River Police Day. For order on the water. Russian River Police Day History and traditions of the holiday

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The river police make up a significant part of the water police. This structure began to be called “police” relatively recently - only 5 years ago, when the law “On the Police” came into force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

River police officers monitor water spaces, prevent fires on water, water bodies, poaching, as well as other violations of order on the river. The river police unit works closely with the departments for combating drug trafficking, weapons, and the economic crimes department.

Story

The history of the existence of this unit dates back to the end of the 19th century. The decree on the organization of the river patrol was signed by the royal hand. The first date of establishment of the river police is June 1987. At that time, the river police existed in the form of a special unit, whose duties were to restore order in the water spaces of St. Petersburg and surrounding regions, namely:

1. Inspection of river vessels.
2. Inspection of ships.
3. Control of order on the piers.
4. Prevention of poaching and theft.
5. Order on the beaches (bathing areas).
6. Reliability of strengthening river banks.

The river branch soon appeared in other cities of Russia. These units were disbanded after the October Revolution. But already in 1918, the river militia was again established, this time by the Council of People's Commissars by its decree of June 25, 1918. This date is generally considered to be the date of the creation of the river police.

Traditions

The difficult and often dangerous work of river policemen, both in tsarist times in the USSR and now, was and remains in high esteem. The professional holiday River Police Day is another wonderful occasion to honor their difficult, but important work.

On this day, water policemen gather at banquet tables with their brothers in the profession, recall vivid stories from their professional lives, and accept congratulations from their superiors and higher authorities. Some of them are awarded medals, certificates of commendation, cash bonuses, promotions in rank and position. Sometimes meetings or round tables are organized in educational institutions, where experienced water police officers talk about their profession. On this day, congratulations are heard from radios and televisions.

The honor and courage of these extraordinary people are set as an example for the younger generation.

Every year, on the twenty-fifth of July Russian Federation River Police Day is celebrated. It is worth noting that the holiday was previously called “River Police Day” (until two thousand and eleven). But after the federal law “On Police” came into force in two thousand and eleven, the name of the holiday also changed.

Division history

In the second half of the nineteenth century, a project was approved to create such a unit as the river police. It was then that this structural unit was mentioned for the first time. To be more precise, the project to create the river police as a separate structural unit was approved by the emperor in June 1867. The new structural unit initially became part of the special external police. The responsibilities of the newly organized special unit included maintaining order on the numerous canals of St. Petersburg (as well as on the Neva River and the coastline of the Gulf of Finland).

The river police patrolled the waters of St. Petersburg (at that time it had the status of the capital of the Russian State), supervised ships, piers, fish tanks, baths and other water bodies. She was involved in suppressing the import of smuggled goods into the capital by water, participated in the inspection of cargo, and so on. The responsibilities of the water police included combating theft on the water, as well as preventing and extinguishing fires were also one of the responsibilities of this structural unit.

Somewhat later, structural units of the river law enforcement agency began to be created in other cities with water areas.

After one thousand nine hundred and seventeen (as you know, the October Revolution took place this year), the river police, in general, like almost the entire law enforcement system of Russia, was abolished. However, a year later, or more precisely on the twenty-fifth of July one thousand nine hundred and eighteen, according to the decree of the Council of People's Commissars “On the establishment of the river police,” a “new old” structural unit of law enforcement agencies of a socialist country was created. It is this date that can be considered the “birthday” of the modern prototype of the Russian river police.

Features of the unit's work

A peculiarity of the work of this unit was that initially each city had its own river police unit (later police). For more effective work results, later this structural association began to work across entire river basins.

From its foundation to the present time, this structural unit of law enforcement agencies has been engaged in the following activities:
1. The fight against crime and offenses on water bodies and water transport facilities.
2. Identification of economic crimes.
3. Combating illegal weapons trafficking.
4. Fight against poaching.

How is the holiday celebrated?

Water police officers, noting their professional holiday, receive congratulations from their management and from their colleagues. Also, particularly distinguished police officers receive state prizes and awards. Very often, all kinds of concert events are held, with the invitation of domestic and foreign pop stars (respectively, when it comes to major cities). In smaller populated areas, this holiday of the law enforcement water structural unit is celebrated with a festive concert in a city, rural or village house of culture. Also, on their professional day, water police officers can visit secondary and higher educational institutions, kindergartens and talk about their service, thereby instilling respect and honor for this profession in the younger generation.

The role of the river police in the life of modern society

Currently, it is difficult to underestimate the contribution of the river police to ensuring order and law on the territory of the Russian Federation. Our country has a huge river basin; the rivers, in turn, are filled with natural resources, including fish species listed in the Red Book of Nature. River policemen fight poachers, thereby preventing the irreparable depletion of certain population species of rivers, prevent the commission of crimes on the water, inspect barges, steamships, boats, river scooters, allow or prohibit this transport from sailing (this is done for the safety of passengers and the crew of these river boats, if the vessel is in a catastrophically terrible condition, then there is a high probability of a sad outcome of the voyage. Well, the river police “in absentia” save the lives of hundreds and thousands of people. It is worth saying that river law enforcement agencies are also involved in preventing various types of crimes, such as. economic, administrative and criminal offenses.

The fight against trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic drugs, the fight against smuggling (on border rivers), the fight against arms trafficking. The work of a river policeman is quite difficult and dangerous work. In addition to directly performing dangerous work, river police are also involved in checking documents for cargo transported along the river, checking fishing permits, monitoring the condition of ports, coastlines, marinas, are engaged in alerting and warning residents. The work of a river policeman is not worth it, not the highest paid, and not the most prestigious job. All the “laurels” go to the representatives of the land police, who also perform similar work, but on land, however, the river police also have the right to honor and respect.

How to congratulate?

On a professional holiday, river police officers should be congratulated on this day, and representatives of this complex and dangerous profession should be awarded the most important things: attention, honor, respect. You can also give memorable souvenirs and gifts, such as:
1. Memorable awards.
2. Dummy “combat ship”.
3. Postcards and valuable gifts (for example, gift watches, or gift weapons).
4. Attributes of a river policeman: flashing lights, loudspeaker.
5. Dummy combat uniform.
6. Souvenir general's shoulder straps and a souvenir general's ID (something like “general of the river police” or “general of all Rus'”).

All of the above souvenirs will leave a good memory of the time spent holiday, will allow the employees of this structural unit to feel like a representative of a necessary and undoubtedly important profession.

Summarizing the above, I would like to say that the river water police have always played an important role in ensuring order in the river areas of our vast Motherland. Courageous, brave and honest police officers provide ordinary citizens with carefree leisure and recreation on the rivers, and allow them to avoid difficult and dangerous situations on the waters of the Russian Federation.

On July 25, Russia celebrates River Police Day. This is a professional holiday for people responsible for security public order and the fight against crime on the country's inland waterways. The river police are part of the structure of the transport police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, but they have special tasks, and are independent and very interesting. The holiday date was set in honor of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars “On the establishment of the river police,” which was published on July 25, 1918, exactly 99 years ago. But in fact, although modern river police count their existence precisely from this decree, the history of maintaining order on the rivers and lakes of Russia is longer and began in the pre-revolutionary era.

Back at the beginning of the 19th century. The Russian authorities are closely concerned with the issue of streamlining the management of water communications. In 1809, by decision of Emperor Alexander I, the Directorate of Water and Land Communications was created. The Russian Empire was divided into 10 districts under the leadership of directors of water and land communications, who had police teams at their disposal. This was the prototype of the river police created much later.

In the second half of the 19th century Russian Empire The improvement of the law enforcement system, primarily police services, continued. The spread of revolutionary ideas in society, the emergence of populist organizations, the increase in crime - all these circumstances greatly worried the Russian authorities and contributed to the strengthening of the Russian police.

On June 27, 1867, a special river police was created. Initially, it existed only in St. Petersburg - to protect public order in the Russian capital, but soon also appeared in Riga, Odessa and Nikolaev. The authorities had been thinking about the need to increase security measures on the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg for a long time, and in 1866 a special commission was assembled under the leadership of General Prince Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov, who in 1861-1866. held the post of St. Petersburg military governor-general and was well acquainted with the peculiarities of organizing law enforcement in the Russian capital. After D. Karakozov’s assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II in 1866, the post of military governor-general of St. Petersburg was abolished, and Suvorov became inspector general of infantry, but this did not stop him from heading the commission to create the river police.

The river police were assigned tasks of an administrative and police nature. She was supposed to be responsible for the implementation of legislation in the field of navigation, maintaining order on the water and in the coastal zone, monitoring the loading of goods and their rolling out onto the shore, checking the serviceability of steam and rowing ships designed in case of floods, combating theft and vagrancy on water arteries of St. Petersburg, determine the rules for closing navigation and ensure the safety of passage on ice. In addition, the river police were also entrusted with rescue functions in relation to drowning people and shipwrecks.

The staff of the river police of St. Petersburg was not very large. The river police was subordinate to the Chief of Police of St. Petersburg, and the manager was directly supervised by its activities. Subordinate to him were 3 officers - assistants, lower ranks and a team of sailors seconded by the Maritime Ministry. The manager of the river police was a naval headquarters officer by rank, and his assistants were chief naval officers. The appointment of the manager and his assistants was also carried out by mutual agreement of the Maritime Ministry and the Chief of Police of St. Petersburg. The first manager of the river police of St. Petersburg was appointed captain-lieutenant of the fleet Vladimir Ivanovich Korostovets.

The experiment to create a river police in St. Petersburg turned out to be successful, so the authorities decided to create river police on other waterways of the Russian Empire. So, in May 1882, a decision was made to create the Nizhny Novgorod River Police, which was to be responsible for order on the Oka and Volga rivers. The river police committee was headed by the Nizhny Novgorod governor himself; the committee included the vice-governor, the police chief, the head of the river police, the head of the railway department, the shipping inspector, the mayor, the architect, and the manager of the fairs. The river police were directly supervised by the head of the river police with assistants and subordinate lower ranks. The personnel of the Nizhny Novgorod river police were in the service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, although salary rates were Nizhny Novgorod, as in others provincial cities, were somewhat lower than in St. Petersburg, but this is understandable - life in the capital was more expensive, and the capital’s river police had more responsibility.

In 1885, the number of St. Petersburg river police was increased. It introduced the positions of a junior assistant to the river police manager, two senior policemen and ten junior policemen. In 1894, in addition to the river police, another structure was created that was responsible for maintaining order and security on the waters and coast - the port police. Port wardens, port foremen and port police officers served in the major military ports of the Russian Empire, ensuring security and fighting crime.

At the beginning of the twentieth century. The river police of St. Petersburg already had 104 employees. The following positions were introduced: the manager of the river police, four assistant managers of the river police, one mechanical engineer, one naval engineer, one clerk, twenty senior policemen and seventy-five junior policemen, one machinist. However, during the navigation period the number personnel The St. Petersburg river police increased to 304 people - another 88 junior policemen, 1 driver, 5 helmsmen and 5 stokers, 5 sailors were added. In 1902, 28 port guards were included in the river police to ensure the security of the St. Petersburg port. The river police of St. Petersburg had their own vessels - 2 steamships, 8 cutters, 1 steam boat, 2 rowing rescue whaleboats and 33 rowing boats.

The specificity of the river police service was emphasized by its uniform. It resembled a naval uniform, and there was an anchor on the emblem, which indicated the functions performed. River police officers seconded from the Naval Ministry retained their naval ranks. As a rule, the most experienced and reliable military sailors were selected for service in the river police, capable of fulfilling the duties assigned to them based on their qualities.

The February and October revolutions of 1917 were a serious blow to the entire law enforcement system of the Russian state. The complete breakdown of previous state institutions did not spare the police. Moreover, her revolution was affected first of all, since the police were considered a stronghold of autocracy, they were hated by revolutionaries of all political parties. However, immediately after the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks were faced with the need to revive the system of fighting crime and maintaining public order. The sharply increased number of crimes, including in transport, left no choice but to recreate the former law enforcement agencies, albeit in a modified form in accordance with the dominant ideology. On July 25, 1918, the decree “On the improvement of river police” was adopted, which laid the regulatory and legal foundations for the protection of public order on the waterways of Soviet Russia.

In accordance with the decree of July 25, 1918, a river police was created, which was part of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the RSFSR. April 23, 1919 All-Russian Central Executive committee(VTsIK) adopted the Regulations “On the Soviet River Workers' and Peasants' Militia,” and in 1920 a special water police department was created as part of the RSFSR police. Initially, the river police were formed on a territorial basis, like ordinary police, but then they were reorganized and adapted to perform functions in relation to river and sea ​​routes. The river police were renamed the water police.
Over the next two years, the water police underwent fairly large-scale reorganizations.

First, in September 1920, part of the water police personnel was transferred to the Internal Service Troops and renamed the Internal Service Water Police. The criminal investigation department, which worked on waterways and was part of the water police, was transformed into the Water Investigation and Search Police. But already in the same 1920, all the weaknesses of the transformations that had taken place were identified, after which the water police were transferred from the Internal Service Troops to the troops of the All-Russian Emergency Commission. In March 1921, the Department of Railway and Water Police was transferred from the Cheka to the Main Militia. However, then, in December 1921, the water and railway police were liquidated, and the functions of protecting the water and railway infrastructure were transferred to the security of the People's Commissariat of Transport and the All-Russian Emergency Commission.

Thus, by 1924, the departmental police of the NKPS was created in the USSR. In large port cities, following the model of Tsarist Russia, port police departments were created, which were maintained by the enterprises that this police served. At the same time, water departments were created as part of territorial police bodies - to protect public order and fight crime in water transport and waterways. In this form, the water police existed for a decade and a half, until the start of the Great Patriotic War. The wartime situation required the creation of a unified and centralized water police management system, as the need to control the situation on waterways, combat saboteurs, criminals and saboteurs, and protect cargo increased.

June 27, 1942 People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR and People's Commissariat river fleet The USSR issued a joint order to create a centralized water police. The new structure was tasked with maintaining public order, combating common crime and theft of socialist property in water transport. As part of the Main Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia, the Transport Police Department was created, where in May 1943 a special Water Department was included.

Further transformations awaited the water police after the end of the Great Patriotic War and were associated with general reorganizations of the country's law enforcement system. Thus, on June 19, 1947, the functions of protecting public safety and law and order on railway and water communications were transferred to the Main Directorate of Security on Railway and Water Transport, created as part of the USSR Ministry of State Security on June 19, 1947. Thus, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of State Security became responsible for maintaining law and order on the water, and also took on functional responsibilities for counterintelligence support for railway and water transport.

When the unified Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was formed on August 14, 1953, instead of the Main Directorate of Security for Railway and Water Transport, the 6th Transport Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was created, which took on counterintelligence functions in transport and transport industry enterprises, and the Directorate transport police of the Main Police Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, which was directly involved in ensuring the protection of public order, fighting crime and the theft of socialist property in transport.

Accordingly, employees in the Transport Police Department were transferred from the abolished GUO, and instead of state security ranks, they were awarded special ranks of the Soviet police. Four years later, in 1957, the functions of protecting public order in water transport and waterways were transferred to the republican internal affairs bodies, and water police units were included in the regional internal affairs departments of the union republics, autonomous republics, territories and regions of the Soviet Union.

The system of public order protection in water transport acquired its modern form in 1980, when the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs for Transport of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was created. Now its successor is the Department of Law Enforcement in Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Water police officers today serve in all cities and towns of the Russian Federation where there are linear water transport police departments. Their service is less visible than other units of the transport police, which citizens encounter more often, but this does not make it less complex and honorable.

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