The mystery of the Egyptian pyramids. Egyptian pyramids - who really built them? Alien civilization Egyptian pyramids interesting facts for children
The magic of mysterious countries still exists. Palm trees sway in the warm wind, the Nile flows through the desert surrounded by a green valley, the sun illuminates the Karnak Temple and the mysterious pyramids of Egypt, and bright schools of fish flash in the Red Sea.
Funerary culture of Ancient Egypt
Pyramids are grandiose structures in the form of a regular geometric polyhedron. In the construction of funerary buildings or mastabas, this form, according to Egyptologists, began to be used because of its resemblance to a funeral pie. If you ask about how many pyramids there are in Egypt, you can hear the answer that to date about 120 buildings have been found and described, which are located in different areas along the banks of the Nile.
The first mastabas can be seen in Saqqara, Upper Egypt, Memphis, Abusir, El Lahun, Giza, Hawar, Abu Rawash, Meidum. They were built from clay bricks with river silt - adobe, in a traditional architectural form. The pyramid housed a prayer room and a funeral “dowry” for traveling in the afterlife. The underground part stored the remains. The pyramids had different appearances. They evolved from a stepped form to a true, geometrically correct form.
Evolution of the shape of the pyramids
Tourists are often interested in how to see all the pyramids of Egypt and in which city they are located. There are many such places. For example, Meiduma is the most mysterious point, where the oldest of all the great funerary buildings are located. When Sneferu came to the throne (c. 2575 BC), Saqqara had the only large, fully completed royal pyramid of Djoser.
Ancients local residents They called it "el-haram-el-kaddab", which means "false pyramid". Because of its shape, it attracted the attention of travelers back in the Middle Ages.
The step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara is known as the earliest form of funerary building in Egypt. Its appearance dates back to the period of the third dynasty. Narrowing passages from the north lead to burial chamber. Underground galleries surround the pyramid on all sides except the south. This is the only completed building with huge steps that were lined with stone. But her form was different from the ideal. The first regular pyramids appeared at the beginning of the reign of the 4th dynasty of the pharaohs. The true form arose as a result of the natural development and improvement of the architectural design of the stepped building. The structure of a real pyramid is almost the same. The building blocks were laid to the required shapes and sizes of the object, and then they were finished with limestone or stone.
Pyramids of Dahshur
Dahshur forms the southern area of the Memphis necropolis and contains a number of pyramidal complexes and monuments. Dahshur has only recently been opened to the public. In the Nile Valley, south of Cairo, alone on the edge of the Western Desert, above the lush green fields of Meidum, lies a remarkable area where the transition from a stepped to a regular pyramid shape can be seen. The transformation occurred during the change from the third dynasty of pharaohs to the fourth. During the reign of the 3rd Dynasty, Pharaoh Huni organized the construction of the first regular pyramid in Egypt, using the stepped structures from Meidum as a base for construction. The funerary structure was intended for the son of Huni, the first pharaoh of the fourth dynasty, Snefru (2613-2589 BC). The heir completed work on his father's pyramids, then built his own - a stepped one. But the pharaoh's construction plans were scrapped because construction did not go according to plan. Reducing the angle of the side plane resulted in a diamond-shaped curved silhouette. This structure is called the Bent Pyramid, but it still has its outer shell intact.
Oldest pyramids at Saqqara
Saqqara is one of the huge necropolises ancient city, which is known today as Memphis. The ancient Egyptians called this place "White Walls". The pyramids of Egypt at Saqqara are represented by the first oldest step pyramid, Djosera. It was here that the history of the construction of these burial structures began. The first writing on the walls, known as the Pyramid Texts, was found in Saqqara. The architect of these projects is called Imhotep, who invented hewn stone masonry. Thanks to construction developments, the ancient architect was considered a deity. Imhotep is considered the son of the patron of crafts, Ptah. Saqqara is home to many tombs belonging to important ancient Egyptian officials.
A true gem represents the great pyramids of Egypt in the Sneferu complex. Dissatisfied with the Bent Pyramid, which did not allow him to go to heaven with dignity, he began construction about two kilometers to the north. This was the famous Pink Pyramid, so named because of the red limestone used in its construction. This is one of the oldest buildings in Egypt, which is created in the correct form. It has an inclination angle of 43 degrees and is the second largest, second only to the Great Pyramid of Giza. It was built by Sneferu's son in Khufu. In fact, the Great Pyramid is only 10 meters from the Pink Pyramid. Other major monuments at Dahshur date from the 12th and 13th dynasties and are not comparable in scale to the work of Huni and Sneferu.
Late pyramids in the Sneferu complex
There are later pyramids at Meidum. In Egypt, where the White Pyramid of Amenemhat II, the Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III and the structure of Senusret III are located, smaller monuments for funerary purposes for minor rulers, nobles and officials dominate.
They talk about a fairly stable and peaceful period in Egyptian history. Interestingly, the Black Pyramid and the structure of Senwosret III were built not of stone, but of brick. Why this material was used is unknown, but in those days new methods of construction penetrated into Egypt from other countries, thanks to trade and international relations. Unfortunately, although brick was much easier to work with, compared to granite blocks, which weighed many tons, this material did not stand the test of time. Although the Black Pyramid is quite well preserved, the White Pyramid is very damaged. Tourists who have little knowledge about a huge number pyramidal burials, misunderstanding arises. They ask: "Where are the pyramids in Egypt?" While everyone knows about the great funerary structures of Egypt, there are many lesser examples of similar structures. Scattered along the Nile from Selium on the edge of the oasis to the island of Elephantine in Aswan, in the village of Naga el-Khalifa, about five miles south of Abydos, in the city of Minya and many other unexplored places.
Pyramids of Giza and necropolis
For all tourists who come to Egypt, an excursion to the pyramids becomes almost a ritual. The buildings of Giza are the only surviving of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and are the most famous landmarks. This sacred place impresses with its antiquity, the scale of the necropolis, the unreality of the structures and the Great Sphinx. The mysteries of the construction and supposed symbolism of the Giza pyramids only add to the appeal of these ancient wonders. Many modern people still consider Giza a spiritual place. A number of fascinating theories have been proposed to explain the "mystery of the pyramids." The author of the project of the Great Pyramid in Egypt is called the adviser of Cheops and his relative - Hemiun. Giza is the most important place on earth for many researchers who are trying to unravel the geometric perfection of funerary structures in ancient sources. But even great skeptics are in awe of the great antiquity, scale and absolute harmony of the Giza pyramids.
History of the Pyramids of Giza
Situated on the west bank of the Nile River, approximately 12 miles southwest of downtown Cairo, Giza (el-Gizah in Arabic) is the third largest city in Egypt with a population of almost 3 million. This famous necropolis on the Giza Plateau, which contains the most popular monuments in Egypt. The Great Pyramids of Giza were built in 2500 BC as burial grounds for the pharaohs. Together they make up the only ancient miracle of light still existing today. Many tourists are attracted by Egypt (Hurghada). They can see the Pyramids of Giza in half an hour, which it takes to travel. You can admire this wonderful ancient sacred place to your heart's content.
The Great Pyramid of Khufu, or Cheops as the Greeks called it (it is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids at Giza), and the necropolis bordering Cairo have remained virtually untouched by time. It is believed that the pyramid was built as a tomb for the fourth dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs Khufu. The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. It was originally covered with casing stones, which created a smooth outer surface. Some of them can be seen around the base and at the very top. There are different scientific and alternative theories about how the pyramids were built Ancient Egypt, and about the methods of construction of the Great itself. Most accepted theories of construction are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and lifting them into place. It covers an area of just over 5 hectares. The original height was 146 m in height, but the pyramid is still an impressive 137 m high. The main losses are due to the destruction of the smooth limestone surface.
Herodotus on Egypt
When the Greek historian Herodotus visited Giza, around 450 BC, he described the pyramids in Egypt. He learned from Egyptian priests that the Great Pyramid was built for Pharaoh Khufu, who was the second king of the Fourth Dynasty (c. 2575-2465 BC). The priests told Herodotus that it was built by 400,000 people over 20 years. The construction employed 100,000 people at a time to move the blocks. But archaeologists consider this implausible and tend to think that the labor force was more limited. Perhaps 20,000 workers with accompanying support staff of bakers, doctors, priests and others would be sufficient to complete this task.
The most famous pyramid was carefully laid out using 2.3 million processed stone blocks. These blocks had an impressive weight from two to fifteen tons. After completion of construction, the burial structure was amazing in weight, which was approximately 6 million tons. All the famous cathedrals in Europe combined have this weight! The Pyramid of Cheops has been recorded for thousands of years as the tallest structure in the world.
Only the graceful spiers of the unusually majestic Lincoln Cathedral, built in England, 160 m high, were able to break the record, but they collapsed in 1549.
Pyramid of Khafre
Among the pyramids of Giza, the second largest in size is the structure built for afterlife journey Khafre (Khefre), son of Pharaoh Khufu. He inherited power after the death of his elder brother and was the fourth ruler in the fourth dynasty. Of his high-born relatives and predecessors on the throne, many were buried in penny tombs. But the grandeur of Khafre’s pyramid is almost as striking as the “last house” of his father.
The Pyramid of Khafre visually reaches towards the sky and seems higher than the first pyramid of Giza - the funerary building of Cheops, because it stands on a higher part of the plateau. It is characterized by a steeper slope with a preserved smooth limestone surface. The second pyramid had each side measuring 216 m and was originally 143 m high. Its limestone and granite blocks weigh about 2.5 tons each.
The ancient pyramids of Egypt, for example Cheops, like the building of Khafre, each include five burial pits connected by passages. Together with the mortuary, the Valley of the Temples and the connecting causeway, it is 430 meters long, carved into the rock. The burial chamber, which is located underground, contained a red granite sarcophagus with a lid. Nearby is a square cavity where there was a chest with the entrails of the pharaoh. The Great Sphinx near Khafre's pyramid is considered to be his royal portrait.
Pyramid of Mikerin
The last of the pyramids of Giza is the pyramid of Mikerin, located to the south. It was intended for the son of Khafre, the fifth king of the fourth dynasty. Either side is 109 m, and the height of the structure is 66 m. In addition to these three monuments, no great pyramids for Khufu's three wives and a series of flat-topped pyramids for the remains of his beloved children. At the end of the long causeway, small tombs of the courtiers were lined up, the temple and morgue were built only for the mummification of the pharaoh's body.
Like all the pyramids of Egypt, created for the pharaohs, the burial chambers of these buildings were filled with everything necessary for the next life: furniture, statues of slaves, niches for canopic jars.
Theories about the construction of the Egyptian giants
There are many mysteries hidden centuries-old history Egypt. The pyramids, built without modern devices, only increase curiosity about these places. Herodotus assumed that the foundation was laid from huge blocks weighing about seven tons. And then, like children’s cubes, all 203 layers were lifted up step by step. But this cannot be done, as evidenced by the Japanese attempt in the 1980s to duplicate the actions of Egyptian builders. The most plausible explanation is that the Egyptians used ramps to pull stone blocks down a ramp using sleds, rollers, and levers. And the base was a natural plateau. The majestic structures withstood not only the crushing work of time, but also numerous attacks by grave robbers. They robbed the pyramids in ancient times. The burial chamber of Khafre, discovered by the Italians in 1818, was empty; there was no longer any gold or other treasures there.
There is a possibility that there are still undiscovered pyramids of Egypt or are now completely destroyed. Many people express fantastic theories about extraterrestrial intervention from another civilization, for which such construction is child's play. The Egyptians are only proud of the perfect knowledge of their ancestors in the field of mechanics and dynamics, thanks to which the construction business developed.
Egyptian pyramids- some of the most mysterious and unusual structures ever created by man. The name “pyramids” usually refers to all Egyptian structures that have a shape resembling a pyramid. But only some of them can be called pyramids from a geometric point of view. These include, in particular, the great pyramids at Giza.
These buildings have a perfect pyramidal shape. The biggest of them is world famous pyramid of Cheops. It is one of the seven wonders of the world. But the pyramids are located not only in Giza, but also in other parts of Egypt. A large number of pyramids are located in Saqqara, Dahshur, Meidum, Abusir. Egyptian pyramids attract many scientists, archaeologists and historians, and some facts about them do not fit into the traditional history of the development of civilizations.
Interesting facts about Egyptian pyramids:
The largest Egyptian pyramid is the Pyramid of Cheops at Giza. Its height is about 139 meters. Initially, its height was almost 10 meters higher, but after the destruction of the cladding it decreased. Its base is a square with a side of 230 meters. It took over 2.5 million blocks. On average, each block weighs about 2-3 tons. It is the tomb of the great pharaoh Cheops (Khufu).
Age of the pyramids
Many scientists date the age of the most ancient pyramids 2650-2600 BC. The pyramid of Djoser is considered one of the very first. But some scientists believe that the pyramids are much older. Using new advances in science, they suggest that some of the pyramids are more than 10,000 years old. Thus, if we take this age into account, it turns out that the first pyramids were built at a time when mammoths still lived on the planet.
Dynasties and pyramids
Almost all dynasties of Egyptian kings left their mark on history in the form of pyramids. Currently, no pyramids belonging to the first and second dynasties have been found. The predecessors of the pyramids are considered mastabas. These are ancient Egyptian trapezoidal structures that are the tombs of kings. The beginning of the construction of the pyramids is associated with the third dynasty. The most famous and largest pyramids at Giza belong to the fourth dynasty.
Pyramid design
Most pyramids are almost monolithic structures, with long corridors and small rooms. So, each pyramid has a main entrance. It leads to the main corridor, which branches into two: one goes up, the other goes down. The lower one leads to underground chambers that lie much deeper than the foundation of the pyramid. The upper one, in turn, expands and turns into a spacious gallery leading to the king’s tomb.
It was previously believed that thousands of slaves were used in the construction of the pyramids. They were brought to the great construction site from all corners of the kingdom. But in the vicinity of the pyramids, no mass graves were found confirming a large number of slaves who died at a construction site. Recently, archaeologists have found many commercial and residential buildings that refute slave labor in the construction of the pyramids. So the builders had granaries, dormitories, places for healing, canteens and even a brewery. This suggests that the pyramid builders had a fairly high standard of living at that time.
Imhotep and the Pyramid of Djoser
Before the appearance of the great pyramids at Gisea, the tombs of the kings had a different appearance. The pyramids of the third dynasty consisted of several volumetric trapezoids stacked on top of each other. At the base lay the largest trapezoid; towards the top they became smaller. The first of these pyramids is considered to be the pyramid of Djoser, built by Imhotep. It was he who invented this form for tombs. Imhotep also developed a special method of laying hewn stones. This method was subsequently widely used in the construction of pyramids.
The walls of the galleries and tombs inside the pyramids are painted with various hieroglyphs and images. Moreover, each hieroglyph and image was not chosen by chance and carries a religious meaning. They usually depict the lifetime achievements of the deceased, a kind of instruction for the transition to the afterlife, and more. Also in one of the pyramids, images similar to a tank, a helicopter and a flying machine were found.
The Legend of the Curse of the Pyramids
In various films and stories, the legend of the curse of the pyramids is quite common. It says that anyone who enters the tomb and disturbs the peace of the pharaohs will be cursed and die soon. The basis for this opinion was an article in the 20s in one of the newspapers, which stated that all participants in the excavations of Tutankhamun’s tomb died under mysterious circumstances.
In fact, many of the scientists were elderly, which may explain their death within a few years of participating in the excavations. Some participants lived for decades after the expedition.
One of the pyramids in Dahshur has a broken shape. From the base to the middle the angle of the sides is about 54 degrees, and from the middle to the top it is about 43 degrees. Some researchers believe that Pharaoh Snofr, for whom it was built, died prematurely and in order to speed up construction the angle of inclination was changed. Another version is that the cladding on other pyramids with the same angle fell off and the angle was changed in order to avoid this.
Purpose of the pyramids
The pyramids are the tombs of the kings of Egypt. It is believed that it becomes the home of the pharaoh after death and therefore everything that he would need in the afterlife was placed in it. His wives, concubines and slaves were also buried with the pharaoh. According to another version, the pyramids are intended for transition to another world. For this purpose, according to archaeologists, a vertical shaft was made in the tomb.
The Pink Pyramid is located in Dahshur. It is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids besides the Great Pyramids of Giza. This pyramid got its name because of the material from which it is made. This limestone gives it a pinkish tint in the rays of the setting sun.
Other pyramids
Pyramids exist not only in Egypt, but also in other parts of the Earth. For example, in Central and South America There are also pyramids. They are slightly different from the Egyptian ones, but, nevertheless, have many similarities with them.
The following facts are interesting: during the construction of the pyramids in Giza, huge blocks weighing several tons were used, and inside the Cheops pyramid there are blocks weighing up to 80 tone. Moreover, they are made with high precision. The questions arise: how did people process, deliver and lift them up? After all, even with modern technology and science, we cannot do much of this. There are several hypotheses: they possessed technologies unprecedented for us, they were helped by some more advanced race (possibly alien), the builders possessed a magic crystal that helped in construction.
Facts about the great pyramids of Giza: they have a strict orientation to the cardinal points, the angle of inclination is 52 degrees, the deviation between the ribs is no more than 5 centimeters with a base side length of more than 200 meters.
Interesting video about the secrets of the pyramids:
8-07-2016, 15:07 |
Egyptian pyramids
Egyptian pyramids are the most unique structure of the era Ancient world. The land of ancient Egypt has always been a place of unique scientific discoveries by archaeologists. Most of the finds naturally came from pyramids - the ancient tombs of the pharaohs. They were created to ensure immortality for the spirit of the pharaoh. Pharaoh Djoser, the first king of the Third Dynasty, became the first ruler to build a pyramid. It consists of six steps, about 60 meters high. Authorship is attributed to Imhotep, a scientist, physician and architect. Djoser was very pleased with the completed structure, so he allowed the name of the architect to be engraved on his statue - this is truly an unheard of honor for that time. Excavations at the pyramid of Djoser revealed to scientists many tombs of members of the king’s family and his entourage.
Egyptian pyramids pyramid of Cheops
Most big pyramid is the pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu or Cheops. Its age is about five thousand years, the height was previously 147 meters, and now due to the collapse it is 137 meters, the length of the side is 233 meters. Before late XIX V. the pyramid of Cheops was considered the highest architectural structure in the world. It was found that it was built from 2,300,000 known blocks; they were polished and weighed about two tons. The most interesting thing is that the gap between the blocks is extremely small; it’s even difficult to insert a knife blade into it. This is amazing... Many people are still speculating how the Egyptians managed to move them. It is also important to understand how labor-intensive this work was, because those artisans who were engaged in grinding also used stone tools. On the right bank of the Nile there were quarries, where stones were mined to build the pyramids. The boundaries of the stone were marked in the rock, and workers dug a furrow along these cutoffs. Then a dry tree was placed there, water was poured on it, it expanded and the stone was broken off from the mountain. The stones were polished right there on the spot. Workers had to work in any weather. Then the blocks were transported on boats to the other side of the Nile, and they were transported on wooden sleds to the site where the pyramid was built. They were built for many years, many workers died. According to the information of the ancient scientist Herodotus, the Cheops pyramid took about twenty years to build, the workers changed every three months, and about 100,000 people worked. Two-ton boulders were lifted only with the help of human power.
Pyramids of Ancient Egypt: secrets, riddles, structure, architecture and internal structure of the pyramids of Ancient Egypt
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- The pyramids of Egypt are a unique architectural monument that has remained for centuries thanks to mysterious builders who managed to create structures so strong that no natural disasters or destructive wars could completely destroy these ancient Egyptian necropolises. The mystery of the pyramids has not yet been solved: it is impossible to speak with certainty either about the method of their construction, or about who acted as the main labor force. Now there are about 118 pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which were built during the reign of the III and IV dynasties of the pharaohs, that is, during the period of the so-called Old Kingdom. There are two types of pyramids: stepped and regular. The most ancient structures are considered to be of the first type. For example, the pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser, dating back to 2650 BC. e.
Necropolis translated from Greek means “ City of dead"and is a cemetery, usually located on the outskirts of the city. Egyptian pyramids - one of the varieties of this type of burial - served as monumental tombs for the pharaohs.
What do we know about the pyramids of Egypt?
They first learned about the pyramids thanks to the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the 5th century BC. Traveling through Egypt, he was amazed famous pyramids Giza and immediately ranked one of them, dedicated to Cheops, among the seven wonders of the world. Moreover, it was Herodotus who created the legend about how these structures were built. As soon as the pyramids became the object of study by scientists, and this happened only two hundred years ago, this legend immediately became a historical truth, the authenticity of which was refuted not so long ago.
How the ancient pyramids were built
Not as much has reached our time intact as we would like. Numerous vandals who robbed the pyramids for the treasures hidden inside, and local residents who broke out stone blocks to build palaces and mosques, destroyed part of the external and internal appearance. Thus, the Pink or Northern Pyramid from Dahshur (26 km south of Cairo) got its name because of the color of the stone, turning pink in the rays of the setting Sun. However, she wasn't always like this. Previously, the structure was covered with white limestone, which was entirely used for the construction of houses in Cairo.
For a long time it was believed that people who disturbed the peace of the pharaohs were doomed to death by the ancient gods. This was confirmed by the legend about the curse of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, according to which everyone who participated in the opening of the grave was supposed to die within a few years. And indeed, by 1929 (the tomb was opened in 1922), 22 people, one way or another involved in the autopsy, died. Whether the cause was the magic of Ancient Egypt or the poison placed in the sarcophagus during burial is anyone's guess.
It is believed that the famous Great Sphinx, which lies near the pyramids of Giza, is the guardian of the peace of the buried pharaohs.
Architecture and internal structure of the pyramids
The pyramids were only part of the ritual-funeral complex. Next to each of them there were two temples, one nearby and the other much lower, so that its foot was washed by the waters of the Nile. The pyramids and temples were connected by alleys. An analogue of an alley of a similar plan can be seen in Luxor. The famous Luxor and Karnak temples were united by an avenue of sphinxes that has partially survived to this day. The pyramids of Giza practically did not preserve their temples and alleys: only the lower temple of Khafre, the pharaoh of the IV dynasty, remained, for a long time considered the temple of the Great Sphinx.
The internal structure of the pyramids implied the obligatory presence of a chamber where the sarcophagus with a mummy was located, and cut passages to this chamber. Sometimes religious texts were placed there. So, interior spaces pyramids in Saqqara, an Egyptian village 30 km from Cairo, contained the oldest works of funerary literature that have come down to us.
It is believed that the famous Great Sphinx, which lies near the pyramids of Giza, is the guardian of the peace of the buried pharaohs. The ancient Egyptian name of this first monumental sculpture in the world has not reached our time. Only the Greek version of the designation remains in history. Medieval Arabs called the Sphinx "the father of horror."
Modern Egyptologists suggest that the construction of the pyramids was carried out in several stages. Moreover, sometimes the size of the tomb during the creation process increased several times in comparison with the original project. The pharaohs built their tomb for many years. Only ground work and leveling the site for the future structure required at least ten. It took Pharaoh Cheops twenty years to build the largest pyramid to date. The workers who built the tombs were not slaves tortured to death. Moreover, archaeological excavations have shown that they were kept in fairly decent conditions, treated and fed normally. However, it is still unknown exactly how the huge stone blocks got to the very top. What is clear is that construction techniques have changed over time, and later structures are built differently from the first.
the most unesco
Pyramid of Djoser
Giza, Al Badrashin
It’s definitely worth deciding on this trip, if only out of curiosity. After all, the Pyramid of Djoser is recognized as the oldest surviving Egyptian pyramid. Yes, yes, this is the first pyramid of Egypt, and it was built in honor of the ruler Djoser by the architect and close associate of the pharaoh Imhotep.
Pyramids
Mysterious pyramids Egypt
The Egyptian Pyramid of Djoser, better known as the step pyramid, is located in Saqqara, 30 km from Cairo. A visit to the pyramid is part of the Dashur-Sakkara excursion. It’s worth visiting this pyramid at least out of curiosity, because this is the very first pyramid built in honor of the ruler Djoser. The peculiarity of the pyramid is that it is made in a stepped form. Six steps are the path along which the pharaoh goes to the afterlife, according to historians. Inside the pyramid there are 11 burial chambers for the pharaoh and his family members. During archaeological excavations, Djoser himself was not discovered, only the mummies of his relatives. This is explained by the fact that by the time the excavations began, the tomb had already been plundered.
An excursion to Saqqara with a visit to the Pyramid of Djoser will cost about $80 per person.
Pyramid of Mikerin
The pyramid is located on the Giza plateau next to others famous pyramids- Cheops and Khafre. Compared to them, the pyramid of Mikerinus is considered the smallest and youngest pyramid of the famous triad. The peculiarity of this pyramid is its color - up to the middle it was made of red granite, and above it was made of white limestone. But in the 16th century, the cladding was destroyed by Mamluk warriors. Scientists explain the fact that the Mikerin pyramid is relatively small in size by the fact that the Egyptians stopped making grandiose tombs. But despite this, the pyramid never ceases to amaze scientists and travelers. For example, the largest block of stone weighs about 200 tons! What technical means helped the ancient Egyptians so much? An excursion to the pyramid is included in the Cairo travel program and costs approximately $60 per person. 
Pyramid of Mikerin
The Pyramid of Cheops
There is hardly a person. who would not know the main attraction of Egypt - the Pyramid of Cheops. The height of this one of the Seven Wonders of the World today is 140 meters, and the area is about 5 hectares. The pyramid consists of 2.5 million stone blocks. The construction of the pyramid took 20 years. Several thousand years have passed since the construction of the Cheops pyramid, but the Egyptians still strongly revere the pyramid, and every year in August they celebrate the day its construction began. Despite the research and excavation of the pyramid, it still holds many secrets. For example, in the funeral room of the pharaoh’s wife, secret doors were discovered, which, according to scientists, symbolize the path to the afterlife. But archaeologists were never able to open the last door. The cost of an excursion to the Giza plateau with a visit to the pyramids is $50-60. For children, the ticket will cost half as much.
Pyramid of Khafre
Although Khafre's pyramid smaller than a pyramid Cheops is 4 meters, but visually it seems taller. The secret is that the pyramid stands on a ten-meter plateau and is very well preserved to this day. The pyramid has two entrances - one at a height of 15 m, and the other on the same side at the base level. The inside of the Khafre pyramid is quite modest - two rooms and a couple of corridors, but the real sarcophagus of the pharaoh is kept here. The tomb is made at the highest level and does not leave any tourists indifferent. The tomb itself is empty.
Archaeologists found a grand discovery in a pyramid in the 19th century - a sculpture of a pharaoh made from mountain diorite.
The cost of an excursion to the Pyramid of Khafre is about $60. 
Pyramid of Khafre
Dashur
This place is not as popular as the Giza plateau with its pyramids. Dashur is famous for its pyramids, which were built during the reign of Pharaoh Snofu. These structures are considered the first tombs in history built using new types of structures.
South Pyramid, which is better known as Broken, got its name due to its irregular shape. During its construction, the angles of the edges were changed for an unknown reason. This may have been a mistake, but scientists explain this as a construction move with concern for the strength and durability of the pyramid. The main difference between the Bent Pyramid is this. that it has two entrances - the “traditional” northern one and the almost never encountered southern one.
Another attraction of Dashur is the Northern Pyramid, better known by its name as the Red Pyramid. The pyramid got its name because of its red facing color. This is the first tomb with a regular pyramidal shape. The pyramid is very dark, so it is worth taking a flashlight with you. In the lowest burial chamber one can observe a high stepped ceiling, the same as in the gallery of the Cheops pyramid.
The cost of an excursion to Cairo, which includes a trip to Dashur, will cost an average of $85.
Probably every person wants to look at the pyramids. And if this is your dream since childhood, then a tour to Egypt is what you need. It’s very easy to order such a tour today - just contact travel companies in your city through a special form on our website, or contact us with any questions you may have at 8-800-100-30-24.