Secrets of the ancient Egyptians. The mystery of the Egyptian pyramids. "Unsolved" secrets of the Egyptian pyramids

There are fewer and fewer unsolved mysteries on our planet every year. Constant improvement of technology, collaboration of scientists from various fields of science reveals to us the secrets and mysteries of history. But the secrets of the pyramids still defy understanding - all discoveries give scientists only tentative answers to many questions. Who built the Egyptian pyramids, what was the construction technology, is there a curse of the pharaohs - these and many other questions still remain without an exact answer.

Description of the Egyptian pyramids

Archaeologists talk about 118 pyramids in Egypt, partially or completely preserved to this day. Their age ranges from 4 to 10 thousand years. One of them - Cheops - is the only surviving “miracle” from the “Seven Wonders of the World”. The complex called the “Great Pyramids of Giza”, which includes and, was also considered as a participant in the “New Seven Wonders of the World” competition, but was withdrawn from participation, since these majestic structures are actually a “wonder of the world” on the ancient list.

These pyramids have become the most visited excursion objects in Egypt. They are perfectly preserved, which cannot be said about many other buildings - time has not been kind to them. Yes and local residents contributed to the destruction of the majestic necropolises by removing the cladding and breaking out the stones from the walls to build their houses.

Egyptian pyramids were built by pharaohs who ruled from the 27th century BC. e. and later. They were intended for the repose of rulers. The enormous scale of the tombs (some reaching almost 150 m in height) was supposed to testify to the greatness of the buried pharaohs; things that the ruler loved during his lifetime and that would be useful to him in the afterlife were also placed here.

For construction, stone blocks of various sizes were used, which were hollowed out of the rocks, and later brick began to serve as material for the walls. The stone blocks were ground and adjusted so that a knife blade could not slip between them. The blocks were stacked on top of each other with an offset of several centimeters, which formed a stepped surface of the structure. Almost all Egyptian pyramids have a square base, the sides of which are oriented strictly to the cardinal points.

Since the pyramids performed the same function, that is, they served as the burial place of the pharaohs, their structure and decoration are similar inside. The main component is the burial hall, where the sarcophagus of the ruler was installed. The entrance was not located at ground level, but several meters higher, and was masked with facing slabs. Stairs and passages-corridors led from the entrance to the inner hall, which sometimes narrowed so much that they could only be walked on squatting or crawling.

In most necropolises, burial halls (chambers) are located below ground level. Ventilation was carried out through narrow shaft-channels that penetrated the walls. Rock paintings and ancient religious texts are found on the walls of many pyramids - in fact, from them scientists draw some of the information about the construction and owners of burials.

The main mysteries of the pyramids

The list of unsolved mysteries begins with the shape of the necropolises. Why was the pyramid shape chosen, which is translated from Greek as “polyhedron”? Why were the edges located clearly in the cardinal directions? How were huge stone blocks moved from the excavation site and how were they raised to great heights? Were the buildings built by aliens or people in possession of a magic crystal?

Scientists even argue over the question of who built such tall monumental structures that stood for thousands of years. Some believe that they were built by slaves, who died by the hundreds of thousands during the construction of each. However, new discoveries by archaeologists and anthropologists convince us that the builders were free people who received good food and medical care. They made such conclusions based on the composition of the bones, the structure of the skeletons and the treated injuries of the buried builders.

All deaths and deaths of people involved in the study Egyptian pyramids, attributed mystical coincidences, which provoked rumors and talk about the curse of the pharaohs. There is no scientific evidence for this. Perhaps the rumors were started to scare away thieves and looters who wanted to find valuables and jewelry in the graves.

Mysterious interesting facts include the short time frame for the construction of the Egyptian pyramids. According to calculations, large necropolises with that level of technology should have been built in no less than a century. How, for example, was the Cheops pyramid built in just 20 years?

Great Pyramids

This is the name of the burial complex near the city of Giza, consisting of three large pyramids, a huge statue of the Sphinx and small satellite pyramids, probably intended for the wives of rulers.

The original height of the Cheops pyramid was 146 m, the side length was 230 m. It was built in 20 years in the 26th century BC. e. The largest of Egypt's landmarks has not one, but three burial chambers. One of them is below ground level, and two are above the base line. Intertwining corridors lead to the burial chambers. Along them you can go to the chamber of the pharaoh (king), to the queen's chamber and to the lower hall. The Pharaoh's Chamber is a chamber made of pink granite, measuring 10x5 m. It contains a granite sarcophagus without a lid. Not a single report by scientists contained information about the mummies found, so it is unknown whether Cheops was buried here. By the way, the mummy of Cheops was not found in other tombs.

It still remains a mystery whether the Cheops pyramid was used for its intended purpose, and if so, then apparently it was plundered by looters in past centuries. The name of the ruler, by whose order and design this tomb was built, was learned from the drawings and hieroglyphs above the burial chamber. All other Egyptian pyramids, with the exception of Djoser, have a simpler engineering structure.

Two other necropolises in Giza, built for the heirs of Cheops, are somewhat more modest in size:

Tourists travel to Giza from all over Egypt, because this city is actually a suburb of Cairo, and all transport interchanges lead to it. Travelers from Russia usually travel to Giza as part of excursion groups from Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurghada. The trip is long, 6-8 hours one way, so the excursion usually lasts 2 days.

Great structures can only be visited in work time, usually until 5 p.m., in the month of Ramadan - until 3 p.m. It is not recommended for asthmatics, as well as people suffering from claustrophobia, nervous and cardiovascular diseases, to enter inside. You should definitely take it with you on your excursion drinking water and hats. The excursion fee consists of several parts:

Entrance to the complex.
Entrance inside the pyramid of Cheops or Khafre.
Entrance to the Museum of the Solar Boat, on which the body of the pharaoh was transported across the Nile.

With the Egyptian pyramids in the background, many people like to take photos while sitting on camels. You can bargain with camel owners.

Pyramid of Djoser

The first pyramid in the world is located in Saqqara, near Memphis - former capital Ancient Egypt. Today, the pyramid of Djoser is not as attractive to tourists as the necropolis of Cheops, but at one time it was the largest in the country and the most complex in engineering design.

The funeral complex included chapels, courtyards, and storage facilities. The six-step pyramid itself does not have a square base, but a rectangular one, with sides 125x110 m. The height of the structure itself is 60 m, inside it there are 12 burial chambers, where Djoser himself and members of his family were supposedly buried. The pharaoh's mummy was not found during excavations. The entire territory of the complex of 15 hectares was surrounded by a stone wall 10 m high. Currently, part of the wall and other buildings have been restored, and the pyramid, which is approximately 4700 years old, has been preserved quite well.

When someone talks about Egypt, pyramids immediately appear in our imagination. The real shock was that the pyramids of Ancient Egypt were built by aliens...

For many years, historical researchers unquestionably believed that the pyramids were the site of the burial ritual of the pharaohs, and other explanations for their existence were considered unscientific. The evolution of science and technology has changed the attitude towards the study of pyramids: scientists have discovered unexpected facts about them that completely change previous ideas about these extraordinary historical buildings.

Today's science is in no hurry to deny that the pyramids were used for something that even modern technology has only a meager idea of...

Eyewitness accounts of Egyptian architectural monuments

In ancient times, it was forbidden to discuss any religious buildings: and the slaves' curiosity about the pyramids ended when they received official version– the pyramids were the tomb for the pharaohs. It turned out that finding eyewitnesses to the construction of the pyramids was not an easy task.

The first of them was Herodotus - he is considered the author of the legend that the pyramids were built by slaves. He argued that the creation of tombs in different time From twenty to one hundred thousand workers were involved. And here the first contradiction arises, which cannot be ignored.

Herodotus says that for the construction of the Sphinx alone, for example, 2.3 million stone blocks weighing 5 tons each were spent. Workers installed 300-350 blocks per day, which means that it took them no more than a few minutes to move one block. What strength did people have to have to cope with such physical activity?

The ancient Egyptian historian Manetho, who lived before our era, was a realist and did not want to rewrite history, as Herodotus did. In his book entitled “The History of Egypt,” he said that 10 thousand years ago the gods lived in the territory and gave the pyramids to the Egyptians for use. Manetho’s words are confirmed by the inventory stele erected at the entrance to the Cheops pyramid.

The hieroglyphs on it say that the Sphinx statue was undergoing restoration after heavy rains eroded its base. But the last time there was heavy rain in this country was 7-8 thousand years ago! As soon as scientists became interested in the stele, the Egyptian government gave the order to wall up the stele in the wall of the Cairo Museum.

Details of the construction of the pyramids that no one can find an explanation for

There are other nuances that prove that ordinary people were not able to create pyramids. Contrary to the hypotheses that the Egyptians had special knowledge that was lost later, not a year goes by without the luminaries of science being able to find a refutation of them. The version that structures of this scale were created exclusively as memorials to deceased kings does not initially sound very plausible.

Inconsistencies can be found starting with the material used for construction itself. This is granite mined at the Aswan quarry throughout the history of the Old Kingdom. The walls of the quarry are smooth to this day, which means that the granite was chipped using a laser or diamond knife, grinding the stone as it was cut.

It has long been proven that the Egyptians did not possess such tools. All this confirms that the Egyptians did not build pyramids: they restored them to maintain a presentable appearance buildings.

A special grinding cut technique was also used at the final stage of creating the pyramids themselves. The cuts between the blocks in the pyramids of Cheops, Khafre and Djoser have perfectly smooth edges, which could not be created with the only cutting tool of the Egyptians - a copper saw with jagged edges. Traces of a drill can also be found on the blocks: the diameter of the hole left by it is on average from 2 to 5 cm. Why did the Egyptians, if they really knew how to drill and polish stone, not pass this skill on to their descendants?

Many pyramids are based on natural rocks. The basis for the Cheops pyramid was a rock whose height is at least 10 meters. Its base has an ideal square shape, oriented to all four cardinal directions. Changes in the earth's crust underneath prove that the pyramid seemed to be “rotated” in ancient times: it changed the location of the corners without external natural factors.

True theories about the pyramids that were hidden for many years

Scientists no longer hide from the public the fact that being in a pyramid has little in common with the usual human perception of time and space. Chemical composition the water in it changes and is cleared of pathogenic bacteria, knives are sharpened on a simple stone, and the passage of time seems to slow down.

In the hidden rooms of the Cheops pyramid and the pyramid discovered during excavations of the Indian temple of Teotihucan, mica plates with smooth, machined edges were found. Mica can serve as a transmitter of energy and information, but this property was discovered only a couple of years ago!

The conjecture that the pyramid can serve and served as a portal to other worlds and dimensions is confirmed by the historian Manetho. He insisted that part of the pyramids was given to the Egyptians by the gods Osiris and Isis, who themselves used them to descend to earth. The pyramids contained ritual objects, one touch of which could open a portal or summon creatures from an alien world.

On the walls of the Teotihucan temple in Mexico, where pharaohs were unheard of in ancient times, inscriptions of similar content were found. In 1927, a scientific expedition removed a skull made of polished quartz from the pyramid. Within 10 days, all members of the expedition died one after another under unclear circumstances. Later, other skulls were found, the origin of which no one can explain to this day, and those who found them followed the members of the first expedition.

If the Mayans in Mexico summoned creatures from the other world with the help of skulls, then the Egyptians had a real time machine. In the early 2000s, hieroglyphs were found in the Cheops pyramid talking about stones with which you can go to the future. Three years later, three stones were discovered embedded in the floor of the tomb, the temperature of which was 2-3 times lower than the temperature of other stones.

The cold they emit is beyond the control of even the summer heat: temperature measurements have shown that even when the stones are heated in the midday heat, three blocks of granite remain icy to the touch. The luminaries of science have only two hypotheses about them: either the stones, although they are in one dimension, actually capture the temperature of another, or they hide the entrance to a room in which completely different laws of physics operate.

The second viable theory about the function of the pyramids is their use as an antenna or signal receiving point for alien civilizations. The pyramid itself is similar in shape to a crystal and its decoration is dominated by the same material, processed in the shape of a tetrahedron.

The pyramids enhance signal transmission, and quartz crystals can serve as fuel with a long service life. In the Egyptian scrolls of antiquity, there was repeated evidence that knowledge about the use of the crystal was hidden from humanity until it learned to defeat evil.

To support this assumption, scientists have found pyramids on Mars, which is now considered a viable planet. An expedition to colonize the planet is being prepared to depart; volunteers from among the inhabitants of the Earth have already been recruited.

What if, upon arrival, they discover the remains of a civilization that failed to defeat evil on the red planet?

Be interesting with

Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)
The Great Pyramid, the last remaining wonder of the ancient list of the Seven Wonders of the World, is a fantastic masterpiece of engineering not only because of its gigantic size. It weighs 6.5 million tons and contains building material more than it took to build all the cathedrals, churches and chapels in England! Its uniqueness also lies in the exceptional accuracy of the orientation of the edges according to the cardinal points. The error is negligible - 0.015 percent! Today, achieving such precision would require the use of laser theodolites, topographic maps with a resolution of 10 meters and an army of engineers, astronomers and stonemasons.

By the way, the word Pyramid does not define a three-dimensional triangle, and its root is not even Egyptian. The word Pyramid is made up of the Greek word "pyra" meaning fire, light (or visible) and the Greek word "midos" meaning measures (another meaning is middle (inside)). The fact is that until 1301, when, after a strong earthquake, the Arabs began to use the loose cladding for the construction and restoration of palaces and mosques of destroyed Cairo, the Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops - in ancient Greek transcription / 2590-2568 BC /. ), which had an original height of 146.6 meters (now 138 meters) was lined with slabs of polished limestone. Part of the cladding (22 upper rows) is still preserved on the pyramid of Khafre. They were so shiny that they could be seen hundreds of kilometers away.

The base of the Pyramid, resting on a granite surface with a deviation from the horizontal of no more than two cm, is an almost perfect square (maximum deviation 3 minutes 33 seconds) with sides of about 230 meters (northern 230.1, western and eastern 230.2, southern 230.3). And the entire structure, which today consists of 203 rows of masonry, was erected without cranes, wheels or powerful stone-cutting tools. Why did ancient architects achieve such high precision if this precision could not even be noticed by the naked eye?

One of the answers to these questions may lie in the desire of the ancient architects to encrypt certain fundamental numerical values in the dimensions of the Great Pyramid. And this requires high dimensional accuracy. As a result, for example, the ratio of the length of the base of a pyramid to its height, divided in half, gives the famous number “pi” (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter) accurate to the sixth digit! This number is also mentioned in the ancient Egyptian papyrus of Rhinda (kept in the British Museum in London). Perhaps it is deliberately encrypted in the dimensions of the Pyramid of Cheops, and with a more accurate meaning than the great Archimedes, who lived 2000 years later, knew!
This idea inspired enthusiasts to search for other fundamental relationships in the Cheops Pyramid.
Astronomical calendar
Egyptologist Graham Hancock and his colleague Robert Boval, who deny the generally accepted idea of the Great Pyramid as the tomb of Cheops, because no dead bodies were found in any of the pyramids, despite the empty sarcophagi. (I’ll especially tell you about the Menkauru pyramid. When British Colonel Howard Vance entered the burial chamber of this pyramid in 1837, he discovered a basalt sarcophagus, a wooden coffin lid in the form of a human figure and bones. The sarcophagus sank along with the ship transporting it to England, and the dating of the coffin lid and bones attributed them to the era of early Christianity.) When in the 9th century AD. e. The expedition entered the Cheops pyramid and, with great difficulty, explored the royal crypt; the large stone sarcophagus, as it turned out, was empty, but there were no signs of the previous devastation. The truth, say Hancock and Boval, lies in astronomical data.

At a distance of approximately 160 meters from the Pyramid of Cheops, the Pyramid of Chefre rises, the height of which is 136.6 meters, and the length of the sides is 210.5 meters. However, the pyramid of Khafre visually appears higher than the pyramid of Cheops - the effect is achieved due to the fact that its base is at a higher level. The Pyramid of Mikerin, which is even smaller, is located 200 meters from the Pyramid of Khafre. Its height is 62 meters, and the length of the sides is 108 meters. The three pyramids are part of a complex that also consists of a sphinx, several temples, small pyramids, and tombs of priests and officials.

But let's return to astronomy. Due to the so-called procession (swaying of the earth's axis under the gravitational influence of the Sun and Moon), the constellations change their position in the sky with a period of 25,920 years. Using a computer, it was possible to reconstruct the starry sky above the Great Pyramid in 2500 BC. It turned out that in those days one of the southern corridors of the Pyramid was precisely directed towards the star Sirius, which the Egyptians identified with the Goddess Isis. Another southern corridor pointed to the lower of the three stars that make up Orion's Belt, a constellation believed to be the home of the God Osiris, who brought civilization to the Nile Valley.

These coincidences, according to Hancock and Bovel, are not accidental. Moreover, the third largest pyramid (Menkaura) is out of the straight line connecting the first (Cheops) and second (Chephren) pyramids. Looking at Orion's Belt, Robert Boval noticed a completely similar arrangement of three stars! Thus, the scientist concludes, apparently the three largest pyramids in Giza symbolize the Orion Belt on earth! However, the angle of inclination of the Belt now does not coincide exactly with the axis of the location of the three pyramids. The use of a computer that calculated the exact coincidence of Orion's Belt and the three largest Egyptian pyramids showed that this moment dates back to 10642 - 10546 BC. e., that is, half the period of precession to the present day, 25920 years, like the ancients, or 25729 years according to modern data, BC. According to Boval and Hancock, although all three pyramids were completed around 2500 BC, the plan for the Giza complex was drawn up 8,000 years earlier! It was passed down from generation to generation until the time when it was possible to combine internal corridors with the direction to the desired stars!

In their book, Guardians of Creation, Boval and Hancock emphasize that, in their opinion, the creators of the Giza pyramid complex and the famous Sphinx had in mind to build some kind of chronological "beacons" that would encourage many future generations to search for the true meaning of their project. The choice of the position of monuments using the “language of the stars” should be understandable to any culture familiar with astronomy. The pyramid complex at Giza certainly contains rooms containing the most important messages of the ancient architects, addressed to the future. Boval and Hancock are convinced that humanity is on the verge of Great Discoveries in the pyramids.

Another opinion is expressed in his article by Evgeniy Menshov. Claiming that the Pyramids remind us of the planets of the solar system and the catastrophe that occurred on September 22, 10532 BC.
Where are the Great Messages kept?
Everyone has heard about the treasures of the pyramids and their robbers. The way to the Great Pyramid of Cheops, in 820, was found by the Arab Ale Manune. (Caliph Al-Maamun) He began to dismantle the center of the Northern Wall, where, according to legend, there was an entrance.

To do this, he poured vinegar on the stones, heated them with fires, and then used battering rams. Hearing the sound of stones rolling to the left of their tunnel, the treasure hunters dug to the source of the sound, which led them to a passage leading down (at an angle of 26.30). At the lower end of the inclined passage was what came to be called a bottomless pit (P), or a large underground chamber located at 180m. below the top of the pyramid. The falling stones that the Arabs heard rolled into it. If not for this accident, the entrance would never have been found.

Currently, the main entrance to the Pyramid is the entrance made by the Arabs. The real entrance is higher up, seventeen meters above the ground and seven meters east of the main north-south axis. Having a cross-section of 1m x 1.22m, it is sandwiched by floor blocks 2.6m thick and 3.6m wide and a floor slab 0.76m thick and 10m long.

From the inclined tunnel (D), at the same angle, there is an ascending tunnel (A), connected to the Grand Gallery (G), which is 46.6 meters long, ending in an entrance to a room of polished granite 5.2 x 10.4 meters and 5.8 meters height known as the Royal Crypt(K). It is covered with five 70-ton slabs supporting the top of the pyramid, is located at a height of 42.7 meters above the ground, and inside it stands an empty granite box without decorations.

The stone plug placed at the entrance to the ascending tunnel is made of rare red granite, identical to the granite of Mount Horeb, where, according to legend, Moses received the 10 commandments. To bypass it, the Arabs cut out the softer limestone around it.

However, there was another secret passage. A horizontal passage branches off from the ascending tunnel, leading to a completely empty room called the Queen's Chamber (Q), and next to it is a Rough Shaft (W) connecting the Great Gallery with the descending tunnel, approximately 60 meters from the stone plug.

Oddly enough, the downward corridor was well known in ancient times. The Greco-Roman geographer Strabo left clear description the large underground chamber (P) into which this corridor enters (180 meters below the top of the pyramid). In this chamber, underground inscriptions were discovered - autographs from the time of the Roman occupation, indicating regular visits in those years. However, thanks to a secret door leading to the shaft (W) in the descending tunnel, this passage was forgotten.

There are several hypotheses about the astrological and temporal significance of corridors, but I will not dwell on them. It seems to me incorrect to connect time and distance in the pyramid. But I will provide a diagram and a link from it.

Another surprising fact is that the ventilation ducts in the main chambers maintain a constant temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit. For some reason, the builders left the last 13 cm of the block untouched at the entrance to the two ventilation shafts in the queen's chamber (Q) and only in 1872, Wayneman Dixon, by analogy with the king's chamber, discovered them by tapping and made his way to a channel high 20 and 23 cm wide, extending 2 meters into the wall, and then at an angle further.

It was into this canal that in March 1993, a German engineer and specialist in the field of robotics, Rudolf Gantenbrink, hired by the Egyptian Antiquities Organization to improve ventilation, launched a small-sized crawler robot, controlled from a distance and equipped with powerful lights and television cameras. This robot "Upuat" (in ancient Egyptian "Discoverer") cost 250 thousand US dollars and showed on March 22 that 60 meters from the beginning of the steep rise of the mine (39.5 0) the walls and floor suddenly became smooth and the robot crawled into a passage made of polished limestone, usually used for cladding ritual premises and after 5 meters it ran into a solid limestone “door”! Gantenbrink was amazed to see on the “door” two copper handles, lowered down, which, in his opinion, indicated the “sliding” principle of opening and closing the door. In addition, the stone blocks stood vertically at the “door” (instead of their usual horizontal arrangement in other places). That is, they performed an unloading function. Judging by the wide gap and chip on the corner of the “door”, someone has already opened it! A weak draft blew strange black dust out of the crack. In general, everything spoke of the presence of an unknown room behind the “door”!

Earlier, using the latest microgravimeter device, French and Japanese scientists discovered THREE unknown rooms inside the Pyramid! One of them is 30 meters long, 5 meters wide and 3 meters high. Having drilled holes, scientists “looked” there with a television probe and found sand in the voids, but not the kind that is found in abundance around the Pyramid, but found only six kilometers to the southwest! In addition, as it turned out, before being placed in the Pyramid, it was carefully sifted. According to some experts, sand of precisely this composition prevents the passage of electromagnetic waves, which at one time they tried to “shine through” this structure.

The television probe discovered some foreign bodies in one of the large voids. The resolution of the television camera was not enough to identify these “bodies.” The director of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities, Ahmed Kadri, commented: “There is something else in the Pyramid that we do not know about yet. No one has penetrated this part of the structure before. There is some kind of structure there!”

In 1954, archaeologists discovered two walled niches at the foot of the Pyramid. When one of them was opened, the aroma of cedar planks came from the hole. There lay disassembled the original Pharaoh's boat, 43.6 meters long! It took 16 years to extract and assemble hundreds of perfectly preserved fragments of the boat. Now the boat stands in its original form in a glass pavilion next to the Pyramid (Solar Barke (Solar Boat) Museum).

A narrow hole was drilled in the second niche and a light guide connected to a television camera was inserted into it. This work began with all precautions in October 1987. When the television camera was turned on, a clear silhouette appeared on the screen: a boat! The second boat was a huge structure made of sagging boards, fastened with copper staples. There is no hurry to remove it - it is too difficult to preserve this amazing find in the air...
Physical Impact of the Pyramids
The French scientist Jacques Bergier, who studied the influence of various spatial forms on biological substances, built a cardboard model of the Pyramid and placed ox blood there. After some time, it divided into two substances - light and dark. Other scientists have verified that perishable foods are preserved for a long time in the Pyramid model. A pendulum suspended above the top of the model swings to the side or rotates slowly around the top. Plants also behave strangely. At first they gravitate towards the east, then describe a semicircle, moving from south to west. Czech inventor Karel Drbal adapted a similar model for self-sharpening razor blades in 1959, and received a patent for this unusual invention. According to Drbal, he shaved with the same blade, placing it in the model overnight, more than two thousand times! The pyramidal shape is believed to focus cosmic energy...
Pyramid lens
American engineer Raymond D. Manners, in an article published in Faith magazine in November 1996, reports that in its original form the Pyramid was distinguished by two features: sparkling surfaces and... concave sides in the middle part!

The ancient builders covered the Pyramid with a layer of polished limestone 2.5 meters thick! There were 144,000 20-ton casing stones. They were so brilliant that they could be seen hundreds of kilometers away. In the morning and at noon, sunlight reflected from this vast mirror surface was visible from the moon.

Local residents have looked at the Pyramid and its polished stones with fear for centuries. But when an earthquake in the 13th century loosened some of the shell stones, the Arabs began using the cladding to build and restore Cairo's palaces and mosques, including the Sultan Hassan Mosque.

Surprisingly, the facing stones were joined at intervals of 0.5 mm and have perfect right angles with deviation of straight lines within 0.25 mm. Modern technology does not allow placing such blocks with greater accuracy. Even more surprising is that this gap was intended for the glue that sealed and held the stones together. The white cement that held the casing stones together and made them waterproof is still intact and stronger than the blocks it was attached to.

As for the concavity of the edges, which, by the way, is completely invisible from the ground and, according to some opinions, reflects the radius of the Earth, the first to suspect it were French scientists who accompanied Napoleon’s army on the Egyptian campaign. Later, in the 1880s, this fact was confirmed by the famous Great Pyramid explorer Flinders Petrie. Then they forgot about it for a hundred years. And only in our days, aerial photography by British Army officer P. Groves has undoubtedly shown that the concavity of the edges, although completely insignificant - only one meter, actually occurs...

It is interesting to note that later pyramids were built with completely flat sides! Apparently, the chief builder of the Great Pyramid hid the meaning and purpose of the concavities from his followers. According to Raymond Manners, the peculiar concave “mirrors” on the edges with total area about 15 hectares served to focus the sun's rays on the summer solstice. On this day, when the Sun stood only 6.5 degrees from the zenith, a fantastic action took place: thanks to the polished edges, the Great Pyramid sparkled like a diamond! At the focus of the concave “mirrors” the temperature rose to a thousand degrees! The crowds of people gathered began to hear crackling sounds coming from these points, gradually intensifying to a thunderous deafening sound!

Amidst the sparkling light and roar, waves of hot air erupted upward from the central vortex above the top of the Pyramid. The illusion of a pillar of fire rising from the Pyramid was created. This was truly the road along which God Ra himself descended to people!
Sphinx
The riddle of the Sphinx haunts people no less than the pyramids. When I read that the Sphinx was completely buried several times, it seemed amazing to me. However, a trip to Cairo dispelled all doubts. The Sphinx stands in a hole (the origin of which I cannot judge) at the foot of a hill with pyramids, and if it is filled up, only part of the head will be visible. However, it should be taken into account that the Giza Plateau is a rocky wasteland, and not a desert with dunes of sand, as many might have thought. (the most complete association will be given to you by a stone lime quarry or a large construction site) so, in my opinion, it will take more than one decade, if not centuries, to bring it in. But let’s return to the object itself

Recently, Japanese scientists (S. Yoshimura) using echolocators showed that the processed stone of the Sphinx sculpture is MUCH ANCIENT than the blocks of the pyramids. I would like to emphasize that THE MATERIAL OF THE SCULPTURE IS ANCIENT. Another fact: hydrological studies revealed traces of erosion from a powerful flow of water at the base of the statue’s pedestal (including ON THE TREATED SURFACE). British geophysicists estimate the age of erosion at 10-12 thousand years (!). The above confirms a hypothesis that is very popular these days: the Giza complex was built TWICE..

Currently, the entire base of the sphinx and its paws have been restored, so I could not see any traces of erosion. However, I have the opinion that many archaeological sites The Egyptians not only restore but also build again; there are even tower cranes in Luxor.

Taking into account the above, we can imagine the sequence of events as follows. About 12.5 thousand years ago, unknown architects erected a complex of pyramids, encoding in its plan the connection of three planets solar system, and in the orientation of the lion statue - the date. when it took place. A little later, water gushed out from somewhere with monstrous force. Its flow destroyed the pyramids, but the Sphinx. hollowed out of a monolithic rock and possibly covered with sand, it survived. 8,000 years later, during the reign of the pharaohs of the fourth dynasty, the remaining buildings were restored. It is possible, however, that the Sphinx also underwent restoration: we admit that initially it simply depicted a lion, and a human head - specifically, the head of Pharaoh Khafre (opposite whose Pyramid it stands) - was attached to it under Pharaoh Khafre.

French archaeologists noticed: the dating of the Egyptian flood coincides with the date of the death of the legendary Atlantis according to Plato.

Tokyo scientists also produced a second sensation: electronic equipment showed a narrow tunnel under the left paw of the stone statue leading towards the Pyramid of Khafre. It starts at a depth of two meters and goes down obliquely. It turned out to be impossible to trace it further, but Professor Yoshimura promised to create a new device specifically for studying this underground passage.
P.S. Measures of Ancient Egypt
Having delved into the history of the emergence of units of measurement and standards, it is not difficult to find out that the Egyptians had three units of length: a cubit (466 mm), equal to seven palms (66.5 mm), which, in turn, was equal to four fingers (16.6 mm ). Large distances were measured in tens and hundreds of cubits or palms. It is easy to see that the side of the base of the Cheops pyramid is exactly 500 cubits.

It is tempting, of course, to see some “astral” meaning in the height of the Cheops pyramid. But isn’t it easier to assume that the pyramids were built exactly as the customer required? Pharaoh or, say, a council of priests. If he orders: “one hundred cubits in height,” they will build it that way. How could Pharaoh give orders? Most likely, he set the height in round numbers - of course, in Egyptian measures... To check the assumption made, let's measure the pyramids not in meters, but in cubits (lx) and palms (ld). And what happens? Of the three pyramids of Giza, the smallest, Mikerin, has a height of one thousand ld (66 m). At the Sneferu pyramid - 200 lux. Finally, at the pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) - 300 lux 100 ld (146.6 m): the son outdid his father by almost one and a half times. Other measurements of the Cheops pyramid are also curious: the side of the base is 500 lx (233 m), the apothem of the side face is 400 lx (187 m), the length of the main gallery is 100 lx (46.2 m), the length of the upper passage is 500 lx (33 m), etc. d. Famous Pyramids equal to stars
The question “how old are the Egyptian pyramids?” seems to have been decided long ago: about 4500 years. However, the way to solve this question, based on the analysis of ancient records, is not very accurate. As a result, estimates of the age of the pyramids may be overestimated or underestimated by approximately 100 years. From one point of view, compared to their age, this is not much; from another point of view, man is an imperfect being and eternally strives for the ideal. So Egyptologists finally could not stand the uncertainty and began to develop methods for more accurate dating. One of them, developed by British Egyptologist Kate Spence from Cambridge, is based on astronomy.

The fact is that there are many mysteries and questions associated with the Egyptian pyramids. One of them is: how did the ancient Egyptians manage to align their creations so precisely? After all, two of the four sides of each pyramid are directed quite accurately from north to south! Kate Spence believes that the stars helped the ancient builders in this. More precisely, two stars: Mizar and Kohab, in the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. Due to the displacement of the Earth's own axis in space (with a period of 26,000 years), these two stars in different centuries point to different sides Sveta. By calculating when they pointed north, you can very accurately determine the time of construction of the pyramids.

Moreover, with the help of the “two stars” theory, those errors in the alignment of the pyramids that the Egyptians nevertheless made are perfectly explained (in fact, Spence developed her theory to explain these errors). After all, the pyramids were not built at the same time; during this time the stars managed to shift a little and the direction “to the north” also shifted somewhat. Today's "north" star - Polaris - in those years did not point north at all and could not serve as a guide for the Egyptians.

Using her method, Kate Spence calculated the construction time of the Great Pyramid of Giza (one of the Seven Wonders of the World). She believes that this happened in 2478 BC, plus or minus five years. Thus, according to the “astronomical” theory, the Great Pyramid is 4478 years old - 75 years more than previously thought.

It is unknown whether the ancient architects actually determined the direction of north by two stars, but there is no argument against the fact that they could have done so. We know only one thing for sure: the pyramids were aligned to the north because the Egyptians believed that a dead pharaoh became a star in the northern sky. Therefore, it is quite logical to assume that when building pyramids for the dead pharaohs, they looked towards their new home.

Spence's method is important for two other reasons. Firstly, it does not contradict the prevailing ideas about the age of the pyramids: 75 years is well within the dating error according to written sources. Secondly, it serves as an additional argument against the view that the pyramids and the Sphinx were built several thousand years earlier than hitherto believed. Having obtained such well-converging results using two different methods, we can firmly assume that the pyramids were built in the middle of the third millennium BC.
How the pyramids were built
Italian Egyptologist Osvaldo Falestiedi offered a clue to the method of building the Egyptian pyramids. Falestiedi's hypothesis is based on the testimony of Herodotus, who mentioned in the 5th century BC about “wooden machines for building the tombs of Egyptian rulers.” The remains of one of these machines, Falestiedi believes, were found in the 19th century during excavations of the temple of Queen Hatsepshut. A passionate Italian managed to restore the ancient device, and it worked!

The machine designed by Falestiedi resembles a cradle. Inside the wooden frame there is a stone block tied with ropes, which is swung using special wedges. With the help of such swinging, the inventor is convinced, the ancient Egyptians lifted multi-ton stones. Falestiedi's discovery was tested by Japanese and American engineers and archaeologists. I: independent examination; confirmed that Ita Lanza was right. Now Falestiedi, together with engineers from the Turin Polytechnic Institute, is going to create a working model of a device that can lift stones weighing up to forty tons.

edited news olqa.weles - 9-02-2012, 12:06

general information

Among the Egyptian pyramids there are huge and smaller ones, with a smooth surface and stepped ones, very well preserved and reminiscent of a pile of ruins. They can be observed in Saqqara and Memphis, Hawar and Upper Egypt, Medum and Abusir, El Lahun and Abu Rawash. However, only a few are considered the main tourist sites, namely the pyramids in Giza, a suburb of the Egyptian capital, built, as is commonly believed, during the reign of the IV-VI dynasties of the pharaohs, which occurred in the XXVI-XXIII centuries BC. e.

Looking at these grandiose creations of human hands, you can’t help but wonder: how much effort and time was spent on the construction of such structures that seem, at least in their scale, to be absolutely useless. Either the pharaohs who ruled 45 centuries ago thereby wanted to emphasize their own divinity and the greatness of their era, or these buildings contain some hidden meaning that is still inaccessible to our understanding. But it is difficult to comprehend it, because the secrets are securely hidden under a layer of millennia, and we have no choice but to make guesses and versions, hoping that sooner or later everything secret will definitely become clear...

Secrets of the Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are shrouded in an aura of myths and secrets, and with the passage of time and the development of science, there are still more questions than answers. As the proverb says: “Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time itself is afraid of the pyramids.” Interest is also fueled by various theories about the appearance of these majestic monuments. Lovers of the mystical consider pyramids to be powerful sources of energy and believe that the pharaohs spent time in them not only after death, but also during life, in order to draw strength. There are also completely incredible ideas: for example, some believe that the Egyptian pyramids were built by aliens, and others that the blocks were moved by people who owned a magic crystal. Let's look at the generally accepted and most likely scenario.

Religion occupied a dominant position in the life of Ancient Egypt. It shaped both the worldview of the people and their entire culture. Death was perceived only as a transition to another world, so preparation for it had to take place in advance, even during earthly life. However, the privilege of remaining “immortal” was, as it was believed, only with the pharaoh and his family members. And he, at his discretion, could bestow it on those around him. Commoners were deprived of the right to an afterlife, with the exception of servants and slaves, whom the powerful ruler “took” with him. Nothing should have interfered with the comfortable “existence” of a high-ranking deceased, so he was provided with everything necessary - food supplies, household utensils, weapons, servants.

At first, rulers were buried in special “afterlife houses”, and in order for the pharaoh’s body to be preserved for centuries, it was embalmed. These early funerary buildings - mastabas - appeared during the period of the first dynasties. They consisted of an underground burial chamber and an above-ground part in the form stone structure, where chapels were equipped and burial goods were located. In cross-section, these tombs resembled a trapezoid. They were built in Abydos, Nagadea, and Upper Egypt. The main necropolis of the then capital of the first dynasties - the city of Memphis - was located in Saqqara.

Actually, pyramid-shaped tombs began to be built about 5 thousand years ago. The initiator of their construction was Pharaoh Djoser (or Necherikhet), the first in the III dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The construction of the necropolis named after this ruler was led by the supreme dignitary and famous architect of his time, Imhotep, who was almost equated to a deity. If we discard all the fantastic versions about the contacts of the then rulers with aliens and proceed from the fact that these structures were built by people on their own, then the scale of the work and their labor intensity cannot but impress. Experts tried to establish their chronology and nature, and this is the results they came to. Since the pyramids are made of stone blocks, the question immediately arose: where and how were they mined? It turned out to be in the rocks...

Having marked out a shape in the rock and hollowed out grooves, they inserted dry trees into them and watered them with water. They expanded from moisture and created cracks in the rock, facilitating the process of extracting blocks. Then they were immediately processed on the spot with tools and, having been given the desired shape, were sent by river to the construction site. But how did the Egyptians lift these heavy masses to the top? First, they were loaded onto wooden sleds and pulled along gentle embankments. By modern standards, such technologies look backward. However, the quality of work is at the highest level! The megaliths are so closely adjacent to each other that there are practically no discrepancies.

The Pyramid of Djoser, located in Saqqara, is considered the very first pyramid in Egypt and the oldest surviving such large stone structure in the world (its size is 125 by 115 meters with a height of 62 meters). It was built in 2670 BC. e. and has the appearance of a structure with six huge tiled steps. Because of such an unusual shape, in those distant times it was called a “false pyramid.” The Pyramid of Djoser began to attract the attention of travelers since the Middle Ages, and this interest has not dried up to this day.

The architect did not initially plan to build such a pyramid. The tomb became stepped during construction. The presence of steps clearly reveals a symbolic meaning: it was along them that the deceased pharaoh had to ascend to heaven. This structure also differed from previous necropolises in that it was built of stone rather than brick. And one more feature: the presence of a very wide and deep vertical shaft, covered with a dome on top. There is nothing like this in the pyramids built later. Of no less interest to archaeologists and Egyptologists are the marble fragments under the sarcophagus, on which carved images resembling stars can be seen. These are clearly fragments of some unknown structure, but no one knows which one.

The pyramid of Djoser was not intended only for himself, and this also differs from other similar structures. IN burial chambers, there are 12 of them in total, the ruler and members of his family were buried. Archaeologists have discovered the mummy of an 8-9-year-old boy, apparently a son. But the body of the pharaoh himself could not be found. Perhaps the mummified heel found here belonged to him. Even in ancient times, it is believed that robbers entered the tomb, probably kidnapping its dead “owner.”

However, the version of the robbery does not seem so clear. When examining the internal galleries, gold jewelry, porphyry bowls, clay and stone jugs and other valuables. Why didn't the thieves take away all this wealth? Historians were also interested in the seals affixed to small clay vessels. The name “Sekemhet” was inscribed on them, translated as “mighty in body.” It clearly belonged to an unknown pharaoh of one of the powerful dynasties. Everything indicated that in ancient times the construction of another pyramid had begun here, but for some reason it was not completed. They even discovered an empty sarcophagus, the internal state of which led to the conclusion that no one was buried here...

As for the Pyramid of Djoser itself, the attraction has been well preserved to this day and is open to tourists. The entrance to it, like to other buildings on the territory, is located on the north side. A tunnel equipped with columns leads inside. The northern temple, the location of which is clear from the name itself, forms a single architectural ensemble with the pyramid. Funeral services were held there and sacrifices were made in the name of the pharaoh.

Egyptian pyramids in Giza

The most famous among all the Egyptian pyramids are the so-called great pyramids located in Giza - the third largest city in the modern Arab Republic of Egypt, with a population of almost 3 million people. The metropolis is located on the western bank of the Nile, about 20 km from Cairo and is a virtual suburb of the capital.

The Great Pyramids of Giza are today the most popular ancient monuments in the country. Over the years, visiting them has become almost a ritual for tourists. Fly to Egypt and not see these majestic buildings with your own eyes? This is impossible to imagine! Many travelers even consider this place to be spiritual, connected to space, and visiting here becomes akin to some kind of healing. Recent studies have shown that the builders of the necropolises surprisingly accurately directed them to the belt of the constellation Orion, which has an as yet unsolved meaning. It is also interesting that their edges are oriented to the sides of the sun, and this is done with the same precision.

The Egyptian pyramids at Giza are undoubtedly an extremely impressive sight. Their sandstone facades reflect the sunlight: they are pink in the morning, golden in the afternoon and turn dark purple at dusk. It is impossible not to admire the feat of engineering and organization that resulted in millions of stone blocks being transported from one location to another and precisely stacked on top of each other without power plants or lifting equipment.

The complex of the great pyramids consists of the tombs of three ancient rulers - Cheops, Khafre and Mikerin. Unlike the previous “houses after life” (macabs), these necropolises have a strict pyramidal shape. Moreover, the first of them is the only one of the seven wonders of the world that has survived to this day.

Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)

You can talk about the pyramid of Cheops (or Khufu) for a long time and a lot, but the story in any case will be incomplete, because it continues to keep many unsolved secrets. One of them is the orientation towards the North Pole exactly along the meridian: with its top, the monumental structure “looks” at the North Star. It is amazing how ancient architects could make such accurate calculations without having modern astronomical instruments in their hands. This accuracy has an even smaller margin of error than the famous Paris Observatory.

Cheops, the second pharaoh of the fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt, who reigned for 27 years, has the reputation of a cruel and despotic ruler. He literally exhausted the resources of his kingdom, directing them to the construction of the pyramid. He was also merciless towards his people, forcing them to do back-breaking work to build their posthumous “dwelling.” Great Pyramid was built in three stages, as evidenced by the corresponding number of cameras. The first, its area is 8 by 14 meters, was carved deep into the rock, the second (5.7 x 5.2 m) - under the top of the pyramid. The third chamber - it is the only one of them completed - became the tomb of the pharaoh. Special mention should be made about her. It stretches 10.4 m from west to east, and 5.2 m from south to north. The granite slabs that line the room fit together flawlessly. Nine monolithic blocks form the ceiling, their total weight is 400 tons.

Each cell has its own “hallway”, connected to neighboring corridors-shafts. At first, the entrance to the tomb was on the north side and was located above the base at a height of 25 meters. Currently, you can enter the pyramid from another place, and this entrance is not so high. The builders could hardly have imagined that after several thousand years their creation would become a tourist attraction, so the 40-meter corridor was made not only narrow, but also low. Numerous tourists have to cross it crouching down. The corridor ends with a wooden staircase. It leads to the same low room, which is the center of the entire necropolis.

The height of the Cheops pyramid is more than 146 meters - this is the “height” of a 50-story skyscraper. After the Great Chinese wall it is precisely this that is the largest structure ever erected in human history. The attraction is not “alone”; there are several other buildings around it. Of these, only three companion pyramids and the ruins of a mortuary temple have survived to this day. It is obvious that no less effort was put into their construction. According to the most common version, the companion pyramids were intended for the wives of the ruler.

Pyramid of Khafre (Khafre)

A pharaoh named Khafre was either the son or brother of Cheops and reigned after him. His pyramid, located nearby, is somewhat smaller, however, at first glance, it is perceived as more significant. And all because it stands on some elevation. The Pyramid of Khafre was found during archaeological excavations in 1860. The tomb of this ancient Egyptian ruler is “guarded” by the famous Sphinx, which looks like a lion lying on the sand, whose face may have been given the features of Khafre himself. Being the oldest monumental sculpture preserved on our planet (its length is 72 m, height is 20 m), it is interesting in itself. Egyptologists are inclined to think that the tombs of the two pharaohs, together with the sphinx, constitute a single burial complex. Slaves, it is believed, were not involved in the construction of this pyramid: free workers were hired for this purpose...

Top of Khafre's pyramid

Pyramid of Mikerin (Menkaure)

And finally, the Pyramid of Mikerin is the third in the complex of great monuments of Giza. It is also known as the Pyramid of Menkaure, named after the fifth pharaoh of the fourth dynasty of ancient Egypt. Little is known about this ruler - only that he was the son of Cheops (at least, this is what the ancient Greek historian Herodotus claimed). This necropolis is called the “younger brother” of the two above-mentioned tombs: it was built later than the others and the lowest of them, its height is just over 65 meters. Such modest sizes indicate the decline of the ancient kingdom and the lack of resources necessary for construction.

However, the monumentality of the structure as such did not suffer from this. For example, the weight of one of the blocks used in the construction of the mortuary temple exceeds 200 tons, making it the heaviest on the Giza plateau. Just imagine what superhuman efforts had to be made to hoist this colossus into place. And the majestic statue of the pharaoh himself, seated inside the temple! It is one of the largest sculptures that personify that mysterious era... The pyramid of Mykerinus, as the smallest one, could have begun the destruction of the entire historical and architectural complex in Giza, conceived by Sultan al-Malik al-Aziza, who ruled at the end of the 12th century. Work to dismantle the necropolis lasted about a year, but the practical result was minimal. The Sultan was ultimately forced to curtail them, since his, frankly speaking, stupid and unjustified undertaking entailed exorbitant expenses.

Sphinx

At the base of the sacred causeway that once connected the pyramid of Khafre with the Nile, there is the Sphinx - a mysterious sculpture with the head of Khafre attached to the body of a lion. In Egyptian mythology, sphinxes were guardian deities, and this sculpture is a protective monument 73 m long and 20 m high. After the death of the pharaoh, the body of the Sphinx was gradually covered by the desert sands. Thutmose IV believed that the statue spoke to him and told him that he would become pharaoh if he cleared the sand, which he hastened to do. Since then, the ancient Egyptians believed that the monument had prophetic powers.

Solar Boat Museum

Behind the Pyramid of Cheops is the Museum of the Solar Boat, which houses a beautifully restored cedar boat on which the body of the dead pharaoh was transported from the east to the west bank of the Nile.

Useful information for tourists

The Great Pyramid complex of Giza is open to the public from 8:00 to 17:00 daily. The exceptions are the winter months (opening hours until 16:30) and the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, when access closes at 15:00.

Some travelers believe that if the pyramids are located under open air and are not a museum in the literal sense of the word, then here you can feel free to climb and climb onto these structures. Remember: doing this is strictly prohibited - in the interests of your own safety!

Before you agree to enter the pyramids, objectively assess your psychological state and physical health. People who have a fear of closed spaces (claustrophobia) should skip this part of the tour. Due to the fact that the inside of the tombs is usually dry, hot and a little dusty, it is not recommended for asthmatics, hypertensive patients and those suffering from other diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous system to enter here.

How much will an excursion to the area of the Egyptian pyramids cost a tourist? Cost has several components. The entrance ticket will cost you 60 Egyptian pounds, which is equivalent to about 8 euros. Do you want to go to the Cheops pyramid? For this you will have to pay 100 pounds or 13 euros. A tour from the inside of the Pyramid of Khafre is much cheaper - £20 or €2.60.

A visit to the Solar Boat Museum, which is located south of the pyramid Cheops (40 pounds or 5 euros). Photography is allowed in the pyramid area, but you will have to pay 1 euro for the right to take pictures. Visiting other pyramids in Giza - for example, the mother and wife of Pharaoh Khafre - is not paid.

Many tourists admit that, after getting to know the main attractions, they leave it amazing place, literally imbued with the spirit of antiquity, I don’t want it at all. In such cases, you can rent camels for leisurely walks. Their owners wait for clients right at the foot of the pyramids. They may charge an inflated price for their services. Don’t agree to it right away, bargain and you’ll get a discount.

The Pyramid of Cheops is the only surviving wonder of the world.
The pyramids took two centuries to build and were erected several at a time. Now, according to research by various scientists, their age ranges from 4 to 10 thousand years.
In addition to precise mathematical proportions, pyramids have another feature in this area. The stone blocks are arranged in such a way that there are no gaps between them; even the thinnest blade will not fit through there.
Each side of the pyramid is located in the direction of one side of the world.
The Cheops Pyramid, the largest in the world, reaches a height of 146 meters and weighs more than six million tons.
If you want to know how the Egyptian pyramids were created, Interesting Facts You can learn about construction from the pyramids themselves. Construction scenes are depicted on the walls of the passages. The edges of the pyramids are curved by one meter so that they can accumulate solar energy. Thanks to this, the pyramids could reach thousands of degrees and emit an incomprehensible hum from such heat.
A perfectly straight foundation was made for the Cheops pyramid, so the edges differ from each other by only five centimeters.
The first pyramid built dates back to 2670 BC. e. In appearance, it resembles several pyramids located next to each other. The architect created the type of masonry that helped achieve this effect.
The Cheops Pyramid is made of 2.3 million blocks, perfectly aligned and matching each other.
Structures similar to the Egyptian pyramids are also found in Sudan, where the tradition was later picked up.
Archaeologists managed to find the village where the pyramid builders lived. A brewery and bakery were discovered there.

Camels against the backdrop of the Giza pyramids

How to get there

Tourists from Russia and the CIS countries usually prefer to spend their holidays in Sharm el-Sheikh or Hurghada and often want to combine a holiday on the magnificent beaches with a visit to the pyramid complex in Giza. Since the resorts are located quite far from the named city, you can only get there as part of an excursion group. If you go by bus, you will have to spend 6 to 8 hours on the road. It's faster by plane: you'll get there in just 60 minutes. You can also get there by car with a driver. This is much more comfortable, but it will take a significant hit on your wallet.

Those who are on vacation in Cairo or are in the Egyptian capital on a business trip are in a more advantageous position. They can take the bus (routes no. 900 and 997) or the metro (yellow line no. 2, exit at Giza station). Alternatively, you can call a taxi or catch one in Tahrir Square. The trip will cost more than public transport, but you’ll get there faster, in just half an hour. You can go back and forth with the same car, but you will have to pay a little more.

You can get to Giza from the capital by taking a bus in the New Cairo area (aka Heliopolis), which follows one of two routes: No. 355 or No. 357. These comfortable vehicles, running every 20 minutes, are marked with the letters CTA, by which they are easy to recognize. Ending station is located just before the entrance to the pyramid zone, at the crossroads.

The pyramids of Egypt are simply stunning; the legends and myths force you to hold your breath and listen in admiration. Scientists and researchers for most centuries have been trying to get, in the literal sense of the word, to the truth that the most unique man-made wonders of the world keep inside themselves!

According to Egyptian religion, the pyramids were needed for people who went into afterworld, because together with the embalmed bodies, all the things a person needed, everything he needed during his life were buried there: precious jewelry, clothes, household utensils and other items that he might need in another life.

It is believed that the larger and higher the pyramid, the more powerful and richer the person was during his lifetime. Now, looking at such large structures, it is difficult to imagine what kind of wealth the pharaohs must have owned, and that all this was built by human hands; however, it should be taken into account that all construction was carried out manually, without the use of special construction equipment.

And when you look at the numbers on top of everything, it seems completely unrealistic - the area is the largest and everyone famous pyramid Cheops is 85,000 m3, the length of each side of the pyramid is 230 m and the height is almost 150 m. To really imagine how much this is, just remember a 9-story building, its area is approximately 10,000 m3. These numbers are, in fact, shocking! The most fascinating thing is that it took only 20 years to create such a brute!

Shrouded in mystery from creation itself. To this day, scientists do not agree on when and by whom the pyramids were built. The ideas are generally divided into two theories:

1st - that the pyramids were built long before the first Egyptians by aliens;

The second one says that it was the Egyptians who were the creators of these unique objects.

At the same time, they continue to argue about the actual purpose of the pyramids. Some believe that the famous pyramids at Giza were intended as beacons for alien ships, indicating a course towards the Sinai Desert, which served as a typical port. This version is confirmed by a photograph taken by NASA's galactic spacecraft from space.

If you superimpose a map of Egypt onto a map of the starry sky, you will notice that the placement of the pyramids coincides with the stars, the placement of the Nile can be compared to the Milky Way, and the three pyramids at Giza are recognized as Orion’s belt. But not everything coincides - 2 monuments of the 5th dynasty do not fall into such a code, but they are not stars, but they are 2 parallel medians.

Archaeologists have found unique ancient Egyptian manuscripts and texts that, according to legend, were acquired in ancient times from the Nefers - people with divine capabilities who lived in Atlantis.

And these are no longer some hypotheses, there is real documentary evidence of this. Whoever those Gods who were worshiped in Egypt were, ordinary mortal people who knew the laws of the Universe or aliens, they gave the Egyptians knowledge that we have not known until now. In particular, the Egyptians glorified their knowledge of the synchronization of the heavenly and earthly in history by constructing the entire complex of pyramids in strict accordance with the star map.

Like the stars, the pyramids of Egypt are very diverse; we can only solve the mysteries hidden in the majestic structures that have carried ancient knowledge through the centuries. There is a legend that when all the doors are open and the last riddle is solved, the end of the world will come. But at the same time there is another legend, which says that in the pyramids, like in the others, hidden knowledge is hidden that will help reveal the secrets of the Egyptian pyramids, and with them the secrets of the philosophy of the world.

While the secrets of the Egyptian pyramids remain secrets and excite our fantasies, no one has yet been able to guess them, perhaps because they are looking in the wrong place; after all, one of the legends says that the secret is hidden not on the walls and in writing, but in the buildings themselves; this knowledge is the source of a separate energy, which is destined to be read only by a chosen one!