Springs, holy mineral springs, thermal baths of Russia. Is Lake Abrau on the verge of an environmental disaster? Who lives in Lake Abrau
Abrau Abrau lake in the southern part Krasnodar region, 14 km from the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. Abrau, a settlement part of the village of Abrau Durso. Abrau Durso village in Krasnodar region, 14 km from Novorossiysk, famous for its... ... Wikipedia
Village of Abrau Durso Country RussiaRussia ... Wikipedia
Abrau: Abrau lake in the southern part of the Krasnodar region, 14 km from the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. Abrau, a settlement part of the village of Abrau Durso. Abrau Durso is a village in the Krasnodar region, 14 km from Novorossiysk, famous for its ... Wikipedia
Abrau- a lake in the Krasnodar region, located 26 kilometers to northwest from Novorossiysk. The river that flows into the lake and the village on its shore has the same name. The lake is located at an altitude of 84 meters above sea level, its surface area is 190... ... Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus
This term has other meanings, see Novorossiysk (meanings). City of Novorossiysk Flag Coat of Arms ... Wikipedia
Coordinates: 44°42′ N. w. 37°35′ E. d. / 44.7° n. w. 37.591667° E. d. ... Wikipedia
- (Kuban Resorts) is a Russian brand used to popularize recreation on the Azov and Black Sea coasts of the Krasnodar Territory. Within its framework, they are promoting at the Russian and international level resort towns and recreational areas... ... Wikipedia
I the newest of administrative divisions Russia, occupies the western part of the Caucasus region and stretches in a long and relatively narrow strip along eastern shore the Black Sea, occupying the space between it and the main Caucasian ridge. Although Ch... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Resorts of the Krasnodar Territory (Kuban Resorts) is a Russian brand used to popularize recreation on the Azov and Black Sea coasts of the Krasnodar Territory. Within its framework, resort towns and... ... Wikipedia are being promoted at the Russian and international level
Resorts of Kuban Resorts of the Krasnodar Territory (Resorts of Kuban) is a Russian brand used to popularize recreation on the Azov and Black Sea coasts of the Krasnodar Territory. Within its framework, they are promoting at the Russian and international level... ... Wikipedia
Books
- An informal guide to Kuban. Between two seas, Oksana Korotchenko, Elena Aleksandrovna Ganul. You can’t go to Egypt, you can’t go to Turkey, but you can go to the Krasnodar region! A new informal guide for those who are tired of their usual vacation and who are looking for new sensations! Anapa, Gelendzhik, Krasnodar,…
Enough has been written about him in local history literature. It is worth noting that this is the largest freshwater lake Krasnodar region. In size it exceeds the famous Ritsu.
Its length is over 2600 m, maximum width 600 m, area 1.6 km2. The lake is fraught with mysteries related to its origin. Some scientists suggest that the basin was formed as a result of a karst failure, others that the lake is a remnant of the ancient Cimmerian freshwater basin, and others associate this with huge landslides.
The fame of the Abrau Peninsula is given not only by the lake, but also by the famous museum of Taman wines. Dozens are rushing here excursion buses per day to get acquainted with the history of the wine farm and taste the divine drink.
Description from the book "Guide to Kuban" by A. Samoilenko.
The mysterious Lake Abrau is located 14 km west of Novorossiysk, on the mountainous Abrau Peninsula.
A regular bus on the route Novorossiysk - Abrau-Durso winds between the hills as if in a green labyrinth. Sometimes villages flash by. Suddenly, below, in a mountain basin, a piece of emerald water surface appears from behind the trees next to white stone buildings. A few more turns of the winding descent, and the bus stops at the central estate of the Abrau-Durso state farm-factory, almost next to the lake. If you compare Lake Abrau with the famous Lake Ritsa, you can see a lot in common: a mountainous landscape, approximately the same length (about 3 km) and the greatest width (up to 800 m). The area of Lake Abrau is 180, Ritsa is 132 hectares. Wooded mountains are majestically reflected here and there in the greenish mirror of the water.
But you can immediately feel the difference in the relief, climate, vegetation, in the entire natural complex, associated with the height of the mountains and the different position of the lakes above sea level (Ritsa - 950, Abrau - 84 m). The peaks of the mountains around Lake Abrau are lower and more rounded, without sharp peaks, and the slopes are flat. The spots don't sparkle on them eternal snow, pointed firs do not bristle, but a broad-leaved forest with curly crowns of oaks, maples and lindens reigns supreme. And the whole landscape looks calmer, softer. Both the climate and the water here are incomparably warmer, so on the lake in summer season a lot of swimmers.
From a hydrological point of view, the main difference between these two reservoirs is that Ritsa is flowing, and Lake Abrau is drainless. The small river Abrau, a number of springs and temporary watercourses flow into it, which collect water from atmospheric precipitation from an area of about 20 km2, and there is no surface flow from the lake. The water entering it is spent mostly on evaporation. This also affects the quality of water. The lake retains all the substances brought by the water, and the process of self-purification of the stagnant pool proceeds slowly. The transparency of the water does not exceed one meter, while in Reed it is 9 times greater.
Meanwhile, Lake Abrau currently serves as the only source of industrial, agricultural and domestic, including drinking, water supply for the village. It is clear that protecting the reservoir from pollution is of paramount importance here.
In December 1974, the executive committee of the regional Council of People's Deputies declared Lake Abrau a natural monument. The security certificate was awarded to the Novorossiysk Society of Hunters and Fishers. The “Safety Certificate” states that logging is not allowed in the lake basin, except for sanitary purposes. It is prohibited to set up tents or park cars on the shores, and on the lake itself it is not allowed to keep motor boats, except for one service boat. There are rangers constantly on duty on the lake who monitor fishing rules, cleanliness and order on the lake.
The main mystery of Ober Abrau is the origin of its basin. Geographical name Lake "Abrau" translated from Abkhaz means "failure".
Geologists suggested that the basin was formed as a result of a karst failure. However, acquaintance with the shores of the lake shows that they are composed of flysch of Upper Cretaceous age. In the cliffs, folded layers of sandstones, marls, mudstones and clays are exposed. This contradicts the hypothesis of a karst sinkhole origin of the lake. The morphological features of the basin also do not agree with this hypothesis. Karst lakes usually occur in groups. They are characterized by a round shape and a funnel-shaped bottom. Lake Abrau has none of these signs.
According to another hypothesis, Lake Abrau is a remnant of the Cimmerian freshwater basin, which existed on the site of the Black Sea at the end of the Neogene period, more than 1 million years ago. This hypothesis explains well the composition of the lake's fauna. It is home to carp, carp, rudd, American (largemouth) bass and other modern fish species. But along with them there are also relict ones, for example herring. Among the bottom inhabitants there are a number of organisms characteristic of estuaries and the Caspian Sea. However, this hypothesis leaves open the question of the origin of the basin.
V.P. Zenkovnch, V.I. Budanov and V.L. Boldyrev, who in the 50s studied the origin of the relief of the coastal Black Sea zone, came to the conclusion that the defining feature of the structure of the shores of the Abrau Peninsula is ancient landslides - landslides formed during significantly lower sea level (40-50 meters below modern). When sea level began to rise at the end of the Neo-Euxinian time, abrasion intensified sharply and the balance of the slopes was disrupted. At the same time, the humid climate contributed to the loosening and sliding of rocks. Huge blocks of flysch with a volume of millions of cubic meters collapsed along the slopes in the form of mountain collapses. Similar phenomena occurred in river valleys. Lake Abrau is dammed by one of these giant landslides, blocking the river valley.
This hypothesis explains well the morphology of the coastal zone of the sea. However, at the site of the alleged collapse, which allegedly blocked the Abrau River, there is no high mountains, from which such a wide and high rubble could fall.
According to other scientists, progress earth's crust at the turn of the new era shook the Black Sea coast. Before the earthquake, the Abrau River flowed into the sea. As a result of the earthquake, the mountains moved, closed the mouth of the river and created a lake. The presence of several hypotheses for the origin of the lake indicates the complexity and unresolved nature of this issue. Most likely, the last two complement each other.
Now about the depth of the lake. Some new guidebooks indicate that maximum depth it reaches 30 m. After taking measurements, we did not find a depth of more than 10.5 m. Most deep place is located at the southern end of the lake, where both banks are high and plunge steeply into the water. Data on a 30-meter depth, apparently, migrated to modern guidebooks from the last century. And during this time, severe siltation and shallowing of the reservoir occurred.
The siltation process occurs, on the one hand, naturally, without human intervention. Each stream emerging after rain carries its own load of debris into the lake. And in rainy years, when the lake level is high, the steep banks are washed away and landslides break off them. On the other hand, rapid siltation of a reservoir is also facilitated by economic activity person. During the post-war period, the cultivated lands of the state farm doubled. At the same time, the vineyards are processed by machines at greater depth and often along the slope. For these reasons, the loss of soil from the slopes has increased. And during the construction of the road around the lake, loose soil was dumped, again down the slope, and a considerable part of it ended up in the water.
Siltation is the most insidious “enemy” that threatens the existence of the lake. To stop this process, some precautionary measures are currently being taken. At the northern end of the lake, at the mouth of the Abrau River, a settling tank has been created. A special dam was built to cut off the shallow water from the rest of the lake. The shallow water will be deepened. Here, according to the designers, the turbidity should settle to the bottom, and clean water should flow into the lake through a span in the dam. The shores of the lake are leveled and strengthened with concrete, and the western steep slope, on which the vineyards used to be, is terraced for plantings of Crimean pine. The loss of soil from the terraced forested slope will be reduced.
The management of the winery state farm needs to pay attention to the strict implementation of measures for anti-erosion organization of the territory. From the vineyards located on the slopes of the mountains, such things are now being demolished a large number of silt that the sedimentation tank would not be able to keep the lake from silting.
Lake Abrau (Krasnodar region, Russia) - detailed description, location, reviews, photos and videos.
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Abrau is the largest freshwater lake in the Krasnodar Territory. It stretches 3 km in length, and the greatest width is 630 m. It is located on the Abrau Peninsula, 14 km from Novorossiysk. The picturesque lake gave its name to the famous Abrau-Durso sparkling wine factory, located on its shores.
The nature of the origin of the lake causes endless debate among scientists. The latter cannot agree on how this lake was formed: as a result of a karst failure, due to destructive landslides, or is it all the remains of the ancient Cimmerian freshwater basin.
However, local residents have their own versions of this case: of course, there was a touching legend about the unrequited love of a poor shepherd from Durso and the beautiful daughter of a rich man from Abrau. The girl’s parents locked her up with the words “it would be better if the village fell into the ground, and river waters they will flood it, so that the lovers will see each other at least once again.”
Lake Abrau is drainless, not a single river flows out of it, only one flows in - Durso, and numerous streams and springs from the mountains.
There is also an instructive version - they say, there was a large rich aul in this place, the inhabitants of which, boasting of their wealth, wanted to pave the road to the sea with gold and silver. But higher powers could not tolerate such pride: as punishment, the entire village sank underground, and a lake formed on top.
The name Abrau translated from Turkic means “collapse”, “failure”, thereby confirming the versions from ancient legends.
Lake Abrau today
The depth of Lake Abrau is about 11 m. However, the elders claim that until recently its maximum depth was about 30 m: unfortunately, the process of silting and shallowing of the reservoir continues, despite the measures taken.
Lake Abrau is drainless, not a single river flows out of it, only one flows in - Durso, and numerous streams and springs from the mountains. There are several springs at the bottom of the lake, but without natural flow, the waters of the lakes still go somewhere.
Around Lake Abrau
Surround the lake low mountains with gentle slopes covered with rich relict forests: oaks, hornbeams, colorful shrubs, pyramidal poplars, weeping willows. In calm weather, the water of the lake presents a completely idyllic picture - an emerald mirror in which wooded mountains are reflected. The height of the lake above sea level is 84 m.
At night, Lake Abrau amazes impressionable citizens with a strange white stripe on its surface - even in winter this stripe is the last to freeze. Pragmatic people explain this by the special action of wind and water, plus the springs that bubble up at the bottom of the lake in this place. But of course, there were numerous versions of the origin of the white stripe with varying degrees of realism.
There is a continuation of the legend of lovers in the explanation of the mysterious stripe on the lake. Allegedly, in sadness, the girl wanted to drown herself when she saw that the entire village had gone under water, but the waters of the lake froze, she walked through them like dry land, and on the other side her lover was waiting.
In summer, the waters of the lake warm up to +28 °C; many enjoy swimming in its waters. The color of the lake is an amazing emerald green, and the slight turbidity of the water is explained by the presence of limestone in the rock of the mountainous Abrau Peninsula.
How to get there
In Abrau-Durso, excursions to the famous Taman wine factory are regularly organized. The excursion program includes not only the Wine Museum, but also a visit to the lake.
In addition, you can get to the lake by regular bus Novorossiysk - Abrau-Durso: Ending station- the central estate of the Abrau-Durso state farm-factory, almost next to the lake.
In 1974, the local executive committee of the Council of People's Deputies awarded Lake Abrau the status of a natural monument. His “Safety Certificate” states that logging in the lake basin is prohibited, and you cannot move on its surface. motor boats, and on its banks willfully set up tents and arrange parking lots. There are rangers on duty at the lake, monitoring fishing rules, cleanliness and order on the lake. Tourists are invited to stay at a camp site in the southwest of the lake or at a specialized tent site on the southeastern shore of Abrau.
The clear, emerald waters of Abrau reflect the oaks, maples and linden trees that cover the coastal hills. Translated from the Abkhaz language, the name sounds like “failed.” Legendary and mysterious Lake Abrau-Durso is located 14 kilometers west of Novorossiysk.
This is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Krasnodar region. Its length exceeds 2.5 kilometers and its width is 600 meters.
There are many hypotheses and legends associated with the origin of the lake.
History of the origin of the lake
The main mystery of Lake Abrau is the origin of its basin. Scientists claim that it arose due to giant collapses of rock, softened as a result of a significant increase in air humidity caused by rising sea levels due to melting glaciers. However, at the site of the supposed landslide that blocked the Abrau River, there are no mountains of sufficient height from which it could fall.
According to another hypothesis, at the turn of the new era at Black Sea coast There was a significant displacement of the earth's crust. It caused the mountains to move, block the mouth of the river, and a lake was formed.
But there is a beautiful legend about Lake Abrau - Durso
In ancient times, there was a rich Adyghe settlement on this site. One day during the holiday local residents they began to throw pieces of bread into the water. Allah was angry and decided to punish everyone, with the exception of one innocent girl, whom he sent into the forest.
When she returned, she saw a lake on the site of the village. Having cried, she decided to drown herself, but the water appeared before her in the form of a bright path along which she walked from shore to shore.
This path is clearly visible on a moonlit night, and the stream that appears from shed tears is called “tears of a Circassian woman.” Interestingly, in winter this strip of water freezes last, thanks to the warm waters of the stream flowing into the lake.
The village of Abrau forms a single recreation area with the village of Durso.
How to get there
It is convenient to get from the Novorossiysk bus station to Abrau-Dyurso by minibus or by regular bus No. 102.
The estimated cost of a taxi from the Novorossiysk railway station will be 1000 rubles or 2000 rubles from the Anapa station.
Recreation opportunities on Lake Abrau - Durso
In summer, the water warms up to 28 °C, so many vacationers enjoy swimming here.
On the embankment of the village of Abrau there is a rental point for boats and catamarans; rental costs range from 75 to 150 rubles per hour; renting a two-wheeled bicycle costs 150 rubles per hour.