Seven wonders of ancient Greece. Ancient Greek wonders of the world Download presentation wonders of ancient Greece

Delphi. Temple of Apollo. Delphic Oracle.

Delphi was a significant, religious, influential city in ancient Greece. He famous Temple of Apollo and the Delphic Oracle. Temple of Apollo built on the southern slope of Mount Parnassus at an altitude of 700 meters above sea level in 369 - 339 BC. The sayings were carved on the pediment of the temple - “ Know yourself”, “Nothing superfluous”, Image of the letter “E”. Inside the temple there were: a laurel tree, a sacred spring, a white marble Omphalus(sacred stone - center of the earth) with two golden eagles, golden Apollo statue. Predictions and prophecies were given to Apollo by the Pythia (female priestesses), who entered a state of trance due to the toxic gases emanating from a fracture in the rock and the ethylene content in the stream. The result was analyzed and interpreted (the Priests of Apollo are men) and as a result, predictions were given that could be interpreted in two ways. The Delphic oracle lasted more than 1000 years. IN Delphi every 4 years, in honor of Apollo, the second most important after the Olympic ones were held - Pythian games. Types of competitions: musical (playing the flute and cithara with and without singing), theatrical, dance, painting competitions, and later athletic competitions and chariot competitions were added. The winner was given an apple and a laurel wreath as rewards. From 394 AD Pythian games not carried out: prohibited by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I as pagan.

The first Theater in the world in Greece. Unsurpassed acoustics.

It has been delighting viewers for 2.5 thousand years. This is the largest surviving ancient theater. This is the place where he lives to this day spirit of the drama god Dionysius. There was a huge healing center next to the theater, and music was used in healing therapy. The theater was built in 340 - 330 BC. under the direction of architect Polykleitos the Younger. He built a round platform for performances, around which he placed 32 rows of spectator stone seats (later 23 more were added) for 14 thousand seats and a two-story skene (stage). The latter was painted as a backdrop for the production, and was also used for the first special effects. The structure of the theater amplifies the sound of the human voice by reflecting sound from the stone and by using resonators tuned to the desired frequencies and embedded in the walls. After archaeological excavations were carried out between 1870 and 1926, the theater was reopened. The first performance took place in 1938. This ancient source of inspiration still attracts viewers.

- Ancient Greek bronze statue of the sun god Helios, patron saint of Fr. Rhodes for the harbor in Lindos. The statue of the Colossus of Rhodes is one of the seven wonders of the world And one of the seven wonders of ancient Greece. Construction of the statue began in 305 BC. under chicken farming sculptor Hares with money from the sale of siege engines of Demetrius I Poliorcetes and lasted 12 years. Archaeological excavations have shown that the statue stood on a hill overlooking the bay, where it is now located medieval castle. The construction was carried out from the feet upward, so an earthen mound was built around the statue. D wooden frame covered with bronze sheets, and stones were poured inside for stability. It took about 200 tons of bronze to make the statue. The statue stood for about 60 years and was destroyed in 224 BC. during an earthquake. The fragments of the statue lay in this state for more than a thousand years. This statue inspired French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi to create Statue of Liberty.

Olympic Games in Greece.

The birth of the ancient Olympic Games took place back in the 8th century BC. It all started in Olympia in Greece with a 200-meter race in honor of the truce between two warring cities. After which the games were held every 4 years in August and were closed in 394 by order of Emperor Theodosius I. As a result of archaeological excavations carried out in Olympia at the end of the 19th century, the ruins of buildings intended to host the Olympic Games were found: palaestra, gymnasium and stadium. The gymnasium had a large courtyard for training, which was decorated with statues of athletes, and it also kept lists of winners and a list of the Olympics. In the center of the gymnasium courtyard there was a palaestra - a stone building intended for various types of exercises. The stadium was built in 330-320 BC. with dimensions: 212.5 m long and 28.5 m wide. It was equipped with stands and separate seats for judges. The stadium's capacity was about 45,000 spectators. The winner of the Olympic Games received a laurel wreath, an olive branch, recognition and respect of the entire people. The names of the winners were used in the Greek calendar and carved on marble columns installed on the banks of the Alpheus River. Thanks to this tradition, the date and name of the first winner is known: 776 BC. e. ; Corab is a cook from Elis. Tradition Olympic Games was revived at the end of the 19th century thanks to Pierre de Coubertin.

Myth - the disappeared city of Atlantis.

Myth about legendary island Atlantis originated in Ancient Greece and was continued in the works of Plato - the dialogues “Timaeus” and “Critias”. The myth of Atlantis says that there once existed a huge island. By lot he came into possession god of the seas Poseidon during the division of the earth between three brother gods: Zeus, Hades and Poseidon. Initially, a family lived on the island: husband Eunor with his wife Livkippa and daughter Cleito, who became the wife of Poseidon and gave birth to 5 pairs of twins. WITH the eldest son's name was Atlas, the island was named after him Atlantis. So the people of Atlanta began to live on the island and a highly developed civilization with a large army and navy was formed. But in the end they began to use knowledge and achievements of science and culture for evil. Therefore, Zeus was angry with them: in one day and one night, the island of Atlantis disappeared, plunging into the sea. According to the texts Plato, this happened in the 10th millennium BC. Plato's student, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, was sure that Atlantis was completely fictional (“Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer”). For more than two millennia, debates about reality have not subsided Atlantis Islands and the search for the great lost civilization does not stop. Many archaeologists are trying to find and link their excavations to Atlantis, but so far precise evidence has not been presented. Meanwhile, time passes, and the chances of finding the remains of an entire city surviving on the seabed are decreasing.

Parthenon(translated means virgin temple) – temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. He built in the very center of the Athens Acropolis on a sacred hill 30 meters wide and 70 meters long. It is built entirely from white Pentelic marble, mined nearby. The Parthenon was built from 447 to 438 BC. under the direction of the architect Callicrates according to the design of Iktin. Decorated in 438-431 BC. as planned by Phidias. Many lines of the temple only seem straight; in fact, there are no straight lines in it. The builders took into account all optical deviations to make the temple look perfect. From whatever point you look at it, all the lines seem straight and parallel. Marble blocks were ground and adjusted to size, the blocks were fastened with staples and filled with lead. Inside the temple stood goddess Athena statue— masterpiece of ivory and gold on a wooden frame. The height of the statue is 12 meters, and over a ton of gold was spent on construction. The 157-meter-long frieze depicted the annual procession in honor of Athena. The statue has not survived. - this is a colossal revelation of architecture, this is a complete fusion of stone with the art of its processing, with geometry, proportionality and form. This is an achievement that has not been repeated for a thousand years.

Topic: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Municipal budgetary educational institution Sadovskaya secondary school branch of the village of Lozovoye, Lozovoye village, Tambov district, Amur region
MHC. 7th grade Compiled by teacher of Russian language and literature Efimova N.V.

Homework check: What is art? What types of art are there? What are the means of expression in literature? In music? In painting? What is an ideal? The ideal of a person in different eras? What is the ideal in our time? What should an ideal person be like in your opinion? What qualities would you choose for an ideal person?

I saw your walls, Babylon, on which there was room for chariots; I saw Zeus in Olympia, The miracle of the hanging gardens of Babylon, the colossus of Helios, And the pyramids - the work of many and hard labors; And I saw Mausolus’s huge tomb. But as soon as I saw Artemis’s palace, its roof raised to the clouds, Everything else faded before him; outside the boundaries of Olympus. The sun does not see beauty equal to it anywhere. Antipater of Sidon (II -I centuries BC)

Art is a “mirror”. Look into it - and you will see yourself, people, their era. Once upon a time in a small country on the shore Mediterranean Sea, in ancient Greece, people would get together and start talking about amazing countries and distant cities and about the “seven wonders of the world.” The Seven Wonders of the World - this is what they call famous in ancient times architectural structures and statues. Millennia separate us from those distant times.

Miracles are scattered throughout the earthly world: 1. Pyramids - Egypt 2. Hanging Gardens - Babylon 3. Statue of Zeus - Greece 4. Temple of Artemis - Ephesus (modern Turkey) 5. Tomb of Mausolus - Halicarnassus (southwest Turkey) 6. Colossus of Rhodes – island in the Mediterranean Sea (Greece) 7. Lighthouse in Alexandria – Faros island (Egypt)

The ancient Greeks loved to travel and talk about what they saw in distant countries. One such traveler was a certain Philo, who lived in the 4th-3rd centuries. BC e. You and I have the opportunity to get acquainted with the first page of Philo’s diary, where he describes the seven wonders of the World he saw.

Egyptian pyramid of Cheops in Giza
2550 BC e. Tomb of Pharaoh Cheops Height – 147 m Area – 230x230 m (more than 54000 m2) The only “miracle” that has survived to us
Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time itself is afraid of the pyramids. Arabic proverb

Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Babylon (Iraq)
600 BC e. Created for the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar II. Destroyed by an earthquake (after the 1st century BC)
It is impossible to return there and it is impossible to tell how this Garden of Eden was filled with bliss. Arseny Tarkovsky

Statue of Zeus in Olympia (Greece)
435 BC, sculptor Phidias Temple statue in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia Height - about 12 m Burnt in Constantinople during a fire at the Hippodrome of the 5th-6th centuries.

Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (Türkiye)
550 BC e. Built in honor of the goddess Artemis Width – 51 m Length – 105 m. Consisted of 127 columns 8 m high. In 356 BC. burned by Herostratus
Archaeological excavations in Ephesus. Layers of silt several meters thick cover the ruins of the Temple of Artemis.
Many-breasted Artemis of Ephesus (copy of the statue of their face)

Mausoleum of Mausolus in Halicarnassus (Türkiye)
351 BC e. Erected as a tombstone for the Carian ruler Mausolus by his wife, Queen Artemisia. The total height of the mausoleum is 49 m. Destroyed by the earthquake of 1494.
Ruins of the mausoleum today

Colossus of Rhodes (Greece)
290 BC, sculptor Haresom Installed to perpetuate the memory of the victory of Rhodes over Demetrius (304 BC) Height - about 36 m Destroyed by the earthquake of 225 BC. (bronze case dismantled in 654 AD)

Alexandria Lighthouse (Egypt)
III century BC e. The light of the lighthouse showed the way for ships entering the harbor. Height – 135 m Destroyed by an earthquake in 796. AD (lasted for about 1000 years)

Of the 7 beautiful creations, only the Pyramids have reached us. The rest were not spared by time, but preserved by memory. In classical antiquity, people were fascinated by the seven wonders of the world, but now there are many more known. Wonders of the world include the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome and much more. Amazing creations of human hands are fraught with many secrets and mysteries.
Great Wall of China (near Beijing) III century BC -1644.
Coliseum. Italy. Rome. 72-80 AD

Practical work. The Seven Wonders of the World are (what?) cultural monuments.

Reinforcing the material During the lesson, we traveled around Ancient world. What countries did we visit? Which wonder of the world do you remember most? Why exactly this? What would you add as the eighth wonder of the world?

Literature Lurkomorye – http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1% 81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0 Wikipedia – https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D1% 87%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0

Ancient Greece keeps many secrets. The architecture and sights of this beautiful country are vibrant and amazing, so much so that some of them are called wonders of the world. Among these wonderful sites are the Parthenon, the Temples of Artemis and Apollo, the Mycenaean Walls and the Ancient Theater of Epidaurus, the Palace of Knossos and the Statue of Zeus, as well as the Monastery of St. Peter and the recently reconstructed stadium in Athens. Below we will talk about all the wonders of the world of ancient Greece.

Knossos palace

This palace is located on the island of Crete. It is also called the "Labyrinth of the Minotaur". The palace is built from a variety of stones, and surprises all tourists with its scale. The palace is surrounded by a complex of stones that resembles a labyrinth. A long time ago, the king's family and their servants lived in this palace. Absolutely each of the apartments had a kitchen, pantry, workshop and bathroom. Order and beauty are what always reigned in the palace. On the walls one could see frescoes with images from the life of the ancient Greeks. At that time, water supply and sewerage already existed in Greece. The palace itself was discovered in the 20th century; the palace was excavated for about 30 years. In the palace great amount premises and rooms (according to estimates, more than 1,500 thousand). All rooms are connected by stairs and numerous corridors. There are windows everywhere, and wells are located throughout the palace for illumination at night. Of the total number of rooms in the palace, more than a hundred rooms were intended only for balls and feasts. A throne room, treasuries and even a theater were discovered in the palace.

Walls of Mycenae

The huge walls of Mycenae amaze tourists to this day. This structure relates to the legends of the Cyclops. The stones from which the walls are made are incredibly large. The walls reach a height of more than 8 meters and a width of approximately 5 meters. There are stone lions on the walls. The Greeks consider these walls to be their protective talisman.

Parthenon

The Parthenon Temple stands on top of the Acropolis. It was built back in 400. BC, in honor of Athena. The way the Parthenon looks amazes everyone - from architecture connoisseurs to passing tourists who know nothing about architecture. The Parthenon was erected using the oblique construction method. There are no straight lines, even the columns are uneven. In the temple a couple of centuries ago there was a statue of Athena, which was made of gold and elephant bone. The statue was up to 10 meters high, but, unfortunately, it did not survive to our times. The Parthenon is 30 meters wide and approximately 70 meters long. The architects who built the Parthenon ordered workers to grind the marble blocks so that they were identical. And these blocks were fastened together using lead fill and staples.

Erechtheion Temple

The temple is located slightly north of the Parthenon. This temple is in the Ionic style and was built around the 5th century BC. The structure itself looks simply impeccable, and the columns are made in the form of Caryatids figures.

Temple of Apollo

A temple was built in Arcadia in honor of Apollo. It was built after the Parthenon was completed. The temple itself differs from the Parthenon in that every year the temple rotates by about half a degree. Externally, the temple is in the Doric style, but inside the Ionic style is visible. One of the columns is made in the Corinthian style. Sculptures from the temple, which were repeatedly stolen (they were discovered after the temple itself was discovered), are in the British Museum.

Theater of Epidaurus

Everyone knows this theater. A reasonable construction, which is made specifically so that the sounds occurring in the middle of the theater can be heard throughout all the steps around. There is no such acoustics anywhere in the world. Sounds are reflected from stones, and even a quiet conversation will be heard. And the resonators built into the walls are tuned to a certain wavelength, helping to improve the sound and its quality. The construction of the theater was completed in the 2nd century BC, but it was found only in the 19th century. In the theater, you can clearly separate the stage, orchestra pit and seats for the audience. The entire theater, except the stage, is perfectly preserved. The stage itself is surrounded by ruins. This theater was dedicated to the god Dionysus.

Monastery of St. Paul

The monastery is located on a very steep slope, where there are 15 chapels. This monastery was built around the 14th century. Since then, the monastery has suffered from fires several times, but it has always been restored.

The Colossus of Rhodes

This statue is officially listed as a wonder of the world. In ancient Greek mythology there is such a god as Helios, who patronized the island of Rhodes. It was on this island that the statue was erected. It was built over 10 years. The statue itself was enormous in height and width. The legs of the Colossus were a huge arch through which ships sailed. The statue was erected gradually, starting from the feet. The legs were made of a wooden frame and then covered with bronze. There were a huge number of stones inside the statue. It took more than 200 tons of bronze to completely sheathe the statue. The statue stood at the entrance to the island for more than half a century, but was then destroyed by an earthquake. These days, several architects have already tried to start new project and restore the Colossus in Rhodes, but neither the first project in 2008 nor the second in 2015 has yet been implemented. There are legends that if a new statue is built, a strong earthquake will occur on the island of Rhodes and destroy not only the statue, but also the island itself.

Faros lighthouse

The famous lighthouse, the light of which was visible 60 kilometers before approaching commercial port Alexandria. The design of mirrors made it possible to achieve this effect. The lighthouse got its name because of the island on which it was located. Foros was located near the shores of Alexandria. This lighthouse is also called the Alexandria Lighthouse. The port of Alexander the Great, in whose honor the lighthouse was given its second name, created largest port in the Mediterranean Sea at that time.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

A beautiful wonder of the world - the Gardens of Babylon. These gardens were decorated with royal palace Babylon as early as the 4th century BC. The gardens were located on four tiers, which stood on columns. The irrigation system with which the gardens were watered was very smart and cunning, and no one knew about it. That's why the gardens seemed like a real miracle.

Architecture and sights of Greece so saturated that the traditional concept of seven wonders cannot be used. Here is the Parthenon, the statue of Zeus, the Temples of Artemis and Apollo, the Palace of Knossos, the Mycenaean Walls, the Erechtheion, the Ancient Theater of Epidaurus, the Monastery of St. Peter, the reconstructed ancient stadium in Athens.

Knossoscastle

Located on the island of Crete. This landmark of Greece is better known under the name “Labyrinth of the Minotaur”. The palace is built from different types stones, it is huge in scale. The complex surrounding it still looks like a labyrinth. Members of the king's family and retinue, along with servants, lived in it. Each apartment had bathrooms, kitchens, workshops, storage rooms, etc. Everywhere was maintained in order and made beautiful. On the walls there are frescoes depicting scenes of the life of the ancient Greeks. Already in those days, water supply and sewerage worked perfectly.

The landmark was discovered by 20th century archaeologists. Arthur Evans has been excavating for over 30 years. The palace occupies a huge area, about 15 thousand square meters. It has over one and a half thousand rooms and premises for various purposes. They are connected by numerous corridors and stairs. The lighting was an interesting solution. There are windows throughout, as well as small light wells for natural sunlight. The unique door system only helps to penetrate the rooms and halls of the palace a large number Sveta.

Almost a hundred of huge number large rooms were intended for ceremonial receptions and feasts. Archaeologists discovered such thoughts as a throne room, a theater that could accommodate more than half a thousand people, treasuries, and ritual accessories.

Walls of Mycenae

They are gigantic. The construction of this architectural monument is attributed by the Greeks to the legends of the Cyclops. The stones from which the walls are constructed are quite impressive in size. The height of the walls reaches 8 meters, width - 5. This attraction is decorated with stone lions. They have long been a protective talisman of the Greeks.

It is located on top of the Acropolis. The temple was built in honor of Athena herself around 400 AD. BC. The eyes of architects from all over the world are struck by the unique style of the monument. Its highlight was the oblique construction method. Straight lines cannot be found here, even if you try very hard, this even applies to columns. Many centuries earlier, a statue of Athena was installed in the temple, made of elephant bone and gold (there was more than a ton of it in the figure). It reached a height of over 10 meters. The monument has not survived to our times.

The structure on the sacred hill is about 30 meters wide and about 70 meters long. During the construction of the Parthenon, the architects instructed workers to grind the marble blocks so that they were identical in size. The blocks were fastened with staples and lead filling.

The decorative composition of the temple is replete with scenes from the great Athenian festival. On the pediments is the birth of Athena, her war with Poseidon. Then you can see pictures of battles with the Amazons, Centaurs, and scenes of the fall of Troy. Some of the compositions were transported to a museum in England.

Erechtheion Temple

It is located slightly north of the Parthenon, and is made in the Ionic style. Built in the 5th century BC. The design is very original, and in the decoration of the columns the figures of beautiful maidens - Caryatids - become recognizable.

A temple was erected in Arcadia in honor of Apollo. It was built later than the Parthenon, and has a unique structure that rotates (it rotates about half a degree every year). Externally, the temple is decorated in Doric style, and inside – in Ionic style. True, tourists will definitely be presented with one of the columns in the Corinthian style. The robbers did not ignore this architectural monument. Now many of the sculptures discovered later are housed in the British Museum.

Theater of Epidaurus

This is a classic of Greek cultural buildings. There are no such acoustics as here anywhere in the world. The sound is reflected from the stone so that even a quite quiet conversation can be clearly heard. Special resonators are used. They are built into the walls, but are pre-tuned to a specific wavelength.

The construction of the architectural monument was completed in the 2nd century BC. It was discovered at the end of the 19th century. In Epidaurus there are clearly demarcated: stage, spectator seats, orchestra pit. Almost all of this is perfectly preserved, except for the stage, which is surrounded by ruins.

The theater is huge. The Greeks dedicated its construction to the god Dionysus. Next to the building there is a large music treatment center. The architect of Epidaurus is Polykleitos. Under his leadership, more than 50 rows of stone seats were built for spectators. Over 10 thousand people were accommodated here. The stage was two stories high. The theater still operates today. It was restored in the mid-20th century.

The Holy Mount Athos is noteworthy.

Every tourist strives to visit here to visit the Monastery of St. Paul. It is located on a steep slope along with 15 chapels. It was built around the 14th century. Since then, the monastery has been restored several times after fires.

The statue is included in the official list of wonders of the world. This is the figure of the ancient Greek god Helios. According to ancient Greek mythology, he patronized the island of Rhodes. The majestic monument took more than 10 years to build. Archaeologists testify: the statue stood on a hill. They built it right on the spot where it was supposed to be located. Gradually erecting from the feet, the wooden frame was sheathed with bronze. There were piles of stones inside. Approximately 200 tons of bronze were needed for the cladding. After standing for just over half a century, the figure was destroyed by an earthquake. 10 centuries have passed since then. When Rhodes was captured by the Arabs, they decided to sell giant statue. Almost a thousand camels carried it. According to legend, if the Colossus is restored, Rhodes will be hit by a strong earthquake that will destroy the island.

Architects do not abandon their plans to recreate the sculpture. The first project was proposed by German authors in 2008, the second in 2015. But construction has not yet begun. Nowadays the ancient figure of the Colossus, very much reminiscent American statue Freedom has not survived.