Sydney latitude and longitude coordinates on the map. Geographical location and coordinates of Sydney. Interesting facts about the city. Coordinates of Sydney in decimal degrees

Sydney(English Sydney, pronounced [ˈsɪdni]) - the largest and most Old city Australia has an area of ​​12,144.6 km², with a population of 5,131,326 as of June 2017. Sydney is the capital of the state. The city was founded in 1788 by Arthur Phillip, who arrived here at the head First Fleet, and was the site of the first colonial European settlement in Australia. The city was named by the colonists in honor of Lord Sidney, who was then Secretary of State for the Colonies.

Sydney is located on the southeast coast of Australia. The settlement was built on the shore of a small round bay - Sydney. Sydney Cove), located in the middle part of the long bay of Sydney Harbor - the southern branch of the bay (harbour) of Port Jackson, separated by a narrow strait (~ 1 km) from the Tasman Sea. Subsequently, the city was built south of Sydney Harbor (it is up to 20 km long, 1 to 3 km wide and up to 50 m deep), and then around it. This is the reason why Sydney is often called “The Harbor City”.

Over time, urban buildings completely covered Port Jackson Bay, which includes three bays - Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbor and North Harbor. Currently, Sydney has grown even more and includes the Botany Bay located to the south of the Tasman Sea, on the northern shore of which is located international Airport them. Kingsford Smith.

The city of Sydney is famous for its Opera House, Harbor Bridge and its beaches. Residential areas of greater Sydney are surrounded by national parks. The coastline (both external “sea” and intra-city) is extremely indented. It abounds in numerous bays, coves, islands and beaches.

The city is categorized as a beta city according to the 1999 Lowborough University classification. Sydney has been the site of numerous international political and sporting events, such as the 1938 British Empire Games, the 2000 Olympic Games, and the 2003 Rugby World Cup. In September 2007, a meeting of APEC leaders took place in Sydney, and in July 2008, International Youth Day was held here.

Sydney is one of the most multicultural and multicultural cities in the world, due to the fact that the city is the main destination for immigrants arriving in permanent place residence in Australia. According to Mercer's research, Sydney has the highest cost of living in Australia and 66th in the world for this indicator.

Story

Modern research, based on radioisotope analysis, indicates that the indigenous people of Australia, the Aborigines, first came to the area that is now Sydney approximately 30,000 years ago. The aborigines who inhabited this area belonged to the Kadigal group. Before the Europeans came here, they owned the territory located south of Port Jackson Bay, where in our time they are located central areas cities. Although it is difficult to name the exact number of Aboriginal people who lived in this area before the arrival of Europeans, it is estimated that there were 4,000-8,000 people.

In 1770, James Cook, during his first round the world expedition, sailing from New Zealand to the west, discovered new land, which he named New South Wales. Moving north along the coast, he landed on the Carnell Peninsula in Botany Bay, which he named after the botanists Banks and Solander of their expedition. The expedition spent eight days here, examining the flora, fauna and mapping these places, after which it moved along the coast to the north.

After the American Revolutionary War began in 1776, the Americans refused to accept convicts sent to them from Great Britain, and British prisons began to overcrowd. Parliament and Colonial Secretary Sidney (who was a friend of the botanist Banks) decided to send prisoner settlers to Botany Bay in order to establish a new British colony there.

Sydney in 1932

The first fleet, organized by the British Navy, of 11 ships and vessels (2 warships - the flagship HMS Sirius, a ten-gun armed merchantman, 511 tons, and the armed tender HMS Supply 175 tons for messenger service, 6 prisoner transports, from 278 to 452 tons, and 3 supply ships, from 272 to 378 tons) led by Captain Arthur Phillip arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. Upon closer examination of the shores of Botany Bay, this place was found to be insufficiently suitable for founding a new colony, primarily due to the lack of fresh water, salt and exposure to winds. Arthur Phillip personally on HMS Supply explored Port Jackson Bay, located just 12 km to the north, which James Cook marked on the map but did not explore in detail. Upon entering Port Jackson, HMS Supply found it to be a large three-armed bay. Having examined the small Northern Arm (now the North Harbour), he then entered the wide, curved and inaccessible to oceanic winds and waves, the Southern Arm of the Bay (now: Sydney Harbour), where he discovered a very convenient round cove.

On January 26, 1788, the entire First Fleet sailed from Botany to Port Jackson, and anchored in this small round cove, later named Sydney cove, located in the middle part of the long 20-kilometer Sydney Harbor. ) of the branched bay of Port Jackson. Captain Arthur Phillip announced the annexation of New South Wales to Great Britain, the creation of the first settlement here, and that he was henceforth the first Governor of New South Wales. Now this day - National holiday Australia. Initially it was planned to name the new settlement Albion, however, at the last moment, Arthur Phillip decided to name it in honor of Lord Sidney, who was the colonial secretary at the time.

The First Fleet was soon followed by the Second and then the Third. At their core, they were no different from the First, since the main purpose of these expeditions was, as in the first case, to transport prisoners from British prisons to the newly formed colony (the Second Fleet, however, was noted for the fact that many people died on the way from scurvy and other diseases).

Sydney for a long time remained the main place of exile for prisoners from. Although free immigration began to gain momentum starting in 1815, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1820 approximately 40% of the population were prisoners.

Shortly after 1789, a severe smallpox epidemic broke out among the Aboriginal people living in the area immediately adjacent to Sydney, killing thousands of them.

Political cartoon. It depicts Governor Bligh as a coward hiding under his bed.

In 1808, the so-called Rum Riot took place in Sydney. It was caused by an attempt by the Governor of New South Wales, William Bligh, who became famous as one of the main participants in the events associated with the mutiny on the Bounty ship, to interrupt the monopoly of New South Wales Corps officers on alcohol. Taking advantage of the unlimited power in the colony, the officers turned the inhabitants practically into slaves, using alcohol instead of money when paying for goods and services. After much debate and negotiation, the confrontation turned into open confrontation, which led to the arrest and removal of Governor Bligh. This mutiny became the only example of a successful armed seizure of power in Australia. After new military contingents arrived in Sydney, the Corps was disbanded, and the officers involved in the riot were punished. However, Governor Bligh was also removed from his post and replaced by the more liberal Lachlan Macquarie.

Geography

Topography

Sydney's urban areas are located in a coastal valley that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north and the Royal National Park to the south. The coastline is indented by numerous bays and bays, which were formed as a result of the fact that as the climate warmed at the end of the Ice Age and the level of the World Ocean rose, water flooded the coastal river valleys and gorges of low mountains. Port Jackson Bay, which includes Sydney Harbour, is just such a formation and is the largest natural bay in the world. There are approximately 70 small bays and beaches within the city's residential areas, including the famous Bondi Beach in the south of the city and Manly beaches in the north. The area of ​​the city's residential areas in 2001 was 1,687 km². However, the Sydney Bureau of Statistics uses much more large area, including the Blue Mountains, Central Coast and surrounding areas National parks. The total area of ​​greater Sydney is therefore 12,145 km².

Panorama of Port Jackson Bay and Sydney from a cruise ship

Geographically, Sydney lies between two regions: the Cumberland Plain, a relatively flat area to the south and west of the bay, and the Hornsby Plateau, located to the north of the city. Oldest historical districts cities are on south coast Port Jackson Bay. North coast began to develop much later due to its more mountainous terrain and the lack of easy access here at the initial period of the city’s development. Main message from northern shore Sydney Harbor and outlying points of Port Jackson Bay were then (and still are) operated by ferries from the city's central wharf. It is called “Circular Quay” - translated as “Circular Marina” or “Circular Marina” and is located on the shore of the historical Sydney Cove, from which the development of the city began. The situation with the development of the northern areas of the city changed dramatically only after 1932, when the construction of the Harbor Bridge was completed.

Panorama from Sydney Tower

Climate

Sydney is located in a subtropical oceanic climate zone with moderately hot summers and moderately warm winters. The amount of precipitation that falls in the city is distributed throughout the year with an advantage in the winter months. Areas of the city immediately adjacent to the ocean experience a more equable climate, however the western areas of the city, deeper into mainland Australia, often experience more extreme temperature spikes. The warmest month is January with average temperature air temperature is 16.6-25.8 °C and the average number of days with air temperature above 30 °C is 14.6. The absolute temperature record was recorded on January 18, 2013 during a heat wave in Australia, the air temperature was 45.8 °C, in the suburbs up to 47 °C. The intense heat for several hours was brought by a strong hot westerly wind, which, together with the sun, heated the city by 24 °C in a few hours. At the same time, the next day the wind changed to the opposite direction, and the temperature no longer rose above 22 °C. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 5°C in coastal areas. The coldest month is July with an average daily temperature of 8-16.2 °C. The record low temperature was recorded in Sydney at 2.1°C.

Precipitation is distributed more or less evenly throughout the year with some predominance in the first months of the year, when the weather in the city is determined by eastern winds. The average annual rainfall in Sydney is 1217 mm, the average rainy days per year - 138. Snowfall was recorded in the central part of the city for the last time in 1836. However, the snow pellets that fell in the city in 2008, which is sometimes mistaken for snow, makes one think that the phenomenon in 1836 could have been of the same nature and was not snow. In 1947, there was a hailstorm in Sydney that injured more than 1,000 people.

Although Sydney is not greatly affected by cyclones, El Niño plays a large role in shaping the city's climate. Depending on the phase, this phenomenon can, on the one hand, cause droughts and forest fires, and on the other, provoke storms and floods. Many urban areas that are located in close proximity to forests and bushland are at immediate risk from forest fires. Fires were particularly severe near the city in 1994, and also in 2001-2002. Particularly fire-dangerous seasons are spring and summer. The city often experiences heavy hail and strong storm winds. One of the heaviest hailstorms occurred in the city in 1999. It caused significant damage to the central and eastern areas of Sydney. During this storm, individual ice floes that fell from the sky reached sizes of approximately 9 centimeters in diameter. This led to destruction estimated by insurance companies at approximately $1.7 billion.

Sydney is prone to flooding, which occurs as a result of heavy rainfall that occurs in the city mainly in winter and spring. Heavy rainfall during this period, in turn, is caused by the passage of a low pressure area over eastern Australia. In addition to heavy precipitation, the weather during this period is characterized by strong winds and frequent storms at sea. Sydney's worst flood occurred on August 6, 1986, when the city received 327.6 millimeters of rain in 24 hours. This flooding paralyzed traffic in some parts of the city and also caused damage to many buildings.

According to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the period between 2002 and 2005 featured the hottest summer months since records began in 1859. In 2004, the average maximum daily temperatures were 23.39 °C, in 2005 - 23.35 °C, in 2002 - 22.91 °C, in 2003 - 22.65 °C. Between 1859 and 2004, the average daily maximum temperature was 21.6 °C. Since November 2003, there have only been two months in Sydney where the average maximum daily temperature was below the period average: March 2005 (1°C below average) and June 2006 (0.7°C). However, according to the Bureau, the summer of 2007/08 was one of the coldest on record. According to these data, the summer of 2009/10 was the coldest in 11 years, and also the wettest in 6 years. This was only the third summer in history when daytime temperatures did not rise above 31 °C.

Architecture

Architecturally, Sydney combines high-rise buildings in the center and extensive private sector With colonial houses with verandas Around him.

Sydney Opera House is a subject world heritage UNESCO.

City government

New South Wales Parliament House. The state government controls life in Sydney

Sydney has never had a common city government body; on the contrary, the city is divided into local government areas (districts-prefectures) - councils subordinate to local government (local government areas). The elected councils of these districts have powers from the NSW Government and have a wide range of responsibilities from waste collection to local planning. The districts, in turn, are divided into districts - suburbs. Each district elects its own mayor.

Sydney City Hall - Sydney County Hall

Mayor of one of the city's oldest wards, the Sydney Metropolitan Area - City of Sydney, called Lord Mayor of Sydney - Lord Mayor of Sydney, but is responsible only for his district. However, in some cases the Lord Mayor may represent the whole of Sydney, for example, during the Olympic Games.

The life of the city is mainly controlled by the state government. This includes public transport, main roads, management traffic, police, higher level education kindergarten, planning large infrastructure projects.

Because the bulk of New South Wales' population lives in Sydney, the state government has always been reluctant to share powers with local governments or even change district boundaries. Thus, since 1945, the boundaries of the City of Sydney have been changed by the state government at least four times.

Currently, Sydney consists of 38 districts:

Sydney local government areas

Population

According to the 2006 census, there were 4,119,190 residents in and around Sydney, with Sydney itself having 3,641,422 people. Sydneysiders most often noted that they were of Australian, English, Irish, Scottish and Chinese origin. The census also showed that Sydney has a 1.1% Aboriginal population and 37.7% of the population was born outside Australia. 18.1% of the city's residents are from Asia. The three main sources of immigrants are Britain, China and New Zealand. They are followed by Vietnam, Lebanon, India, Italy and the Philippines. Many residents speak at least one other language in addition to English, most often Chinese (Cantonese or Mandarin), Arabic, Greek and Vietnamese. 13,220 people spoke Russian, 156 of them did not answer the question about their level of English proficiency. Sydney has the seventh highest percentage of overseas-born residents in the world. The average age of residents is 36 years old, 15.4% are over 65, and 15.2% have at least a bachelor's degree.

According to the 2011 census, 15,431 people speak Russian, 181 of whom did not answer the question about English. The city had 4,391,674 inhabitants. 60.9% of them considered themselves Christians, 17.6% did not adhere to any religion, 7.6% did not answer the question, 4.7% were Muslims, 4.1% were Buddhists, 2.6% were Hindus, 0.9% are Jews and 1.6% are representatives of other religions.

Economy

Sydney's most important economic sectors, based on the number of workers employed, are services, retail, manufacturing, healthcare and public services. Since the 1980s, the general situation in the labor market has changed in such a way that an increasing number of jobs are moving from the manufacturing sector to the service sector and the information technology sector. Sydney's economy accounts for approximately 25 percent of the entire Australian economy. The city is home to the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and the Reserve Bank of Australia, as well as the headquarters of 90 banks and more than half largest companies countries. Sydney is the main center of Australia, where regional offices are located international companies(there are about 500 of them). Of the ten largest Australian companies, four are headquartered in Sydney (Caltex Australia, Commonwealth Bank, Westpac and Woolworth). Fox Studios Australia has a large film studio in the city. The Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE) is one of the largest exchanges of its type in the Australia-Pacific region. It is the 12th largest futures exchange in the world and the 19th largest based on options turnover. According to Forbes research, in 2014 Sydney ranked eighth in the list of the most influential cities in the world in terms of the number of foreign investments attracted, as well as the state of the economy as a whole.

Residents of the city have the highest average per capita income in Australia, at US$42,599 per person. As of 2004, the city's unemployment rate was 4.9 percent. According to magazine research The Economist Sydney ranks 16th on the list of the most expensive cities in the world. Other studies show that the city ranks 15th in terms of earnings for its residents. As of September 20, 2007 average price homes in Sydney were the highest among major Australian cities at A$559,000. Sydney also has the highest average rent in Australia at A$450 per week.

In addition to the central part of the city large quantity has offices a huge amount shopping centers, shops and benches. Shopping, numerous cultural and sporting events, architecture, historical places and the amazingly beautiful nature of the city attracts numerous tourists here both from Australia and from all over the world. According to statistics, in 2004 the city was visited by 7.8 million Australian tourists and 2.5 million visitors from overseas.

Transport

The Anzac Bridge spans Johnson's Bay between Pumont and Glebe Island, just outside the City

Sydney has a well-developed road network as city residents widely use cars to get around. There is a system of expressways (motorways), some of which are paid (tollway), some are free (freeway). Major roads are united into 10 highways (Metroads), which include the 110-kilometer orbital network (Sydney Orbital Network).

Sydney has a well-developed network public transport - bus routes, taxis and trains. Passenger ferries operate on Sydney Harbor and on the Parramatta River, which flows into the bay.

From January 2, 2012, the one-time cost of travel on a bus in the central part of the city (Multi-1 zone) is equal to: AUD 3.5 (6.1 - “round trip”) for adults and, respectively, 1.7 and 3.0 for children . A weekly ticket in the same zone for all types of transport (bus, train, ferry) costs AUD 43 and 21.5, respectively, with no limit on the number of trips.

In December 2012, the paper ticket system was abolished and the last ticket machines were removed at the end of 2016. The introduced contactless system travel cards Opal has covered all modes of transport. Now it can be used to travel by bus, tram, metro and ferry.

Trains

Double-decker train on the main railway station Central Station

The first railway line opened in 1855 between Sydney and Parramatta. Currently, trains run 20 hours a day on a network of 2,080 km with 306 stations (including out-of-town stations). Train intervals are approximately 15 minutes during peak hours, and 30 minutes at other times. In the City and Eastern regions, trains run underground. The transition to electric locomotives began in 1926. Currently, the entire city railway fleet is electrified, the supply voltage is 1500 V DC. Trains are used by approximately 270 million passengers a year.

Metropolitan

Main article: Sydney Metro

On 26 May 2019, Sydney opened Australia's first and only single-line metro system, 36 km long and with 13 stations. It connects the suburbs of Rose Hill and Chatswood, as well as Sydney's CBD and port.

Buses

Sydney's bus network roughly parallels the now abolished tram network. The bus number is usually a three-digit number, the first digit of which usually indicates the area of ​​the city where the route operates. For example, buses numbered 3XX run in the eastern regions of Sydney, and routes 8XX - in the south-west. The State Transit Authority (STA), owned by the New South Wales State Government, operates the Sydney and Sydney bus networks, as well as passenger ferries. The bus fleet of both cities is more than 2,100 vehicles based in 13 depots.

Ferries

Dee Why ferry Dee Why, early 1930s. The Harbor Bridge under construction in the background

The history of Sydney's first ferries can be traced back as far as the arrival of the First Fleet, when a ferry sailed from Sydney Bay up the river to the farming communities of Parramatta as early as 1789. The first official ferry was built by prisoners and sailed under sails and oars. The journey to Parramatta took about a week. By 1899 the Sydney Ferry Company had become the largest ferry company in the world. But after the Harbor Bridge opened on March 19, 1932, passenger numbers plummeted from 30 million to 13 million a year.

Ferries berthed at Circular Quay

Ferries now carry approximately 14 million passengers annually, many of whom travel not only for business, but simply for pleasure, especially on weekends. So in 2009-2010, routes going to the Manly area, famous for its beaches and an aquarium with the world's longest 110-meter underwater tunnel. The last record for ticket sales in a single day was on 2 January 2011, when 94,918 tickets were sold, almost half of them on the Manly route. Today the fleet consists of 28 ferries connecting 38 piers into a network, the length of the network is 37 km.

Tram

Trams in Sydney in 1920 outside Queen Victoria House on the corner of Druitt and George Streets

Sydney's now-abolished tram network was once the second longest in the British Empire after London and one of the largest in the world. The first horse tram existed from 1861 to 1866. In 1879, routes with steam-powered trams appeared. Electrification of the tracks began in 1898 and was largely completed by 1910. The network reached its maximum length in 1923 - 291 km (181 miles). By 1930, the fleet consisted of about 1,600 carriages; the maximum number of passengers was transported in 1945 - 405 million. Increasing competition from private cars and buses, as well as traffic congestion, has led to the gradual closure of routes. The last tram ran through Sydney in 1961. The tracks still exist in some places, but the old trams only run along a short 3.5 kilometer route from the Tram Museum deep into the Royal National Park.

More than 30 years after the last tram route closed, a new light rail opened in 1997 tram route Metro Light Rail(not to be confused with the metro). It was extended in 2000 and 2014 and now runs from Central Station to Dulwich Hill. The route is 12.8 km long with 23 stops and approximately 3.9 million passengers use this route annually. There is a project to build a new line from Central Station through the City to Circular Quay, a short walk from the Opera House, Royal botanical garden(Royal Botanic Gardens) and other tourist attractions. Construction began in 2015. There is also an idea to build lines to the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales.

Main attractions

Sydney Opera House. Night view from the Harbor Bridge

Fireworks on the Harbor Bridge to mark the closing of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney

• Sydney Opera House
• The Australian Museum is one of oldest museums Australia, formerly called the Museum of Sydney ( The Sydney Museum).
• Power Station Museum Powerhouse Museum), science museum.
• Australian National maritime museum(English) Australian National Maritime Museum).
• Sydney Town Hall.
• Sydney Aquarium
• Sydney Tower
• Centennial Parklands is a park in Sydney.
• House on Elizabeth Bay.
• Elizabeth's Farm.
• Justice & Police Museum
• Rose Sidler House.
• Rouse Hill Manor
• Meroogal House
• Susannah Place Museum
• Sydney Mint
• Vaucluse House
• Hyde Park Barracks
• Government House
• Harbor Bridge
• Cathedral of the Virgin Mary
• Woolloomooloo Bay Jetty
• Darling Harbor waterfront
• Bondi Beach
• Taronga Zoo.

Twin Cities

Sydney has 6 sister cities:

• , California,
• , Italy

Notes

1. What's driving population growth in Australia's cities?(English) (unavailable link). Australian Bureau of Statistics(24 April 2018). Retrieved July 3, 2018. Archived April 25, 2018.
2. Gorodetskaya I. L., Levashov E. A.// Russian names of residents: Dictionary-reference book. - M.: AST, 2003. - P. 263. - 363 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-016914-0.
3. According to the “Dictionary of Proper Names” (author - F. L. Ageenko), the stress is on the first syllable, in the “Dictionary of Exemplary Russian Stress” (author - M. A. Studiner) both options are acceptable, with the emphasis on the second syllable being preferable.
4. Macquarie ABC Dictionary. - The Macquarie Library, 2003. - P. 1000. - ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
5. City of Sydney - General Introduction (undefined) (unavailable link). Archived March 18, 2011.
6. History of Australia (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved November 22, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
7. Beaverstock, J. V.; Smith, R. G.; Taylor, P.J. Research Bulletin 5: A Roster of World Cities (undefined) . Globalization and World Cities. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
8. Designing for Diversity: the Multicultural City (undefined) (unavailable link). 1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney. Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
9. Cost of living - The world’s most expensive cities (undefined) . City Mayors. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 23, 2011.
10. Macey, Richard Settlers" history rewritten: go back 30,000 years(English) . The Sydney Morning Herald(15 September 2007). Retrieved September 15, 2007.
11. City of Sydney. City of Sydney Indigenous History of Sydney Cove
12. The 10 people Who Shaped Sydney (undefined) . Fairfax Media. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 21, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
13. The Harbor City (undefined) (unavailable link). Showcase Destinations Sydney, Australia. Retrieved November 24, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
14. 2016.0 Census of Population and Housing: Selected Characteristics for Urban Centres, Australia (undefined)
15. 1217.0.55.001 Glossary of Statistical Geography Terminology, 2003 (undefined) . Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
16. Sydney weather hail, not snow, AAP(27 July 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008.
17. The Sydney Hailstorm - 14 April 1999 (undefined) . Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved October 5, 2006. Archived August 25, 2011.
18. Rain in Sydney, 1986 (undefined) . Archived November 23, 2009. in Australian Climate Extremes, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 9 September 2006.
19. Cool, cloudy and rainy end to March in Sydney in
20. Sydney has the coldest June in 24 years in Sydney Monthly Climate Summary - NSW Regional Office, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 21 October 2007.
21. Sydney has the coolest summer in 11 years in Sydney Climate Summary - NSW Regional Office, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 25 March 2008.
22. skyscraper 505 George Street will become the tallest residential building in Sydney; 270 meter tower with total area about 66 thousand sq. meters designed by Ingenhoven Architects; Construction will begin in 2021 and will be completed in 2024.
23. Michael Spens. Sydney. - Oxford University Press, 2003. - (Grove Art Online). (subscription required)
24. 2006 Census Community Profile Series
25. Expanded Community Profile - Sydney _ Sheet X01f
26. 2006 Census QuickStats
27. Australian Census 2006, Ancestry by Region (undefined) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved June 1, 2010. Archived January 14, 2013.
28. When diversity means cultural richness (undefined) . Webdiary. Retrieved June 1, 2010. Archived January 14, 2013.
29. Expanded Community Profile - Sydney _ Sheet X05e
30. Expanded Community Profile - Sydney _ Sheet X05f
31. 2011 Census QuickStats
32. 2011 Census Data - Greater Sydney Community Profile
33. Sydney - Basic Community Profile and Snapshot - 2001 Census (undefined) (unavailable link). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
34. City Commerce (undefined) (unavailable link). City of Sydney Media Centre. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived February 4, 2012.
35. Of the ten largest corporations in Australia (based on revenue) (undefined) . BRW 1000. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 20, 2007.
36. Overview (undefined) (unavailable link). Sydney Futures Exchange website. Retrieved July 3, 2006. Archived December 30, 2006.
37. The World's Most Influential Cities 2014] (undefined) . Economics. Forbes is an American business magazine (2014). Retrieved August 8, 2014.
38. Sydney Sydney Statistical Division (undefined) (unavailable link). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived June 1, 2008.
39. London is the most expensive city in the world while Swiss cities are home to highest earners (undefined) . Economics. City Mayors (2007). Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
40. Still strong confidence in the housing market (undefined) (unavailable link). Press Release. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived July 19, 2008.
41. Tourism Data Card - Forecasts, Economic Impacts and selected Regional Data - 2004 (undefined) (PDF) (unavailable link). Tourism NSW. 2004. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived May 22, 2006.
42. City of Sydney: Sister City

Links

• Dictionary of Sydney - the history of Sydney
• Sydney Official History Archives
• State Records New South Wales
• National Archives of Australia
• Understanding Society Through Its Records - John Curtin Library (undefined) (unavailable link). Archived from the original on May 2, 2015.
• Directory of Archives in Australia

Australia, Sydney

On this page you can find out the geographic coordinates of Sydney (Australia) in all existing formats: in decimal degrees, in degrees and decimal minutes, in degrees, minutes and seconds. This information will be useful for travelers, sailors, tourists, pupils and students, teachers and professors, and for all other people who, for some reason, need to know the geographic coordinates of Sydney.

So, below are the geographic coordinates of Sydney in different formats, as well as the altitude of Sydney above sea level.

City of Sydney

Coordinates of Sydney in decimal degrees

Latitude:-33.8678500°
Longitude: 151.2073200°

Coordinates of Sydney in degrees and decimal minutes

Coordinates of Sydney in degrees, minutes and seconds

About the coordinate system

All coordinates on this site are given in the world coordinate system WGS 84. WGS 84 (English World Geodetic System 1984) is a worldwide system of geodetic parameters of the Earth in 1984, which includes a system of geocentric coordinates. Unlike local systems, WGS 84 is a single system for the entire planet. The predecessors of WGS 84 were the WGS 72, WGS 66 and WGS 60 systems. WGS 84 determines coordinates relative to the Earth’s center of mass, the error is less than 2 cm. In WGS 84, the prime meridian is considered to be the Reference meridian, passing at 5.31″ ​​(~ 100 m) to east of the Greenwich meridian. The basis is an ellipsoid with a larger radius - 6,378,137 m (equatorial) and a smaller radius - 6,356,752.3142 m (polar). The practical implementation is identical to the ITRF reference basis. WGS 84 is used in the GPS global positioning and navigation satellite system.

Coordinates (latitude and longitude) determine the position of a point on the Earth's surface. The coordinates are angular values. The canonical form of representing coordinates is degrees (°), minutes (′) and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use the representation of coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes or in decimal degrees. Latitude takes values ​​from −90° to 90°. 0° – latitude of the equator; −90° – latitude of the South Pole; 90° – latitude of the North Pole. Positive values ​​correspond to northern latitude (points north of the equator, abbreviated N or N); negative – southern latitude (points south of the equator, abbreviated as S or S). Longitude is measured from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian in the WGS 84 system) and takes values ​​from −180° to 180°. Positive values ​​correspond to east longitude (abbreviated as E or E); negative – western longitude (abbreviated as W or W).

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