Before a tsunami, water moves away from the shore. The ocean has disappeared! In a rare occurrence, Hurricane Irma dried up the coast of the Bahamas. Signs of a tsunami

We swam in the sea and looked at the waves. We noticed that before the wave the water moved away from the shore. We decided that as soon as she started to move too far, we would fly out of the water and run as fast as we could.

We got it right with this one.

Today I watched videos and photos of the 2004 Thai tsunami. It went through all the places where we rested and swam. After carefully watching the videos, I came to the following conclusions:

1. Yes, before a tsunami the water recedes very strongly. Here in this video an eyewitness explains everything - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUgaqLw26gI. Like, the water began to recede. And she walked away very quickly and far. As we now know, when we see the water quickly receding from the shore, we must take our wives, children and cats in our hands and run as fast as we can in the direction of a hill. But then, in 2004, tourists on the shore did not think about it. Seeing that the water was receding, they ran to collect shells and fish in the sand.

2. The time from the high-speed ebb of the tide to the tsunami itself was about 5 minutes, as an eyewitness writes in the same video (there is a compilation of his mobile phone photos, video and explanatory text). Five minutes is not bad. I run 10 kilometers per hour in the gym. This speed is not the limit and is quite within the capabilities of even such old and relaxed Internet users as me. 10 km/h = 1 kilometer in 6 minutes. In general, if I see the water receding and start running, I will just run 1 kilometer. This is enough - Phuket is a mountainous island, as are the neighboring islands.

3. You shouldn't rely on animals - they are just as stupid as people. Here in this video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gbq412haY1c&list=PLABC32533330881F0&index=1&feature=plpp_video- in one of the frames you can see a cat running away. In some videos about the Japanese tsunami, birds are seen flying in flocks above the wave. Someone just told us a legend - they say that all the animals left the shore. This is stupid nonsense that can cost lives. Judging by the videos, many animals remained until the tsunami.

By the way, in the same video you can clearly see that people ran away from the tsunami. We stood on the shore, got our feet wet, saw that the water was approaching - we ran very quickly, found a house, climbed the stairs - uffffff. Survived.

4. In the event of a tsunami, you need to run to a strong multi-story building. The first floor or the wooden houses there are nothing at all. It floods completely, but the wood is demolished (I suspect due to the lack of a normal foundation).

5. Trees withstand the tsunami calmly, even almost without bending. However, I did not see anyone climbing the palm trees. It might be easier to just run away. But trees can be kept in mind if there are no alternatives.

6. It’s hard to swim out of a tsunami itself. Judging by the video from Thailand and Japan, a tsunami on land is like a very fast, muddy, heavy river with a lot of whirlpools and debris floating on the surface. All this is spinning, beating, dragging to the bottom.

7. Boats and ships can withstand a tsunami, although they run the risk of capsizing.. Small open-type boats are not an option, it gets very rough there.

8. The tsunami in Thailand came in several - at least two - waves. That is, there is no need to relax.

This is not a guide to action or a claim to absolute truth, these are simply my own thoughts about the tsunami. Next time I go to a tsunami-prone region, I will know that:
- animals have no faith
- rapid ebb of water is not good
- trees, hills and multi-story buildings are my friends
- if I see a fast ebb, I have a few minutes to reach a speed close to the speed of sound.

There are all sorts of elements on Earth: tornadoes, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, floods, fires, and so on. Many of them are destructive. Let's talk more about tsunamis. Many people know first-hand what it is. “Big wave in the harbor” is how the word “tsunami” is translated. We are talking about marine gravity waves that arise as a result of earthquakes (underwater, coastal) or the displacement of individual sections of the seabed.

Many people really know the destructive power of tsunamis. People are very afraid of this unbridled phenomenon. And this fear is passed on from generation to generation. Sometimes tsunamis are even called “rogue waves” because they have already claimed millions of lives.

A tsunami has the following characteristics:< ul >

wave height reaches 50 meters and above;
its propagation speed is 50-1000 km/h;
the number of waves arriving on the shore ranges from 5 to 25;
the distance between waves can reach 10-100 kilometers or more.
Do not confuse tsunamis with ship and storm waves. In the first case, the entire thickness of the wave moves, in the second - only the surface layer.

Tsunami: what is it - causes and signs

Scientists have been studying the nature of such a phenomenon as a tsunami for decades. Among the reasons that cause it are:

underwater landslides;
falling into the ocean or sea of meteorites, comets or other celestial bodies;
volcanic eruptions (underwater);
underwater earthquakes;
tropical cyclones, typhoons;
excessively strong wind;
testing of military weapons.

As a result of any of the above reasons occurring on the seabed, a force is released that creates lightning-fast movement of water. Most often, a tsunami is caused by underwater earthquakes.

Scientists can guess what the consequences will be after such a disaster. But it is extremely difficult for people to survive this, and more often it is impossible. It's no wonder why all the dinosaurs died at one time.

Is it possible to know in advance that a tsunami is coming? Of course, scientists have identified a number of signs indicating that a tsunami is about to happen. The first sign of a tsunami is an earthquake. Therefore, when you feel the first intense tremors, you can understand that the wave will be strong. The second sign is a sharp ebb. The further the water goes deeper into the ocean or sea, the higher the waves will be.

Tsunami: myths and truth

People live and do not know that not all the stories about the tsunami that circulate among people are true.
Myths:

Tsunamis can only occur in warm seas. This is wrong. They happen everywhere. It's just that tsunamis most often occur in the Pacific Ocean.
The power of a tsunami depends on how far the water has moved away from the shore before the disaster. In reality, it is the wavelength that depends on the water flow, not its power. And the coast does not always become shallow before a tsunami. Sometimes, on the contrary, the water is before the tsunami.
A tsunami is always accompanied by a large wave. No, a tsunami is not just a wall of water that hits the shore. In some cases, such a wall may not exist.
The arrival of a tsunami is always invisible. Yes, the elements do not clearly warn of their approach. But attentive scientists always notice the approach of a tsunami.
The largest is the first wave of the tsunami. This is not true again. The waves reach the coast after a certain period of time (from several minutes to an hour). And it is the waves following the first that often turn out to be more destructive, since they “fall” onto the wet shore when the resistance has already been reduced.

The truth is that animals always sense when a tsunami is coming. They try to leave the dangerous area in advance. Therefore, after a tsunami, you may not find animal corpses at all. At the same time, fish try to hide in corals. Perhaps it makes sense to listen to the “call” of pets for everyone who lives in seismic zones?!

How to escape from a tsunami?

The only thing that can save life in such a catastrophic situation is to flee inland. People who find themselves hostage to the elements must leave as soon as possible and run away from the coastline. In this case, you should lay your route away from river beds, because tsunami waves can reach there very quickly. Ideally, you should climb a mountain to a height of more than thirty meters. Those who are caught by the elements at sea should sail on a ship further out to sea, since sailing to the shore is simply pointless - certain death awaits there.
By following the recommendations, remaining calm and vigilant, and having good preparation, you can always save yourself from such a destructive element. But the best advice: if you are very afraid of dying during a tsunami, leave seismic areas. As you know, tsunamis are frequent guests of the coast, the Pacific Ocean (about 80% of all active volcanoes on Earth are concentrated here), Sakhalin Island, the Maldives, the coast of Australia, Japan, India, Peru, Thailand, Madagascar.

The figure shows in general terms how the tsunami wave profile changes at the last stage. Here 0 is the level of a calm sea, 1-7 successive wave profiles hitting the shore and throwing huge masses of water onto it.

From the picture you can see why the shore is shallowing...

But a tsunami is generated in the following way: shock is transmitted from the bottom to the surface of the sea. What is not true, however, is that this transmission caused heavy disturbances on the high seas. On the open sea, a tsunami wave is completely harmless; her tough temper will be revealed only when she reaches the shore.
So, suppose that due to an earthquake, the explosion of an underwater volcano, or a strong landslide, some section of the seabed quickly shifted, for example, upward. Since water is practically incompressible, the corresponding section of the sea surface will almost immediately shift upward - a small hill will appear on the water surface. This is the source of the tsunami; from him, like from a stone thrown into water, a wave will run in all directions.
When considering the movement of a tsunami across the ocean, it is necessary to take into account the enormous length of these waves, many times greater than the depths of the oceans. For tsunami waves, all seas and oceans are shallow water. The speed of tsunami propagation is described by the formula: V= root of g*H. Let us assume that the depth of the ocean is 4 km. Substituting the values g = 10 m/s2 and H = 4000 m into the mentioned formula, we obtain V = 200 m/s = 720 km/h.
The height and length of the tsunami wave (and therefore its energy) depend on the strength of the tremors, on how close the earthquake epicenter is to the bottom surface, and on the depth of the sea in the area. Obviously, the larger the scale of the bottom displacement and the faster these displacements occur, the more powerful the tsunami wave will be. All this, however, does not affect the speed of the wave, the tsunami, which is actually determined only by the depth of the ocean. The depth is different at different points in the ocean; The speed of the tsunami will change accordingly. Knowing the topography of the ocean floor and the place of origin of the tsunami, you can calculate how long it will take for the wave to reach one or another coast.

When approaching the shore, due to braking on the bottom, the wave length decreases, and the height naturally increases (as with any waves running, say, onto a beach) and can reach 30 meters (according to eyewitnesses). Moving at enormous speeds, up to 800 kilometers per hour (this is the speed of a modern aircraft), and suddenly falling on coastal areas, they cause enormous destruction and sometimes loss of life.

Among the southern and western Slavs, Mora is a demon who strangles and torments a sleeping person, falling on his chest at night.

Poles and Kashubians believe that if six or seven daughters are born in a row in a family, the last one becomes Mora.

According to Czech beliefs, children born with teeth become Mora, and according to Serbian and Croatian beliefs, children born with a “shirt”, usually bloody or blue, become Mora.

The Serbs believe that Mora is a girl who was born in a bloody shirt, which the midwife burned in a fire.

Serbs and Croats also believe that Mora is the daughter of a Veštica, and also that Moras are children conceived by a woman on a holiday or during her period.

According to Polish beliefs, the girl who produces Mora has two souls - good and evil, while the evil soul flies out of the body of the sleeping Mora and harms people, but Mora herself does not suspect anything.

Mora's demonic properties manifest themselves at night, and the rest of the time she is no different from those around her.

Western Slavs believe that Moras strangle people against their will when their time comes.

According to Bulgarian and Polish beliefs, Moras are the souls of people who died without confession, were buried in violation of the funeral ritual, as well as children of unbaptized or incorrectly baptized infants.

Poles, Czechs and Lusatians also have beliefs about Moras - men.

The Poles believe that Mora is invisible or looks like a vaguely visible human shadow, she has a transparent body, she is thin, bony, and has abnormally long legs, arms, and nails.

According to Serbian beliefs, Mora can take the form of a moth or mosquito, as well as animals associated with the other world: a bat, a cat, a mouse.

Mora climbs onto the chest of a sleeping person, crushes and tortures him, drinks his blood, and sucks milk from women's breasts.

According to some beliefs, there are several varieties of Pestilence: one sucks and strangles people, another sucks the sap of trees, the third sucks vegetables and weeds.

Mora's victim turns pale, withers and soon dies.

Mora can enter a room through any, even the smallest, opening, including a keyhole.

Poles and Kashubians believe that Mora moves in a sieve, on a broom, a wheel from a wheelbarrow, a reel, a spinning wheel (cf.

Spinning wheel) or in a cart with one wheel.

As amulets against Mora, a knife, a needle stuck into clothing, an ax or other iron object, garlic, a belt placed on top of a blanket, bread, and a mirror are used.

To stop visiting Mora, you need to recognize her.

To do this, the person whom Mora is strangling must tell her: “Come in the morning, I will give you bread and salt.”

The first woman to come in the morning will be Mora.

She needs to give what she promised, after which she will no longer come to this house.

You can get rid of Mora by catching the animal she turned into and crippling it.

A newborn with teeth was given a piece of wood in his mouth so that the child’s harmfulness would be transferred to it.

Mora comes from double-minded people.

The Polish pestilence is strangling sleeping people.

The Croats baptized Mora with a fig three times, after spitting on it, which tormented the child.

Interpretation of dreams from the Dream Book of the ancient Slavs

After Tropical Hurricane Irma moved towards Florida, water drained from the beaches of the islands in the Atlantic Ocean. People photographed this unusual natural phenomenon and recorded it on video. Many people panicked, but meteorologists said that this was normal and explained how it works.

On Saturday, September 9, strange photos and even videos taken in the Bahamas appeared on social networks. This archipelago is located north of Cuba and southeast of Florida, very close to where the eye of Hurricane Irma passes.

The photo shows that the waters of the Atlantic Ocean have gone far from the shore - so much so that the water is not visible at all. This is similar to what the coast looks like before a tsunami - but no earthquakes have been reported in the area. The vacationers were puzzled and scared.

“I can’t believe it. This is Long Island, Bahamas, and there is simply no water!!! As far as the eye can see."

“My family in the Bahamas says Irma sucked up all the water. There is literally no water. The beach and ocean are gone."

In the comments under his tweets, many write “Madness!”, “WTF” and advise running to some high place.

“When the water goes away like that, it could mean a tsunami is coming. Tell your people to GO TO THE HIGHER RIGHT NOW. Away from the coastline. Warn the others."

Other users also published photos from the same coast.

"The sea has dried up."

Meteorologist Angela Fritz explained the nature of this phenomenon to The Washington Post.

In the center of the hurricane, where there is an area of extremely low pressure, water is pulled upward. Low pressure acts like a pump: it sucks air in, and when it drops strongly enough, it can even change the shape of the ocean's surface. The hurricane takes water to the center, and it leaves the periphery.

The next day, eyewitnesses reported, the water returned to the beaches of the Bahamas. It is possible to compare what the seashore looked like from the same point on September 9 and September 10.

Irma passed through the Caribbean islands, causing terrible destruction (dozens of people died) and reaching the United States on Sunday. This may be the strongest storm to ever hit the Atlantic. While some hurriedly fortified their homes and swept goods off store shelves, others could not tear themselves away from the videos and photos of the storm. Irma seems to Internet users to be such a beautiful and perfect hurricane that they...

Despite the destruction, Americans are trying not to lose heart on social networks and even held a flash mob: people pointed ordinary fans and hair dryers towards the cyclone to change its direction. Tens of thousands of volunteers gathered, although the result was so-so. Then they.