The population of Khujand for the year is: The city of Khujand is the cultural center of Tajikistan. Districts of Leninabad region
It is the second largest city in the country and one of the oldest in Central Asia. According to the 2018 census, it is home to more than 179 thousand people.
Khujand is located in a beautiful valley on the banks of the Syrdarya River, with mountains rising around it. Thanks to this location, the air in the city is fresh and clean. Khujand is not a modern metropolis, but rather an echo of Soviet and post-Soviet times. The streets of the city are calm and bright, and the people are friendly and helpful. In the markets you can buy very tasty, juicy and inexpensive fruits.
Khujand is an ancient city. No one can say exactly when people first settled here. The founding date of Khujand is considered to be 514 BC. e.
In the VI century. BC e. the city was conquered by Alexander the Great and was named Alexandria Eskhati. In the 8th century it was captured by the Arabs, and in the 13th century. - Tatar-Mongols, who almost completely destroyed the city. But thanks to its favorable location and the fact that trade routes passed through it, the city was restored. Over time it turned into major center science, culture, politics and trade.
In 1866, Khujand was conquered by the Russian Empire and received new opportunities for development. During the USSR, the city was renamed Leninabad.
How to get there
Khujand can be reached from the capital of Tajikistan or from Uzbekistan. A taxi from Tashkent will not cost too much. The route from Dushanbe runs through two mountain pass, the journey will take at least 5 hours.
There are trains from Dushanbe to Khujand, but this type of transport is not entirely convenient, since you have to cross the border with Uzbekistan, and inspection at Uzbek customs takes a lot of time and is scrupulous.
Planes fly from the capital to Khujand three times a day. This transportation option is not only convenient, but also allows you to admire the Pamirs from above. The airport is located 10 km from Khujand.
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Khujand- is big city Tajikistan and is considered the administrative center of the Sughd region of the country, located in the northern part of Tajikistan with a population of 255 thousand in 2016. Previously called the city Leninabad.
In Russian, the city is also known under the name “Khojent”. The city is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia and also the second largest city of the Republic of Tajikistan and important transport node, the political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. Khujand agglomeration with a population of half a million people.
Khojent is one of the windiest cities in Tajikistan and the climate in relation to Dushanbe is significantly colder. In 2019, enterprises in Khujand produced products worth about $115 million. USA where almost 60 enterprises operate.
Video of the city of Khojent:
Truly prosperous geographical location And climatic conditions Khujand. That is why the Fergana Valley, where it is located, is considered the pearl of Central Asia: the mountain landscape, the ever-flowing waters of the Syr Darya, clean air, green attire, an abundance of grapes, fruits and other gifts of nature make Khujand an eternally young city - a garden.
History of Khujand:
Khojent is not only the second largest city in Tajikistan, but also one of the most ancient cities in the world, which was founded during the time of Alexander the Great. Around 329 BC e his soldiers founded a fortress here, in which a significant garrison of Greek troops and a number of “barbarians” who became related to them were left, that is local residents. Of course, that fortress could not yet lay claim to the title of city.
But subsequently, thanks to the ideally selected strategic position and favorable climate, the settlement began to grow rapidly and soon became known as “Extreme Alexandria.”
For many centuries, scientists could not believe that that city and present-day Khojent were one and the same place. But after this fact was established, assumptions began to be made that the troops were unlikely to be able to create a city from scratch in such a short period of time: most likely, some earlier settlement that existed here long before the arrival of Alexander himself was taken as a basis.
Thanks to its excellent location and mild climate, Khojent has become a prosperous city in just a couple of centuries. shopping mall, which at that time had global significance, until it was almost completely destroyed by the troops of Tamerlane. However, it was soon rebuilt again.
Like all cities of that time, Khojent was divided into the city itself, the fortress and the suburbs, where numerous artisans lived. Restored by Timur himself, the city quickly began to play an even more significant role in trade, since at that time the Great Silk Road was actively beginning to develop. Until the end of the 15th century, the city was part of Tamerlane's empire.
By the end of the 19th century, the city had grown so much that it was no longer different in size from Bukhara, and even the bek, the ruler, had its own.
However, despite its size, the city was a typical representative of that time: incredibly narrow streets and adobe houses were cobbled together so closely that passers-by could get lost in this labyrinth for more than one day, never finding again the place from which they entered the city. The only way to reliably navigate it was to find out which quarter you were in.
Over the centuries, the city suffered huge losses and attacks from enemies due to disagreements between Bukhara and the Kokand people, who could not divide it. However, after joining Russia, the fighting stopped.
Contacts of the most important authorities of the city of Khojent ( city code 3422):
Khojent weather forecast:
Photo of the city of Khujand.
Market of the city of Khujand
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Enterprises of Khujand
| № | Business name | Unit | Products | Project capacity |
| 1. | JV "Textile City" | Ted. | Sewing products | 450 |
| 2. | JV "VT-Silk" | tons | Raw silk threads | 143,8 |
| 3. | JV "Javoni" | tons | - yarn | 2075 |
| pace | - cotton fabrics | 4110,6 | ||
| t.pcs. | - sewing products | 1900 | ||
| 4. | JSC Nurtex | t.sq.m | - cotton fabrics - batting | 190 |
| - | 195 | |||
| 5. | JSC "Poyafzolduzi Khujand" | t.steam | Shoes made of genuine leather for men and children | 300 |
| 6. | UPK-2 deaf | tone. | - cotton wool - sewing product | 720 |
| t.pcs. | 603 | |||
| 7. | PTK "Nigor" | m2 | - carpet products | 18000 |
| 8. | JSC Parviz | liter | Vodka | 291600 |
| 9. | JV "Khujand-Pakizhing" | t.u.b | Natural juices | 5000 |
| 10. | JSC "Khujandtorgmash" | PC. | - electric speed - electric boiler. | 1991 |
| PC. | 933 | |||
| 11. | JSC Avtoremzavod | thousand soms | Transport repair | 231,1 |
| 12. | JSC "Hunar" | t.s. | Metalwork and turning works | 380 |
| 13. | Regional Printing House | tl.o | 3446 | |
| 14. | Printing house K. Khujandi | tl.o | 106,8 | |
| 15. | JSC "Cannery" | m.u.b. | Canned fruits and vegetables | 46,7 |
| 16. | JV "Nurtex-2" | tone. | - cotton yarn | 115 |
| 17. | JSC "Almos" | PC. | - resonators | 36000 |
| 18. | JSC "Laal" | million pieces | Glassware in 0.5l terms | 89,2 |
| 19 | JSC "Maishat" | tone | Flour | 600 |
| 20 | JV "Sadaf-Chan-Yu" | thousand soms | Furniture | 390 |
| 21. | DP "Grand" | Thousand soms | Spare parts | 520 |
| 22. | JSC "SATN" | PC. | - sewing products | 1200000 |
| 23. | JV "Samo" | t.s. | Radio engineering | 320 |
| 24. | JSC "Ehyo" | tone. | - yarn - non-woven fabric | 282 |
| t.m2 | - cotton calico | 127 | ||
| t.m2 | 430 | |||
| 25. | Sayhun LLC | t.liter | Vodka | 264 |
| 26. | LLC "Sirandud" | thousand soms | Enamel. dishes | 1000 |
| 27. | LLC "Atlasi Khujand" | p.m. | Atlas | 100000 |
| 28. | JSC "Zinnat" | somoni | Sewing products | |
| 29. | LLC "MMK" | Dal. | - alcohol drinks | 50000 |
| Dal. | 180000 | |||
| 30. | LLC "Dusti Amirkhon" | Dal. | - soft drinks - beer | 204000 |
| Dal. | - confectionery | 2000 | ||
| tons | - TNP | 20 | ||
| somoni | 500000 | |||
| 31. | LLC "Textilimpex" | kW.m | Dukhoba | 162000 |
| 32. | LLC "Bread and Confectionery Enterprise" | tone. | Flour | 18000 |
| 33. | UPC "Blind" | somoni | consumer goods | 83600 |
| 34. | JV "Tochin-L" | somoni | Plastic products | 100000 |
| 35. | CJSC "Komron-Agro-Holding" | tone. | Milk products | 2190 |
| 36. | LLC "Niku-Khujand" | tone. | Cotton yarn | 2500 |
KHOJENT MAP
Additional Information
City `s history goes back to ancient times. Modern historical science believes that archaic Khujand existed during the Achaemenid dynasty, that is, before the troops of Alexander the Great arrived on the banks of the Syr Darya. Having captured the city, they fortified it, naming it after their commander Alexandria Eskhata (Extreme)
In subsequent periods, Khujand more than once had to find itself in the center historical events. In the 8th century it was captured by the Arabs in the 13th century. the city offered fierce resistance to the Mongol invaders, temporarily delaying the advance of Genghis Khan's hordes to the west.
Since ancient times, Khujand, being at the crossroads of trade routes of the East, was one of the most important economic, military-strategic and cultural centers of Transoxiana. The Great Silk Road passed through it, connecting ancient Greece, Rome, Asia Minor, Egypt, Iran with India, China and Japan.
Khujand was the birthplace of famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, and musicians. One of them is Abdumakhmud Khujandi, the founder of the local astronomical school, an outstanding authority in world science. “The Nightingale of Khujand” was called in the 14th century. Kamoli Khujandi - author of famous ghazals. Equally popular in the Middle Ages was the outstanding poetess, musician and dancer Mahasti. In the 19th century In Khujand, such cultural figures as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Hafiz, and Khoja Yusuf carried out active educational work.
In 1866 the city was conquered by the Russian army. The entry into the Russian Empire of Khujand, the center of a densely populated area with rich economic resources, the most important road junction between the Fergana Valley, the Tashkent oasis and the Zeravshan Valley, a large trading point, opened up new opportunities for the development of the population of the city and its environs. In 1916, Khujand was the first among the cities of Central Asia to openly oppose the colonial policy of tsarism, which tried to attract Tajiks, along with other peoples of the region, to participate in the First World War. In 1917, Soviet power was established in the city.
During the years of Soviet construction, enormous changes took place in the city in all areas of economic, social and cultural life. During the Great Patriotic War (1941-45), the people of Khujand, like all the sons of our Motherland, stood up to defend Soviet land. Thousands of city residents fought in the ranks of the Red Army against the Nazis.
In the post-war period, Khujand became the largest industrial and Cultural Center Tajikistan. The city's industry has become diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology. The pride of the people of Khujand was one of the largest enterprises in the republic, the silk factory. In 1991, dozens of enterprises in Khujand produced the same amount of industrial products per day as in the entire pre-revolutionary Tajikistan in a year. The industrial products of Khujand people were known far beyond the borders of our homeland. Only silk factory fabrics were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries.
Since the 60s, Khujand has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the first bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it.
During the years of Soviet power, radical changes took place in the field of healthcare. By 1991, there were 40 medical and preventive institutions in Khujand, employing about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical degrees. education.
Major changes have occurred in the field of public education. In 1991, there were 30 schools in Khujand, attended by about 30 thousand students.
In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened in Khujand, where there were only 26 students. Today, more than 10 thousand students study at 13 faculties of this university, which was transformed into Khujand State University in 1991.
During the post-war decades, literature and art reached a new peak in Khujand, a whole galaxy of poets and writers, artists and composers, and folk craftsmen grew up.
Khujand became more and more beautiful, acquiring the appearance of a large, industrially developed city. In 1986, it celebrated its 2500th anniversary since its founding. In connection with this Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.
The role and weight of ancient Khujand increased even more during the period of sovereign development of Tajikistan. It was here that the most important step was taken towards ending the fratricidal war and achieving national harmony on Tajik soil: the 16th session of the Supreme Council, held in Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and promoted a new leader to the political arena - E.Sh. Rakhmonov. Khujand people, faithful to the traditions of their fathers, with their daily work and active participation in public - political life, make a significant contribution to strengthening the economic power and territorial integrity of the country. They are confident in the speedy revival and prosperity of their beloved Tajikistan.
The main scientific editorial office of the Tajik Encyclopedias has begun preparing a number of encyclopedias about the cities of Tajikistan. Currently, the volume “Khujand” has been prepared, which contains over 2500 articles. The first version of the encyclopedia vocabulary was prepared and discussed back in 1983. Then it was repeatedly discussed and revised, reviewed in Khujand. As a result, the encyclopedia has become capacious and compact.
It includes articles on geography, history, economics, science and culture, literature and art, topography, religious and architectural monuments, sports facilities, industrial and commercial enterprises, scientific and pedagogical institutions, libraries, and ancient quarters of the city. A large place in the encyclopedia is occupied by pre-revolutionary history and representatives of various areas of the material and spiritual culture of the city.
In the process of preparing the dictionary, we had to overcome many difficulties and solve scientific and methodological problems. The main problem there was a selection of personalities for this encyclopedia. The following principles were developed: those who were born, studied, worked or work in the city; scientists whose research is devoted to the city and its suburbs. In accordance with these principles, it included articles about prominent government, party and public figures, famous scientists, writers and poets, artists and composers, Heroes Soviet Union and Socialist Labor, holders of honorary titles, holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees, two military orders received at the front, the first teachers, notable people of production, doctors and candidates of science, veterans of public education.
In addition, the encyclopedia includes party and Soviet workers, chairmen of the city executive committee and regional executive committee who different years made a great contribution to the development of the city. Some of the articles were included in accordance with letters and recommendations of the regional Hukumat, city authorities, and the city Majlis of People's Deputies.
The encyclopedia contains this article at the beginning, and then the materials are arranged in alphabetical order. The authors sought to unify the titles of articles, avoiding such “uniformity” as “Marasa..”, “Street...”, etc.
The book is equipped with illustrations and photographic documents. It is intended for a wide range of readers. The publication is a kind of experiment for further work on encyclopedias of other cities of Tajikistan and we are far from thinking that we managed to avoid omissions and shortcomings. All critical comments from readers will be received with gratitude.
The encyclopedia materials reflect the situation in 1998. The editorial board and the team of authors, realizing the need to make a number of adjustments in connection with the rapid changes of our time, at the same time did not have the opportunity to do this. In the names of institutions, organizations, honorary titles, etc. their officially valid names have been preserved.
Nature of Khujand
General information. Khujand – administrative center Leninabad region of the Republic of Tajikistan, the second city in the republic in terms of number of inhabitants and volume of industrial production. It is located in the intermountain passage leading to the Fergana Valley, on the most important caravan trade route of antiquity. The Syrdarya River flows within the city boundaries. From the city center to the railway Leninabad station – 11 km, to Dushanbe – 341 km. Khujand is connected by railways, air and highways. Pl. – about 0.3 thousand km, population 258 thousand people. (2019).
Relief. The Khujand oasis occupies a wide strip on the left bank terraces of the Syrdarya and the alluvial cones of its tributaries - Khojabakyrgan, Isfana, Oksu. From the north they approach it almost closely Rocky Mountains Mevagul (Mogoltau), separated by the bed of the Syr Darya, from the south - the foothills of the Turkestan ridge. Situated in an intermountain depression at an altitude of about 350-400 m, the oasis serves as a natural access from the vast Turanian plains to the densely populated Fergana Valley. In the west, the oasis adjoins the Hungry Steppe (Mirzachul), and in the east, a narrow bridge between the Kairakkum reservoir and the Belesynik mountain range connects with the Kanibadam oasis. The flat terrain, only varied here and there by low ridges and hills, is favorable for irrigated agriculture and convenient for communications. The right bank part of Khujand until recently was a lifeless desert, the left bank, the largest in area, has been inhabited since ancient times. M. Hasanova.
Geological structure. The city is located on the southwestern tip of the Middle Tien Shan, composed of Paleozoic sedimentary metamorphic strata, intrusive rocks breaking through it and above a thick cover Fergana depression. The right bank part of the city is being built along the southern wing of Mevagul. The geological structure consists of rocks of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. The Lower Paleozoic consists of a sequence of metamorphosed sandy-shale deposits of the Ordovician-Silurian, with a total thickness of about 4 thousand m. Within Mount Mevagul, the Ordovician-Silurian deposits in the section include: spotted hornfels, fine-grained quartz sandstones with shale interlayers. The total thickness of the section is about 1300 m. Middle Paleozoic deposits are represented by the formation of carbonate strata in Mevagul. In the area of the ore fault, the thickness of conglomerates and arkosic sandstones has been cut off. It lies with large sandy-shale deposits of the Ordovician-Silurian. The thickness of the layer is 400-450 m. Sedimentary-volcanogenic formations in most cases create difficulties during research.
Based on the stratigraphic division of the Upper Paleozoic, many researchers use the general scheme of N.N. Vasilkovsky, which generally covers the wider Karamazar region in Northern Tajikistan. Intrusive formations are mainly represented by rocks of the Hercynian tectonomagmatic cycle. The rocks on the right bank of the Syrdarya River mainly consist of granitoids of the Kurama botalite (Muzbek massif). Granitoids are multiphase intrusions. The Muzbek massif is located in the central part of Mevagul and is represented by rocks of four phases: gabbro and quartz diorites, biotites, porphyritic biotites, leucogranites and its vein-magmatic formations. The area of the intrusion is more than 200 sq. km. Gabbro-diorites and quartz diorites of the Andigon stock are developed in the northeastern part of Khujand. From east to west they are replaced by granodiorites of the second intrusive phase (area 110 km2). From the Chashma area to the Uchteppa tract it is composed of rocks of biotite and horn-deceive granites (area 66 sq. km.).
The Mevagul Mountains are rich in minerals. On an area of more than 350 sq. km. There are on average up to 50 points of mineralization zones, ore occurrences and deposits of lead-zinc, skarn, iron ore and non-metallic types. The most typical are the tungsten deposits of Chorukh-Darona, copper-molybdenum Yangikon, skarn-hyellite Khanrabata and Tomchi, polymetallic, iron ore Khanrabata and Tomchi, polymetallic, iron ore, skarn-gyellite, quartzfluorite, etc. Building materials are also widespread - sand, crushed stone, gravel , skarn rocks, gabbro and granodiorites, quartz, etc.
Quartz sand is used in the glass industry. Main minerals: quartz, fluorite, borite, calcium, as well as limonium, malachite, tungsten, bismuth and other polymetallic ores.
Central Asia, what could be better? It seems that traveling around Tajikistan promised to be as friendly and easy as in Uzbekistan. From the realization of this fact, the mood at the beginning of the day immediately rises by 150% and I want to immediately go to conquer the sights of Khujand, which is what we were going to do today. However, “according to Archimedes’ law,” breakfast first.Sights of the city of Khujand.
Here he is - Khujand! The second largest city (after the capital) in Tajikistan, which, over its multi-thousand-year history (about 2500 years), can “boast” that
- it was here in the 5th century BC. Alexander the Great himself built the legendary city of Alexander Eskhata;
- later the city was one of the most important centers, through which the Great Silk Road passed;
- after the Russians arrived here, a Railway, and the city was renamed until 1990 to Leninabad, after which industry began to develop sharply.
As we understand, this is all in the past. What is Khujand like at the present time? This is what we have to find out today.
There were a few kilometers left to the city, we decided that we would overcome them in the same way - by hitchhiking. As it turned out, the decision was made correctly, because a few minutes later a car with a Tajik couple stopped. The guys were cheerful and talkative, I don’t even remember how we ended up on Panjshanbe Square.
This is because in the western part of the square there is a monument of folk architecture of the 16th century - Sheikh Muslihiddin complex. Architectural ensemble comprises:
- Masjidi Jami Cathedral Mosque,
- minaret about 20 m high,
- and ancient burials.
For me personally, that resurrection was memorable big amount people and... gypsies. That's where it is, but here I didn't expect to see these beggars. I have already developed an immunity to this kind of “comrades”, but once again communication with them proved to me that I should not follow their lead. Imagine a picture, with an outstretched hand and a voice pressing on pity, a young woman with gold earrings in her ears and a child in her arms, dressed in diapers, approaches. There is no other way to call it “impudence”.
To correct our mood, Mila and I turned 180 degrees and headed towards the pavilion with the inscription “Panchshanbe”, which means “Thursday” in Tajik.
For those who haven’t guessed yet, this is one of the largest indoor markets in Central Asia. And Thursday because it was on this day every week that the biggest trade was here. There are also plenty of people on Sunday, I must admit.
After jostling between the shops and smelling all sorts of oriental aromas, we took a walk around the center. Looking for "Star of Khujand" square We came across this house, decorated in the style of Tajik traditions. As it turned out, when approaching the front door, it was just a restaurant. However, it attracts attention.
We came to a square with fountains and a monument to the great local poet Kamol Khujandi We saw it too, although we didn’t take a photo of it. Who knew that it was on the list of must-see attractions in the city? 😉
By the way, Khujand is the only Tajik city that is located on large river, whose name is Syrdarya. Do you also want to divide the word into two parts? 🙂
The river is easy to see as it flows right through the city center. True, it doesn’t cause any special impressions, so we move on to the next attraction, or rather to an integral part of the city’s fortification system - Khujand fortress.
The first mention of the fortress appeared in the 6th-7th centuries. In those days, Khujand consisted of three parts: the citadel (on the banks of the Syr Darya), Shakhristan and Rabad. The medieval Khujand fortress was considered one of the most fortified in Central Asia.
Historians say that after the Mongol invasion, the fortress was razed to the ground, and only at the beginning of the 15th century they began to gradually restore it. Now in front of us is an ordinary restored wall, through the main entrance of which we enter the museum.
By the way, next to the fortress there is a green park alley, where we went immediately after the inspection in order to hide from the hot sun in the shade. We were also lucky in that just at that time a whole crowd of children was passing by, it looked like a “children’s wedding” (the celebration of “circumcision” in our opinion).
Currently, the city is the industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan with hospitable residents. Quite quiet and in general it is enough to spend a day or even half a day to get acquainted with it historical places. That's probably all that the city of Khujand can boast of.
On one of the main streets Mila and I found bus stop. Here it must be said that Tajikistan has generally abandoned the “large” public transport such as buses, trolleybuses, etc. Instead, on the roads we see only route “gazelles” or even a passenger car-bus. Like this? An ordinary car, only the route number is attached to the windshield, you climb into it and drive away, just like on a bus. The only problem is with the number of free seats :).
The stop was not useful to us, because a Tajik suddenly offered us a ride in a passenger car. True, only outside the city, but that was already enough. Where do you think we're headed? That's right, in! And to get to the capital of Tajikistan we will have to overcome the most interesting and at the same time dangerous section of the road, 380 km long - . As always, I will talk about this in the next article, and I advise you to subscribe to our blog news so as not to miss this event :). Happily!
Administrative center of the Sughd region. It is located in the picturesque valley of the Syrdarya River at an altitude of more than three hundred meters above sea level. Today Khujand is the largest industrial and cultural center of Northern Tajikistan and the second most important city of the republic with a population of 155 thousand 400 people (2009). Representatives of more than 20 nations and nationalities live here.
Today Khujand is an important transport hub, political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. There is an airport and railroad station Khujand, located 11 km from the center of Khujand, in the village of Gafurov.
Name
Currently official name cities in Russian - Khujand. From the moment the city's territory became part of the Russian Empire until 1936, it was called Khojent.
Then, on January 10, 1936, the city was renamed Leninabad in honor of V.I. Lenin. And already on February 26, 1991, after the country gained independence, its historical name was returned to the city, and it officially turned into Khujand.
History of Khujand
Khujand, along with cities such as Bukhara and Samarkand, was one of most famous civilization centers of science and culture in Central Asia, a city that has attracted attention since ancient times with the hospitality of its residents, talented scientists, artisans and craftsmen. It has been known in historical sources since the 7th century.
The city attracts the attention of tourists with its numerous medieval citadels, as well as the mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Musleheddin (17-18 centuries).
Khujand has a rich centuries-old history. In the past, it has been called the “Crown of the World” by scientists, poets and writers.
Initially, the city was founded during the time of the Kayanid king Kaykubod, and flourished and became even more beautiful during the reign of the Persian king from the Achaemenid dynasty - Darius. After the conquest of Varazrud (Central Asia) by Alexander the Great, the city began to be called Alexandria Eskhata (Extreme Alexandria).
Medieval historians, geographers and travelers in their works mention Khujand as a city of magnanimous, generous people, with developed science and crafts, fertile fields and gardens, and classify it as “the fifth the best climate" According to scientists and historians, since ancient times gold, silver, copper, mercury, tin and other valuable metals have been mined in the mountains around Khujand.
Representatives of the Oli Khujand dynasty enjoyed special respect and veneration in the East - people from Khujand who invariably occupied high government positions; the figures of this dynasty evoked a deep response in the hearts of people with their intelligence and knowledge, nobility and foresight. That is why the great 12th century poet Hokoni Shirvani says with sincere love: “One can endlessly talk about Khujand, about its people - talented poets, sweet-sounding singers and gentle dancers, famous scientists and unsurpassed artisans. But it’s better to see once.”
The Great Silk Road passed through the city's territory, so the city had a constant connection with world civilization and developed economically and spiritually. The merchants of Khujand exported the best products of local artisans to other states, and returned from their travels enriched with the achievements of science and civilization from almost the entire world. However, on the other hand, all this kindled the interest of the conquerors in this prosperous corner of the earth. The streets and squares of the city saw the Greco-Macedonians, Arab invaders, hordes of cruel Karakitaev and Genghis Khan, and experienced the cruel tyranny of Timur, Sheibanids, Ashtarkhanids. Many turbulent events swept over the city over 25 centuries, but, nevertheless, its image did not fade in the thousand-year darkness; Over time, he only became younger and more beautiful.
The greatness of the city in the history of world civilization is evidenced by the pages of its chronicle associated with the names of outstanding scientists and poets of the East, such as Abumakhmudi Khujandi, Kamoli Khujandi, Mahasti, Koshifi, Toshkhuji Asiri, famous traveler Khoja Yusuf, composer and singer Sodirkhon Khofiz. The legendary Tehmosi and Temurmalik were also outstanding statesmen. The city often suffered from raging elements, was almost completely destroyed by floods, but through the work of the people it was revived again. On the territory of Khujand there is the Khujand Citadel, built in the early Middle Ages and functioning until the beginning of the 20th century.
After the annexation of Central Asia to Russia in 1866, Khojent became one of the centers of the revolutionary movement in Tajikistan. Social democratic organizations began to emerge here, and the national liberation labor movement began to actively develop. Following St. Petersburg and Tashkent, Soviet power was established in this region in November 1917.
In the 50-60s, Khujand actively expanded its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it. The right bank part included a vast park area with beaches and sports facilities.
Year after year, Khujand became more and more beautiful, rapidly acquiring the appearance of a large, industrially developed city. In 1986, it celebrated its anniversary - its 2500th anniversary.
Historical sights of Khujand
Khujand fortress. This fortress was once an integral part of the city’s fortification system. It was founded in the 6th - 5th centuries BC. During archaeological excavations carried out by the North Tajik Archaeological Complex Expedition, it was found that the Khujand fortress was first surrounded by an embankment, and later by a wall of considerable thickness made of adobe. The city and the citadel - components of ancient Khujand, had separate fortress walls, surrounded by a wide and deep ditch filled with water. The remains of these fortifications were discovered under the central part of the left bank of Khujand; they surround the territory ancient city with an area of 20 hectares.
With the development of the economy, trade, government system and population growth, the city gradually expanded. In the 6th - 7th centuries it was erected new fortress. Khujand during the Middle Ages consisted of three main parts: the citadel, Shakhristan and Rabad. The citadel was located on the banks of the Syr Darya at the gates of Rabad.
The medieval Khujand fortress was considered one of the most fortified in Central Asia.
In 1219 - 1220, during the invasion of Genghis Khan and his troops, a 25,000-strong army with 50,000 Central Asian captives was sent to besiege the city. The heroic defense of the Khujand fortress and the island located near it on the Syr Darya under the leadership of Timurmalik became one of the most significant events in the history of Tajikistan and the entire Tajik region.
As a result of the Mongol invasion, the Khujand fortress was destroyed. According to historian Khofiz Abru, at the beginning of the 15th century the fortress lay in ruins. According to Zakhiriddin Babur, already at the end of the same century the fortress was restored and was the residence of the local ruler.
Masjidi Jami Mosque. The mosque was built in 1512 - 1513. The ivan, consisting of 30 columns, adjoins the eastern wall of the winter hall, also multi-columned (20 columns) and enters the courtyard of the mosque.
The long southern wall of the mosque without any openings faces Sharq Street. Just to the right, on the edge of the wall, there is a darvoza-khona entrance device with a deep peshtak - a portal. The arrangement of columns in the mosque is subject to a modular grid: six rows of four columns (30 modular squares) are repeated on the ivan, and five rows of four columns are repeated in the winter room. The two middle columns on the northern facade of the ivan are decorated with carvings to the full height and carry an elevated part of the architrave with massive inlaid stalactites that preserve the remains of painting. At the entrance and above the mihrab, three plank squares of the ceiling are painted, but the paints have darkened greatly and some have fallen off. The walls are covered with good carved decoration, mostly geometric motifs. Both doors of the winter hall are distinguished by fine, elegant carvings. The roof of the mosque is flat earthen with clay and adobe coating. The foundation on which the walls of the building stand is made of baked bricks. The courtyard of the mosque is limited from the east and partly from the north by one-story hudjras.
In the north-eastern part of the courtyard there is a minaret with a traditional lantern, decorated with arched openings, from which it opens beautiful panorama cities. The entrance portal, facing Shark Street, is distinguished by tiled cladding and carved ganch panels on the facade. The high portal represents only a decorative front wall made of baked bricks, complemented on the north side by two-story adobe buildings with a wooden ivan on top.
The mosque, as a whole, has a surprisingly harmonious image and is a magnificent example of the synthesis of decorative art and construction culture of Khujand.
Monument to Kamol Khujandi. The monument was erected in 1996 in honor of the 675th anniversary of the poet’s birth. It is located on Star Square of Khujand. The background depicts wings, personifying the holiness of man and at the same time denoting the wings of inspiration of poetry. The poet's face is turned towards the place of his birth and towards the sunset. The height of the sitting figure is 3.5 m, the height of the wings is 5.5 m.
In order to show the image of a strong, spiritually rich man who has made many travels, the sculpture was specially created barefoot, in accordance with the existing canons of the beauty of the human body, embodied in the sculpture.
Tourism
In addition to its ancient attractions, Khujand can offer tourists some types of active tours. Not far from Khujand is the famous Kairakkum reservoir. It arose as a result of the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Syrdarya River. Mild climate, unusual beautiful nature, the transparent surface of the man-made lake provides an opportunity to actively relax here: boat rides, windsurfing, fishing, excursions to archaeological sites.
The cost of a flight always depends on the time of travel. The chart will allow you to compare prices for air tickets to Khujand, track the dynamics of changes in their cost and find the best offer.
Statistics will help determine the season of low prices. For example, in August prices reach an average of 28,680 rubles, and in March the cost of tickets drops to an average of 18,111 rubles. Plan your trip now!
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What is more profitable – to buy air tickets in advance, avoiding the general rush, or to take advantage of a “hot” offer closer to the departure date? The chart will help you determine best time to purchase air tickets.
See how the price of air tickets to Khujand changed depending on the time of purchase. Since the start of sales, their value has changed by an average of 32%. The minimum price for a flight to Khujand is 53 days before departure, approximately 21,230 rubles. The maximum price for a flight to Khujand is 50 days before departure, approximately 31,556 rubles. In most cases early booking helps you save money, take advantage of it!
The cost of air tickets to Khujand does not represent a fixed and constant amount. It depends on many factors, including the day of departure. The dynamics of changes are visible on the graph.
According to statistics, the most affordable option for flights to Khujand is on Fridays, their average cost is 23,059 rubles. The most expensive flights are on Sundays, their average cost is 25,814 rubles. It is worth considering that flights to pre-holiday days, as a rule, more expensive. We hope this information will help you plan your travels more effectively.