part of the residence complex of the President of Russia.
A virtual excursion to the Kremlin will open all these rooms and territories for you. They will appear before you in all their glory. You can even make out what books are in the office of the President of Russia and admire the beauty and sophistication of the ancient paintings of the Faceted Chamber. You will be able to look at everything in such detail and detail, as if you were there yourself.
Friends, creators of the virtual 3D tour of the Kremlin They created a really very valuable gift for us! We will be able not only to visit premises closed to tourists, but also to admire panoramas of almost the entire center of Moscow from a bird's eye view.
You will discover the city from angles that you had never imagined before: the view from the dome of the Grand Kremlin Palace, from the dome of the Senate, from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, from the roof of GUM, etc. Filming for this project took place over two years!
I completely forgot to say: you will be accompanied throughout the entire excursion by our famous, beloved actor Alexey Vladimirovich Batalov. His wonderful voice in a leisurely manner of presentation will tell you about many interesting facts those places where you will be transported.
It is very easy to move around the places where you will be transported. Everything is done using the mouse and does not cause any difficulties. You can look around, you can zoom in and out, you can immediately get historical information etc.
Well, friends, have I convinced you that a virtual excursion to the Kremlin is really worthwhile? I wish you a pleasant journey, which you can take right now!
Friends, maybe you have already visited the rooms and chambers of the Kremlin in reality? Share your impressions in the comments.