10 most famous archipelagos on the map. The largest archipelago in the world. Archipelagos located along the coast of Asia -

Archipelago State means a state which consists entirely of one or more archipelagos and may include other islands. The concept of “archipelago” means a group of islands, including parts of islands, their connecting waters and other natural formations, which are so closely interconnected that such islands, waters and other natural formations constitute a single geographical, economic and political whole or are historically considered such (Article 46 1982 Convention).

There are more than 30 archipelagic states in the world: Indonesia, the Philippines, Fiji, the Bahamas, Tonga, etc. An archipelagic state can draw straight archipelagic baselines connecting the most prominent points in the sea of the most remote islands and drying reefs, provided that the ratio between the area water surface and land area, including atolls, ranges from 1:1 to 9:1. The length of such baselines should not exceed 100 nautical miles (3% of lines up to 125 miles). The width of the territorial sea is measured from the archipelagic lines.

Archipelagic waters- these are the waters located within the archipelagic straight baselines, regardless of their depth or distance from the coast. The sovereignty of the archipelagic state extends to archipelagic waters. All ships and aircrafts enjoy the right of passage through archipelagic waters along established sea lanes and overflight such air corridors, without deviating more than 25 miles in any direction from the center lines of the corridors.

Archipelagic Passage along sea lanes constitutes the exercise of the right of normal navigation and overflight solely for the purpose of continuous, rapid and unhindered transit from one part open sea or exclusive economic zone to another part of the high seas or exclusive economic zone. All rules for transit passage also apply to archipelagic passage.

§ 6. Exclusive economic zone

Exclusive economic zone- this is a belt of maritime space located beyond the outer boundary of the territorial sea and adjacent to it, up to 200 miles wide, measured from the same baselines from which the width of the territorial sea is measured. This zone is not part of the territory of the coastal state; for it, the 1982 Convention established a special legal regime, taking into account the rights and jurisdiction of coastal states and the rights and freedoms of all other states.

In the exclusive economic zone coastal state It has: sovereign rights for the purpose of the exploration, exploitation and conservation of natural resources, both living and non-living, in the waters that cover the seabed, on the seabed and in its subsoil, and for the purpose of managing those resources, and in relation to other economic exploration and development of the specified zone, such as energy production through the use of water, currents and wind; jurisdiction in relation to the creation and use of artificial islands, installations and structures; marine scientific research; protection and conservation of the marine environment; other rights and obligations provided for by the 1982 Convention (Article 56).

The coastal state itself determines the permissible catch of living resources in its zone, without exposing them to the risk of depletion, and also establishes the conditions for fishing in the economic zone by citizens of other states. It may take such measures, including search, inspection, arrest and judicial proceedings, as may be necessary to ensure compliance with the laws and regulations adopted by it. The seized vessel and its crew shall be immediately released upon the provision of reasonable bail or other security; Penalties for fishing violations may not include imprisonment or other form of personal punishment.

The coastal state has the exclusive right to construct, as well as authorize and regulate the creation, operation and use of artificial islands, installations and structures that do not have the status of islands, do not have their own territorial sea and do not affect the determination of the boundaries of the territorial sea, adjacent and economic zones and continental shelf. They can only have a safety zone up to 500 m wide, measured from each point of their outer edge.

A coastal state has the right to regulate, authorize and conduct marine scientific research in its area, and adopt laws and regulations to prevent marine pollution in accordance with applicable international standards and norms.

All other states within the exclusive economic zone of the coastal state enjoy freedoms of navigation, overflight, and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines (taking into account already laid cables and pipelines). The 1982 Convention specifically states that Art. 88-115 (navigation, status of ships, duties of the flag state, immunity of warships, assistance, combating piracy, drug trafficking, prosecution and stopping of ships, etc.) and other relevant rules of international law apply to the exclusive economic zone.

Federal Law "On the Exclusive Economic Zone" Russian Federation", adopted on November 18, 1998. 1 and consistent with the provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, contains the definition and boundaries of the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, issues of delimitation with neighboring states, basic concepts and definitions, the rights of the Russian Federation in the exclusive economic zone and the competence of federal government bodies. It is specially emphasized that the living and non-living resources of the exclusive economic zone are under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation; activities for exploration, fishing (development) of such resources and their protection are within the competence of the Government of the Russian Federation (Article 4).

The law regulates issues of rational use and conservation of living resources, research and development of non-living resources, resource and marine scientific research, protection and conservation of the marine environment, economic relations in the use of the exclusive economic zone and enforcement of the provisions of the law.

For the first time, it is clearly stated that licenses for fishing of living resources are issued by the federal executive body for fisheries, licenses for the research and development of non-living resources are issued by the federal executive body for natural resources, permits to conduct resource or marine scientific research are issued by federal executive authorities for fisheries (or science and technology, respectively). All licenses and permits are agreed upon with the interested federal executive authorities in the presence of a positive conclusion of the state environmental assessment, followed by state environmental control and monitoring. A fee has been established for the use of natural resources in the exclusive economic zone.

Federal body border service coordinates the actions of the bodies protecting the exclusive economic zone, which include the federal bodies for natural resources, environmental protection, customs, and state mining supervision.

The rights of security officials to stop and inspect Russian and foreign vessels carrying out permitted activities in the Russian exclusive economic zone, to check documents for the right to operate, to prosecute violating vessels and detain them, to impose fines on violators, as well as to use weapons are strictly regulated against lawbreakers. The liability of officials of federal executive bodies, as well as legal entities and individuals, for violations of the provisions of the Law has been established.

In accordance with Art. 46 of the 1982 Convention, an archipelago State consists entirely of one or more archipelagos and may include other islands; archipelago means a group of islands, including parts of islands, their connecting waters and other natural formations, which are so closely interrelated that such islands, waters and other natural formations constitute, or have historically been considered as such, a single geographical, economic and political whole.
Currently, there are about 30 archipelagic states in the world, for example, Indonesia, the Philippines, Bahamas, Jamaica, Vanuatu, Seychelles, Maldives, Fiji.
The largest archipelago state in the world is Indonesia. The territory of this archipelago state consists of 5 big islands(Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya) and about 30 smaller island groups. Their total, according to the Indonesian Oceanographic Service, is 17,508, of which about 6,000 are inhabited. The archipelago is located between two oceans (Indian and Pacific) and is a bridge from Australia to Asia.
Square Indonesian seas four times the land area and is 7.9 million km2 (including the area of the economic zone), while the land area is 1.9 million km2.
The issue of archipelagos was first discussed at the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1958. However, like the Hague Conference of 1930, due to differences in the positions of the participating States, no agreement was reached either on the definition of the legal concept of an archipelago or on the regime waters located between the islands of the archipelago.
As a result of the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea, a situation arose when, in the absence of special norms of international law, including customary law, on archipelagos, a tendency began to manifest itself towards the unilateral extension of state sovereignty to the waters of archipelagos. In 1955, the Philippine government declared that it regarded all waters between the islands of the Philippine archipelago, regardless of their breadth and extent, as national or internal waters subject to the exclusive sovereignty of the Philippines.
In 1957, the Indonesian government declared the extension of Indonesia's absolute sovereignty to all waters located between the islands that make up the Republic of Indonesia. In the case of Indonesia, the sovereignty of the coastal state was extended over vast sea basins, which have traditionally been used for international shipping. In particular, the 100-mile wide area of the Java Sea fell under Indonesian sovereignty. In inland waters the waters of the Karimata, Sunda, and Makassar straits were arbitrarily included. These straits were international, but since 1957, the regime for the passage of foreign sea vessels through them began to be regulated by national legislation. This state of affairs could not guarantee foreign ships the right of unhindered passage.
By taking steps to extend their sovereignty to the waters lying between the islands that are part of the land territory of the archipelago state, the latter indicated that this meets their political, economic and security interests. A certain role in this was played by the fact that the archipelagic states that made such claims were, for the most part, until recently colonial or dependent countries.
Of course, this seriously affected the interests of a large number of countries using the sea. There was a need to resolve this issue on a compromise basis by balancing the interests of both the archipelagic states and all other states interested in using the water spaces between the islands of the archipelagos, which have long had the status of the high seas, for shipping, aircraft flights, and the like.
The development of international legal norms on archipelagos was undertaken within the framework of the III UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, which culminated in the inclusion in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of a special section (Part IV), entitled “Archipelago States,” which provides a definition of an archipelago, archipelago states, the principles of delimitation of archipelagic states are determined, the legal regime of waters located between the islands constituting the land territory of archipelagic states is established, and the rights of other states to use such waters are fixed.

Archipelagos - full list archipelagic countries and archipelagos belonging to different states, broken down by oceans and parts of the world.

What is an archipelago and what are they like?

Archipelago – it is a complex of islands located close to each other. The archipelagos are similar in geological structure. According to their origin, they are all:

Mainland

This is the name for archipelagos that were originally part of the mainland, but as a result of the movement of tectonic plates, they separated from the land and formed a complex of islands. The most striking example of a mainland archipelago is British Isles. Also, these include New Earth, New Zealand.

Volcanic

These island complexes were formed as a result of volcanic activity, or are themselves volcanoes. Most often, in this case, the island is the top of a huge underground volcano, which peeks out from under the water. The most striking representatives of volcanic archipelagos are the Hawaiian Islands.

Coral

A complex of islands that arose as a result of the growth and death of underwater corals. Islands can be shaped like a ring or a semicircle - they are called atolls. Most of the coral archipelagos are located in the Pacific Ocean. The most famous coral archipelago is the Marshall Islands.

Alluvial

The island complex natural origin. They are complex hydraulic structures that are installed in water areas. Alluvial islands do not formally have the status of archipelagos and islands, since they are not natural objects. The most famous man-made archipelago is the Isle of Palms located in the Emirates.

Of course, they are not deserted and many have small states. The islands that make up the territory are in contact with each other and have geographical and political unity.

On this moment There are about 30 state TV stations in the world, located on archipelagos. These include the Philippines, Indonesia, Fiji. Archipelagic lines are used for contact between islands. All water space within these lines belongs to the archipelago-state.

The largest archipelagos

There are a huge number of archipelagos on our planet. The largest of them are

Malay
Japanese Islands
British Isles.

The Malay archipelago is considered the best and largest in the world. Its area is 2 million square kilometers and it includes more than 10,000 islands. The lands of this giant are located in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. The Malay Archipelago is home to many volcanoes and mountains, as well as many gas and oil fields. The population is dominated by fishing and farming.

The world's second largest archipelago is the Canadian Arctic. He is in Arctic Ocean. The area of this archipelago is approximately 1.3 million sq. km. The main population is Eskimos. This complex includes the islands of Ellesmere, Victoria, and Baffin Island. The archipelago is topically composed of various trails, mountains and plateaus.

Next large archipelago known to everyone - these are the same Japanese islands. They included many small islands, each of which is interconnected. Most of them are occupied by mountains and volcanoes, as well as coniferous forests. The geological situation there itself is extremely unstable - there are earthquakes and tsunamis. The bulk of the population is located directly Japanese island. Marine fishing is highly developed - fishing and crabs.

And last on the list, but not least, the archipelago is the British Isles. Its area is approximately 320 thousand square kilometers, the archipelago includes Great Britain, Ireland and many other small cities. Great Britain and Ireland are two states that are located on this territory.

List of archipelagos

This list shows all the existing archipelagos in the world. For our convenience, I divided them by territorial basis - the oceans where they are located, as well as into territorial subgroups of islands. Each of the lists is arranged in alphabetical order for your convenience. If there is a state on the territory of the archipelago, this will be noted in the list. You can find every archipelago on the planet, learn about it and perhaps consider it as a holiday destination.

Archipelagos of the Arctic Ocean –

complex northern islands located close to the Arctic. Characterized by a cold climate and low population density :

Franz Josef Land
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
New Siberian Islands
Belcher Islands
Severnaya Zemlya
New Earth
Spitsbergen
Queen Elizabeth Islands

Archipelagos of the Atlantic Ocean -

a vast complex of island clusters scattered across Atlantic Ocean. This includes a number of European and African archipelagos, as well as island complexes of North and South America. This includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the British Isles:

Archipelagos located along the coast of Europe -

British Isles
Inner Hebrides
Outer Hebrides
Hebrides
Channel Islands
Isles of Scilly St Kilda
Faroe islands
Shetland

Archipelagos located along the coast of Africa -

Bay of beautiful islands
Arquipelago dos Bijagos
Bajuni Islands
Saint Helena Islands
Saad al-Din
Sao Tome
Tristan da Cuna

Bermuda
Outer Lands
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tierra del Fuego
Magdalena Islands
St. Peter and Paul Rocks
Fernando de Noronha
South Sandwich Islands
islands

Macarenesian archipelagos -

Åland Islands
Azores
Wild Islands
Canary Islands
Madeira Islands

Archipelagos of the Baltic Sea -

Östergotland Archipelago
Södermanland Archipelago
Småland Archipelago
Caelix Archipelago
Turku Archipelago
Pitea Archipelago
Luleå Archipelago
Skellefteå Archipelago
Heparanda Archipelago
Eregrand Archipelago
Sea of the archipelago
Western Estonian archipelago
Stockholm archipelago
Swedish arch-lag east coast

Archipelagos of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea -

Los Roques Archipelago
Greater Antilles
West Indies
Virgin Islands
islands
Lesser Antilles
Windward Islands
ABC Islands
Leeward Antilles
Puerto Rican Islands
Leeward Islands
Florida Keys

Archipelagos of the Mediterranean Sea -

Campanian Archipelago
Maddalena Archipelago
Balearic Islands
Venice Lagoon
Dodecanese
Ionian Islands
Cyclades
Sporades
Tuscan archipelago

North Sea archipelagos -

Frisian Islands

Archipelagos of the Indian Ocean -

A complex of archipelagos located in the Indian Ocean. They have a tropical climate and heat. The archipelagos here consist of a large number of small islands. One of the most prominent representatives is the artificial World Archipelago :

Andaman Islands
Bonaparte Archipelago
Pirate Archipelago
Chagos Archipelago
Archipelago research
Mergui Archipelago
Zanzibar Archipelago
Amirant Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Comoros
Langkawi
Lakshadweep
Kerguelen Islands
Mascarene Islands
World Archipelago
Nicobar Islands
Islands of the Mozambique Channel
Socotra
Houtman Abrolhos

Archipelagos of the Red Sea -

Hurghada Archipelago
Farasan Islands
Dahlak Archipelago

Archipelagos of the Pacific Ocean -

it is the largest complex of archipelagos. This includes a huge number of islands and all the world's largest archipelagos. Of particular interest are the Asian archipelagos - the number of islands that make them up is the largest in the world. This complex includes both the archipelagos of the Americas and the aforementioned Asian ones, as well as the archipelagos of circumtropical countries. The climate varies from temperate to tropical:

Archipelagos along the coast of the Americas -

Andreanivsky Islands
Aleutian Islands
Alexandra Archipelago
Chiloe Archipelago
Guatecas Archipelago
Guayaneco Archipelago
Chonos Archipelago
Patagonic Archipelago
Wellington Archipelago
Queen Adelaide Archipelago
Fox Islands
Channel Islands of California
Islands of the Four Mountains

Archipelagos located along the coast of Asia -

Ryukyu Archipelago
Asian islands
Gorong Archipelago
Rio Archipelago
Tambelan Archipelago
Tadjuh Archipelago
Uotubela Archipelago
Cuio Archipelago
Sulu Archipelago
Chumphon Archipelago
Solor Archipelago
Greater Sunda Islands (Sunda Islands)
Gang Arc

There is such a thing as an “archipelago country”. What does it mean? What states can be classified as this type? And which country is located on 474 islands? The answers to all these interesting questions are in our article!

Archipelago as a geographical concept

If you look at the map Pacific Ocean, concentrating your attention on its southwestern part, you can see a huge number of islands of different sizes. Very often they are located in groups, forming so-called archipelagos.

The term itself is of ancient Greek origin and consists of two words: pelages - “sea” and arche - “old, ancient”. Initially, this term specifically designated a group of islands of Ancient Greece.

Islands within the same archipelago, as a rule, have a common genesis and are located on the same base (bottom). There are archipelagos of continental, volcanic and coral origin.

Archipelagic countries (list)

Each country has its own geographical position. Some states are located within the mainland, while other countries are located on islands.

Archipelagic countries mean those states that are located close to each other. Moreover, we are talking specifically about island groups. That is, for example, it is difficult to classify Croatia as this type, because its main part is located on the mainland.

Below are all the archipelagic countries (list):

Great Britain;
New Zealand;
Indonesia;
Kiribati;
Marshall Islands;
Solomon islands;
Seychelles;
Palau;
Tuvalu;
Tonga;
Japan;
Philippines;
Denmark.

It is worth noting that most of states from this list are located in South-East Asia and Oceania - the most “island” regions of the planet.

Which country has 474 islands?

As we see, in the modern world there are more than a dozen archipelagic states. In this list, one country is located on 474 islands. What is it called?

This country is Denmark. It is located in Northern Europe, just between the mainland and the Scandinavian Peninsula. Indeed, this country is located on 474 islands. All of them are characterized by lowland terrain and sandy soils. Only 70 of these islands are inhabited by people. The largest of them are Zealand, Bornholm, Lolland.

Denmark is one of the oldest powers in Europe. formed back in the tenth century. By the way, state flag Denmark is also the oldest in the world. The banner with a white cross on a red background has been known since the 13th century.

Modern Denmark is in the top ten of many world rankings. It's about on the level of education, health care, democracy, human development and GDP per capita. In addition, the Danes have been called the happiest nation in the world more than once.

We offer you a few more interesting facts about Denmark:

in the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen, there is the famous Tivoli holiday park, which served as the prototype for the famous Disneyland;
Denmark is the first country to make same-sex marriage legal;
The Faroe Islands, as you know, belong to Denmark. However, few people know that they won them at cards from the Norwegian monarch;
Strøget Boulevard in the center of Copenhagen is the longest walking street in Europe;
it was in Denmark that one of the most famous and recognizable writers on the planet, Hans Christian Andersen, lived and worked;
Danes are forced to pay one of the highest personal car taxes in the world;
Perhaps the most famous Danish product on the world market is the Lego children's construction set.

Finally...

Now you know which country is located on 474 islands. There are 15 archipelagic states in the world, which are located in different parts Sveta.