Short-term routes around the Kuban. Open lesson on the topic: “Journey along the Kuban River
In my dashing metal satanic teenage years.
I have long wanted to travel around Kuban to see it and get to know it, and now, I did it, and I’m very happy about it
Kuban is noticeably monocultural. This is surprising, because the south is associated with a hodgepodge of people, but in reality Kuban turns out to be much more Slavic in appearance and Orthodox in essence than most other Russian cities. 
By God, in Petrozavodsk, the capital of cool lake Karelia, behind which Finland looms, you will even meet the entire Caucasus, but here you won’t.
So many Orthodox churches, and very diverse - nowhere else is there such diversity, multicolor and boldness in Orthodox churches I haven’t seen it in Russia 
Courage is not only in multicolor but also in simplicity - here is a church from a change house in Arkhipo-Osipovka - and nothing bothers anyone 
At the same time, during my entire stay in Kuban I did not see a single mosque.
Yes, mosques have “halal” signs, and those flashed once or twice.
Somehow it seems that they abandoned the population - all Caucasians in the Moscow region, all those living near Moscow here 
The Kuban people really have a southern dialect, surzhik, but again, in Orel they hoot much more accentuated.
But they really like to wag their tongue. Oh, Kuban is, of course, a complete carbon copy of Ukraine; I have never met a single region as closely related to Ukraine as Kuban. 
All the local villages are like returning to childhood, to Eastern Ukraine 
The similarity is not surprising, in general, if we remember that these regions were inhabited mainly by Cossacks - some of whom agreed to go here to Kuban and swear allegiance to the Russian crown, and some said that the Cossacks should not be free under the yoke, and went beyond the Danube, to the other side, essentially to Busurman Turkey.
It’s better to be under the Busurmans than under Russia. 
The most visible national minority is undoubtedly the Armenians.
There are many of them here since Queen Catherine invited them to settle in Kuban.
Then the word “khach” arose in everyday life to designate Armenians as co-religionists, but foreigners.
"Khach" is a "cross", just that. Therefore, it is funny when, out of ignorance, any people from the Caucasus, especially Muslims, are called khachas.
There are many Armenians in Kuban and they are influential.
Until now, only in Cyprus have I seen a clear precedent of how Christians drove out Muslims, but with Kuban there is the same feeling.
Armenians Krasnodar region everywhere and everywhere they remind about the genocide 100 years ago, and thank Russia for recognizing this episode of Turkish history as genocide 
The only thing that is unclear is the form of the address itself - “I remember and demand the Armenian genocide.”
And who is this appeal to? Some Armenians are already in solidarity, but you yourself have squeezed out your opponents - who will read this now? 
It's been tough here Civil War centuries ago.
The war was like this, “on wheels”, fast, crazy, dashing - they landed, hit, pushed through, penetrated, shot, moved on 
The excitement seems to have subsided, although...
Guess what is very easy to get at the Lyuli cafe? 
On the roads of the Krasnodar region, traffic is fast and there are two great, terrible, unshakable rules:
1)beep twice abruptly
2) never, under any circumstances, even on pain of death, never, never, never, NEVER, HEAR, NEVER let anyone through. 
In my opinion, letting someone pass on the roads of the Krasnodar Territory is considered something akin to admitting a non-traditional sexual orientation.
If you want to break a Kuban's brain, let him pass on the road. It's funny to see their eyes as round as bowls - it's hard to surprise with anything more.
They see that you are missing, but they don’t move - they know that this doesn’t happen, it’s a mirage.
A sign for the collection, a pedestrian dejected from not being allowed through 
And the first point is that there is constantly a double beeping sound on the roads, but I have no idea what it means.
Who knows?
The circumstances are very different - both when it is overtaking and when it is not. And when in a traffic jam, and when the road is clear. Logics? No.
When I also beeped twice in response, hysterics broke out - they blinked at me, honked at me, and waved their hands.
What did you want? Explain, good people, what do two beeps mean in Kuban?
It’s just that I’ve never seen anything like this anywhere else, in any region of Russia, and the Kuban people, it seemed to me, are firmly convinced that they beep like that everywhere.
When I first came to India, I saw the traffic there, and even on the left, and I immediately said - no, no, no, I won’t get into this chaos.
But then I got used to it, started driving more boldly, and then drove like I was stung - despite the external chaos of what is happening in Indian traffic there is a simple system - you hear a beeping sound from behind - let them pass, they will overtake you now. He beeped himself - the person in front presses in and lets him pass.
Here. But here, in Kuban, there is no logic. 
But the roads are generally good, including many secondary ones. 
You often drive between farms, expecting a washboard, and your fears turn out to be exaggerated with enviable regularity. 
Large routes are flat and boring, but as soon as mountains appear on the horizon - that’s it, you won’t be bored 
Kuban was very disappointing with its products and prices.
This, it would seem, is the breadbasket of the country, and it’s true - continuous cultivated fields, fat herds. And where is the tangible result from this? 
Corn is sold in stores in cans, which is produced in Kuban - more expensive than exactly the same in Moscow - where is the logic?
Meat imported from Mordovia, sweets and chocolate in general at such prices that Moscow begins to seem like a treasury for the poor.
The potatoes are the same from Israel as in Moscow, the berries are Uzbek, the fruits are Turkish, the strawberries are Greek.
Holy shit, I should go to the market in my provincial Oryol for these same products, it’s cheaper 
Gasoline is more expensive, and you have to pay for everything - the Kuban region is not cheap. And you overpay for nothing.
Sometimes you go to the store, buy something - there’s nothing to see 
But okay.
The main wealth of the Krasnodar region is the coast, built up with all stripes of madness 
It's great. Simply God's gift. Incredibly generous.
Everything is for sale. 
Well, or almost everything. 
It stretches across one region, but manages to change many, many times.
In the south are the only Russian subtropics, the region of Sochi and its numerous villages, stretched in a line for 145 kilometers.
Along the coast, right level with the sea, runs one of the most amazing railway lines in the country.
Nearby, the road makes incredible loops. 
To us it is exotic, but for Sochi residents or Abkhazians it is the only artery.
Those tangerines from Abkhazia that we juicily consume on New Year- they pass by trucks in these endless car loops. 
In these places, for the first time, they began to grow domestic tea, the one that is now sold under the Krasnodar brand
(Who remembers - “Well, here I am in Khopra!”, “What kind of tea do you want? Indian? Krasnodar?”, “Krasnodar!”) 
Modern elevator to the beach of the Gazprom sanatorium in Nebug 
Vain, gassy, unloved by many and loved by me, Adler seduces, like David Blaine, into street magic 
From Tuapse to Gelendzhik, the mountains dramatically change their character and become painfully similar to my beloved Transcarpathia 
The mountains are similar 
And the villages at the foothills 
Even the Magyar tiled roofs characteristic of the Hungarian regions of Transcarpathia 
Mobile apiary 
The resort towns are united by a common passion for attractions with the letter D.
At first it was 3D, but then someone decided that 3D was for suckers, and wrote 4D. Someone saw it and decided - hey, I’m such a sucker, I’ll write 5D.
Wrote. A neighbor saw it and quickly ordered a display case with 6D.
And so it went. This, 9D, is already for dense, utter losers who don’t even have a clue anymore - the largest D I’ve seen is 91D. 
There is again a sharp contrast between Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk.
Novorossiysk is a city completely devoid of resort properties, a harsh industrial monster on the seashore, strewn with cement dust 
Even further is Anapa - the mountains are only on the horizon, the places are flat, the beaches are sandy, the houses are characteristic, simple rural 
Even further (or closer - from what to count) Taman. “Soviet Champagne,” as Khrushchev dreamed of seeing it, is a treasure trove of winemaking. 
During the struggle for sobriety, the vineyards of these places were destroyed.
But grapes are a complex crop; they have been cultivated for not just years, but decades.
There are dozens of grape varieties, and each of them has its own characteristics, unlike other varieties.
According to one technology, excellent wine will come out of one variety of grapes, and from another variety, using the same technology, it will be swill only for drunks.
Now the Krasnodar region is reviving the traditions of winemaking. The entire region, especially the Taman Peninsula, is filled with vineyards. 
Thank God - ten years ago, Krasnodar wines essentially did not exist, and what was sold under their guise was an alcohol solution brought from Argentina or Brazil, stupidly butted with water and doused with flavors and tannin.
I'm not a drinker - who has tasted modern Krasnodar wines? How do you like it? 
The city of Taman, so stuck in the teeth of Lermontov, who served here and sent Pechorin, the hero of our time, here, is a prosperous and good-quality Cossack village, even despite the references to narrow-minded and sometimes psychedelic Sovietism 
On the shore they built the popular Cossack village of Ataman, using the national flavor for monetization - to organize a health resort - so many thousand, a Kuban choir - so much, dances - so much 
Through the Crimea Strait.
New Crimean license plates are beginning to appear on the roads, where the trident of the Ukrainian license plate is sealed with a mutant eagle.
Those who drive around Ukraine with Russian license plates do the opposite - they cover the tricolor with a yellow-and-black flag - a sign that “I belong” 
Beyond Taman there is a dead end leading to the Tuzla Spit, which was famous at one time - this is an island-shoal between Kuban and Crimea, in a wide part of the strait.
At one time, the Tamanians, whose coast suffered from erosion - there are strong sea currents, began to build a dam in order to somehow cover the coast, and from the border post on the Tuzla spit this was perceived as the beginning of preparations for military action.
Hmmm, then the very phrase about the war between Russia and Ukraine sounded crazy.
Now I have left Taman to visit the ill-fated spit and wash my boots in the Indian Ocean, that is, the Black Sea.
Beyond Taman there is an excellent quality road. Ty, it’s strange - why would this excellent road lead, essentially, to a dead end?
However, the excellent road quickly ended and large-scale construction began.
Suddenly it dawned on me - oh, damn it, they are going to build a bridge to Crimea, if not the main road, then at least for transportation. 
I really hope that the bridge to Crimea will exist - this is the only thing that can somehow smooth out all this utter shame of its annexation, and do at least one useful thing.
But I don’t envy all the bridge builders - I don’t understand, to be honest, how they will build it - seismically dangerous places, strong currents, unreliable soil, rich in underwater mud volcanoes, active sea strait, deep water behind the Tuzla Spit.
There is talk that this will be one of the most expensive and complex bridges - from what I know, there is every reason to believe this. 
In short, to summarize, Kuban is truly a granary, a health resort, and sometimes even a forge.
Our Florida, our fields, our sea, main resort countries 
You can repeat endless instructive mantras about the need to improve the service, build quality, feed deliciously - but all this blah blah blah means nothing to anyone.
There will be no acceptable service. There will be no quality construction. There will be no tasty foods. 
Why won't it happen? Yes, because where will they come from if we are always waiting for THEM, some unknown THEM (if only we knew who it is, these incomprehensible “they”) to come and fix everything.
And this, God, do this. 
On the last day on the way to the sea, we drove through the Stavropol and Krasnodar territories. There are very few photos from this day.
A freshly repaired highway somewhere in the Stavropol region. I think I already said it, but it’s worth mentioning again that along our entire route across Russia (more than 3,000 kilometers), with a few exceptions, there were good or excellent roads. The exceptions were sections of roads being repaired and roads of regional importance in Bryansk region(but they were also being repaired there).
Sunflower fields were often visible along the road.
Unusual bus stop pavilion.
Nicholas Church built in 1856 in the village of Dmitrievskoye ( Krasnogvardeisky district Stavropol region). In 1909, the population of the village reached almost 15 thousand people. There were three temples, several schools and colleges, dozens of shops. Now there are less than 3 thousand inhabitants.
Road repair.
Strong brick houses with a hipped roof behind solid fences are typical of Kuban. Many of them are still pre-revolutionary. The roof ridge is often decorated with an openwork metal strip.
“If there is a heaven in the world, this is...”
People here live well. Many Kuban residents set up shops right in their backyards.
Krasnodar, where we stopped at the store. It seemed like a rich city.
We are leaving Krasnodar.
Highway M-4 leading from Moscow to Novorossiysk. When leaving Krasnodar, some passes through Adygea. There are many spontaneous markets on the roadsides where honey and the famous Adyghe cheese are sold.
Soon the mountains appear. Caucasus! Here he is short.
After the ascent, we overcome the Khrebtovy pass (360 m), thus crossing the Caucasian watershed and the border between Europe and Asia according to another version.
And descent. Already in the dark in front of Dzhubga we find ourselves in a large traffic jam. Here for the first time on this trip we saw a car with Belarusian license plates.
Late in the evening we finally reach the campsite in the Betta area.
Lesson topic: Traveling around the Krasnodar region.
Form: correspondence travel.
Purpose and objectives of the lesson:
Continue to introduce students to the nature of their small homeland.
To develop creative thinking and imagination of students through imaginative presentation of material.
To cultivate the emotional-volitional and moral qualities of the child’s personality.
To promote the development of the ability to research, analyze, compare, generalize.
Equipment:
Physical, administrative map of the Krasnodar region.
Multimedia support.
Materials for performing creative work.
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
I. Organizational moment
My friend, what could be sweeter?
Priceless native land?
The sun seems brighter there
The golden spring is more joyful there,
Cooler light breeze,
More fragrant flowers,
The hills are greener there
There the flow sounds sweeter,
There the nightingale sings more sonorously.
Nikolay Yazykov
II. Announcement of the purpose and topic of the lesson
(SLIDES No. 1, 2 )
– During the lessons of Kuban studies, you and I discovered an amazing
peace of our region, noted the bright character traits of the Kuban Cossacks and came closer to the main goal of today's meeting. What attracts the Kuban land, what does it mean for Russia? I suggest you make a few tourist routes, to show everyone how our region is unique, which has always aroused genuine interest among people living outside its borders.
III. Main part.
1.Teacher's opening speech. Sightseeing tour in the Krasnodar region.
( SLIDES № 3, 4)
The Krasnodar Territory was formed on September 13, 1937 and united 13 cities and 71 districts with a population of 2 million 993 thousand people. It then included the Adygea Autonomous Region with six districts centered in the city of Maykop. In 1991, Adygea separated from the Krasnodar Territory, transforming into the Republic of Adygea within Russia.
As of the beginning of the 21st century. The Krasnodar Territory includes 38 administrative districts, 15 cities of regional and 11 regional subordination, 24 urban-type settlements, 178 rural settlements. The territory of the region is 76 thousand square meters. km. The length of the border is 1540 km. The region borders on the Rostov region and Stavropol Territory, the republics of Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. The state border runs along the perimeter of the Krasnodar Territory Russian Federation with Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia.
In terms of population, the Krasnodar Territory ranks third in the Russian Federation - more than five million people live in it. The population is multinational. Russians, Armenians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Greeks, Jews, Germans, Circassians, and representatives of dozens of other nationalities and nationalities live here.
The administrative center of the region is Krasnodar with a population of about 800 thousand. The city was founded in 1793 by the Cossacks of the Black Sea Cossack Army and was named Ekaterinodar in honor of Empress Catherine 11. Currently, Krasnodar is a large industrial, industrial, educational and cultural center of the Krasnodar region.
2. Research multi-level group work with physical administrative card Krasnodar region (for 3rd grade)
Determine the number of districts into which the Krasnodar Territory is divided;
Find cities with airports:
Show sea cities ports;
Find the Republic of Adygea and its capital;
Determine the route by rail:
From Armavir to Krasnodar;
From Krasnodar to Timashevsk;
3. Route “Amazing nature of the region”
( SLIDE № 5)
The Krasnodar region is the southernmost part of Russia, which has long been called Kuban after the river that divides the region into the northern - steppe - and southern - mountainous and foothill parts.
– The nature of the Krasnodar region is unique: it high mountains with forests, glaciers, caves. Mountain rivers first flow rapidly through gorges into wide plains. The steppes are endless, cultivated by the workers of the region. The shores of two seas form the border of Kuban from northwest to southwest. (SLIDE NO. 3 )
The Krasnodar region is located within the Northwestern Caucasus. The length from north to south is 400 km. From west to east 360 km. The northern and central parts of the region are occupied by the Kuban Plain, and the southern parts are occupied by mountains Greater Caucasus. The uniqueness of nature lies in the diversity of landscapes and their alternation.
The Caucasus State University is also located on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory biosphere reserve. This scientific natural complex occupies 236.5 thousand hectares and is part of international network biosphere reserves.
4. Route “Kuban – health resort of Russia”.
(SLIDE NO. 6 )
– How wonderful nature is, how it helps people. Beneficial climate, warm seas, unique natural mineral springs and therapeutic mud, mountain and sea beauty - all this determined the direction of the Krasnodar Territory as the largest resort tourist region Russia and the CIS.
The main seaside resorts Russia: Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Yeisk, Taman, as well as picturesque resorts in the foothills of the Caucasus: Hot key, Apsheronsk, Krasnaya Polyana, Khadyzhensk.
– A beneficial climate and sea bathing are active natural biostimulants that, with the correct dosage, have a multifaceted therapeutic effect on humans.
Physical exercise.
5. Route "Olympic Kuban".
( SLIDE №7
Sochi is the capital of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. This city will be transformed into one of them best resorts European scale. More than 250 objects will be built here using the latest architectural and construction technologies. This sports palaces and modern hotels, medical rehabilitation, shopping and entertainment centers, numerous park recreation areas.
Sochi is a recognized international resort. One of the recognized objects is Krasnaya Polyana, - modern center tourism. The Mzymta Valley connects this wonderful corner with the Black Sea coast.
6. Creative task (individual, pair work)
– You can make a souvenir, a memorable gift for guests of our region. Display of works (optional).
IV. Summary of the lesson.(SLIDE NO. 8 )
– The territory of the Krasnodar Territory is one of unique corners Russia. Fertile fields with endless expanses of grain, well-groomed rice paddies, prosperous Cossack villages, huge mirrors of man-made reservoirs, forests and mountains, the fishy Azov Sea and the Russian Black Sea coast- all this is the fertile Krasnodar region. There is another Kuban with its own unique culture, rich history. The most important asset of our region is its courageous, hardworking, cheerful and hospitable people.
V. Reflection.(SLIDE No. 9)
Continue the offer
Kuban is... ( open spaces, sea, mountains, nature, Winter Olympics, etc.)
Irina Vlasova
Target: instilling love for the native land.
Program content: Give an idea about Kuban River as the largest and most beautiful river in Krasnodar region. Show the greatness of the river Kuban and the beauty of those places where it flows. Introduce: with a geographical map of the Krasnodar region, show on it the largest and deep river - Kuban: where it originates, where it flows; with the flora and fauna of the river. Foster a sense of pride in our great river.
Material: recording of the anthem of the Krasnodar region; geographic map Krasnodar region; photographs of fish, birds, wild animals living on Kuban River; set of pictures "Birds", "Fish"; video clip about Kuban River.
Progress of the lesson:
The first verse of the Krasnodar anthem sounds the edges:
Oh, Kuban, you are our Motherland!
Our age-old hero
High-water, free-flowing
You have spread out into all its breadth.
Guys, you have now listened to the first verse of the anthem of our region in which we live. What is the name of our region? (Krasnodar) What is another name for our region? (Kuban) How many of you know why they call it that? (due to the river Kuban) Right.
Look at the map of the Krasnodar region; a river flows through the entire territory of the region.
Its beginning is considered to be the confluence of two rivers Ullukam and Uchkulan, flowing from under the glaciers of Mount Elbrus. Length Kuban – 870 kilometers, of which more than 700 kilometers fall on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. Look what a huge journey it takes river: first flows in the mountains, then through the forest-steppe, then through the steppe and flows into the Sea of Azov. The history of the river is very ancient, there are many beautiful legends about it, listen to one of them.
A river has flowed from the North Caucasus Mountains since ancient times. Along the banks of the river, in the forests, lived a wonderful bird - Kuban. She was small, not very bright, but her voice sounded so that the sun rose in the soul of the one who heard it. Locals We really loved listening to the singing of this bird. Let's go, they said, to the river, Let's listen to the Kuban bird! Then they began to call the river Kuban in honor of this fabulous bird. Her voice still sounds on the river bank, but not everyone can hear it.
Vos-l: Today, guys, I suggest you go to trip along the Kuban River, on the boat. Come on in, take your seats, put on your life jackets, but before we go journey, let's remember the rules of conduct on river(don’t make noise, don’t throw garbage into the water and on the shore, don’t throw stones at frogs and birds) Is everyone ready? Let's start our journey.
(viewing slides accompanied by a story) In the upper reaches Kuban shallow, fast. In the middle and lower reaches its depth is significant, the banks become gentle. The vegetation of the banks is very diverse - reeds, reeds, and cattails grow here. Rich and diverse animal life world:
Rudd. A schooling fish of the carp family. On Kuban considered a trash fish.
Pike is common. This predator lives in coastal thickets, where it waits for its prey.
Roach - lives in fresh waters, and in overgrown algae. Roach in the Azov-Black Sea basin is called ram
And in overgrown reservoirs there are golden crucian carp. It has a tall body of golden color, with a light belly. Silver crucian carp is no different from gold carp, only in color. Lives in the same places, eats the same.
Catfish is the largest fish in Russia. Its length is about three meters and its weight is about one hundred kilograms. It feeds on fish, frogs, and waterfowl.
Pike perch - Large fish of the perch family, in Azov they grow up to 10-15 kg. It feeds on fish, preferably with a narrow body.
Bream - moves in schools, mainly in deep places. It feeds on both plant and animal food.
Crayfish - feeds on algae and fresh aquatic plants. Crayfish hunt at night. During the day, it hides in shelters (under stones, tree roots, in holes or any objects lying on the bottom, which it protects from other crayfish. It crawls, crayfish, backing away. In case of danger, it stirs up the silt with the help of its caudal fin and swims away with a sharp movement.
Heron - there are several species of this bird - white, gray, yellow, red, as well as night herons and bitterns, both large and small. Herons are migratory birds; they feed on fish, frogs and small animals.
Great cormorants are also found in these parts - very large birds that live on estuaries. This is not an ordinary bird species, as their appearance is quite unusual. The cormorant has a long neck, black shiny plumage and wide wings. He eats about one and a half kilograms of fish per day. Cormorants are excellent swimmers and can dive well.
In the same places you can see the mute swan, whose weight can reach up to 13 kilograms, and its wing length is about 70 centimeters. Such swans practically do not make a sound, but simply hiss, hence the funny name. They feed on plant roots and small aquatic invertebrates.
The avocet bird also lives on lakes and ponds. This is a very beautiful bird, black and white in color, with long legs that have a bluish tint. It feeds on small invertebrates, which it obtains with the help of its long beak.
This bird has a massive body, long curved wings, a slightly downward curved beak and well-developed swimming membranes on its legs. Seagulls obtain food both on water and on land. They love to hunt for fish, shellfish, crustaceans, flying and aquatic insects, and can even destroy bird nests.
The pelican is clumsy, with a massive body, large wings, short thick legs with a wide membrane between the toes, and a short rounded tail. The neck is long, the beak has a hook at the end. On the underside of the beak there is a well-stretchable leather bag used for catching fish. Their color is light - white, grayish, often with a pink tint.
IN Krasnodar region birds live on reservoirs, with interesting name Great Grebe, or as it is called differently, the great grebe. Great Grebe usually lives in thickets near water, and it deserves this name because its meat smells very strongly of fish. In general, this is a very beautiful bird - its back, neck and top of its head are dark brown, its cheeks are gray, and on its head there is a beautiful crest of a mixture of black and red feathers. She swims and dives very well, and builds her own nests in the water from reeds and cattails. If a great grebe leaves her nest, then, like a caring mother, she always covers it with aquatic plants to protect it from unexpected guests and the sun's rays. When her chicks appear, she carries them on her back for two whole weeks, sometimes going down to the water. The great grebe feeds on various mollusks and fish.
The jungle cat is larger than any of the domestic representatives cats: reaches 60-90 cm in length, weight from 8 to 12 kg. The body of the jungle cat is relatively short, the legs are high, the tail is not long (21-30 cm, and there are small tufts on the ears.
The jungle cat is perfectly adapted to living in dense thickets of reeds and thorny bushes along the low-lying banks of rivers, lakes and seas. The cat avoids open spaces, although in summer it constantly visits lumpy sands overgrown with saxaul near its habitat.
The otter leads a semi-aquatic lifestyle, swimming, diving and getting food in the water. An otter can stay underwater for 3-4 minutes.
It lives mainly in forest rivers rich in fish, less often in lakes and ponds. Found on the sea coast. It prefers rivers with whirlpools, with rapids that do not freeze in winter, with washed-out banks littered with windbreaks, where there are many reliable shelters and places for making burrows. Sometimes it makes its lairs in caves or, like a nest, in thickets near the water. The entrance holes of its burrows open under water.
In winter, when fish stocks are depleted and wormwood freezes, it is forced to wander, sometimes directly crossing high watersheds. At the same time, the otter descends from the slopes, rolling down on its belly and leaving a characteristic trace in the form of a gutter. On ice and snow it travels up to 15-20 km per day.
The otter feeds mainly on fish (carp, pike, trout, roach, gobies, and prefers small fish. In winter, it eats frogs, and quite regularly, caddis fly larvae. In summer, in addition to fish, it catches water voles and other rodents; in some places it systematically hunts waders and ducks.
Resurrection: Now let's make a stop, go out to the sandy shore, relax and play. Physical education minute “We quickly went down to the river...”
Di "Listen and guess". Pictures of birds are hung on the board; children use the descriptions to find and name the birds.
Questions:
1. Clumsy, with a massive body, large wings, short thick legs with a wide membrane between the toes, a short rounded tail. The neck is long, the beak has a hook at the end. On the underside of the beak there is a well-stretchable leather bag used for catching fish. (pelican)
2. This bird has a massive body, long curved wings, a slightly downward curved beak and well-developed swim membranes on its legs. They love to hunt for fish, shellfish, crustaceans, flying and aquatic insects, and can even destroy bird nests. (gull)
3. There are several species of this bird - white, gray, yellow, red, as well as night herons and bitterns, both large and small. They feed on fish, frogs and small animals.
4. These birds practically do not make any sound, but simply hiss. They feed on plant roots and small aquatic invertebrates. (swan)
Di "Fisherman".
Children use a magnet rod to catch fish and name them.
Vos-l: Guys, it's time for us to return to kindergarten, take your seats. I suggest once again admiring our beautiful river (video clip).
Vos-l: Guys, did you like our trip along the Kuban River? What do you remember, what new things did you learn? (discussion in progress)
Shchukina Olga Alekseevna, teacher, Kropotkin.
Educational area: cognitive development.
Kind of activity: directly – educational.
Age group: pre-school group.
Target: development of curiosity, formation of primary ideas about the small homeland and its nature.
Program content
Educational objectives:
To develop interest in cognitive activities;
introduce children to the Kuban River - the main body of water in the Krasnodar region, give an idea about its inhabitants and flora coastal zone.
Educational:
Develop curiosity, observation, attention;
develop interest in artistic expression, the beauty of poetic images and comparisons.
Educational:
To cultivate love for our small homeland and respect for its natural resources.
Preliminary work: Excursion to the local history museum, viewing postcards with views of the city of Krasnodar. Examination of illustrations depicting trees, shrubs, plants, animals, fish, birds and other types of flora and fauna of the Krasnodar region. Excursions into nature. Reading works of fiction, learning songs and poems about the Krasnodar region.
Vocabulary work: Expand lexicon through acquaintance with local natural sites.
Materials and equipment:“Motor ship”, multimedia projector, presentations: “Kuban open spaces”, “The fourth odd one. Fish"; tape recorder, sound recording of bird voices; illustrations depicting meadow plants, trees and leaf cards for these trees.
Progress of activities.
Educator:“Children, today we will go traveling along the river, which is the largest in our region.”
What is the name of our region? (Krasnodar or Kuban)
- And the most big river Kuban is also called... (Kuban).
The Kuban River originates in the Caucasus Mountains, on Elbrus and carries its waters thousands of kilometers to Sea of Azov. At first it flows through gorges.
- How else can you say about her? (rushes, splashes, runs, jumps, rolls, etc.)
- How does it flow? (Fast, swift, noisy, playful, etc.)
- Why? (Because of the rocks).
-Where does the river flow after coming down from the mountains? (On the plain).
The river connects the fertile right bank with the hills of the Kuban region.
- How does the river carry its waters here? (Smoothly, slowly, calmly, quietly, etc.)
— What part of Kuban do you think is convenient to travel in the mountains or the flat part? (In the flat part, since the ship will not be able to sail in the mountains).
You and I will swim to the end of the river.
— Where does the current of the Kuban end? (In the Sea of Azov).
To get on the ship, you need to go to the pier, which is located in our regional center... (Krasnodar). Let's remember what Krasnodar looks like to make it easier for us to navigate.
(This Big city With tall buildings. There are theaters, shops, museums, factories, parks, hospitals, exhibition halls, institutes, etc.)
We will go along Krasnaya Street to the embankment and board the ship.
Children pretend to be transport, move to the music room and take seats on the “ship”.
Educator: " Guys, look what beautiful view the Kuban expanses have opened up to us.” /Display of multimedia “Kuban open spaces”./
1 child: The sun soared over the fields.
The light swirls over the river,
And around, wherever you look -
The Kuban region, my native.
2nd child: Mighty mountains, steppe expanses.
The edge of the seaside coast.
Forests and glades, gardens and estuaries.
All this is our native Kuban.
Child 3: Mighty songs fly into the sky.
The open sky is blue.
And Russia has no more beautiful land,
What is ours - our native Kuban.
Educator: " Our Krasnodar has already been left behind, what can we see on the right side of the Kuban?” (Steppes plowed into fields where bread, vegetables, sunflowers, corn, sugar beets grow. Forest belts and gardens are planted there.)
- Children, look how many fish are splashing in the waters of the Kuban.
The game "Fourth wheel" is played. /Multimedia/
(Children name the fish and find an extra one that does not live in the Kuban River.)
Educator:“Children, if we look at the left bank, then there we will see beyond the Kuban plain. It's hilly. Near the mountains we see forests and groves where different trees and shrubs grow. Name them. (Oak, Linden, willow, maple, poplar, ash, chestnut, rose hip, hawthorn, hazel, thorn).
“And this is beech, hornbeam, dogwood, elderberry.”
Didactic game: “Recognize a tree by its leaf.”
Educator: Here we are sailing past the reserve, which is located on the right bank of the Kuban and is called “Red Forest”. The reserve is guarded by foresters and rangers. You cannot hunt in it or spoil plants. Let us get off the ship and walk very carefully and quietly through the forest so as not to scare away the animals that are hiding behind the trees and bushes.
-What animals do you see? (Wolf, bear, fox, hare, jackal, squirrel, roe deer, wild boar, raccoon dog, badger, aurochs, lynx, bison, hedgehog, mole, hamster, field mice).
- And look who lives there near the water? (Beavers, otters, muskrats, water rats, snakes, turtles).
A phonogram of forest noise and birdsong sounds.
Educator: " Let’s walk along the lawn and admire the meadow flowers.”
A didactic game is being played: “Name the plant”(according to the image).
(coltsfoot, oregano, knotweed, plantain, chamomile, marshmallow, St. John's wort, nettle, dandelion, clover).
Educator: " How many insects are there, name them.” (Dragonfly, wasp, bee, ant, grasshopper, butterfly, mosquito, fly, beetle, bumblebee)
Musical game: “Flowers and Bumblebees”(to the soundtrack).
Educator:“We’ll board the ship and sail along the river to the floodplains. Floods are formed from river overflows in low-lying areas. And now we are in the estuaries. Estuaries are small bodies of water connecting the sea and the river.
“Who do we see here?” (Geese, ducks, wagtails, herons, otters, muskrats).
Educator: Here is the Sea of Azov. Our journey ends. We saw how rich our region is. We will return home, we will remember the beauty of our native spaces, their inhabitants and remember that animals and plants decorate our lives and bring great benefits, so we must protect and protect them, not destroy them.