The Izmailovo estate is a boyar estate of the 14th century. Izmailovo estate - boyar estate of the 14th century Mostovaya Tower

Izmailovo (Izmailovsky Island, Bauman Town) is a former royal estate built in the second half of the 17th century on the Serebryanka River.
Izmailovo is the family estate of the Romanovs. Tsar Ivan the Terrible granted it to the representative of this dynasty, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuryev, the brother of his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. It was inherited from him by his youngest son, Ivan Nikitich, nicknamed “Kasha”. During the Time of Troubles, the estate of Ivan Nikitich was abandoned, but with the accession of his own nephew Mikhail to the royal throne, it began to quickly revive. Since 1640, the estate was owned by Ivan Nikitich's son, Nikita Ivanovich. After the death of Nikita Ivanovich in 1654, the village came under the jurisdiction of the Prikaz Grand Palace, becoming a country estate of the royal family.
Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1667, the Robka River (now Serebryanka) was blocked with dams so that the resulting Serebryano-Vinogradny pond surrounded the so-called Izmailovsky Island, on which the royal estate was located. The center of the estate was the Sovereign's courtyard (built in 1664-1690). There were numerous outbuildings around it. In 1671-1679 Kostroma craftsmen on the site that existed since the beginning of the 17th century wooden church The stone Intercession Cathedral was erected. The Church of Prince Joasaph was built not far away. A stone bridge about 100 m long led to the island, ending with a three-tier bridge tower. Sometimes meetings of the Boyar Duma were held in the second tier of the tower.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was fond of falconry in the forests surrounding Izmailovo. In addition, he tested various innovations at the estate. So, already in the 1670s. in the Izmailovo royal estate there was a home theater, one of the first in Russia; the name of one of its actors is known - the singer and painter Vasily Repsky. At the estate, experiments were carried out on growing rare plants (grapes, watermelons, etc.). One of the first glass factories in the country was opened, producing highly artistic products, mainly for decorating royal feasts. To organize glassmaking and grow foreign plants, foreign specialists were involved in the work. For sailing on ponds and rivers, the estate had a boat ordered from England, which was later discovered by young Peter I, and which he later transported to St. Petersburg and called “the grandfather of the Russian fleet.”

Since 1696, Tsarina Praskovya Fedorovna, the widow of Tsar Ivan V, and the tsarina’s three daughters, princesses Ekaterina and Annai Praskovya, lived in Izmailovo. During the stay of the Dowager Tsarina Praskovya Fedorovna, Izmailovo remained an island of old Russia, which was not affected by the stormy transformations of Tsar Peter I. The estate was built specifically for the Dowager Tsarina new palace. The dowager queen's court consisted of two and a half hundred stewards, the staff of the queen's and princess's rooms, dozens of servants, mothers, nannies and hangers-on. At this time, the estate was a quiet country idyll. Apple, pear and cherry orchards surrounded the banks of twenty ponds. In the ponds there were sterlets with golden rings in their gills, which, as the historian Semevsky noted, were worn during the reign of Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyevich. Tropical plants and overseas tulips grew in the estate's greenhouses. The estate had a mulberry garden and a fruit-bearing vineyard. The palace had a court theater where plays were staged. The German traveler Korb, who visited the estate at the end of the 17th century, describing this country idyll, noted that the gentle melodies of flutes and trumpets “were combined with the quiet rustle of the wind, which slowly flowed from the tops of the trees.”

In 1728, the teenage Emperor Peter II, who came to Moscow for his coronation, stayed for a long time in Izmailovo under the influence of the Dolgorukovs, an influential clan of the old aristocracy, whose members managed to remove the powerful Menshikov from power and planned to marry the emperor to their relative. The emperor spent almost all his time hunting, and the Izmailovo forest lands bordered the Dolgorukys’ possessions and were connected by a single system of ponds. However, the plans of the influential family were not destined to come true - the emperor soon died, and the Dolgorukys faced disgrace.
In 1812, Izmailovo suffered from Napoleon's troops. In 1850, the Izmailovskaya Nikolaevskaya Military Almshouse opened on Izmailovsky Island. The almshouse is located in buildings specially built for this purpose according to the design of famous architects Konstantin Ton and Mikhail Bykovsky. At the same time, two buildings were attached directly to the cathedral, and outbuildings repeated the shape of the dismantled buildings of the Sovereign's courtyard.
During Soviet times, the almshouse was closed, the cathedral was looted, and the Church of Joasaph was completely destroyed. The buildings of the almshouse housed a workers' settlement - the Bauman Town.

Currently, on the territory of Izmailovsky Island you can see:
Intercession Cathedral of the seventeenth century (restored, active).
A seventeenth-century bridge tower (the bridge has not survived). The tower houses a museum exhibition.
Front and back gates of the Sovereign's court (seventeenth century).
Almshouse buildings (nineteenth century).
Cast iron arch and fountain (nineteenth century).
Monument to Peter the Great by Lev Kerbel (1998).
Silver-Grape Pond.
BRIDGE TOWER: built 1671–1679.

The three-tiered tower served as the main entrance to the Izmailovo estate, being part of the stone arch bridge across the Silver Pond. The composition of the tower is typical for medieval architecture of the second half XVII century and resembles some towers of the Moscow Kremlin. Two receding quadrangles, square in plan, are crowned by a wide octagon with a bell tier and a low tent. The lower tier of the tower is cut through by three wide arched passages. Through, from south to north, facing the Intercession Cathedral; angled, from south to east, it once led to the Izmailovskaya dam and the Serebrikha mill.

The lower (first) tier of the Tower was a pass-through area. On the second tier were the bell ringers' rooms. The premises of the Streltsy guards in the first two tiers of the Bridge Tower have been preserved to this day. During the stay of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Izmailovo, meetings of the Boyar Duma (its second name is Duma) were held on the second floor of the tower. In the early 30s of the 18th century, Empress Anna Ioannovna convened the Senate, the highest state body in Russia, in the Mostovaya Tower. It is no coincidence that the vaulted chamber of the second tier of the Tower was called the Senate Chamber. The belfry of the Intercession Cathedral was located on the third tier. The role of a lookout platform was played by the walkway above the large quadrangle. In the past, the tower was topped with a metal double-headed eagle.

The elegant decor of the Bridge Tower attracts attention. The platbands of the second tier are presented in the form of capsule-shaped semi-columns, hanging weights and kokoshniks. On the walkway and on the small quadrangle, belts of pants made of colored tiles depicting birds of paradise, peacocks, and turkeys among leaves with berries and flowers have been preserved. At the corners of the small quadrangle there are chimneys from the lost stoves in the large vaulted chamber of the second tier.
The bridge tower is now a museum open to the public. I really liked that you can see it not only from the outside but also from the inside. It exudes the antiquity and mighty strength of the Russian people.

Finally, the hands of the restorers reached the tower. The three-tiered structure in the east of the city, topped with an octagonal tent, was built by masons under the guidance of journeyman masonry archer Ivan Kuznechik in 1671–1679.

Now the object cultural heritage federal significance, having suffered various kinds of wounds and mutilations, will be restored. The red brick bridge tower has long adorned the coast of the Silver Pond on Izmailovsky Island in its own right, although it once served as the completion of a 106-meter-long white-stone arched structure along which one entered the island from the Vladimirskaya Road (the current Enthusiasts Highway). The tower combined the functions of a travel gate, a Streltsy guard post and a bell tower of the nearby Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin. The tented octagon had seven church bells, a bell alarm and a chime clock.

Each tier of the tower had a characteristic decoration. Undoubtedly, the multi-colored tiles of the decorative belt of the third floor with birds of paradise, leaves and fruits stood out. It is believed that the authors of the tiled flies are Moscow masters Stepan Ivanov (Polubes) and Ignat Maksimov. The windows of the second level were framed by carved semi-columns and kokoshniks. The elegant tower's composition will undoubtedly remind many of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin. The bridge connected to it “due to its disrepair” was dismantled by order of Catherine II, and at the same time the Empress ordered the dismantling of the two-story wooden royal mansions on a stone basement built under Alexei Mikhailovich Tishaish.

The Boyar Duma then met on the middle floor of the Mostovaya Tower. It was under the arches of this very chamber that Alexey Mikhailovich wrote the “Conciliar Code” - the first ordered set of laws of the Russian state. In the tower near the bridge, the presence of the Senate remained under Peter I. His youth military games took place in Izmailovo, on the lands of his father country residence. The water expanses of the local ponds were plied by the grandfather of the Russian fleet, the English boat “St. Nicholas,” the famous creation of the shipwright Brant, discovered by sixteen-year-old Peter in the barn of the Linen Yard.

Under Anna Ioannovna, meetings of the Senate were also held on the second floor of the Bridge Tower, as a result of which the 17th-century watchtower acquired a second name - Senate.

Elizaveta Petrovna and Catherine II did not have much interest in the Romanov family patrimony, and the once brilliant Izmailovo fell into disrepair. Peculiar new life Nicholas I breathed into the estate. In the manner of the Parisian Home for the Invalids, the emperor established on the man-made island the Nikolaevsk military almshouse “for retired officers and lower ranks with their wives and children, a shelter for widows of family disabled people, a school for children in need and civilian servants.” The needs of the charitable institution are now served by the spacious spaces of the Bridge Tower.

IN Soviet time A typical example of Moscow architecture was destined to become a warehouse, a living quarters for the commune of the Salyut aviation plant, and a mica insulation laboratory at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute. In 2007, all historical and architectural monuments of Izmailovsky Island came under the jurisdiction of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve, including the Bridge Tower, which was finally promised the return of its historical appearance - restoration of decorative elements, original wooden windows, doors, brickwork, copper roofing, historical glaciers (flat planks of sandstone) covering the floor of the cemetery, strengthening the foundation, putting the tiles in order and decorating the hipped roof with the double-headed eagle that had previously been there.

Address: Russia, Moscow, Izmailovsky (Silver) Island
Main attractions: Bridge Tower, Intercession Cathedral, Front and Back Gates of the Sovereign's Court, Almshouse
Coordinates: 55°47"31.8"N 37°45"39.0"E
Object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation

The Izmailovo estate owes its name to its first owners - the Izmailov boyars, who founded it back in the 14th century. Then there were impenetrable forests here, interspersed with oak and birch forests. In 1573, Izmailovo was received as a gift by the brother of Queen Anastasia, Nikita Zakharyin-Yuryev. Such a generous offering was made to him by Ivan IV the Terrible himself. Subsequently, the village was inherited by his son, and then by his grandson, and in 1652 the estate returned to the royal treasury.

Bird's eye view of the Izmailovo estate

In the 1670s, construction of a royal residence began on this territory. Its central part was the Sovereign's courtyard, that is, the estate itself. However, to build the royal residence, the bed of the small Serebryanka River had to be divided into 2 branches and blocked. This is how two large ponds were created. Having captured this zone in a “ring”, the builders turned it into an island, and the royal estate occupied it central place. It took 10 years to build the new estate.

A stone bridge, laid near the Silver Pond, led to the royal chambers. The reliable bridge structure was 106 m long, over 10 m wide and was supported by arches. Near it in 1674 a multi-tiered Bridge Tower appeared, which can still be seen today. In the old days, priests were located on the first floor of the tower, and on the second there was a meeting place for the Boyar Duma and the Senate. The upper tier of the tower became the bell tower for the five-domed Church of the Intercession of Our Lady, which stands nearby.

Bridge Tower

The estate was favorite place hunting for the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and his retinue. And for such royal fun, animals were bred here. However, the king was attracted not only by wealth and space. hunting grounds. In the new estate, he started a semblance of a “model farm.”

The estate included stocked ponds and beaver pens. Its economic part consisted of oil mills, apiaries, factories where flax and glass were made, wineries, water mills, barnyards, fields, poultry houses, orchards and a vegetable garden where apothecary herbs were grown. The estate's farm was constantly replenished with new species of plants, unusual for the Moscow climate. Izmailovo greenhouses abounded in melons and rare beautiful ornamental plants.

Intercession Cathedral

Interestingly, the first Russian zoo appeared here. In addition to the swan yard, on the territory of the royal menagerie there were cages with birds brought from exotic countries, as well as enclosures with tigers and leopards. There was even an elephant living in the zoo.

Main attractions of Izmailovo

The Izmailovo Royal Palace was built of wood, and only its lower floor (basement) was made of stone. In its architectural composition it was similar to the palace building on the Kolomenskoye estate. On the territory there were about two dozen log cabins of different heights, connected by passages.

Front gate of the Sovereign's courtyard

The similarity of these palaces does not at all mean that they were used equally by the royal family. Thus, the Izmailovsky Palace was the economic center of the estate, and the Kolomna Palace was needed only for entertainment and relaxation. None of these palaces have survived, and their beauty can only be judged by the hotel and entertainment complex that appeared on the territory of Kolomenskoye several years ago, as well as a few descriptions by historians.

The ancient Temple of Joseph was built in 1678, at the same time as the construction of the main part of the estate. The two-story building of the shrine was supplemented by a pair of chapels, and it was connected to the palace by a transitional gallery. Nine years later, the church building was reconstructed in the “Moscow Baroque” style, and later a bell tower was added to the western side. Unfortunately, this church has not survived. It was destroyed in 1936, and to this day the place remains unoccupied.

Intercession Cathedral with the Northern, Southern, Eastern buildings of the almshouse

The Church of the Intercession in the Izmailovo estate rose in the middle of the estate square, in front of the main gate. Before him, there was a wooden church on this site, which was built under Ivan Romanov. She personified the end of the Time of Troubles and the liberation of Moscow lands from Polish-Lithuanian troops. It took almost 8 years to build the stone structure. Construction works from 1671 to 1679. On the day of the next celebration of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, October 1, 1680, the temple premises were consecrated by Patriarch Joachim.

The construction work on the construction of the Intercession Church was led by the architect Ivan Kuznechik, and it was carried out by a whole team of out-of-town master masons. The best ceramists decorated the church with glazed tiles, and the church was crowned with gilded domes. In the temple they took care of the Intercession Icon, the size of which coincided with the height of the 7-year-old prince. In addition, a copy of the Jerusalem Icon of the Mother of God, which showed its miraculous power in 1771, when the plague was raging in Moscow, was also kept here. Later, Napoleon's troops destroyed the Intercession Church.

Rear gate of the Sovereign's courtyard

Gate at the entrance to the Sovereign's courtyard

At the very beginning, there was a spacious square in front of the Intercession Church. Today in its place there is a square and a fountain. All the buildings of the Sovereign's courtyard faced here, including two gates, which received the names Front and Rear.

They were built in 1682. It seems that the same craftsmen were involved in the development of their project, since the composition and design of both gates are similar. There are 3 openings cut at the bottom of the gate - two narrow on the sides and one wide in the middle. In the middle tier there is an octagon of light with narrow dormer windows. Initially, the octagon was surrounded by a walkway with painted windows, but in the 18th century it was dismantled. The current parapet on the second tier was made according to the design of the Russian architect Konstantin Andreevich Ton.

Cast iron arch

Today, inside the Sovereign's courtyard there is a square planted with groups of deciduous trees. If you look closely at the ancient buildings that stand along the perimeter of the rectangular courtyard, you can understand what the plan was for arranging the royal estate. Its internal space was not only closed, but also specially fenced off from the outside world.

Once upon a time, the central part of the courtyard was divided by an internal fence. In the north there were the Feed and Bread Yards, kitchens, storerooms, glaciers, the place where the archers served, as well as the buildings in which the managers lived. Along coastline The Grape Pond was lined with barns, wood warehouses, stables and a brewery.

Monument to Peter I. Sculptor L.E. Karbal

Kremlin

The Kremlin, built on the estate in our time, combines the best architectural traditions of ancient Russian fortifications. A pond, a vineyard and a front garden with fragrant flowers again appeared on the spacious territory. The revived menagerie, stables and poultry house filled the estate with life. Museum exhibitions, a mill and craft workshops help visitors to plunge into the past era of the estate.

The Kremlin is located on an elevated place, and around it there are a wooden palisade and stone walls. The ancient ensemble was helped to recreate the surviving drawings, engravings and drawings. The Kremlin towers are decorated with multi-colored tiles made using ancient technologies.

Fountain in front of the Intercession Church

The modern Izmailovo Kremlin has become a place for the revival of Russian traditions. Festivals and fairs are held on its territory, crowded holidays are held, and folk ensembles perform. And the doors of the Palace of Happiness, which is part of the Izmailovo complex, are always open to couples in love.

Visitors who want to see unique products and learn crafts have the opportunity to attend master classes. During them, they teach how to make ceramics, rag dolls, sculpt and paint toys, and paint on wood and fabric. And those who want to feel like blacksmiths can try their hand at artistic forging.

Bridge Tower (1671-1679)

The three-tiered Bridge Tower served as the main entrance to the Izmailovo estate, being part of the stone arched bridge over the Silver Pond. The composition of the tower is typical of medieval architecture of the second half of the 17th century and is reminiscent of some towers of the Moscow Kremlin. Two receding quadrangles, square in plan, are crowned by a wide octagon with a bell tier and a low tent. The lower tier of the tower is cut through by three wide arched passages. Through, from south to north, facing the Intercession Cathedral; angled, from south to east, it once led to the Izmailovskaya dam and the Serebrikha mill.

After 1917, Izmailovsky Island was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Salyut aircraft plant. A workers' town named after Bauman was formed in the former royal estate. In 1923, the Bridge Tower housed a youth commune.

In 1987, the Bridge Tower was transferred to the jurisdiction of the State Historical Museum to accommodate a storage facility and set up an exhibition dedicated to the “royal estate of Izmailovo”.

In 2007, a unique architectural monument of the 17th century - the Bridge Tower - was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve.

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Former royal estate, family estate of the Romanov dynasty. The estate is located on the artificial Izmailovo Island in the center of the Serebryano-Vinogradny Pond. Today, an extensive museum-reserve has been developed on its territory, which, together with the Izmailovo Park and Park, Terletsky and Petrovsky forest parks, is part of the Izmailovo natural and historical park.

Due to its location on the island and distance from historical center Moscow, the estate remains quite uncrowded even on weekends, and the silence and a large number of greenery allows visitors to escape from life in the metropolis.

The estate has a long and interesting story: having experienced its heyday in the 17th century under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who established an exemplary economy in Izmailovo with a palace, gardens and hunting grounds, it was subsequently developed and built by his descendants, but gradually fell into disrepair and in the 19th century was rebuilt for the needs of the Izmailovo Nikolaev military almshouses.

Architectural ensemble of the estate

The modern architectural ensemble of the estate includes the preserved buildings of the Sovereign's courtyard of the 17th century, as well as the residential and service buildings of the Izmailovskaya Nikolaevskaya military almshouse (original and recreated during restoration) of the 19th century attached to them.

From the historical Sovereign's courtyard there are also preserved Rear entrance gate(1682, unknown architect), Bridge Tower(1671-1674), and Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Izmailovo (1671-1679).

Front And Rear entrance gate were built by order of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, probably according to one project. In the past, they were surrounded by a fence, inside of which there was a wooden royal palace (1676-1681, not preserved), but in the mid-19th century, by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, a military almshouse was built in Izmailovo, and instead of a fence between the gates, one- and two-story service buildings were built buildings that formed a clear rectangular square with a large courtyard:

Northern residential building for almshouse officials (1853, Konstantin Ton);

Southern residential building for almshouse officials (1853, Konstantin Ton).

Service buildings (northern, western, southern), recreated during the restoration of the 1970-1980s;

The carriage house, recreated during the restoration of the 1970s and 1980s;

Stable and barn for carriages (1853, Konstantin Ton);

Forge and metalworks with tinsmith (1851-1854, Konstantin Ton);

Northern Glacier (1853, Konstantin Ton), used for storing food;

Southern Glacier (1853, Konstantin Ton), intended for storing food for residents of the Family Building;

Bathhouse and laundry (1853, Konstantin Ton);

Barracks of almshouse servants (2 buildings, 1851-1854, Konstantin Ton) - residential buildings for single almshouse servants;

Family building (1856-1859, Mikhail Bykovsky), designed for 48 soldiers' and officers' families.

In the courtyard of the service buildings there is currently a public garden, accessible for visiting and walking.

Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Izmailovo(1671-1679, architect Ivan Kuznechik) is located directly opposite the Front Entrance Gate: it is a luxurious five-domed temple, decorated with multi-colored tiles by the master Stepan Polubes. The residential buildings of the Nicholas Military Almshouse are also attached to the temple: the northern and southern soldiers' buildings (1840-1850s, Konstantin Ton) with an infirmary for 60 beds, a soldiers' canteen and wards for 200 soldiers (each) and the eastern officer's building ( 1840-1853, Konstantin Ton) with a dining room, a buffet and a library, intended to accommodate 20 officers.

Separate from the other buildings of the Nikolaev Military Almshouse are the officer building (1860s, Vasily Nebolsin), intended to house 15 officers, and the water pump (1853), which provided water supply to the residential buildings of the almshouse.

Attracts attention massive Bridge Tower(1671-1679), built under the leadership of the architect Ivan Kuznechik by an artel of Kostroma masons. The tower was built by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and in the past adjoined the stone bridge (not preserved) that connected Izmailovsky Island with the “mainland”. In the 17th century, the lower tier of the tower housed the Streltsy guards, above them there was a chamber, and the upper tier served as a bell tower.

Also on the territory are the Cast Iron Gate (1859) - the former main entrance to the territory of the almshouse, the "Lion" fountain (1859) and, installed in 1998.

History of the estate

The first mention of Izmailovo dates back to 1389; It is believed that the village of Izmailovo got its name from the name of one of the first owners: presumably, he was Artemy Izmailov. Izmailovo became the patrimony of the Romanovs in the mid-16th century, and even then there was a boyar estate and a church here, there were peasant courtyards and two ponds.

Izmailovo reached its heyday under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (Quiet): fearing a repetition of the Copper Riot, he wanted to carry out a military reform, which required large expenses. To replenish the treasury, from 1663 the tsar began to develop farming in villages and volosts, and Izmailovo became the largest and most successful of the established farms: vegetable gardens and orchards appeared here (including grape and mulberry gardens, where experiments were carried out with the cultivation of mulberry trees), an apiary, arable land and 9 mills, brick, glass and iron factories, a fishing farm with 37 ponds and huge hunting grounds. The estate was assigned a huge territory from the village of Cherkizovo to the villages of Gireevo and Kuskovo: for competent management of the land and the enterprises located on it, the tsar invited European craftsmen and managers from Lithuania, Poland and Italy. In 1667, in order to develop a fishery, it was decided to dam the Robka River (modern Serebryanka) located on the territory of the estate, which resulted in the formation of a huge pond (it was called Vinogradny after the grape garden, today - Serebryano-Vinogradny Pond) with Izmailovsky Island in the middle. Over time, peasant households and household services were removed from the island, and the entire territory was occupied by the royal estate.

After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich in 1676, the development of the estate began to be developed by his son Fyodor Alekseevich, who was not interested in economic issues, but continued the construction of the royal residence. Under him, a wooden palace, Front and Rear entrance gates with a fence, a Bridge Tower with a massive stone bridge that connected the island with the “mainland”, as well as the Intercession Cathedral and the Church of Prince Joasaph of India appeared on the island. The estate was advanced in all respects: a menagerie and the first theater in Russia appeared here, and it increasingly began to take on the character of entertainment.

Engraving "Izmailovo. Departure of Emperor Peter II for falconry", Ivan Zubov, 1720s

Another glorious period in the history of Izmailovo is associated with Peter I, who spent quite a lot of time here in childhood and adolescence, and according to some sources, it was here that he was born. In one of the barns of the Izmailovo Linen Yard, the future emperor discovered a wooden boat “St. Nicholas”, once brought by the British as a gift to Alexei Mikhailovich; The boat interested him keenly and, having awakened Peter's interest in maritime affairs, went down in history as the “grandfather of the Russian fleet.” Under Peter I, Izmailovo became the scene of his amusing battles between the Izmailovsky, Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments, during which he trained in military skills. The construction of the estate and the farm were of little interest to Peter, and in the 1690s the enterprises began to shrink - in particular, the Glass Factory was liquidated, but in general the farm remained exemplary.

Subsequently, the estate was used by Russian emperors as an entertainment place (under Anna Ioannovna, for example, a menagerie with an area of 110 hectares with monkeys, lions and tigers appeared here), but otherwise it began to fall into disrepair. The Tsar's Palace and the bridge to the Bridge Tower were dismantled due to dilapidation; the Patriotic War of 1812 brought great destruction: the French cut down part of the gardens for firewood and destroyed a number of buildings. After the war, the estate began to be reduced: the Vine Garden was sold into private hands, the menagerie was liquidated.

The revival of Izmailov in a new capacity took place under Nicholas I, who in 1938 signed a decree on organizing the Izmailovskaya military almshouse on the territory of the estate to care for World War II veterans. Construction took about 10 years; The project was led by the architect Konstantin Ton: instead of a fence, new service buildings were added to the preserved Front and Rear entrance gates of the former Sovereign's courtyard, forming a closed square with a courtyard, and 3 residential buildings for soldiers and officers were added to the Intercession Church. The main entrance to the almshouse's territory was decorated with Cast Iron Gates. Tone's project caused controversy and criticism due to the reconstruction of the temple, however, the emperor liked the result. In the 1950s-1960s, according to the design of the architect Mikhail Bykovsky, the almshouse was slightly updated: new buildings were completed, a “Lion” fountain appeared between the Front Gate and the Intercession Church, and some historical Buildings restored. The territory of the former royal estate outside Izmailovsky Island was at the same time turning into a working-class suburb of Moscow.

After the October Revolution, the almshouse gradually stopped working due to lack of funding, and a hostel was located in its buildings, and in 1924 a workers’ settlement was registered on Izmailovsky Island - a town named after Bauman, with about 2,000 residents. The church of Prince Joseph was demolished. The Soviet period forever changed the appearance of the former royal estate: the territory of the village and farms was built up with apartment buildings, part of the hunting grounds with ponds was preserved as the Izmailovsky Forest Park, and where the menagerie was located in the past, the Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Recreation arose.

The town named after Bauman on Izmailovsky Island existed until the 1970s, when all its inhabitants were resettled, and the complex was restored and restored, after which it housed museum and exhibition premises. Nowadays, the Izmailovo estate on Izmailovo Island is part of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye - Izmailovo - Lyublino".

Thus, the modern Izmailovo estate boasts a curious architectural ensemble, formed from the surviving buildings of the old Sovereign's courtyard and the newer Izmailovo almshouse. Located on its own small island, it seems to be in a parallel reality, where the metropolis does not exist around.

Unfortunately, the landscaping of the area is outdated and leaves much to be desired, but this does not interfere with leisurely walks or sports.

Izmailovo Estate Museum is located on Izmailovsky Island in the district of Moscow of the same name. You can get to it on foot from metro stations "Partisan" And "Izmailovskaya" Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, as well as MCC platforms "Izmailovo".