Obzh passengers. Rules for safe behavior of passengers in urban transport. Safe behavior in transport

While waiting for the train on the platform:

stand on the right, go on the left;

Rules of conduct on trams, buses and trolleybuses

A number of safety precautions must be remembered and observed:

You cannot stand in the back while the truck is moving;

You cannot move from place to place while the truck is moving;

Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.

You cannot get out of the truck towards the roadway

When going down the metro on an escalator:

You must wait for a bus, trolleybus, or tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or side of the road.

When boarding a tram, if tram rails located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the roadway to approach the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, head to the stopped tram.

While waiting for the train on the platform:

do not go beyond the boundary line;

Boarding the vehicle is done through the front doors, and disembarking is through the doors that have the inscription “Exit” on them.

As a rule, boarding should be done through the rear doors, and alighting through the front doors or through doors marked “Exit”.

To pay for transport fares, tickets with a magnetic stripe and contactless smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used.

After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the roadway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When getting off a tram or bus, if you need to cross the roadway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the roadway along it to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no pedestrian crossing sign, you should wait until the bus leaves and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road.

stand on the right, go on the left;

You cannot run up the steps of the escalator or sit on them.

If something falls on the rails, do not try to get the item yourself, contact the person on duty.

Man created vehicles for ease of movement. Today we cannot even imagine our life in the city without buses, trams, trolleybuses, and metro.

We are used to using vehicles to travel to school, a store, a stadium, or another city or country. For this there is urban, water, air and rail transport. Passenger a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or exits the vehicle (gets off it) is called. This means that we are all passengers and are obliged to know the rules of passenger behavior and measures of safe behavior in transport.

City transport that carries passengers is called public. These are trams, trolleybuses, buses and metro.

All types of public transport travel along certain routes, which you can find out about by number. Public transport stops equipped with special landing areas are indicated by signs.

In order for your trip to be safe, it is important to follow generally accepted rules.

Safe behavior in transport

Rules of conduct in all types of public transport

 Boarding of the vehicle is carried out after it has come to a complete stop and when passengers get out of it. When boarding, you must take into account that the doors open and close automatically, you cannot push, you cannot fuss, and you cannot disturb other people.

 Upon entering the cabin, you need to look around, choose, without disturbing the passengers on the bus, comfortable spot, where you would not disturb anyone and no one would disturb you. You should look at where emergency and emergency exits are located. If there are no free seats in the vehicle, you should try to stand in the aisle without interfering with the movement of passengers, hold onto the handrail or special pendants with your hand. You cannot stand at the front door, much less lean on it, as it may accidentally open.

 It must be remembered that in public transport You cannot make noise, be naughty, talk loudly, behave defiantly, or eat ice cream. You can't lean out of windows.

Rules of conduct on trams, buses and trolleybuses

 You must wait for a bus, trolleybus, or tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or side of the road.

 When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the roadway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, go to the stopped tram.

 Boarding a vehicle equipped with an automated passenger control system (ASCP) is done through the front doors, and disembarking is through doors marked “Exit” (except Vehicle, equipped with ASCP).

 As a general rule, boarding should be done through the rear doors and alighting through the front doors or through doors marked “Exit”.

To pay for travel on vehicles equipped with ASCP, tickets with a magnetic stripe and contactless smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used.

 After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the roadway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When getting off a tram or bus, if you need to cross the roadway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the roadway along it to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no pedestrian crossing sign, you should wait until the bus leaves and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road.

Rules of conduct when traveling by truck

Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.

When traveling by truck It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures:

you cannot stand in the back while the truck is moving;

you cannot move from place to place while the truck is moving;

You must not get out of the truck towards the roadway.

Rules of conduct on the subway

When going down the metro on an escalator:

stand on the right, go on the left;

You cannot run up the steps of the escalator or sit on them.

While waiting for the train on the platform:

do not go beyond the boundary line;

If something falls on the rails, do not try to get the item yourself, contact the person on duty.

Dangerous situations in transport

, it is necessary to immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand that the vehicle stop and open the doors.

When blocking the doors, to evacuate from the vehicle interior, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows (if necessary, you can knock out the windows with your feet). When evacuating, do not panic and follow the driver’s instructions.

In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must try to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a scarf or sleeve of clothing.

If a fire occurs in a subway car, immediately inform the driver about this via the intercom and subsequently follow his commands.

If an open fire appears in the carriage while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using fire extinguishers located under the seats or available means.

Under no circumstances should you try to stop the train in the tunnel using the emergency stop valve; remain seated while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave without the driver's command.

After permission to leave, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver.

1. Who is considered a passenger?

2. What transport do you use most often? Make rules for using this transport.

In your safety diary, write down a summary of the rules of conduct in case of dangerous situations in transport.

1. Imagine that there is a fire on the bus. Describe the procedure for passengers.

2. You go down the escalator to the subway. Suddenly you drop the bag and it slides down the steps. Your actions?

Item	Basics of life safety
Class	5
Lesson topic	Passenger. Passenger safety
The purpose of the lesson	Consider the general responsibilities of a passenger, systematize their importance according to the rules of safe behavior in public transport to ensure personal safety.
	Educational: generalize knowledge about urban transport. Create conditions for studying and reinforcing the rules of behavior for passengers in emergency situations. Educational: development of students’ cognitive interests, ability to work in a group with a textbook, additional material, analyze, draw conclusions; develop creative, communication abilities and imagination of students. Educational:cultivate caution, develop a sense of responsibility for one’s actions and for the safety of others.
UUD	Personal UUD: development of sustainable cognitive motivation and interest in the topic being studied, formation of the ability to self-determination, development of empathy, respect for other opinions. Regulatory UUD: the ability of students to set educational goals and objectives for the lesson; plan your activities under the guidance of a teacher, evaluate the work of classmates, work in accordance with the assigned task, compare the results obtained with the expected ones. Cognitive UUD: independently identify and formulate the cognitive purpose of the lesson, define concepts; structure knowledge; consciously and voluntarily construct a speech statement in oral and written form; analyze and select information, process information to obtain the desired result. Communicative UUD: cooperation with the teacher and classmates in searching and collecting information, the ability to express one’s thoughts.
Planned results	Subject: know the general responsibilities of a passenger when using public transport. Personal safety rules when using trams, trolleybuses and metro. Ensuring personal safety in the event of a dangerous situation in public transport. Personal: the ability to express one’s attitude to what is happening and give one’s assessment. Metasubject: the ability to independently determine learning goals and set tasks; ability to conduct independent search, analysis, selection of information; develop the motives and interests of your cognitive activity; the ability to evaluate the correctness of completing a learning task.
Basic Concepts	Passenger; types of public transport.
Interdisciplinary connections	History, geography
Lesson Resources	Textbook, workbook, multimedia equipment.
Lesson forms	Frontal, group.
Technologies	Problem-based reading technology, ICT, collaborative learning.

Lesson stage	Contents and activities of the teacher	Student activities	UUD (universal learning activities)
I . Organizational	greeting checking students' attendance checking students' readiness for the lesson I wish you a good mood and interesting work in the lesson	-the teachers greet, -visually check their readiness for the lesson, and take their seats at their workstations.	Personal: self-organization. Regulatory: the ability to regulate one’s actions, predict activities in the lesson
II . Repetition of covered material.	Activating students using trap questions. Guys, I suggest you remember the material you have covered. What is a road?(this is a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure that is equipped or adapted and used for vehicles.) Why do you need road markings?(to ensure safety on streets and roads, control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians.) What are the names of the signs that inform the driver that he is approaching a dangerous section of the road?(warning signs) Well done, you know the material well	- answer questions, - reason, - give examples	Personal: the ability to express your thoughts, give examples, and draw conclusions. reasoning ability Communicative: interact with the teacher as a group. Cognitive: Ability to analyze, identify and formulate a problem; the ability to consciously construct a speech utterance.
III . Motivation for learning activities	Now I ask you to turn your attention to the screen (Slides 1) Tell me guys what you see on the screen? How do you assess this situation? Let's try to formulate the topic of the lesson?"Passenger. Passenger safety" For what purpose will we study the topic of the lesson? Consider the general responsibilities of a passenger and the rules of safe behavior in public transport. To achieve our goal we will need to solve a number of problems. To achieve the goal of the lesson, what will help us?(textbook, notebook, projector, reference material)	— answer questions; - choose optimal solutions; - record the topic of the lesson in a notebook; - observe and record observed processes (written and oral)	Personal: constructing logical reasoning Communication : expressing your thoughts, giving reasons for your opinions Regulatory : planning sequential actions
IV . Presentation of new material	Man created vehicles for ease of movement. Today we cannot even imagine our life. We are used to using transport to travel to school, a store, a stadium, or another city or country. For this there are different types transport. What types of transport do you know? Transport city water air railway Now I suggest you unite in groups of 2 people, and using the textbook material p. 39 What kind of transport is called public City transport that carries passengers is called public (tram, trolleybus, bus and metro) Who do you think the passenger is? Let's formulate the definition of a passenger. This is the person who is in the vehicle, as well as entering or exiting it.	During independent work with the textbook, students highlight the necessary information, write down the definition	Ability to express one’s opinion and listen to the opinions of others Carrying out educational activities in accordance with the task (P). Ability to express one’s opinion, listen to the opinions of others (K)
V .Physical education minute	Video	Perform physical education
VI .Practical work	I now suggest you unite in small groups of 2 people and consider the rules of conduct in public transport: Tell me guys, have any of you taken the subway?Are there any rules of conduct on the subway?(Yes) Which ones, can you name them? Guys, we can also encounter dangerous situations in public transport. Let's read them in our textbook page 43 and find out what they can be.	— formation of safe work; - implementation of practical work using instruction cards.	Personal: mastering the norms and rules of labor organization; Development of hard work and responsibility for the quality of one’s activities Regulatory: the ability to apply acquired knowledge in practice, monitor the results, identify mistakes made in the labor process and justify ways to correct them Cognitive: ability to navigate concepts. Communication interact with the teacher as a group.
VII .Secure the material	I gave you worksheets with a task where you need to choose the correct answer. If you agree with the statement, then put the number (1), if not (0). I will ask you to sign the names and answer them. City public transport follows a specific route and carries passengers. (1) On a special public transport stop sign you can find out which stop will be next (0) While the bus is moving, try to hold on to the handrails (1) If the doors are locked, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors to open(0) In the event of a fire on the bus, you need to open all the windows and ventilate the interior of the bus (0)	- reason, answer questions,	Reasoning (L). Formulation of answers (R).
VIII . Reflection	Guys, now let's take a look at our scale and determine how much	They evaluate their activities in the lesson and the achieved learning results.	Regulatory: assessment of achieved results
IX .Homework	Make your own rules for using the transport you use most often.To complete your homework, you can use a textbook or an Internet source.	Students listen and record homework in the diaries.	Personal :development and deepening of the needs and motives of educational and cognitive activity

Rules of conduct on trams, buses and trolleybuses

Trucks used for transporting people are specially equipped with an awning, stairs for boarding and disembarking, and seats in the back. If children are transported, the truck must have a box body and the identification sign “Transportation of Children.” An adult must be with children. It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures: You cannot stand in the back while the truck is moving; You cannot move from place to place while the truck is moving; Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks. You cannot get out of the truck towards the roadway When going down to the metro on an escalator: You must wait for a bus, trolleybus, or tram only at the landing area, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or side of the road. When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the roadway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, head towards the stopped tram. While waiting for a train on the platform: do not go beyond the boundary line; Boarding a vehicle is done through the front doors, and disembarking is through the doors that have the inscription “Exit”. As a rule, boarding should be done through the rear doors, and disembarkation must be done through the front doors or through the doors that have the inscription “Exit”. To pay for transport fares, tickets with a magnetic stripe and contactless smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used. After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the roadway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When getting off a tram or bus, if you need to cross the roadway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the roadway along it to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no pedestrian crossing sign, you should wait until the bus leaves and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road. stand on the right, go on the left; You cannot run up the steps of the escalator or sit on them. If something falls on the rails, do not try to get the item yourself, contact the person on duty.

Lesson Objectives

Consider the general responsibilities of a passenger, the rules of safe behavior in public transport to ensure personal safety

Remember the types of public transport.
Learn the basic rules for passenger safety.
To develop knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.

Types of transport

railway

air

urban

WHAT IS PUBLIC TRANSPORT

public transport.

If there are many people traveling in a car, then such a car is called public transport.

Regular bus

Minibus taxi

Trolleybus

THE STOP IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE ROAD

You need to wait for a bus, trolleybus or tram only at stops - places marked with signs such as in the pictures. And where they are not - on the sidewalk. In rural areas, if there is no equipped stop, the bus is waiting on the side of the road.

REMEMBER!

At a bus stop you should never stand at the edge of the sidewalk. You may be accidentally pushed and end up under the wheels.

Passenger - face, those in the vehicle, as well as those entering and exiting it.

Row Rules of behavior on the bus
A series of Rules of conduct on trams and trolleybuses
A series of rules of conduct when traveling by truck

Dangerous situations

in transport

If you notice a fire in a bus, tram, trolleybus

it is necessary to immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand that the vehicle stop and open the doors.
When blocking the doors, to evacuate from the vehicle interior, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows (if necessary, you can knock out the windows with your feet).
When evacuating, do not panic and follow the driver’s instructions.
In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must try to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a scarf or sleeve of clothing.

In trolleybuses and trams, metal parts may be live, so it is better not to touch them when leaving the cabin.

In this case, you need to jump and land on both feet at the same time to leave the tram or trolleybus.

If a fire occurs

in a subway car

Immediately inform the driver about this via the intercom and subsequently follow his commands.
If an open fire appears in the carriage while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using fire extinguishers located under the seats or available means.
Do not under any circumstances try to stop the train in the tunnel using the emergency stop valve; remain seated while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave without the driver's command.
After permission to leave, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver.

City public transport follows a specific route and carries passengers.
On a special public transport stop sign you can find out which stop will be next
While the bus is moving, try to hold on to the handrails
If the doors are locked, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors to open
In the event of a fire on the bus, all windows must be opened and the interior of the bus must be ventilated.

Remember the types of public transport.
Learn the basic rules for passenger safety.
To develop knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.

Make your own rules for using the transport you use most often.

And the maximum speed of many cars exceeds 300 km/h, the effectiveness of using these means is gradually decreasing, and in some cases, airbags and belts can be simply dangerous for motorists.

As a result, the basic passive safety features that all drivers rely on in the event of an accident are essentially inventions of the last century. Naturally, all automakers are working on the passive safety of cars. However, security system suppliers are forced to save on both testing time and the cost of development and materials, since only this can lead to cost savings. Therefore, we have to forget about the high degree of safety that belts and airbags could provide.

Yes, airbags do a great job of protecting drivers' heads and torsos, but they put their legs and arms at risk. According to a study by Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center in New Hampshire based on U.S. traffic injury data from 1988 to 2004, airbags and seat belts do not protect a driver's arms from fractures at all; in fact, they increase the risk of leg injuries by 35 percent. .

Airbags pose a serious danger to the eyes of the driver and passengers. A study by Spanish doctor Carlos Ruiz Lapuente showed that as a result of airbag deployment, even at low speeds, 35% of drivers and passengers suffer from a fairly strong impact, which often falls on the face, especially if we're talking about about people under 175 centimeters tall. The impact of the pillow is close to the force of a sharp blow to the face with a fist. If you wear glasses, the consequences can be even more dire.

In addition, sodium acid, which causes the airbag to instantly inflate, can get into the eyes of drivers and passengers, subsequently leading to retinal detachment, corneal damage and other consequences. According to the Spanish Society of the Blind ONCE, road traffic accidents are now one of the most common causes of blindness.

Of course, all this can be avoided, but new, more advanced models are starting to be installed only on expensive models. Only recently have manufacturers begun to install knee airbags on their models; on the Mercedes E-Class, for example, they will appear only this year.

Toyota came up with optimal impact protection. Unlike regular pillows, which consist of one section, new version there are two of them. As they inflate, they create a depression in the middle and distribute the pressure of the deployed airbag to other parts of the head, shoulders and upper torso. The new airbags are designed based on the Omni-Support concept and provide a much lower chance of injury to the front seat occupant without compromising first-impact protection. However, for now they will be installed only on some Lexus models.

The time when the belt, and then the airbag, were the only means designed to mitigate the consequences of a collision, remains in the last century. The new driver safety system, developed by the German subsidiary of Delphi Corporation in Wuppertal, is based on mechanical technology and should reduce the likelihood of limb injuries in a collision by a quarter. The system provides better protection for the driver's legs in a frontal impact. The protective module consists of a steering column, a knee bolster and a qualitatively new pedal system. During a collision, the module moves away from the driver, giving the air bag more time to open. The air cushion and knee bolster under the steering column redistribute the shock to the dashboard. The pedals change direction in a collision, moving upward, reducing the risk of foot injury. The new system should, according to the company, enter the market by 2010.

Of course, no one will dispute the positive potential of all integrated systems. However, car companies will continue to save on introducing new safety systems. Therefore, many motorists will continue to be helped out by airbags and seat belts, with which they are still safer than without them. After all, as you know, it is better to be not quite alive than completely dead.

Organization and implementation active rest V natural conditions often associated with the need to use various modes of transport (land, air and water). The number of vehicles in the world is constantly increasing, the speed of their movement is increasing, their reliability and comfort are increasing, engines and fuels are improving, helping to reduce the environment.
At the same time, it is impossible to completely ensure the safety of the movement of passengers on any type of transport. Accidents and disasters in transport have occurred and are occurring. As a result, many drivers and tourists are killed and injured every year.

Safety in all types of transport is ensured by a person and depends on his level of training and responsibility when using the vehicle. The safety of tourists is ensured by specialists who participate in the preparation of vehicles, their management, and monitor compliance with traffic rules. There are special services responsible for the safety of land, air and water vehicles.

Each tourist (passenger), for his part, can also increase the level of personal safety. He must potentially be prepared for an emergency and, if necessary, use his capabilities to the maximum to preserve life and health. In addition, the passenger is required to comply with a number of safety rules when traveling by certain types of transport.

In modern conditions, experts in the field of life safety have developed various recommendations for the safe behavior of a passenger on the road and his actions in various emergency situations. Let's look at some situations that may arise when traveling by car and on a train.

Tourist safety in a car

Imagine that you are driving with your parents in a private car out of town. Before driving, it is imperative to fasten your seat belts, and putting a seat belt on just for show (without the necessary tension) in the event of an accident will cause additional injuries.

1) you should strongly strain your entire body (muscles);
2) you should pull your head into your shoulders;
3) you should raise your arms up, clasp your head with your hands, protecting from blows;
4) you should not relax until the car comes to a complete stop;
5) you should not jump out of the car when it collides or rolls over.

If the car overturns, you should fall into the seat next to you (if you are not wearing seat belts), grab the seat tightly and bury your face in it.
When a car catches fire (as a rule, the fire starts under the hood), it is necessary to remember that a person can remain in a car on fire for no more than a minute, since the entire car burns out within a few minutes. To ensure personal safety, you must cover your mouth and nose with a cloth (scarf, handkerchief, shirt) and quickly leave the cabin after stopping the car.

Tourist safety on the train

When boarding a train, you must comply with the following rules:

1) you should not run along the platform next to the carriage of an arriving train;
2) stand closer than 2 m from the edge of the platform while the train is passing;
3) you should approach the car after the train has completely stopped;
4) board the car only from the side of the platform or boarding platform;
5) upon entering the carriage, assist passengers in placing their belongings in the compartment;
6) remove from your luggage everything you will need on the road before putting it on shelves and in special compartments;
7) place heavy things below so that when the train pushes they do not fall off the shelf.

When moving a train, the following personal safety rules must be observed:

1) you should not lean out of the window while the train is moving;
2) open the outer doors of the train;
3) stand on the step;
4) touch the stop valve unnecessarily;
5) move far from the train when leaving the car at stops;
6) you should think over your actions if the seat is on the top shelf, so as not to fall from it in the event of sudden braking of the train;
7) for drinking, use water only from titanium (a large water boiler) located next to the conductor’s compartment, or sold in plastic bottles.

In the event of a fire, you must immediately notify the conductor. If it is impossible to put out the fire and contact the train manager or driver, you must stop the train using the stop valve and try to exit the car through the doors or windows. It is strictly prohibited:

1) jump out of a moving train;
2) try to get onto the roof of the train.

If the burning train continues to move, and the fire has broken out in the front cars, then you should go to the train cars where there is no fire, tightly closing the doors behind you (it is advisable to move crouched down and breathe through a wet cloth).
Sometimes on railway transport accidents happen. In this case, during the push (impact), you should try to grab hold of the stationary parts of the car with your hands or group yourself and cover your head with your hands to avoid injury.
When the car overturns in the event of an accident, you should grab hold of the shelf ledges and other stationary parts of the car, close your eyes and rest your feet against the wall. After the car has gained stability, you need to look around and outline a way out of it; if the door is jammed, you should get out through the windows.

Ensuring the personal safety of tourists on water transport

Every day in our country, river and sea vessels transport more than a million people. Modern ships are equipped with satellite navigation and radio communications. All ships on the voyage are monitored and maintained in constant radio contact.

All passenger ships In case of an accident, they have life-saving equipment: inflatable rafts, lifeboats, life jackets and suits. There are places on the life-saving craft (boat and raft) for all passengers and crew members.

In addition, there are international maritime distress signals, which are issued by ships in distress to attract attention and help. Having received such a signal, the captain of any ship that happens to be nearby is obliged to take all measures to provide assistance to those who are in danger.

At the same time, despite all safety measures, several dozen ships are still lost every year. The main reasons for the death of ships are their collision at sea, fire on the ship, and storms.

Safety regulations. Practice shows that trouble can be avoided if you follow certain safety rules. Experts recommend that every person who climbs onto the deck of a ship know and strictly follow a number of generally accepted rules. Each passenger must know where he should be and what to do in case of evacuation and in which specific boat his place is determined.

In an emergency, you should not panic. Each ship has its own evacuation procedure that must be followed. Each passenger must be able to use a life jacket, for which it is necessary to study the instructions for its use.

You also need to know what to do in the event of a fire alarm. Therefore, it is especially important to remember the path along which you will have to get to the boat deck.

Passengers should avoid walking on the open deck if it is wet or when the sea is rough. It is also important to know the location of the ship's first aid station.

You should also remember about the possible occurrence of another nuisance - seasickness. It occurs during motion sickness and is accompanied by headache, cold sweat, nausea and vomiting. To prevent this disease it is recommended:

Do something to distract yourself;
- stay in the fresh air, avoid the sun;
- drink very little and do not take a large number of food every hour, despite lack of appetite.

Actions of a tourist during a shipwreck. One of the most important rules that a person needs to remember during a shipwreck is not to panic and quickly follow all the instructions of the captain and crew of the ship.

You should take your documents with you, having previously wrapped them in a plastic bag, and put on a life jacket without taking off your clothes and shoes. It is necessary to quickly, but without haste, climb to the upper deck and, at the command of the crew, when the turn comes, get into the life-saving craft (into the boat, onto the raft).

If it is not possible to get into a boat (on a raft), you must jump into the water with your legs bent down (the life jacket is already on), covering your nose and mouth with one hand, and clasping your belt with the other so that the life jacket does not come off. Once in the water, you need to swim away from the side of the ship as quickly as possible. If necessary, you should take part in joint efforts to rescue and provide assistance to those who need it.

When you see a boat with empty seats, you should swim up to it and, with the help of rescuers, climb onto it. If there is no room in the boat, you need to ask for help to throw a rope (halyard, rope), you need to tie the rope under your arms and swim behind the boat.

While in a boat (on a raft) with strong solar radiation, it is necessary to protect your head and exposed areas of the body to avoid sunstroke and burns. During emergency navigation (on an auxiliary vessel), you should rationally use the supply of water and provisions and believe in salvation.

Ensuring the personal safety of tourists in air transport

Air transport is the most modern, relatively safe and comfortable form of transport.
It is known that airplanes have high flight speed and can deliver passengers, including tourists, to a given point on the planet in a matter of hours.
At the beginning of the 21st century. There were even the first space tourists who traveled around the Earth on a commercial basis.
Comfortable flight conditions and quick arrival at your vacation spot make air transport increasingly attractive for long-distance travel.
On the ground, dozens of highly qualified aviation specialists are responsible for flight safety. These include engineers and mechanics who prepare the aircraft for takeoff, air traffic control specialists who provide control of the aircraft on the ground and in the air, weather service specialists who prepare weather forecasts at take-off and landing airfields and along the aircraft’s flight route, as well as specialists who maintain continuous , reliable communication with the aircraft crew.
Airliners carrying passengers are controlled by aviation specialists (pilots, navigators, flight engineers, radio operators), who are able to bring the aircraft to any destination in difficult weather conditions, at any time of the year, day or night.

Each aircraft is equipped with special means to ensure the safety of passengers during flight and in the event of a dangerous situation.
To ensure personal safety, passengers must follow a number of rules. Let's look at the most important of them.
Preparing passengers (tourists) for aircraft takeoff. Travelers' hand luggage must be placed under the seat in front of them. It is prohibited to place hand luggage near emergency exits and in aisles.
The shelf above the passenger's head is intended for outer clothing and personal items.
Having taken your seat in the cabin, you must make sure that the folding table in front of the passenger is closed, and the back of the seat must be in a vertical position. Next, you should open the curtains on the windows, fasten and tighten the seat belts tightly.
Passengers must carefully listen to the flight attendant's information about the rules of conduct, safety equipment on board the aircraft and emergency equipment: emergency exits, their location and designation.
Experts recommend remembering the rules for using an oxygen mask (an oxygen mask is provided for each passenger on board the aircraft). The flight attendant will explain how to use an oxygen mask in the event of depressurization of the plane in the air. She will show how to use a life jacket in the event of an emergency landing on water. The passenger must also remember where the life jacket is located (in the panel above the seat or under the seat of the seat on which he is sitting, depending on the type of aircraft).
In airplane. If the aircraft cabin depressurizes in the air, you must immediately put on an oxygen mask, fasten your seat belts and prepare for an emergency descent. To activate the mask, you must pull it sharply before putting it on.

In case of an accident on takeoff, you must take a safe, fixed position:

1) bend and clasp your hands tightly under your knees;
2) tilt your head towards your knees as low as possible;
3) rest your feet on the floor, having first stretched them out;
4) at the moment of impact, group and tense your body;
5) you should not leave your seat until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.

In case of a fire on an airplane. Modern aircraft equipped with reliable fire extinguishing equipment. In the event of a fire, the crew, according to instructions, will take all measures to extinguish the fire and land the aircraft at the nearest airfield.

In the event of a fire, passengers must follow the crew's commands. After the plane lands, you need to leave it as quickly as possible, protect yourself from heat and smoke with clothes, bend down to the exit, breathe only by covering your mouth and nose with a cloth (scarf, sleeve). Hand luggage Experts recommend not to take it with you.

At emergency landing airplane. If the aircraft crew decides to make an emergency landing, passengers are notified of this in a timely manner. During an emergency landing, you must follow the instructions of the commander and crew of the aircraft.

If passengers have the opportunity, they should wear outerwear that will protect against injury. Experts advise passengers to brace themselves and tense their bodies and try to stay in place during the sudden braking of the plane after it lands. You should not get up from your seat until the aircraft has come to a complete stop and the crew has given the appropriate command. After stopping the aircraft, you should leave it using emergency exit and move away from it to a safe distance (at least 100 m). If an aircraft makes an emergency landing on water, it is necessary to put on a life jacket and inflate it immediately before leaving the aircraft.

Experience shows that the most dangerous factor in an emergency is panic. In most cases, panic occurs when tourists (passengers) are not prepared for an emergency situation and do not know how to mobilize themselves for calm, reasonable actions in the current situation. Therefore, once on the plane, you should think about what to do in various dangerous situations. This will allow a person, if an emergency actually occurs, to act more calmly and confidently in order to save his life and other victims.

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In megacities it is extremely difficult to live without public transport. It is designed to transport people along predetermined routes with stops at specific locations. To such transport in major cities include: tram, bus, trolleybus, taxi, metro, trains and electric trains.

Ensuring safety in public transport, as a rule, falls on the passenger himself. To do this, you should know how to behave correctly when traveling in a particular type of transport and what to do if an extreme situation occurs (fire, hijacking, explosion or accident).

Ground urban transport

While waiting at a public transport stop, do not get too close to the roadway. Take your time. Don't run ahead and try to jump on the bus while it's moving. It’s better to wait for the next one than to end up in the emergency room with a fracture. You should also go out carefully, slowly and without pushing anyone. A person may slip on the running board and fall under the wheels or suffer a leg injury.

In the salon, be vigilant and watch your belongings. The bag should not be behind you or below you. Hang it on your shoulder and press it in front, clasping it with your hand. Be sure to use handrails. If you find an ownerless item, notify the conductor or driver.

No matter how much you would like to, you cannot sleep in transport. During a sudden stop or collision, you will not be able to react properly. If a dangerous situation arises, listen to the driver's instructions.

While driving, talking to the driver or asking him questions is prohibited. Do not enter a bus or trolleybus with food and or alcoholic drinks. In case of capture, according to the safety rules in public transport, you must comply with all the demands of the criminals, do not argue or contradict them.

At the beginning of the release operation, you should stay away from glass objects and windows. Lie on the floor, cover your head with your hands, and try not to move. Wait for the end of the assault. It would be a big mistake to take weapons abandoned by criminals. In this case, the capture group will easily mistake you for one of them.

Underground transport (metro)

The metro is one of the most convenient means of transportation in densely populated cities. However, dangers can lurk there too.

Before the train arrives, stay away from the edge of the platform. Approach the doors when the carriage has finally stopped.
If there is a crowd, use other metro lines to ensure your own safety.
If a person falls on the rails, do not rush to his aid. The correct thing to do would be to send several passengers to a metro employee to report the situation, and one person should stand at the edge of the platform and use a bright object to signal the driver to brake.

If the fallen person cannot quickly get out on his own, but is able to move, he should be informed that the most safe option will lie straight, face down, between the rails. You should remain motionless until the train departs.
While on the escalator, do not be distracted, do not try to run along it or jump over the steps. You should hold on to the handrail tightly.

If an explosion or accident occurs in the tunnel, listen to the driver’s recommendations. Before leaving the car, you need to wait until the tension is removed from the contact rail. If there is smoke, cover your breathing organs with a handkerchief, napkin or scarf. Beware of the metal parts of the carriage; it is better not to touch them. The driver must indicate the direction in which to move to exit the tunnel. If there is no danger to life, then it is better to wait for help from rescuers.

Railway transport

When ensuring safety in public transport such as a train, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

It is better to buy seats in cars located in the center of the train rather than in the “head” or “tail”. This is explained by the fact that the central part of the train will be least likely to be damaged in a collision.
Give preference to places that are located opposite to the movement of the train.
Find out in advance where emergency exits are located. Usually there are 2 of them per car.
If your fellow travelers look suspicious or do not inspire confidence in you, it is better not to turn off the light in the compartment and try not to fall asleep.
When traveling in a coupe, never leave the door half open. This will give other passengers unnecessary information.
Keep all important documents and valuables close to you at all times. When you go to bed, place them under your pillow.
Do not drink alcohol in the company of unfamiliar people. This dulls vigilance.

It is prohibited while the vehicle is moving to try to open the doors of the carriage, stand on the steps or lean out of open windows.
The stop valve should only be used in very serious situations. If this occurs, it is not recommended to stop the train in places where it will be difficult to evacuate people (tunnel, bridge).
Your luggage should not contain flammable items, toxic or chemical substances.
If you smell burning or strange smoke, you should immediately inform the conductor about it.

When braking sharply, firmly grasp the handrails and rest your feet on the seat or wall to stabilize your body. It is better to lie down on the floor of the cabin. After waiting out one blow, you should not change position; subsequent blows, stronger ones, are possible. Only when it becomes clear that the train has finally stopped can you get up.

It is necessary to immediately leave the train cabin, because there is a high risk of fire. If you decide to leave the car through the emergency window, then do it on the left side, i.e. where there are no railway tracks.

Fire safety rules

A fire in public transport is dangerous because a large number of people are in a closed, small room. In addition, when parts of vehicles burn, rather toxic substances are released that pose a danger to humans.

If you feel smoke and a corresponding smell in the cabin, notify the driver and request a stop to clarify the circumstances. In vehicles that operate using electricity, in the event of an accident, the protective insulation may be damaged and metal elements may become energized.

Roof hatches or side windows are used for evacuation. In the event of an explosion or heavy smoke, be sure to cover your nose and mouth with clothing. There is minimal smoke accumulation at the bottom, so you should lie on the floor to avoid poisoning.

When you are able to get out of the vehicle, immediately go to a safe distance. There is a possibility of an explosion of fuel tanks or a short circuit in the electrical network.

In the event of a fire on railway transport, you need to act a little differently. The windows should be closed so that the wind entering the car does not further spray the flames. Try to escape through the neighboring cars. At the same time, close the doors tightly behind you. Protect your respiratory system and eyes.

Once you are relatively safe, get involved in rescue efforts. Help others as much as you can.

If you witness a railway accident, call 112.

General safety rules on the train:
From a safety point of view, the most best places in the train - central cars, compartments with an emergency exit window or located closer to the exit of the car, lower shelves. Once you are in the carriage, find out where the emergency exits and fire extinguishers are located.
Observe the following rules:

. choose seat place against the movement of the train, because if hooligans throw a stone at the window, you have a much greater chance that it will not hit you;
. when the train is moving, do not open the outer doors, do not stand on the steps or lean out of the windows;
. carefully stow luggage in overhead bins;

. do not remove the stop valve unless absolutely necessary;
. remember that even in the event of a fire, you cannot stop the train on a bridge, in a tunnel or in other places where evacuation would be difficult;
. smoke only in designated areas;
. do not carry flammable, chemical or explosive substances with you;
. do not connect household appliances to the car’s electrical network;
. If you smell burning rubber or see smoke, contact a conductor immediately;
. Sit down (especially at night) in those compartments where there is already someone;
. do not fall asleep if your fellow travelers distrust you;
. remember your fellow travelers: names, signs, final stations;
. do not get drunk or accept treats from fellow travelers;
. keep the lights on in your compartment, even if it interferes with your rest;
. do not leave the doors ajar, as this allows you to see from the corridor what is happening in the compartment;
. when you go to reserved seat carriage, keep your documents or wallet in a safe place, your briefcase close to the wall;
. take the most valuable things (money, keys, documents) with you even to the toilet - in a wallet, belt bag or shoulder bag;
. At intermediate stations when passengers get off, thieves can easily take advantage of the general commotion by quickly running through the carriage, so keep your bag, jacket and personal belongings close to you, and do not leave them on the next seat.

How to act in case of a railway accident.
In case of a crash or emergency braking, brace yourself so as not to fall. To do this, grab the handrails and press your feet against the wall or seat. The safest thing to do is to sit on the floor of the carriage. After the first blow, do not relax and keep all your muscles tense until it becomes completely clear that there will be no more movement.

Immediately after the accident, quickly get out of the car through the door or windows - emergency exits (depending on the situation), as there is a high probability of fire. If necessary, break the compartment window only with heavy available objects. When leaving the carriage through the emergency exit, go only to the field side (where there are no railway tracks) of the railway track, taking with you documents, money, clothes or blankets. If there is a fire in a carriage, close the windows to prevent the wind from fanning the flames, and move away from the fire to the front carriages. If this is not possible, go to the end of the train, tightly closing all the doors behind you. Before going out into the corridor, prepare breathing protection: hats, scarves, pieces of fabric moistened with water. Remember that in the event of a fire, the material with which the walls of the carriages are lined - malminite - releases toxic gas that is dangerous to life.

Once outside, immediately get involved in rescue efforts: if necessary, help passengers in other compartments break windows, pull out victims, etc.

If fuel spills during an accident, move away from the train to a safe distance, because fire and explosion are possible.

If a current-carrying wire is broken and touches the ground, move away from it by jumping or taking short steps to protect yourself from step voltage. The distance over which the electric current spreads along the ground can be from two (dry ground) to 30 m (wet).

Safety rules when staying at railway transport facilities.
Walking on tracks in undesignated places is the most common violation in railway transport. But it is known that the unexpected appearance of a person on the tracks or under a standing train can lead to an accident and traffic disruption. The drivers of the Moscow Railway have extensive experience and are carefully instructed in case of emergency situations, but even their professionalism and automatic reaction will not be able to force a multi-ton train to stop in a split second.

The braking distance of the train varies from 33 to 1000 m, instantaneous stopping is impossible. Therefore, it is recommended to cross the tracks only in specially designated places, always at right angles to the direction of the tracks, without stepping on the rail head, so as not to slip and fall. A turnout is a prohibited place for crossing; it is impossible for an uninformed person to predict the mode of operation of the turnout. When crossing tracks, in no case should you move onto the railway track immediately after the train has passed: it is important to make sure that there is no oncoming train, which requires waiting until the tail car of the train moves out of sight.
A person caught between moving trains is doubly at risk: the force of the air flow created by the trains reaches 16 tons. It seems that no sane person would want to fall into such a vice.
Stationary carriages are stationary only at first glance. You cannot approach them closer than 5 meters - any carriage at the station is in operation, so it can start moving at any minute. It is strictly forbidden to be under standing or, especially, moving rolling stock. The railway workers themselves never do this.
According to statistics, incidents of people walking parallel to the railway tracks are not uncommon. If a person cannot avoid following the rail bed, then it is unacceptable to follow the track in the same direction: being distracted only by the oncoming train, the person may not hear the signals of the passing one catching up from behind.
There are certain rules of behavior on the station territory, the violation of which is extremely dangerous:
It is not allowed to step beyond the limit line on the platform until boarding a stationary carriage, and jumping from the platform or climbing onto it from the tracks is very risky.

When boarding an electric train, the passenger must be aware that forced opening of the entrance doors, passage through the doors at the moments of their automatic opening or closing are unacceptable, because the compression pressure of the doors is equivalent to 8 atmospheres, and falling from a train moving at high speed is “incompatible with life.” It is equally dangerous and just as unacceptable to lean out of the carriage windows.

A special discussion concerns the contact network. The voltage in the wires is extremely high: from 3.5 to 27500 volts (for comparison: at home the electrical wiring is 220 volts). Severe burns from the contact wire can occur at a distance of less than 2 meters.