What are the names of the mountains in Kyrgyzstan? Majestic mountains of Kyrgyzstan. Why mountains attract tourists

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6-05-2014, 20:02

Mountain peaks

Aitmatov Peak
A mountain peak in Kyrgyzstan, located in the central part of the Kyrgyz ridge, in the area of the Salyk glacier. The height of the peak is 4650 m. The mountain received its name in 2000 in honor of the outstanding Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov. Until this moment she was nameless.
Boris Yeltsin Peak
Mountain peak in Kyrgyzstan. The peak is located on the Terskey Ala-Too ridge of the Tien Shan mountain system. Located on the territory of the Issyk-Kul region. Renamed in 2002 in honor of the first president Russian Federation Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin.
Vladimir Putin Peak
Mountain peak in . The peak is located in the Tien Shan mountain system. Located in the Chui region. Named in 2011 in honor of the second President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
Lenin Peak
A mountain peak located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. One of the “seven thousand meters” - the highest peaks of the former USSR. One of the highest peaks in Central Asia, located in the Pamir mountain system.
Pobeda Peak
Mountain peak, the highest point of the Tien Shan (7439 meters). Located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the Kokshaal-Too ridge, east of Lake Issyk-Kul, 16 km southwest of the Khan Tengri peak. It is one of the five seven-thousanders of the USSR (now the CIS), climbing which gives the right to receive the honorary title “Snow Leopard”.
Free Korea
A peak located in the Tien Shan mountains in the Kyrgyz range, in Kyrgyzstan, in the Chui region, in the territory national park Ala-Archa. Its height, according to various sources, is 4740–4778 meters.
Semenov Peak
Mountain peak in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. The highest point of the Saryjaz ridge (5816 m). Rising above the valley with the Northern Inylchek glacier. The peak was named after Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov, who explored the Central Tien Shan in 1857.
Sulaiman-Too
The sacred mountain in the Kyrgyz city of Osh, which in June 2009 became the country's first monument World Heritage. The mountain is a five-domed limestone outcrop, stretching from west to east. Its length is more than 1140 m, width - 560 m. Since ancient times it had a sacred meaning, as evidenced by the surviving petroglyphs.
Khan Tengri
Pyramid peak in the Tien Shan on the Tengri-Tag ridge on the border of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and. Height – 7010 meters (with the glacier), excluding ice thickness – 6995 m. Its name translated from Turkic means “Lord of the Sky”. Tien Shan (Heavenly Mountains) are located in the center of the area of residence of the ancient Turks.

Mountain ranges

Alai ridge
Mountain range of the Pamir-Alai mountain system in Kyrgyzstan and partly in Tajikistan. Height up to 5539 meters. Separates the Fergana and Alai valleys. The length of the granite-gabbro Alai ridge, between the Zeravshan mountain node in the west and 74 ° 48 "E in the east. Length is about 400 kilometers; the ridge is covered almost throughout its entire length with permanent snow and is replete with glaciers, especially in the west. The total area of glaciation is 568 km² The passes are very high and difficult.
Atbashi
Mountain range in the southern part of the Inner Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Separates the Atbashi depression in the north from the Chatyrkol depression and the Aksai syrts in the south. The length of the ridge is 135 km, maximum height– 4786 m.
Borkoldoy
Mountain range in the Inner Tien Shan, in the southeastern part of Kyrgyzstan. The length of the ridge is about 100 km. The average height is 4300 m, the maximum elevation (in the western part) is 5049 m. There is significant glaciation on the northern slope. The ridge is composed of crystalline schists, marbles and granites. Semi-desert vegetation predominates on the slopes, while higher up there are rocks and screes with sparse xerophytic vegetation.
Jamantau
A mountain range in the Tien Shan, in Kyrgyzstan, located northwest of Lake Chatyr-Kul. In the west, beyond the gorge of the Arpa River, it adjoins the Fergana Range. The length of the ridge is about 70 km, the highest point is Karamoinok (4121 m). The ridge is composed of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The northern slope is gentle, the southern slope steeply drops to the Arpa valley. The ridge is covered with sparse steppe vegetation, and higher up – with alpine meadows.
Jetim
Mountain range in the Tien Shan, in Kyrgyzstan, south of Terskey-Ala-Too. The length of the ridge is about 120 km, the maximum height is 4931 m. The Naryn River flows along the southern foot. Steppe, meadow and meadow-steppe vegetation grows on the slopes. In the eastern part there are glaciers.
Dzhumgaltau
Mountain range in the northern part of the Tien Shan, in Kyrgyzstan. The ridge extends in the sublatitudinal direction for more than 100 km. The maximum height is 3948 m. In the west, the Kökemeren River gorge separates it from the Susamyrtau ridge. Dzhumgaltau is composed of tuffaceous sandstones, calcareous-mica shales and granites. On the slopes there are meadows with dwarf juniper trees, meadow steppes with shrubs, areas of juniper forests and spruce forests.
Zaalaisky ridge
A latitudinal ridge separating the Pamirs and the Alai Valley. The highest point of the Trans-Alai Range is Lenin Peak. The ridge has significant glaciation. From the tops of the ridge there are views of the Central Pamirs, in particular the peaks of Communism and Korzhenevskaya.
Trans-Ili Alatau
Mountain range in the north-west of the Tien Shan (on the border with Kyrgyzstan). It extends for 360 km along 43° N. w. The prevailing heights are 4000–4600 m, the highest point is Talgar Peak (4973–5017 m). The northern slope is relatively flat, strongly dissected by the left tributaries of the Ili River, the southern slope steeply drops off to the valleys of the Chilik and Chon-Kemin rivers (the right tributary of the Chu).
Inylchektau
Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Located in the basin of the left tributaries of the Saryjaz. The ridge stretches in a sublatitudinal direction between the Inylchek and Kaindinskaya valleys. Its length is about 65 km, maximum height is 5697 m. The ridge is composed of metamorphic shales and limestones; covered eternal snows and glaciers. On the slopes there are numerous rocks and screes, at the foot in the west there is a high-mountain semi-desert.
Kaindy-Katta
Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Located in the Saryjaz River basin, it stretches south of the Kainda Valley. The length of the ridge is about 65 km. The maximum height is 5784 m. The ridge is composed of metamorphic shales and limestones. Covered with eternal snow and glaciers, especially in the eastern part. The slopes are dominated by rocks and screes, and at the foot in the west there is a high-mountain semi-desert.
Kakshaal-Too
A mountain range in the Central Tien Shan system, on the border of Kyrgyzstan and China. The length of the ridge is about 400 km, the highest point is Pobeda Peak (7439 m). The ridge is composed of clayey shales, sandstones, limestones, intruded by granite intrusions. The predominant alpine terrain with with total area glaciation 983 km². On the northern slope there are steppes, on the southern slope there are meadow steppes and alpine meadows.
Kyrgyz ridge
A mountain range bordering the Chui Valley and the Moyynkum Desert from the south. Kirghiz is one of the mountain ranges of the internal Tien Shan in the territory of Kyrgyzstan, partly in the territory of neighboring Kazakhstan.
Koksuysky ridge
Located in the Western Tien Shan, on the border of Kyrgyzstan and. The length is about 70 km, the average height is about 2000 m. From the southeast it borders the valley through which the Koksu River flows, flowing into the Charvak reservoir.
Kuylyutau
Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan, in Kyrgyzstan. Located between the Kuylyu and Uchkel rivers (Saryjaz basin). The length of the ridge is about 50 km, the maximum height is 5203 m. The ridge is composed of limestones, metamorphic schists, and granites.
Kungoy-Ala-Too
Mountain range. Along with the Trans-Ili Alatau, it forms the Northern Tien Shan. The ridge is elongated in latitudinal terms (from west to east) and has a length of 275 km in a straight line. It borders from the north the basin in which Lake Issyk-Kul is located (from the south the same basin is limited by the Terskey Ala-Too ridge).
Moldotau
Mountain range in the Inner Tien Shan, in central Kyrgyzstan, south of Lake Sonkel. The ridge stretches generally from west to east, between the valleys of the Kökemeren and Naryn rivers. The length of the ridge is about 150 km. The maximum height is 4185 m. It is composed mainly of limestone. On the lower sections of the slopes there are mountain steppes and meadows, above there are areas of spruce forests and juniper forests.
Naryntau
Mountain range in the Inner Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. It stretches almost latitudinally along the left bank of the Naryn River. The length of the ridge is about 130 km. The maximum height is 4530 m. The ridge is composed of limestones, granites, and metamorphic schists. The northern slope is steep with rocky gorges, the southern slope is flatter, with clay-sandy hills at the foot. Mountain-meadow and meadow-steppe landscapes, rocky highlands with rocks and screes on steep slopes dominate. Areas of spruce forests have been preserved in the gorges.
Saryjaz
Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan, on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and part of Kazakhstan. It is located between the Saryjaz River in the north and its left tributary the Inylchek River in the south. The length of the ridge is 113 km, width – up to 16 km. The average height is 4370 m, the highest point is Semenov Peak (5816 m). The ridge is composed of metamorphic schists, granites, and marbled limestones. Permafrost rocks are common starting from an altitude of 3000 m.
Sonköltau
Mountain range in the Tien Shan, in the southeastern part of Kyrgyzstan. It arcuately frames the basin of Lake Sonkel from the north. The length of the ridge is about 60 km, the maximum height reaches 3856 m. It is composed mainly of limestone. On the northern slope and at the top of the ridge there are alpine meadows, on the southern slope there are subalpine meadows and steppes.
Susamyrtau
Mountain range in Kyrgyzstan, in the Inner Tien Shan system, southeast of Talas Ala-Too. The length is about 125 km; maximum height - 4048 m. The ridge is composed mainly of granites and metamorphic schists of the Lower Paleozoic. There are glaciers. In the western, lower part, the ridge is broken through by the through gorge of the Chichkan River (the right tributary of the Naryn). Landscapes of mountain meadows and rocky highlands predominate.
Talas Ala-Too
A mountain range located in the Western Tien Shan system. His most of located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, and partly in southern Kazakhstan). This ridge separates the Talas Valley from other ridges and valleys of the Western Tien Shan and the western part of the so-called Inner Tien Shan. The length of Talas Ala-Too is about 270 km, the highest peaks up to 4,482 m are Mount Manas.
Terskey Ala-Too
Mountain range bordering the Issyk-Kul basin from the south. The Terskey Ala-Too ridge is located in the north-eastern part of Kyrgyzstan and closes the basin of Lake Issyk-Kul from the south. Its ridge stretches in a latitudinal direction for 375 kilometers and rises in its highest part, located south of the city of Karakol (formerly Przhevalsk), to 5281 meters above sea level (Karakol Peak). The average height of the ridge is about 4500 m. The Terskey Ala-Too ridge is very beautiful in its diversity of landscapes. In one day you can see the beauty of red sand cliffs, wild forest and snowy peaks spread wide over the greatest lake Issyk-Kul. Each gorge is unique and inimitable in its design.
Turkestan ridge
A high-mountain ridge of latitudinal direction, about 340 km long, belonging to the Gissar-Alai mountain system. Through the mountain junction of Matcha, the ridge joins the Alai Range in the east, and extends to the Samarkand Plain in the west. The northern slope is long and gentle, with juniper forests and woodlands, the southern slope is short and steep, with rocks and screes. From the south, the Zeravshan River Valley is separated from the Zeravshan Range.
Fergana ridge
Mountain range in the Tien Shan, which stretches from the southeast to northwest, separating the Fergana Valley from the Inner Tien Shan. The length of the ridge is 225 km. In the southeast, where the ridge is most elevated, it adjoins the Torugart and Alaikuu ridges through the Syok pass. The ridge has an asymmetrical structure with long and gentle southwestern slopes and steep northeastern slopes. The spurs of the Fergana Range include the Babash-Ata, Suugan-Tash, Soryun-Döbe and others.
Chatkal ridge
The mountain range in the Western Tien Shan, bordering the Fergana Valley from the north-west, has a length of about 200 km, with a height of more than 3000 meters, for example Mount Big Chimgan with a height of 3309 m, Mount Kyzylnura with a height of 3267 m and Okhotnichy (Aukashka) peak with a height of 3099 m , coniferous-deciduous forests, juniper woodlands, alpine meadows. It is located on the territory of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan and the Jalal-Abad region of Kyrgyzstan.

Glaciers

Korzhenevsky Glacier
Complex valley glacier on the northern slope of the Trans-Alay Range (Pamir). Located east of Lenin Peak, at the headwaters of the Dzhanaidartak River in Kyrgyzstan. The length of the glacier is 21.5 km, area – 73 km². The feeding area is located at altitudes up to 6200 m, the firn line is at an altitude of 5100 m. The glacier flows in a deep valley and descends to 3840 m. Two-thirds of the tongue is covered with a moraine cover.
Lenin Glacier
Mountain basin glacier on the northern slope of the Trans-Alay Range (Pamir), in Kyrgyzstan. The length of the glacier is 13.5 km, area – 55.3 km². An extensive firn basin lies at the foot of Lenin Peak (7134 m), the firn line is at an altitude of 5300 m. The tongue of the glacier descends to 3760 m, from where the Achiktash River, the left tributary of the Kyzylsu, begins. The right tributary of the glacier is pulsating: in 1945 and 1969 it cracked and advanced by 500 and 1000 m.
Mushketov Glacier
A valley tree-like glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, located on the northern slope of the Saryjaz ridge, at the headwaters of the Adyrtor River, a left tributary of the Saryjaz River. The length of the glacier is 20.5 km, width – from 1 to 1.8 km. Area – 68.7 km². The feeding area lies in a huge cirque at an altitude of 4500–5500 m, the firn line is at an altitude of 4100 m. The tongue of the glacier ends at an altitude of 3440 m. The lower part of the glacier is covered with moraine for 5 km.
Petrov Glacier
Glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Akshiyrak mountains. It gives rise to the main source of Naryn - the Kumtor River. The glacier's area is 73.9 km². Length – 14.3 km, width at the bottom – up to 1.8 km.
Semenov Glacier
Glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Located on the northern slope of the Saryjaz ridge in the upper reaches of the river of the same name. The glacier is about 21 km long and up to 1.5 km wide. The glacier was discovered in 1857 by Russian explorer Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov (later Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky), in whose honor it received its name.
Northern Inylchek
A complex valley glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, in the upper reaches of the Inylchek River, a left tributary of the Saryjaz. The length of the glacier is 38.2 km, area – 181.2 km². Previously, Northern Inylchek merged with the Southern Inylchek glacier, and is currently connected to it by a section of dead ice that serves as the bottom of Lake Merzbacher and Lake Superior.
South Inylchek
Valley tree-like glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, in the upper reaches of the Inylchek River, the left tributary of the Saryjaz. Southern Inylchek is the largest glacier in the Tien Shan. Its length is 60.5 km, area – 567.2 km². The glacier begins in huge cirque-shaped firn pools at an altitude of up to 7440 m. The tongue of the glacier, whose length is 43.2 km with an average width of 2.2 km, descends to 2800 m.

Passes

Bedel
Pass in the Tien Shan mountain system, across the Kokshaaltau ridge. Located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, at an altitude of 4284 m above sea level. There is a road connecting the pass with the village of Barskaun, located on south coast Lake Issyk-Kul. Near the pass is the source of the Yshtyk River. Historically, the pass served as an important caravan road along the Great Silk Road.
Kyzyl-Art
Pass in the Trans-Alai Range on the Pamir Highway on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The Osh-Khorog highway goes through the pass. The height of the pass is 4280 meters above sea level. From the north, from the Alai Valley, the ascent to the pass is quite gentle, along a picturesque gorge, where panoramas of glaciers and snow-capped peaks open up. The descent from the pass to the south into the wide desert valley of the Markansu River is relatively steep.
Taldyk
The pass in the Alai Range is oriented from north to south and connects the Gulcha River valley in the north with the Alai Valley in the south. The height of the pass is 3615 m. The highway passes through the pass - a section of the Eastern Pamir Highway, connecting the city of Osh with the village of Sary-Tash in the Alai Valley.

Mountains

Akshiyrak
Mountain range in the Tien Shan, on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. Forms a watershed between the upper reaches of the Naryn and the rivers of the Saryjaz basin. The massif consists of three en echelon parallel ridges of sublatitudinal strike. The length is about 50 km, the maximum height is 5126 m. It is composed of metamorphic schists, limestones, and granites. Highland - subnival and glacial-nival landscapes dominate.
Hissar-Alay
Mountain system in Central Asia, part of the Pamir-Alai. Gissaro-Alai is located west of the Pamirs, between the Fergana Valley in the north, the Karshi steppe, the Tajik depression and the Alai Valley in the south. The eastern part of the system is located in Kyrgyzstan, the middle part is in Tajikistan and the western part is in Uzbekistan. The length of Gissaro-Alai from west to east is about 900 km, the width in the western part is up to 150 km, in the eastern part – up to 80 km.
Pamir-Alai
Mountain system in southeast Central Asia. Administratively located on the territory of Tajikistan, partially in Kyrgyzstan (in the northeast), Uzbekistan (in the west) and Turkmenistan (in the southwest); eastern and partially southern edge enters China and Afghanistan.
Tien Shan
Mountain system located in Central Asia in the territory four countries: Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

The abundance of landscape resources or interesting geological features often plays an important role in determining the international tourism image of the country concerned. Tourists can travel thousands of kilometers just to see such famous natural wonders light like the Himalayas, the Great Barrier Reef, Grand Canyon, Fuji, etc.

The main natural attractions of Kyrgyzstan: lakes Issyk-Kul, Sary-Chelek, Son-Kul, Tien Shan and Pamir mountains, Inylchek glacier, Khan Tengri, Pobeda, Lenin peaks, Jety-Oguz gorge, Kozho-Kelen valley, Kokomeren river, Arslanbab forests, numerous gorges and passes, mysterious caves, waterfalls and healing springs are important landscape elements that have the potential to attract large numbers of visitors. While none of these sites are the tallest, largest, deepest, or rarest in the world, they are strikingly beautiful and world-class attractions. However, it should be emphasized that no more than 15% of the potential of these attractions is used.

The mountain landscape of the republic is complex and extremely diverse. The lowest altitude of the territory above sea level is 401 m, and the highest is 7439 m. More than 93% of the territory is occupied by mountains and only 7% falls on valleys and plains.

A characteristic feature of the landscape is the alternation of high mountains and intermountain basins, sultry deserts and dry mountain steppes, alpine and subalpine meadows, high-mountain glaciers and peaks.

It is not for nothing that Kyrgyzstan is called the “country of heavenly mountains”. Almost 90% of the territory of the republic lies above 1500 meters above sea level. Other peaks of mountain ranges soared up to 6, or even 7 thousand meters. There are three highest peaks (after the peak of Communism in the Pamirs, 7495) here: the peaks of Pobeda (7439), Lenin (7134), Khan Tengri (6995).

Difficult peaks attract brave athletes. Climbers from various cities and countries come here every year to conquer the icy peaks of the Tien Shan.

The first ascent to the Khan Tengri peak, which was considered inaccessible, was made on September 11, 1931 by the expedition of M. T. Pogrebetsky.

It has a pointed pyramidal shape, composed of marbles and marbled limestones. Translated from the Kyrgyz language it means “lord of the sky.”

Located 20 km south of Khan Tengri. The first ascent was made in 1938 by members of a Soviet expedition led by A. A. Letavet. The peak was called the peak of 20 years of the Komsomol.

In 1943, Soviet topographers led by P.N. Rapasov determined the true height of the peak - 7439 m and it was named Pobeda Peak.

The most high peak Chon-Alai ridge - Lenin Peak- rises in its central part on the border of Kyrgyzstan with Tajikistan. The crest of the ridge, above which Lenin Peak rises, has a continuous cover of firn and ice. The glaciers of the Big and Small Saukdar descend to the south, and to the north - Lenin glacier.

The first Soviet ascent of the mountain was made by climbers E. Abalakov, K. Chernukha, I. Lukin in 1934. Having reached the top, they laid a stone tour on it, wrapped it in scarlet cloth and installed a bust of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Eternal ice, 50-degree frosts, blizzards, blizzards. We associate all this with the Arctic, Northern Arctic Ocean. But it rarely occurred to anyone that sunny Kyrgyzstan has its own Arctic, which in some ways is not inferior to the Arctic of the Far North. The same ice, the same frosts, the same blizzards and blizzards and all this all year round.
“A transcendental country” in the truest sense of the word. Gigantic mountains hold her on their shoulders, clouds hide her from human gaze...

The sky-high country has its own seasons, which essentially boil down to eternal winter. There is unmelting ice there, the glaciation area in the Tien Shan is 7200 square meters. km. Glaciers are storehouses that store water among the vast waterless expanses of Central Asia. Here the word “water” is a synonym for the word “life”.

The volume of water contained in the glaciers of the Central Tien Shan is 650 cubic kilometers. The glaciers surrounding Issyk-Kul contain 13 times more water than all its 80 rivers bring into the lake annually.

In the Khan Tengri massif alone, glaciers occupy an area of almost 2.5 thousand square meters. km, equal to the territory of Luxembourg.

One of the largest centers of glaciation in the Tien Shan, and throughout Central Asia, is Akshiyrak. There are 131 glaciers in Akshiyrak.

The largest in the Tien Shan and the second (after the Fedchenko glacier in length) of the mountain-valley glaciers is Enilchek, consisting of Southern and Northern Enilchek. The length of Southern Enilchek is more than 60 km. On the left side it has tributaries-glaciers: Zvezdochka, Dikiy, Proletarsky Tourism, Komsomolets and others.

The Northern Enilchek, or Reznichenko Glacier, is separated from the Southern by the latitudinal Sredinny Range with the Khan Tengri Peak in the east. Its length is more than 38 km.

It was first described by the geographer-researcher of Central Asia A.V. Kaulbars in 1869.

90 years after this, glaciologists found that since the time of Kaulbars, the glacier had shortened by 1.5 km.

Glacier is one of the wonders of the Tien Shan. Named after the German traveler who first described it.

Between the South and North Enilchek glaciers there is a lake filled with melt water from the glacier and snowy shores. The mountainous shores of the lake are encased in ice in some places. From time to time, a “piece” weighing several thousand tons breaks off from them and crashes into the water with a roar. It will dive, and then come up and float like a white iceberg.

Gradually, the lake fills up, the water level becomes higher, the pile of hummocks and icebergs rises higher until the ice floes that until now “plugged” the hole somewhere at the bottom rise. There is a lake breakthrough. The water goes into a tunnel cut by it in the thickness of the glacier and goes under the ice bed for about 20 km, breaking out at the place where the glacier ends and the Enilchek river begins.

Sometimes up to two spillways occur in a year, usually occurring in August and September. During the breakthrough, the small river Enilchek becomes a powerful and formidable stream, which carries huge boulders like grains of sand. When the water subsides, the retaining wall of the glacier is exposed - 40-60 m.

Then the lake gradually fills with water again, and it again murmurs along the wall in light streams, flowing into the valley.

When the spillway is in progress, there is a roar along the entire route of the sub-ice channel. Strange noises You can also hear it near the lake: a low guttural roar, as if someone huge was swallowing stones and grinding them in his monstrous stomach. This is Enilchek's voice. The glacier resembles a 24-hour stone rolling factory. There are never lunch breaks here.

Can ice be called hot? Everyone knows that its temperature does not rise above zero. However, a day spent on a glacier will reward you with burns that can only be obtained by being in the flames of a fire.

A square centimeter of the horizontal surface of the Tien Shan glaciers at noon receives 1.5 calories of heat per minute, and about 600 calories during daylight hours. With light cloud cover promoting heat return, the amount of solar heat on the glacier can increase to 800 calories. These numbers are the maximum for our planet. Neither at the equator nor in the tropics is there such a high voltage of solar radiation.

“The country of mountains”, Kyrgyzstan can also be called the “country of valleys”. There are many valleys in the republic - wide and narrow, sunny and shady, fertile and desert. The most famous of them is Chuyskaya.

The most important of the intermountain basins are: low-mountain depressions - Talas (length 140 km, width up to 26 km) and Chui (250 and 60 km, respectively); mid-mountain - Issyk-Kul (250 and 70 km) and Srednenaryn (170 and 54 km); alpine - Aksai-Myudyurumskaya (180 and 30 km) and Alaiskaya (165 and 25 km). The most extensive of the basins is the Fergana basin, 340 km long and 160 km wide.

The Tien Shan is characterized by many formidable natural phenomena. One of the most destructive is an earthquake.

It may last a fraction of a second, but cause enormous damage. Scientists have calculated that about a million earthquakes of varying strength occur on Earth every year. Of these, more than 100 thousand are recorded by sensitive instruments. About a thousand of them are destructive and more than a hundred are catastrophic.

Every year and repeatedly our mountains tremble. Mountain building in the Tien Shan is not complete, the mountains are still “growing”, this is one of the reasons for earthquakes. Nowadays, in all major cities in the Tien Shan and in the neighboring lowland regions of Central Asia, seismic stations are equipped with the latest instruments, which keep a round-the-clock watch, sensitively listening to the pulse of the planet.

In 1975, the Institute of Seismology was founded as part of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR. Its tasks are to study seismicity on the territory of the republic, monitoring the deformation of the earth's crust in order to detect signs of an earthquake.

The Institute of Seismology has determined the degree of seismic hazard for a number of regions of Kyrgyzstan, in particular, microseismic mapping of Frunze, Tokmak, Rybachye, and Osh has been carried out.

The strongest earthquake in the Tien Shan (magnitude 10 at the epicenter) over the last 2-3 centuries occurred on the night of January 4, 1911. Its epicenter was located in the middle reaches of the Chon-Kemin River. It went down in history as the Kemin earthquake. Only in the river valley Chon-Kemin killed 248 people and many livestock.

Scientists have calculated the energy of the earthquake. It turned out that the energy released in this case was equivalent to the amount that the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station can produce in 325 years with all turbines at full load.

In November 1946, the Chatkal earthquake struck with a force of 9 points, in 1954 - the Dyurbeldzhinsky (7 points), in 1955 - the Ulugchatsky (6-7 points), in 1958 - the Sonkul (6-7 points), in 1961 - Alai and Mailisai (6 points), in 1962 - Kokyangak (7 points). Other catastrophic earthquakes are also memorable. Tashkent (1966), Sarykamysh (1970), Tyup (1978).

The destructive power of mudflows is enormous - mud-stone flows that suddenly appear and act briefly in river beds. One of the catastrophic mudflows occurred in June 1966 from a dam breakthrough mountain lake Zhashil-Kel in the valley of the river. Tegersword. The lake appeared 200 years ago from an earthquake.

With a terrible roar, large granite boulders were thrown out of the broken dam, like artillery cannonballs. Water gushed after them, dragging the mud and stone mass with it. The lake has disappeared. To the river valley Tegermech collapsed 15 million cubic meters. m of water along with 3 million cubic meters. m of stones and dirt. According to specialists' calculations, the maximum flow rate reached 5 thousand cubic meters. m per second.

Humanity does not remain an outside observer of the manifestations of the unbridled forces of nature. Hydrologists of the republic have taken into account the prevalence of mudflow-prone valleys, which helps in the fight against the destructive power of mudflows. Nature itself suggests the path to taming mudflows. It turns out that the more mountain spurs are covered with forest, the fewer mudflows are formed on their slopes.

In addition to forest reclamation works, the construction of seleduks over canals and roads, as well as mudflow protection dams near settlements. An avalanche of snow, which the mountains can bring down at any moment, is a powerful weapon ice world against the person invading it. Nothing predicts its appearance: the sky is clear, the sun is shining, there is no wind, there is silence all around. And suddenly... the alarmingly growing whistle in an instant turns into a roar, a roar, an explosion. The sky, air, mountains disappear, the whole world begins to move - a white whirlwind, a white collapse, white heaviness, white death... This is an avalanche, one of the most formidable phenomena of nature.

No more than a minute passes, again - the gentle sky overhead, the hot sun, calm, silence...

There are six snow avalanche research stations operating in the snows of the Kyrgyz ridge, Susamyr, Kavak, and Chatkal.

“Avalanche watchers” monitor the behavior of snow, the development of avalanches, 24/7, predict the possibility of a disaster, and prevent it.

The unusual nature of glacial landscapes and landscapes, the dangers and difficulties that tourists experience while on glaciers are the strongest attractive factor. Glaciers are becoming a desirable tourist product and are widely used by tour operators in the resource base of adventure and extreme species tourism.

Kyrgyzstan is a state in Central Asia. Capital - Bishkek, big cities- Osh, Karakol, Naryn. This is a country with oriental flavor, nomadic yurts, noisy bazaars, archaeological sites from the times of the Great Silk Road.

Nature is one of the main wealth of the country. Kyrgyzstan surprises with its mountain rivers with waterfalls, unique mountain lakes and hot springs. Only here you can see the only relict fruit and nut forests in the world. Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied by mountains; the most outstanding peaks of the Tien Shan and Pamirs are located here. Climbing and trekking routes of varying difficulty are popular among tourists. IN winter time Ski resorts are active.

The cuisine is rich in meat and dairy dishes, among which kumiss has a special place. Tea drinking is a traditional ceremony, accompanied by local sweets and dried fruits. Handicrafts will make excellent souvenirs: felt clothing and carpets, jewelry and wood carvings.

The best hotels and inns at affordable prices.

from 500 rubles/day

What to see in Kyrgyzstan?

The most interesting and Beautiful places, photographs and brief description.

Very big and deep lake, the largest in the country. The maritime climate and convenient beaches have made Issyk-Kul popular among tourists. The infrastructure on the coast is very well developed and offers various recreational opportunities. The fauna of the reservoir is diverse, represented by many species of fish. The water is mineralized and has healing properties.

Large mountain system, part of it is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. On the border with China there is the most outstanding peak - Pobeda, its height is more than 7000 meters. The landscape is represented by deserts, glaciers, mountain rivers and lakes.

Nature reserve in the mountains. Forests untouched by man, mountain rivers with waterfalls, glacial lake- the gorge is very beautiful at any time of the year. It contains many hot healing springs. Mineralized water, radon water, hydrogen sulfide water - in one area the sources are all different. You can take thermal baths all year round.

The mountain in southern Kyrgyzstan is the country's first UNESCO monument. Appearance Suleiman-Too is unusual - it is an elongated five-domed massif of limestone rocks, more than a kilometer long. The mountain and its elephants are home to several historical sites and buildings dating back to different eras. There is also a museum of its history here.

In the mountains there is a village of the same name, a resort, a tract, waterfalls and a unique relict walnut forest. This is one of the most beautiful resorts south of the country. The area is picturesque and unique in its own way. Tourists at the resort are offered both walking routes and excursion trips on SUVs.

Natural park in the river valley. It is located near Bishkek and is its main attraction. In the gorge you can find all climatic zones of Kyrgyzstan. The vegetation and fauna are very diverse, with many rare representatives. Popular place For hiking and mountaineering.

Picturesque gorge south coast Issyk-Kul. The long wooded valley is famous for its thermal springs(Jety Oguz resort) and picturesque red rocks. The Seven Bulls Ridge and Broken Heart Rock attract many tourists.

An archaeological and architectural complex, including an ancient minaret - the only surviving structure of the ancient settlement. The height of the tower was about 40 meters, now only half has been preserved. The building consists of several levels, all made of red brick. Nearby is a collection of stone tombstones and sculptures.

A structure built in the 15th century on the site of an even more ancient monastery. Located in a secluded valley among the mountains, not far from the border with China. Monument of medieval architecture. Later it was used as a caravanserai for merchants traveling along the Great Silk Road.

Most ancient monument Republic, a unique architectural structure of the 14th century. The building is the tomb of one of the daughters of the local ruler Amir Abuk. The mausoleum is made of brick and terracotta, decorated with carvings and inscriptions.

In the Saimaly-Tash tract, in the depths of the Fergana Range, there is an ancient sanctuary of fire worshipers. Many stones are decorated with ancient petroglyphs; their age is estimated at several thousand years. In total there are about 20 thousand stones with images in the valley.

One of the Tien Shan glaciers, the largest of all. Its outline resembles a tree, the crown of which is formed by about 70 other, large and small, glaciers. The area of Inylchek is about 500 km², and the length of the “tongue” is almost 50 kilometers.

A large alpine lake located between the Tien Shan ranges. Popular ecotourism destination. Part of the coast of the reservoir is part of state reserve. There is a lot of fish in the lake, and a variety of birds nest on the shore.

Deep and long fresh lake, the second largest in Kyrgyzstan. Located high in the mountains, on the territory biosphere reserve. It was formed about 10 thousand years ago. The banks are wooded and very picturesque. Popular route for ecological tourism.

A real oriental bazaar with a variety of goods and sellers not only local, but also from neighboring countries. There is more choice here than anywhere else in Central Asia. The market is the same age as the Great Silk Road, which ran through this place before. The bazaar is more than 2000 years old and it has not changed its location during this time. Very large, almost a kilometer long. Open daily, seven days a week.

Peaks of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is a country, a third of whose territory is occupied by the Pamir and Tien Shan mountain ranges. Among them there are 3 peaks, the height of which exceeds 7 thousand meters. Climbing the 5 highest “seven thousand meters” of the post-Soviet space is the dream of many summit conquerors.

Lenin Peak, today called Abu Ali ibn Sino, with a height of 7134 m, is an ideal option for climbers who want to conquer a seven-thousandth peak, but do not have sufficient experience. Due to the absence of significant difficulties, the relative simplicity of the route and the base camp located on a green meadow (3600 m), this peak is considered the most “friendly”. To climb Lenin Peak you need a minimum of professional equipment.

Khan Tengri Peak (7010 m) is considered one of the most beautiful and therefore desirable peaks, located at the junction of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and China. For its unprecedented beauty, the pointed peak of the Tien Shan is called the “Lord of the Sky” and is revered by border states as the place where the gods live.

Wayward Pobeda Peak, located at an altitude of 7439 m, is the highest point of the Tien Shan. Despite its great popularity, it is the least easily conquered and has the least number of routes suitable for climbing. The reason for this is believed to be unpredictable weather, which can change dramatically in just a few minutes. It is possible to “defeat” the mountain only during a short summer period (July - August); the only successful winter attempt to climb was made in 1990, and for many it resulted in a long recovery period in the hospital.

Lenin Peak is located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and, being the top of the Trans-Alai Range, is considered one of the highest points of the Pamirs. Its height of 7134 m was one of the first to be discovered among the 5 famous seven-thousanders and has been climbed the largest number of times. There are 16 fairly simple routes along the southern and northern slopes of the mountain, so Lenin Peak, recently renamed Abu Ali ibn Sino, is considered one of the favorites for both beginners and experienced climbers and skiers.

Often, a series of five ascents necessary to complete the Snow Leopard program begins from Lenin Peak. No less interesting than the climb is the descent from the top. The main advantage of this part of the Pamirs is considered to be relatively stable and favorable weather conditions. But, despite the numerous advantages, we must not forget about the difficulties inherent in all seven-thousanders: thin air, high physical and mental stress, low temperatures, poor meteorological conditions and cracks in glaciers.

A comfortable ascent is also facilitated by the well-equipped Achik Tash starting base (3600 m), located on a green alpine meadow, and camp No. 1 at an altitude of 4400 m.

Khan Tengri

Climbing the Khan Tengri peak with a height of 7010 m reveals unique landscapes of exceptional beauty to the conquerors. For its majestic and beautiful appearance, the pointed peak of the Tien Shan is called “Lord of the Sky” and “Divine House” by the Kyrgyz and Kazakhs living nearby.

Khan Tengri is a young mountain with slopes that have not yet been smoothed by the winds, but a fairly predictable character. Avalanches often occur from sheer and steep ledges, rocks are torn off and ice floes break off, which often complicates the ascent. Few people decide to climb to the top point, but those who have been there are happy to share their incomparable impressions. There are about 25 relatively safe routes to the highest point from the south and north. By following them together with an experienced guide, you can get around dangerous places and get to your desired destination safely.

The sharp conical shape of Khan Tengri is considered close to ideal and is known for its beauty throughout the world. All summer long, many climbers come to the foot of the mountain. Testing their character and willpower, spending the night in tents and warming themselves by the fire, the conquerors of the peaks discover a poorly studied planet and find a new meaning of existence.

Pobeda Peak - the highest and most unyielding point in Kyrgyzstan, rising above sea level to 7439 m. This peak is one of the five mandatory mountains in the CIS and one of the three seven-thousanders in Kyrgyzstan, for conquering which you can receive an honorary title and a “Snow Leopard” token.

Despite the fact that the first ascent to Pobeda Peak took place back in 1956, the mountain every time resists its conquerors with all its might. Not every 8,000-meter climb can match the ascent of even the safest southern slope. This is due to unpredictable weather conditions and complex, deceptive terrain. The slopes are characterized by frequent avalanches, very low temperatures dropping below -30ºC, and icy winds reaching and often exceeding speeds of 150 km per hour.

Simplest southern route The climb is rated at 5 points out of 6 possible difficulty levels. A number of northern routes reach the highest level of danger. Even the slightest mistakes and negligence cost the lives of many experienced climbers. And although modern technologies, equipment and equipment make the task of conquerors much easier mountain peaks, only a few were able to achieve the desired height here. Only physically strong, mentally strong and sufficiently prepared people are able to reach the winning point. Conquering the peak is akin to a real victory and is considered a feat among mountaineering athletes from many countries.

Ak-Sai horseshoe

In the northern part of the Kyrgyz Alatau, in the Ala-Archa gorge, one of the most interesting concepts of the Tien Shan range is located - the Ak-Sai horseshoe. Its traverse includes 14 peaks, starting from an altitude of 3900 m and up to the highest peak of Semyon - Tien Shan with an altitude of 4879 m above sea level. Peaks also include:

l Box and Cosmonaut peaks located at 4200 m;

l 4300 m – Geologists Peak, 4380 m – Dvuhrogaya;

l from 4400 m – Simagina peak, Teke-Tor;

l over 4500 – Baychechekei peak, Teacher;

l 4600 m and 4650 m – peak Ak-Too and Scriabin;

l 4700 m - Bailang Bashi and 4740 m - Korea.

The traverse is well suited for sport mountaineering. Depending on the difficulty, there are 25 routes of the penultimate category of difficulty. Most often, climbers climb peaks up to 4500 m high. Among the 8 routes of the highest level of difficulty are the peaks of Korea and Corona.

One of the advantages of this area is its compact location and proximity of routes to parking lots. The 4 huts in the area of Racek and Corona have different capacities. 2 shelters at an altitude of 3400 m can accommodate a total of 50 people. A little higher, at an altitude of 3700 m, the Koronskaya site and Nauka hut can accommodate up to 11 people. And although the buildings are not particularly comfortable or furnished, the bunks and table available inside are quite enough for a good rest after getting up.

Beginners and novice athletes who want to gain additional experience and training before climbing can train in the Adygen glacier circus. Highest point out of over a dozen peaks that reach the 3rd category of difficulty, it is located at 4,404 m above sea level. There is also a well-equipped and comfortable camp with all amenities, furnished like a hotel.

The mountains of Kyrgyzstan are mighty giants that try to rise higher than the sky, cutting white clouds with their icy tops. Tours to these places are very popular among fans of extreme recreation who come here from many countries. On the territory of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan there are two mountain ranges: Tien Shan and Pamir, considered the highest in Asia.

History of the mountains of Kyrgyzstan

The mountains in this area are mentioned in ancient writings and notes of travelers who visited this region on expeditions, all information about which over several centuries has become overgrown with many legends.

One of the first scientific research surveys was carried out by the expedition of P. Semenov in 1856, who made a description and detailed study of the area, for which he received an honorary addition to the surname Semenov-Tianshansky from the Russian Tsar. He was the first to draw a diagram of the ridges, explore Lake Issyk-Kul, discover the Khan-Tengri pyramid and reach the glaciers in the Tengri-Tag group.

To answer the question about what mountains are in Kyrgyzstan, you need to see them with your own eyes. Mountain ranges here they have an alpine relief, which is characterized by numerous mountain ridges and high sharp peaks; less common are flatter areas of ancient origin, usually inclined to one side due to folding.

There are many glaciers and screes in the highlands, all mountains over 3500 m high are rocks frozen to a depth of 30-100 m, the peaks are covered with snow, the snow line runs at an altitude of up to 3800-4200 m, some areas are considered dangerous due to avalanches .

Tien Shan Mountains

Translated from Chinese language they are called "Heavenly Mountains", which stretch in a west-east direction and consist of 88 ridges. The Tien Shan range is the mountains of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan; it is rightfully considered the longest in Asia (2800 km). In its center are the most high mountains: Pobeda Peak (7440 m) and Khan Tengri Peak (almost 7000 m), there are also 40 more peaks with a height of more than 6 thousand m.

Most of the ridge is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and is divided into 6 alpine-type zones. The republic is 92% mountainous; ridges divide it into northern and southern parts, connected by a highway between the cities of Bishkek and Osh. The average length of the ridges is 100-300 km, and the width reaches 40 km. Almost all climatic zones are represented, from taiga and rocky tundra to alpine meadows, where pastures are located in the southern part of the mountains.

Kyrgyzstan is constantly used by climbers and nature lovers for climbing mountain peaks, horseback riding, rafting on mountain rivers, since the time Soviet Union. Even then, the beauty of this region, despite the great distance from civilization and the high complexity of the routes, became popular among all tourists and climbers.

Valleys and lakes

There are many high mountain valleys in the Tien Shan, which are used for fertile pastures, because... covered with grass. At the foot of the ridges there were strips of high-mountain depressions that turned into lakes and swamps, the most famous of which is Issyk-Kul.

According to researchers, the Tien Shan mountains were covered during the glaciation era with very powerful glaciers, the remains of which are found in the form of ramparts, moraines, cirques and lakes. All rivers of Kyrgyzstan originate from these places.

The mountains of Kyrgyzstan are especially beautiful in the spring in May, when all the valleys are covered with flowers: yellow and red tulips, edelweiss, etc. Flowers in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan look unusual against the backdrop of snow-capped mountains.

Lake Issyk-Kul is the pearl of the Tien Shan, occupying a deep depression (702 m) between mountain ranges, is the third deepest reservoir in the CIS.

Pamir Mountains

Another massif of Kyrgyzstan, represented only by its northern part, - Pamir. The most famous ridges here are the Trans-Alai and Turkestan, average height is 5.5 thousand m, and the highest peak of the Pamirs is Lenin Peak (7134 m).

The Pamirs are the largest mountain system in the world, located in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and China. The climate here is continental, less humid compared to the Tien Shan and more sunny. The Trans-Alai ridge has a length of 200 km in Kyrgyzstan and continues in China for another 50 km, has sharp peaks, and even deciduous shrubs grow in the valleys. The highest peak of the Trans-Alai Range is Sat Peak (5900 m).

Mountains in Kyrgyzstan: names of peaks and description

The highest mountain peaks of Kyrgyzstan, regularly visited by climbers:

Pobeda Peak is the northernmost of the 7,000-meter mountains, was first discovered in 1938, has a height of 7439 m, is located on the border with China in the Kokshaal-Too ridge next to Lake Issyk-Kul. Climbers call it the most formidable and inaccessible, because... Only highly qualified athletes with good training can conquer it. The difficulty of climbing it is determined by the harsh climate, sudden gusts north wind, steep slopes combined with intense cold. This peak was first noticed visually by the conquerors of the Khan Tengri peak in 1936, who 2 years later, under the leadership of L. Gutman, assembled an expedition to examine the open peak and were able to conquer it.

Khan Tengri Peak, which in translation from the Turkic language means “Lord of the Sky,” falls short of the 7,000-meter peak by only 5 m, but is ranked among them in terms of complexity. When climbing this peak, climbers adhere to an interesting ritual: each newly arrived group digs up a capsule with information about the climber (surname, date) laid by the previous one, then writes their own and buries it again. Local residents gave the peak another name “Kan-Too” (“Bloody Mountain”) for a large number of accidents that happen to daredevils who ascend to it. The peak is also famous for its picturesque views.

Lenin Peak is the most visited in the Pamirs, because... climbing it is quite simple and does not have strict health requirements for climbers. As a rule, all tourists get to the base camp by car from the city of Osh.

Mountain peaks that are slightly lower than seven thousand meters in height:

Peaks Chapaev (6370 m), Przhevalsky (6450 m), Marble Wall (6400 m) and Tent (6700 m) are located in the central part of the Tien Shan.
Peaks Karakol (5216 m), Nansen (5697 m), Pyramid (5621 m), etc.

Glaciers of the mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan

There are many glaciers in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan:

The Korzhenevsky glacier is located in a valley on the northern slope of the Trans-Alay Range, 21.5 km long.
The Lenin Glacier is a mountain type in a basin in the northern part of the same ridge, 13.5 km long, lying at the foot of Lenin Peak.
Mushketov Glacier - belongs to the tree type, located in the center of the Tien Shan, on the northern slope of Saryjaz, length 20.5 km and others.

Mountain passes

To get from one valley to another, you need to use several of them in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan:

Bedel - located in the Tien Shan mountains, passes through the Kokshaaltau ridge on the border between China and Kyrgyzstan, altitude 4284 m, was part of the Great Silk Road for many years and was a famous caravan road.
Kyzyl-Art is a highway located on the Pamir Highway, passes through the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, altitude 4280 m, in the northern part the rise is gentle and picturesque, in the southern part it descends steeper into the valley of the river. Markansu.
Taldyk - the pass connects the river valley from the north. Gulchi and Alaiskub - a valley in the south, located in the Alai ridge, height 3615 m. A highway is laid through it, along which you can get to the city of Osh, on the other side - the village of Sary-Tash.

Sacred Mountain of Suleiman

The city of Osh is considered southern. In 2009, the city added another attraction - sacred mountain Suleiman-Too (Throne of Suleiman), which was recognized as a World Heritage Site.

Its history goes back more than one century, and all this time it has been famous as a place of sacred significance, which is confirmed by the petroglyphs on the mountain. Muslims still believe that this sanctuary has magical significance, giving those who come here with a request prosperity, health, offspring and everything that pilgrims ask for.

Mount Suleiman in the city of Osh in Kyrgyzstan is almost 1 km long and 1110 m high. Tourists and pilgrims can follow trails to the mountain (for a small fee) and admire the neighboring peaks and views of the city below.

There are places of worship on Suleiman-Too, each with its own meaning:

Sirat Bridge - according to legend, is the road to afterworld, along which only a person who has no sins can pass.
Ene-Beshik is a 2 m wide hole that affects the fertility of the female half of humanity.
Tamchy-Tamar is a hole that goes 8 m deep, helping to cure infertility and eye diseases.
Kol-Tash is a hole made of karst rocks, treats diseases in the joints.
Bel-Tash is a slab 3 m long, there is a groove in the middle; to cure back diseases, you need to ride on it at least 3 times, which children and old people do with success.
Bash-Tash is a hole next to the trail that is believed to cure headaches.

At the top of Suleiman-Too there is a prayer house "House of Babur", built in the 15th century and restored local residents in 1989, a museum with local exhibits was built inside the mountain.

Why mountains attract tourists

Kyrgyzstan is a country in Central Asia that attracts tourists with its fabulous and the most beautiful mountains, rich history, unusual culture and interesting traditions. It is considered a mountain paradise for mountaineers, rock climbers and travel enthusiasts: there are many peaks here that climbers strive to conquer in order to receive the title of “Snow Leopard”, here skiers can train in winter and summer, tourists and extreme recreation lovers can go hiking and down rivers .

The mountains of Kyrgyzstan are a land of glaciers and snow-covered fields and peaks, stormy rivers, blue lakes, many charming alpine meadows with bright flowers and fragrant herbs, a variety of plants and animals.