Swiss national park. Swiss national park. What to see. How to get there. Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Hiking is one of the most popular ways to spend leisure time in the country - more than 50 thousand (!!) kilometers of marked footpaths are laid across Switzerland - this is 1.25 times the length of the Earth's equator. For such a small country, the figure is simply incredible, but it will become even greater if you take into account about 23 thousand kilometers of specialized mountain routes with a higher level of difficulty, as well as an unimaginable number of trails for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, sleigh rides, dog sledding and horseback riding, as well as about 4 thousand trails for water tourism. All this turns Switzerland into one of best places in Europe for active rest and ecotourism.

Swiss national park

Despite the very modest size of the country, protected areas occupy, to one degree or another, up to 14% of its area. And at the same time there is only one full-fledged nature reserve - the Swiss national park, or Engadin Park (www.nationalpark.ch), created in 1914 in the eastern part of the canton of Grisons, on the southern slopes of the Engadin valley. This is the first alpine reserve in Central Europe, moreover, created in an area intensively developed by man. In 1979, it was included in the UNESCO list of biosphere reserves, along with the adjacent Italian Stelvio National Park.

Here, on an area of more than 172 square kilometers, the unique natural complexes of the Rhaetian Alps are protected - mountain pine forests, alpine and sub alpine meadows, as well as numerous lakes and wastelands, and almost half of this territory is secondary forests, recreated after the cessation of human economic activity. The fauna of the park is very rich - more than 60 species of mammals (including the Alpine ibex, chamois, stone marten, Alpine marmot, lynx, brown bear and others), about 100 species of birds, as well as about 70 species of amphibians, including the endemic Alpine triton. Despite the fact that literally everything here is protected (a fine can be issued even for loud noises!), 21 walking excursion trails with a total length of about 80 km have been laid across the territory, which allow you to see the life of the inhabitants of these beautiful places. But cycling within the park is prohibited.

Entrance to the park is free and free; along its perimeter there are nine equally free parking lots for cars, from which most of the trails and routes depart. The reserve is open to the public from June to October every day, from 8.30 to 18.00, on Thursdays - until 22.00.

You can get to the park by buses running at hourly intervals between the towns of Zernez (the park's head office is 1 km east of it) and Mustair.

Ela Park

The largest and youngest regional natural Park Switzerland - Ela (Parc Ela, www.parc-ela.ch) begins just 18 km from the northwestern border of Switzerland national park. It was created in 2006 as an area protecting the untouched world of the vast mountain range between the peaks of Ela (Piz Ela, 3339 m) and Kesch (3417 m). The area of the reserve is 600 square kilometers, which is 3.5 times more area Engadin National Park, and here economic activity person is allowed on a limited scale. This means that in Ela Park, in addition to exploring the magnificent nature of the northern slopes of the Engadin, you can take a ride on the Rhaetische Bahn railway, included in the List World Heritage UNESCO (55 bridges and 39 tunnels over a 63 km length throughout the park, there is nothing to say about the beauty of the landscapes!), go skiing on the slopes of Savognin, Samedan, Celerina, Pontresina or St. Moritz (all these resorts are literally within 15- 20 minutes by car from the most beautiful places of the park), relax on the shores of Lake Marmorera (Lai da Marmorera) or visit the most high place pilgrimage in Europe - the Ziteil sanctuary (founded in 1580, altitude - 2434 meters above sea level) near Salouf.

Entlebuch

Well, the most easily accessible nature reserve in the country is the Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve (www.biosphaere.ch), located in the canton of Lucerne, just 20 km southwest of its capital. This is the first and only park of this type in central Switzerland. Here, on the most picturesque slopes of the Kleine Emme valley, an area of 395 square kilometers presents landscapes quite unusual for the country - endless peat bogs and heathlands, idyllic alpine pastures and forests, rocky karst formations and picturesque wild mountains. These regions are often figuratively called the “Wild West of Lucerne” - the local natural complexes are so diverse and beautiful. And at the same time there is a huge selection of services, hotels and mountain chalets, many old churches and monasteries, about 75 km hiking trails and even therapeutic mud baths at local thermal springs.

Jura National Park

From Le Sentier to Nyon on the coast Lake Geneva green slopes stretch Jura National Park(Parc naturel régional Jura vaudois) www.parc-jurassien.ch - second in the country in size and richness of flora. Despite the dense population of these places, it has been possible to preserve many local natural complexes characteristic of the low Jura Mountains and the famous Vallée de Joux, considered one of the most beautiful in Switzerland. Among the beauties of these places are beautiful mountain forests (the composition of the flora is one of the richest in the region - more than 320 species), ancient swamps, limestone cliffs, secluded meadows and mountain pastures. More than 90 species of mammals and 160 species of birds live here, and the picturesque Lake Zhu has almost 50 species of fish. Since there is an excellent network of hiking and skiing routes with a total length of 523 km (!!), there are many colorful Alpine cheese factories and vineyards, restaurants and chalets, the park is extremely popular among fans of hiking, horseback riding and cycling, and in winter it becomes one of the best centers mountain holiday- it is quite obvious that he is targeting not skiers, but fans of snowshoes and cross-country skiing.

There are literally dozens of ways to get to the park, since it is located next to the main transport arteries of the country. By rail, the easiest way to get from Nyon is by train Nyon - St-Cergue with stops in Bassins, Arzier, St-Cergue and Givrine or by train Nyon - Gimel with stops in Bassins, Vaud, Marchissy, Longirod, St-George and Gimel . When departing from Vallorbe - by train to Brassus, from Morges - by BAM train to Bière et l "Isle with a stop in Montricher. Travel options are equally varied on public transport of all major cities Canton of Vaud

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Switzerland is a small country by European standards, so it is not surprising that there is only one national park. By the way, that’s what it’s called: a Swiss national park. At the beginning of the 20th century, the territory of today's park was subjected to so-called industrialization.

This term, translated into normal language, means total production natural resources. And after the latter were almost completely used, someone came up with the idea: “Shouldn’t we create a national natural park here?”

And since this idea did not at all contradict the democratic principles of building a society, it fell on fertile soil and is still there today. In any case, in 1914, economic activity was completely prohibited on its territory.

And after some time, the creation of a national park was announced. And the reason for creating the park was announced: the need to study nature’s ability to recover.

The park is located in the Engadin Valley area and its total area is 172.4 square kilometers. Moreover, all of it is located within altitudes from 1400 meters above sea level to 3174 meters.

Its second name is Engodin Park, due to the fact that it occupies the southern slopes of the valley of the same name. This park became the first alpine reserve in Europe created in a place actively developed by man.

What to see.

Since human economic activity in the park is prohibited in any field of activity, this fact had a very favorable effect on the animal world of the park. At least not everyone nature reserve today can boast of the presence of more than 60 species of mammals.

Among the latter there are such rare species today as the Alpine ibex, chamois, Alpine marten, lynx, brown bear and a considerable number of others, among which there is even the endemic Alpine newt.

It is clear that such types of illegal fishing as poaching are unacceptable here. Moreover, there are many prohibitions in the park that are not very easy to explain by Slavic logic.

In particular, it is prohibited to ride a bicycle in the park, make loud noises, or sleep in tents. Moreover, fines here are issued not by the human traffic police, but by the strict and incorruptible park security service.

But the most important asset in the park is considered to be 21 walking route. Their total length is 80 kilometers and they fully represent the opportunity to admire the beauty of these places and see the local inhabitants in their natural conditions.

It is also interesting that entrance to the park is absolutely free, which is quite rare for Switzerland. In addition, along its perimeter there are 9 parking lots, which are also free and have their own routes departing from them.

The park is open from June to October, so everyone is asked to hurry up, otherwise the protracted economic crisis may make its own not-so-good changes to such a prosperous and cheap place.

The most interesting thing is that opposite the southern slopes of the Engadin valley are the northern slopes. So, on these slopes there is also a nature reserve created in 2006. His name is regional park Ela.

It covers the territory of the local mountain range between the peaks of Ela and Kesh. Its area is 600 square kilometers and here human economic activity is allowed on a limited scale.

Its last feature, in particular, allows you to ride on the Rhaetische Bahn railway, which is included in the UNESCO lists. Its length is 63 kilometers. It would seem that this is there, if not for 55 bridges and 39 tunnels, which are also included in the route.

But actually there’s nothing to say about the views of the Engadin Mountains, because you have to see it. Besides this there is ski resorts, on which the fashion for skiing from year to year does not go away.

There is another popular natural park in Switzerland, the Jura. Apparently it was named after the first cosmonaut on Earth. It is located along the shore of Lake Geneva from Le Sentier to Nyon. The pearls of the park are the Jura Mountains and one of the most beautiful valleys in Switzerland, the Joux Valley.

Despite the fairly populated area, there is a very rich world of flora and fauna. And in Lake Zhu there are over 50 species of fish. As elsewhere in Switzerland, there is an excellent network of hiking and skiing routes. Their total length is 523 kilometers.

And the local catering industry in the form of restaurants and cafes will add color. There are also cycling routes here, which are especially popular among lovers of foot-powered two-wheeled vehicles. Search for cheap hotels.

How to get there.

The best option for an active holiday in the Engadin National Park is a stop in St. Moritz. This area has very developed infrastructure and anyone who suffers from natural spectacles will feel comfortable here.

The main mode of transport to arrive at the resort of St. Moritz is Railway. The most convenient train is from Zurich, which goes every hour to Chur. In the latter there is a transfer to St. Moritz. From Chur, trains leave once an hour, starting at 13.58 and ending at 17.58.

Address: 7530 Zernez, Canton of Graubünden, Engadin Valley region, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 81 851 41 41
Official site: www.nationalpark.ch
Square: 172.4 km²
Date of foundation: August 1, 1914
Working hours: daily from 9.00 to 12.00 and from 14.00 to 17.00, Saturday and Sunday – days off
Cost of visit: free admission, free parking

The only national park is located in the Engadin Valley, which extends in the east of the country. Here, in the legendary foothills, you can admire pristine natural landscapes and watch animals in their natural habitat. Swiss National Park – perfect place For hiking and a unique opportunity to explore wildlife, which we are seeing less and less due to the rapid growth of urban areas.

For reference

The reserve was opened on one of the most terrible days in human history, the day the First World War began, which claimed the lives of more than 17 million people. Switzerland is known for its unshakable decision to remain neutral: it was not involved in the war. Instead, enterprises opened in the state, the economy developed, and, of course, all kinds of tourist centers.

On August 1, 1914, the Engadin National Park began operations. Concerned about the endlessly picturesque places of the park, many rules of behavior were introduced here. The first of them states that under no circumstances should you leave special tourist trails. The second rule prohibits overnight stays on the territory of the reserve (for the safety of the guest, too, since an impressive number of animals live here).

However, there are exceptions to this rule - the Il Fuorn hotel and the Chamanna Cluozza hut. Within the walls of the hotel and forest house, no one will disturb you, and you will spend time with comfort and pleasure. There is no point in listing all the rules, but you should remember that order is very closely monitored in the park. You can get a fine for even the most ordinary loud noises (be it music or your own voice, it doesn’t matter), because they can scare representatives of the local fauna.

Flora and fauna of the reserve

The fauna is represented by about 60 species of mammals, more than 100 birds and about 70 amphibians. Some of them are even endemic, for example, the alpine ibex and the alpine newt. Here you can meet stone marten, which boldly makes contact with humans, fast lynx, brown bear and chamois. Common in Europe and Asia Noble deer and the white hare are also residents of the reserve. Sly foxes, squirrels, toads and frogs, nimble voles - you won’t meet anyone at this celebration of nature. By the way, snakes are rarely seen here. The only snake state reserve– northern viper, which can reach 60-65 cm in length.

Of the birds, bearded vultures, or, as they are also called, lambsbills, are especially interesting. The winged rulers of the Alps received their second name because of researchers who mistakenly believed that these birds fed on sheep. In fact, their best food is carrion and bones, and their claws are completely unsuited to attacking and killing. Also flying over the reserve are nutcrackers (birds of the corvid family), huge eagles and white partridge, the only local bird that does not leave the reserve even in the harsh winter.

Despite the fact that 51% of the Swiss national park consists of rocks without the slightest hint of vegetation, there is plenty of interesting greenery. While mountain pines, endless larches and spruces form entire forest armies, stemless gum, beloved by butterflies, all kinds of orchids, fairy bells, forget-me-nots, glacial bekwichia and many other plants with difficult-to-understand names create an interesting flavor of the park. Lingonberries also grow in these parts. Green endemics include alpine poppy, alpine edelweiss and, no matter how terrible another repetition of this word may sound, alpine aster.

How to get there?

You can get to the oldest alpine reserve by bus from the city of Zernez to Mustair. Transport links between the cities are excellent, with departures to Müstair hourly new bus with passengers. Entrance to the reserve is free, parking is also free. Payment is taken exclusively for exhibitions. Please note that the park is closed on Saturdays and Sundays, but on weekdays guests are always welcome from 9.00 to 12.00 and from 14.00 to 17.00.

Every year there are more and more visitors to the park. From the first days of June until mid-autumn, more than 150 thousand tourists from all over the world come here, wanting to spend at least a little time with wildlife face to face. However, people tired of city life are not the only ones who visit the reserve. Very often special events are held here for the younger generation. They are aimed at developing respect for nature and a deep understanding of the value of its riches. Therefore, the park is also perfect for family vacation With

In the Engadin Valley, which belongs to Switzerland, there is a Swiss National Park. This reserve was founded in 1914 and occupied an area of 172.4 km 2. The park includes an area covered by the Alps, the height of which, in this area, ranges from 1400 to 3174 meters above sea level.

The terrain of the Swiss National Park is quite diverse, because it includes forests, meadows, mountains, and water covers. Also, quite rich, is animal world reserve. The local nature develops on its own, because human hands do not touch it. There are at least 650 different plants in this area. Among them, typical representatives of the protected area are alpine edelweiss, which people have collected in baskets for centuries in a row. This perennial herb with white-coated upper leaves grows on the slopes of limestone mountains. Quite high in the mountains you can see the alpine poppy, which with its roots strengthens the local loose soil. Tourists are very attracted to the plant, which grows up to 40 cm and has a yellowish-orange color. This is a local Artemisia ragus, whose home is the mountainous area in the east, near the Inn River.

The mountain forest cover in this area plays a very important role in nature, because it not only cleans the air of the park, but also protects the area from avalanches. The forest in this area is represented by such tree species as pine, cedar, larch, and spruce.

The local alpine meadows simply fascinate with the variety of blooming flowers. It is impossible to count the varieties of these wild plants, including buttercups, edelweiss, and gentian.

The highlands of the Swiss national park are characterized by dry climatic conditions and poor soil. It is difficult for plants and animals to adapt to life in this area due to constant winds, soil erosion, and low air temperatures.

In Swiss national reserve You can see animals from a fairly close distance. Goats, deer, hares, marmots and many other four-legged animals are common here. The silence in the park is broken by the singing of birds, of which there is quite a wide variety in these lands.

Tourists who have visited the reserve in Switzerland are offered a walk along a specially designed hiking trail. But here it is strictly forbidden to make fires, pitch tents, ride bicycles, or generally leave behind any traces of your presence. For each offense, you will have to pay a fine.

A walk in the park will definitely please you with its virgin beauty. natural beauty, no matter what period you come here. But, nevertheless, the trip will be more exciting in the spring-summer season, when local mountains covered with carpets of wild flowers.