Project on the surrounding world about France. Countries of the world. France. Notre Dame Cathedral
Republique française
Capital —
Square— 674,685 sq. km.
Population— 66.2 million people
Language- French
Form of government- presidential-parliamentary republic
Date of foundation- 843 (Treaty of Verdun), 1958 (Fifth Republic)
Largest cities — ,
Currency— euro
Timezone— +1, in summer +2
Telephone code — +33
At the official level, the name of the country sounds like French Republic. The capital of the country is the city. France is located in western Europe and, in addition to its main territory, includes the island of Corsica, located in the vast Mediterranean Sea, as well as overseas departments and dependent territories. total area The country's territory is 674,685 thousand square kilometers. Administratively, France is divided into regions, of which there are about 30. Each region has its own budget and tax levels, but they are not autonomous. The population of France is represented by ethnic French (about 90%), as well as such national minorities as Catalans, Corsicans, Bretons, Jews and others. Religiously, France is multifaceted: the bulk of the population are Catholics, but there are also Muslims, Protestants, and Jews. French is the official language of the country. Along with official language, there are also about ten varieties of regional languages.
France - video
In France, fairly dry and hot summers give way to cool and rainy winters. France can be called a mountainous country. The mountains here are represented like this large areas like the Alps and Pyrenees. There are a great many large and small rivers on the territory of the country. The largest of them are, naturally, the Seine, as well as the Rhone, Garonne and Loire.
France is one of the key participants in world political events. The centers of such large organizations of world importance as UNESCO, Interpol, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures are located here. Along with this, the country is one of the major tourist centers in Europe and the whole world.
Sights of France
Of course, the first and most visited attraction, cultural value and symbol of the country is, which is located in the capital of France - Paris. The tower was built at the end of the 18th century according to the design of designer Gustav Eiffel on the Champs de Mars. The height of the tower is approximately 320 meters.
No less famous is Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral, located in the east of the Ile de la Cité. Here, the monumentality of the Norman Romanesque style is combined with Gothic lightness, which together creates the uniqueness of the architectural ensemble.
It is impossible not to mention the world famous art museum of France -. The museum is located in Paris on the Rue de Rivoli, on the right bank of the Seine. The Louvre is a former building royal palace with a statue of King Louis XIV, marking the starting point of the "historical" axis of Paris. Among the exhibits stored in the museum there are such masterpieces of art as the Venus de Milo, Mona Lisa or Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, paintings by Titian and Rembrandt and many others.
In one of the most major cities France - , located Capitol, which is at the same time the city hall and the city opera house with an orchestra, which is more than two hundred years old. The length of the Capitol façade is 130 meters.
Not far from Paris is the city of Versailles, which tourists will be interested in visiting Palace of Versailles — ceremonial palace kings of France, designed by the architect Louis le Vaux. In the 18th century, the palace was a role model for architects throughout Europe.
About 30 kilometers from Paris is located European Disneyland- huge tourist complex, which includes hotels, restaurants, cafes, entertainment attractions and much more. It is an exact copy of an American amusement park. The advantage of European Disneyland is that, in addition to , every visitor, without flying over the Atlantic Ocean, can get acquainted with “a true piece of America.”
How can we not mention the world famous Champs Elysees- according to residents - “the most beautiful street in the world.” The Champs-Élysées is known for its luxurious houses and expensive shops. It hosts annual military parades from Arc de Triomphe to Place de la Concorde. World film premieres take place in local cinemas.
1. Tourists in France should carefully monitor their personal belongings. The theft of bags from passers-by by motorcyclists passing by is quite common here. To avoid becoming a victim of pickpockets, you should not leave personal belongings on the front seats of cars, be extremely careful at airports, train stations, public transport and supermarkets.
2. If you witness a traffic accident in which people were injured, then it is imperative to provide assistance to the victims. Otherwise, you face quite large fines and even imprisonment, since in France this is considered a violation of the law.
3. You must always carry with you documents that prove your identity (original or officially certified copy). Representatives of the law may ask you to present this document, and if it is not there, you will have to proceed to the nearest police station to find out your identity.
4. Transporting narcotic or other prohibited substances is a criminal offense in France. Therefore, be prepared for thorough police checks of your belongings at checkpoints at airports and railway stations.
5. You need to be especially careful when crossing the road, even at pedestrian crossings, since local drivers do not always slow down in front of them, contrary to the prevailing opinion about the good manners of French motorists.
6. In local hotels and hotels of different levels you will be offered multiple meals only if you book a room for three to four days. Be careful when paying for hotels with credit cards - there is fraud in the form of using your data for illegal purposes.
7. Tipping in France ranges from 12 to 15% of the total price and is usually included in the bill for hotel rooms or restaurant orders. If you wish, you can leave the change when paying to the waiter or concierge.
8. There are very few Russian-speaking people among the service staff, but in many restaurants you can be offered a menu in Russian.
9. Since the beginning of 2008, France has passed a law banning smoking in all in public places. A year earlier, such a ban was introduced on smoking in workplaces, educational institutions, and waiting rooms at train stations and airports. Smoking is allowed on open terraces, stadium stands and bus stops. Smoking is also permitted in hotel rooms unless the hotel is designated non-smoking.
10. Shops in France start working at 9 am and end at 18:30 - 19:00. Supermarkets are open until 21 - 22 hours. Banking hours: from 9 to 12 and from 14 to 17 hours. Museums open at 9-10 am and close at 4-5 pm. Temples are open from 8 am until late evening.
11. In order to find lost items, you need to contact the Objets trouves service - this is a French lost property office.
12. Oddly enough, in terms of price level it is not the most expensive in Europe. However, prices for hotel rooms or dinner in restaurants can vary dramatically depending on the area in which you are located.
France on the map
Who among us has not dreamed of going to Paris? Who hasn't dreamed of walking along the Champs Elysees or being at the very top of the Eiffel Tower? Where the whole city is visible, as if in the palm of your hand. One of the most famous cities in the world, Paris captivates guests from the first minute, at a glance. The turbulent past of the French capital captures and carries on its waves, revealing secrets and beckoning with something unknown.
When you arrive in the city, it doesn’t matter whether it’s day or night, the first thing you’ll see is the Eiffel Tower, which, like a guardian, has been proudly towering over the city for many years. Standing on the banks of the famous Seine, the tower is a truly mesmerizing sight. In sunny weather with her observation platforms there is a stunning and unique view of the entire city. If the weather is cloudy, then, having climbed to the top, you seem to find yourself in another, “transcendental” world. At night, the tower seems to be shrouded in radiance from millions of glowing bulbs.
For dessert, an interesting video about Paris in photographs:
The weather in France is determined by several climate zones. In the west of the country due to the influence Atlantic Ocean summers are rainy and cool, and winters are mild and wet.
In the central part of the country, summers are hotter, winters are colder, in Lorraine and Alsace the temperature often drops below zero, and in Strasbourg and Nancy there are severe frosts.
The Mediterranean climate of the south provides warm winters with above-zero temperatures and sultry summers, when the air warms up to +30 degrees and above. The Velvet season on Cote d'Azur- August and September, the sweltering heat of July has already receded, and the water in the sea is the warmest. Excursions will be more comfortable in April and May, or September-October.
The country's topography is predominantly flat; the Pyrenees mountains in the south of the country and the Alps in the southeast serve as the natural borders of France. Large navigable rivers flow through the country: Garonne, Loire, Seine. About a third of the country's territory is occupied by forests; oak, hazel, cork, and spruce grow in the north.
On South Russian tourist will be glad to see palm trees and tangerine plantations.
IN sea waters Cod, herring, tuna, flounder, and mackerel are found near the borders of France.
The country's fauna is represented by wolves, bears, foxes, badgers, deer, hares, squirrels; snakes and mountain goats are found in the mountains. Birds - the familiar pigeon, pheasant, hawk, thrush, magpie, snipe.
Shopping
No one manages to return from France without shopping. Shopping in a country recognized as the birthplace of chic and elegance is a special pleasure. France is the center of fashion, winemaking, perfumery, cooking and cosmetics; here you want to buy everything at once.
But you shouldn't shop at tourist centers. It makes more sense to visit the larger ones shopping malls or department stores.
Clothing stores with affordable prices - Naf Naf, Kookai, Cote a Cote, C&A, Morgan, shoes - Andre.
Excellent edible French gifts for loved ones and friends would be wine, cognac, Gift Baskets cheeses, macaroons. Traditional souvenirs and purchases - images of the Eiffel Tower on magnets, key rings, decorative panels; berets and silk scarves; crystal products from Baccarat or glass from Brea.
Connoisseurs of fine aromas go to the town of Grasse, not far from Cannes, where the world-famous Fragonard perfume factory with a 400-year history is located, producing fragrant oils for perfumes. The factory hosts excursions during which those interested can purchase fine perfumes, fragrant soaps and other aromatic products.
Limoges, the capital of the Limousin province, is famous for its carpets and high-quality porcelain.
Sales held in France are popular when the original cost of goods is significantly reduced. Twice a year, usually on the second Wednesday of January and the last Wednesday of June, prices plummet by 40-70%. This feast for shopaholics lasts about 5 weeks. During the rest of the year, large sales are not allowed in France.
France allows non-residents to return up to 20.6% VAT (33% on luxury goods). Refund conditions: purchase of goods in the same store in the amount of 185 € to 300 €, depending on the store; registration when purchasing a border (inventory for export); leaving the EU within three months after the purchase. On the day of departure from France, you must present the purchased goods and border at the customs point. You will receive the money when you return home via credit card transfer or check in the mail. This can also be done at the airport at an authorized bank or kiosk Tax Free for tourists.
IN major cities shops are open from 10.00 to 19.00. except Sunday. Provincial stores are usually closed on Monday. There is a lunch break here - from 12.00 to 14.00, or from 13.00 to 15.00.
Grocery stores and bakeries are open in the mornings on weekends and holidays.
Kitchen and food
The French are unsurpassed gourmets, their cuisine is one of the most refined and beloved in the whole world. A French chef is a priori considered a virtuoso of the culinary arts; he will always add something of his own to a standard recipe, playing with it in such a way that you will forever remember the taste and aroma of the dish.
Each region of France is famous for its distinctive dishes. Normandy cheese and Calvados brought this region worldwide fame. Brittany will offer the traveler pancakes made from buckwheat flour stuffed with cheese, meat or eggs; in Toulouse you will try beans baked in a pot; in the southwest of the country you will enjoy goose liver pate - foie gras. One of the traditional French dishes - fish and seaweed soup bouibesse - you will appreciate in Marseille. In Rouen, you will delight in Andouille sausages and roast duck. In Le Havre you can pay tribute to excellent biscuits, and in Honfleur - omelettes and snails in wine sauce. Despite regional differences, all second courses are always accompanied by a side dish of vegetables and root vegetables - artichokes, asparagus, lettuce, beans, eggplant, peppers, spinach. And, of course, every meal is accompanied by the famous delicious French sauces, of which there are up to 3,000 recipes.
An integral part of local cuisine various seafood - oysters, lobsters, lobsters. At oyster farms in the south of France, at a price of 8 € per dozen, you will be offered the most delicious, juicy and fresh shellfish, and so that you can appreciate their specific taste, they will be served with bread and butter, lemon and a certain type of white wine.
The calling card of France is cheese; there are more than 1,500 varieties of it. Hard and soft, cow, sheep, goat, aged and moldy - French cheese is always of the highest quality and with a delicious taste.
Popular are omelettes and cheese soufflés, which are prepared with various fillings and seasonings: herbs, ham, mushrooms.
An iconic dish of French cuisine is onion soup. It has nothing in common with boiled onions, as many imagine who have not tried this wonderful dish. This is a thick, aromatic soup in meat broth with croutons baked in cheese and aromatic seasonings.
The first course in France is traditionally a puree soup made from all kinds of vegetables.
For dessert, you will be offered open-faced fruit or berry cakes, the famous creme brulee - cream baked with a caramel crust, soufflé and, of course, the famous croissants.
IN southern regions Each meal is accompanied by a glass of table wine. In the north and in big cities Many people prefer beer. Popular strong drinks are Calvados, cognac, absinthe.
In many establishments, eating and drinking at the counter (au comptoir) is cheaper than at a table (a salle), you will understand this from the prices on the menu. Meals at outdoor tables are 20% more expensive than indoors.
Lunch in cafes and restaurants lasts from 12.00 to 15.00, dinner from 19.00 to 23.00. A set meal (menu of the day) in Chinese establishments costs 10€, in cafes from 19€, in restaurants 30€.
The food bill often states service compris, which means that the cost of service is already included. If there is no such inscription, then the waiter needs to be thanked with an amount of 5-10% of the bill.
Unfortunately, tourists are often shortchanged, so check your bill before paying.
Helpful information
To visit France, Russian citizens will need a Schengen visa.
The official currency of the country is the euro.
Capital banks are closed on weekends and holidays, and on weekdays they are open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Banks in the province are open from Tuesday to Saturday. Exchange offices will serve you any day except Sunday.
The amount of imported and exported currency is not limited, but amounts over €7,500 (or other monetary equivalent) must be declared. The most favorable exchange rate is at Bank de Franct and at points with a No commission sign.
If you have converted any currency into euros, then a reverse exchange is possible only for an amount of 800 €. For exchanging dollars into euros, a large commission is charged - from 8 to 15%.
It is allowed to import into the country 1 liter of strong alcohol, 2 liters of wine, no more than 200 cigarettes, 500 grams of coffee, 50 ml of perfume or 250 ml of eau de toilette, 2 kg of fish and 1 kg of meat. All food products must have an expiration date on them. If you are bringing medications with you, it is advisable to have a prescription. Personal jewelry weighing up to 500 grams is not indicated in the declaration, but if the weight of jewelry exceeds this norm, all jewelry must be declared.
It is prohibited to export items of cultural and historical value without special permission, pornographic publications, weapons, ammunition, and drugs. You cannot export endangered species of animals and plants.
Electricity in France is standard - 220 volts, European-style sockets.
Museums in France are closed on Mondays. National museums do not work on Tuesdays.
Time in France is 2 hours behind Moscow.
Accommodation
Like all Western European countries, France has adopted a five-star service rating system. In any, even the most modest hotel, you will be provided with a standard set of services and decent service. An average “three” will cost from 40 to 100 € per night, depending on the region and proximity to attractions.
Guesthouses are popular in the country, often found in rural areas or small towns. This is an ideal and inexpensive place for a family holiday.
Lovers of antiquity and exoticism can choose grand hotels located in former palaces And ancient castles. Exquisite interiors and food from the best French restaurants will make you feel like a real aristocrat.
Bed-and-breakfast B&Bs are ideal for budget-conscious travelers.
Students can stay in youth hotels or university dormitories, but a room here must be booked in advance.
Tourists traveling by car can stay in comfortable campsites, which are necessarily equipped with a shower, laundry, and some have a cafe, swimming pool and bicycle rental.
Connection
There are countless payphones in France, which you can use by purchasing a Telecarte card at the post office or any tobacco kiosk. Payphones that accept coins - point-phones - have also been preserved. If you need to call home, dial 00, then the country code (Russia code 7), the desired city code and the subscriber's phone number.
Emergency telephone numbers:
- Ambulance - 15
- Fire service - 18
- Pan-European Rescue Service - 112
You will receive any necessary information by calling reference number 12. Help desk in Russian - 01-40-07-01-65.
Wi-Fi points are everywhere - on the streets, in cafes, bars, post offices, and transport stations.
Transport
France has excellent air and rail connections. High-speed trains, although not cheap, are very comfortable and save a lot of time. If you plan to travel by train a lot, purchase an InterRail pass, which gives you unlimited travel.
Local taxis have two tariffs - A (0.61 €/km) valid from 7 am to 7 pm from Monday to Saturday, tariff B (3 €/km) - at night and on weekends and holidays. There is a separate charge for boarding a taxi - 2.5 € and each piece of luggage - 1 €. Taxis are found at special stands or ordered by phone.
Public transport is efficient, in particular buses and trams. The schedule is strictly observed, all equipment is modern and convenient.
Renting a car will cost from 50 € per day, the driver must be over 21 years old and have driving experience more than a year. To register a lease, you will need international rights and credit card, on which a certain amount is blocked as collateral, usually 300 €. The cheapest car rental companies are easyCar and Sixti.
Safety and rules of conduct
The rate of violent crime in France is relatively low, but theft of personal property is high. Be especially vigilant in places high concentration pickpockets - at the airport, on public transport, in museums, in crowded places near attractions. It is recommended to leave large amounts of cash and valuables in the hotel safe. If you are traveling by car, do not put things on the front seat. It is dangerous to carry bags over your shoulder - they can be snatched by thieves riding high-speed motorcycles.
The sleeping areas are safe at all times, except for some, and are inhabited mainly by people from Africa and Arab countries.
It will be very useful to learn at least a few frequently used words in French before your trip. Most French people are sure that a decent foreigner should be able to communicate in their native dialect. There are often cases when local residents they demonstratively do not understand the English speech addressed to them.
There are always a lot of police on the streets. They will always come to the aid of a traveler suffering from an attack of topographical inferiority.
The country has introduced a strict ban on smoking in public places.
How to get there
There are several flights to Paris every day from Moscow, St. Petersburg and major Russian cities. international Airport Charles de Gaulle is located 25 kilometers from Paris; in 45 minutes and 30 € you can reach the French capital. A more economical way is by train or bus.
Traveling by train will be more expensive and will take two days. In addition, you will have to travel with a transfer in Germany or Belgium.
There are many inexpensive ones, up to 80€, bus routes to France, but such a trip is not very comfortable, in addition, crossing the borders of Belarus, Poland and Germany can take a lot of time.
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The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, world-famous as a symbol of France, named after its designer Gustav Eiffel and a place of pilgrimage for tourists. The designer himself simply called it a 300-meter tower.
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The Pantheon is a building located in the Latin Quarter that was originally built as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, but after numerous changes it became a burial place famous people. This is one of the first buildings of the neoclassical movement with a facade modeled on that of the Pantheon in Rome, topped with a small dome.
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Currently, the Sorbonne is the name given to the historical University of Paris, which is located in central region Ile-de-France is perhaps the most famous university in continental Europe. Today the Sorbonne is a powerful institution, consisting of 13 universities located throughout Paris, with their own specialization and faculties, and at the same time the authority of the Sorbonne as a whole.
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The Louvre in Paris is famous museum capital of France, the most popular museum in the world, and at the same time the third largest. The Louvre is located on the right bank of the Seine River in the 1st municipal district of Paris, where in the building of the Louvre Palace on an area of 60.6 thousand sq.m. About 35 thousand objects created during the period from the 6th millennium BC are exhibited. e. until the 19th century AD e.
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Aquaboulevard is located in the southwest of Paris and covers an area of 7,000 square meters. Construction of the water park began in 1986. It was planned to invest 280 million francs, but in fact, 450 million were spent on construction. Three years later, the complex was built, which became the largest water park in Europe.
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Disneyland Paris is a grand complex of amusement parks. There are two people working at Disneyland theme park attractions. The first is the classic Disneyland Park. The second is Walt Disney Studios Park - the “kitchen” of the film industry.
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The Catacombs of Paris are the famous Parisian underground ossuaries, burial places of skeletons. Organized in a renovated part of the city's extensive network of underground tunnels and artificial caves at the end of the 18th century, they became an attractive tourist destination. Official name catacombs - "Municipal ossuaries". 45-minute excursions are organized here, but you should take care of warm clothes - the temperature in the catacombs is 14 degrees above zero.
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The Champ de Mars is a famous park in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, wedged between Eiffel Tower from the northwest and the Military School from the southwest. Located in the western part of the city on the left bank of the Seine. This park received its name in honor of the ancient Roman Campus Martius.
A message about France for grades 3 and 4 will tell you about the amazing homeland of Napoleon, Little Prince and The Three Musketeers.
Brief message about France
The report about France should begin with the fact that it is located in western Europe. It also includes the island of Corsica, located in the Mediterranean Sea. France is often called the Hexagon due to its hexagonal shape.
France borders Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg in the northeast, Italy and Monaco in the southeast, and Andorra and Spain in the southwest. The country is washed by the Mediterranean and North Seas, the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel and Pas de Calais.
France Square- 551 thousand km 2.
Largest rivers France- Seine, Loire, Rhone, Garonne and Rhine.
Capital of France— Paris
Big cities in France— Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice
Population of France— 66.7 million people (2016)
Form of government- presidential-parliamentary republic
The territory of France is mainly hilly, with extensive hills, lowlands and mid-altitude mountains. The exceptions are two high mountain ranges in the southeast in the form of the Alps and in the southwest in the form of the Pyrenees. Highest point country - Mont Blanc, its height is 4807 m.
The climate is completely dependent on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In the north climatic conditions milder, wetter and maritime, while in the south the climate is warm and Mediterranean. The climate in the mountains is characterized by low temperatures. There is more rainfall here. Snow cover remains at high altitudes.
All over the world they know that French wines are the best in the world. France has also become famous for its fashionable clothing, perfumes and cosmetics. France is rightfully considered the fashion capital of the world.
Today, in all countries, people use planes, carriages and cars (Citroen, Peugeot and Renault) made in France.
Religion of France
Approximately 4/5 of the country's population professes Catholicism. About 12% of the population consider themselves atheists. 3% of the population profess Islam, 2% Protestantism, 1% Judaism.
Sights of France
In France, more than 5 thousand castles have been preserved from ancient times.
Notre Dame, Disneyland, the forest of Fontainebleau, the Sacré-Coeur Basilica, the flea market in Paris Saint-Ouen, the Rouen naval armada, the Eiffel Tower, Versailles Palace, the Louvre, the Pompidou Center, Notre Dame Cathedral are all tourists want to visit.
Famous Frenchmen glorified their country throughout the world - Honore de Balzac, Voltaire, Victor Hugo, Jules Verne, Emile Zola, Albert Camus, Stendhal, Jacques Cousteau, Pablo Picasso and others.
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