Structure of regulatory documents on the organization of airport activities. Formation of the airport structure Summary load sheet

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List of questions for the semester exam

in the academic discipline "Production Organization"

1. Main structural divisionsairport

The structure of the airport is formed depending on its equipment, functions and the volume of planned work. Depending on this, the airport’s structural divisions can be created:

Production and dispatch service;

Airfield control tower;

Air Traffic Control Service;

Fuel and lubricants service;

Aerodrome Service;

SOP (SOPGP SOPP);

Radio technical support service for flights and airport activities;

Electrical and lighting support service for flights and airport activities (ESTOP);

Department of operation of ground facilities (water, light, heat, etc.);

Other services and departments to support airport operations.

Each service is staffed by certified specialists to perform specific tasks and functions.

2. Infrastructurera airport. Main functions

Infrastructure(from Latin. Infra - below, under and structura - structure, location) is a material system with the help of which goods and services reach the consumer. In relation to air transportation services, infrastructure means a system of airports, air terminals, equipped air routes, airline agencies and offices, cargo warehouses, cargo stations and aprons, as well as the corresponding network of intermediaries and functional offices. A distinction must be made between the airline's own infrastructure and the infrastructure of the air transport system. The airline's infrastructure includes only its own network of sales points, offices, agencies, etc. Only largest airlines countries have their own air terminals and cargo complexes at many airports around the world. Most airlines lease parts of premises and facilities at airports, and not a single airline has its own air routes.

Any airport cannot be considered autonomously, outside the general air transport network, since each airport must have an adequate partner at the other end of the air line with the appropriate technical equipment and capabilities.

The airport is a place where different activities and interests of different partners intersect. This is where partners combine their activities to implement air transport.

Partners in airport activities are those who provide services, as well as users of airport services, which include, first of all, airlines.

The privatization processes taking place in the world contribute to the formation of various aviation enterprises with different forms of ownership in the civil aviation sectors, and airports are no exception.

Currently, the infrastructure of Russian airports is very diverse:

* joint stock companies;

* unitary state enterprises (USE);

* federal treasury enterprise;

Today, airports operate in various organizational forms and statuses (federal, regional and local).

Airport functions can be classified in various ways and distributed between structural units, services, (departments) of the airport in various combinations.

IN major airports functions are more specific and distributed among relevant, sometimes numerous departments and services.

Some airport functions (especially ground handling) are performed by airlines, concessionaires (specialized commercial enterprises with the rights to carry out their activities at the airport transferred to them) or individual government organizations.

The relevant airport services (departments) usually cover most or all of the following areas of airport activity:

· apron and aircraft parking areas;

· passenger terminal facilities and services;

· hangars and aircraft maintenance areas;

· ATC support facilities and services;

· air navigation support facilities and services;

· means and service of lighting support for flights and airport activities;

· meteorological support for flights and airport activities;

· aircraft maintenance facilities and services;

· means and service for providing flights and airport activities with fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants);

· cargo and mail processing facilities and areas;

AB support facilities and service

· other facilities, services and areas.

· working areas (runways, taxiways, lighting equipment);

3. Main tasks and functions of the PDSP

Enterprise production dispatch service (PDSP)

Main area of work:

· implementation of operational management and coordination of the activities of all departments, services, groups in order to ensure the implementation of the daily production flight plan, the regularity and punctuality of flights;

· interaction with related services of the base airport and operating airports.

Main tasks and functions of the PDSP:

· carrying out approvals for overflights planned for flights;

· formation of a daily plan, its coordination with all interested services;

· timely provision of flights at all stages of preparation with subsequent monitoring of their progress, coordination of the work of services during servicing at the base port;

· obtaining information on aircraft departures and landings, coordinating the use of alternate airfields;

· interaction with airport services when landing aircraft at alternate aerodromes on issues related to ensuring flights to the landing aerodrome;

· preparation of the main accompanying documentation for the voyage (SZV, TG);

· development and coordination with all departments of the base port of technological maintenance schedules aircraft;

· investigation, analysis and classification of the causes of flight delays, identification of services and specific persons responsible for the delay;

· preparation of documents for the application of penalties to the relevant services responsible for the flight delay.

4. Concept ofair traffic control

DISPATCHER is an official who carries out operational control and management of production units for the implementation of technological operations related to ensuring the daily plan and regularity of flights.

Work practice civil aviation shows that interaction problems are most successfully solved by introducing a dispatch control and monitoring system, that is, dispatching. In dispatching, each group is responsible for completing a particular operation, and the dispatcher has the authority to demand that operations be completed within the scheduled time frame.

The introduction of dispatching allows you to:

Improve the organization and management of air transport at the airport;

Quickly eliminate malfunctions, failures and delays that arise during work;

Monitor the progress of the technological process;

Implement computer systems with the installation of terminals at the dispatchers’ workplace.

Dispatching involves organizing clear interaction between airport services (airlines) in the process of preparing an aircraft for departure on the following issues:

Aircraft maintenance;

Aircraft refueling;

For additional types of services (cleaning of interiors, refilling with special liquids and water, heating and cooling of interiors);

Preparation of flight documentation (flight plan, navigation calculation, weather report);

Passenger service and aircraft loading (baggage, mail, cargo);

On the preparation of accompanying documents (luggage list, registration sheet, alignment schedule, postal cargo list, summary loading sheet);

On the operation of radio equipment and airport communications;

To provide electrical lighting support for flights;

To ensure flight safety and aviation security.

The main goal of interaction between airport services and airlines is to strictly adhere to the developed technological schedule for aircraft ground handling, ensuring compliance with the flight schedule and the efficiency of the airport.

5. Technological schedule for preparing aircraft for departure. Purpose andcontent

The main ground handling activities of the airport, airlines and concessionaires are carried out in the area of the apron, where aircraft parking areas are located and most aircraft ground handling procedures are carried out.

The airport's capacity mainly depends on the number of parking lots and the quality of aircraft ground handling.

Platform - area where aircraft are located for loading, unloading, maintenance and doses A correcting aircraft with fuel and oils.

In order to achieve maximum utilization of the airport, the allowable service time is aircraft accommodations in the parking lot - usually from 30 to 45 minutes for a narrow-body aircraft and from 45 minutes to 1 hour for a wide-body aircraft.

During this period of time, intensive and well-coordinated actions are carried out including:

Basic aircraft maintenance actions on the apron

* unloading and loading of baggage transported in the aircraft compartment

* unloading and loading of cargo and mail

* procedures for managing and monitoring loading operations to ensure correct alignment of the aircraft

* eliminating waste and restocking the aircraft kitchen in-flight meals

* engineering support procedures for checking systems and maintaining aircraft

* cleaning passenger cabins and servicing aircraft toilets

* refueling aircraft with aviation fuel, oils and water

* change and briefing of the aircraft crew

* disembarkation and subsequent boarding of passengers on the aircraft

* providing aircraft with electricity and air conditioning

air during the period of shutdown of its own systems

* towing and aircraft engine starting procedures

All of the above actions must be carried out in accordance with the technological schedule, based on choosing the optimal time for this.

A failure in the timing of one procedure can seriously affect the performance of other procedures within the time intervals allocated for them in the technological maintenance schedule for a given aircraft type.

Any delay or interference will cause the aircraft to miss its allocated take-off time. This, in turn, will delay the placement of another arriving aircraft at a given parking area, which may entail a redistribution of parking areas with a corresponding redistribution of actions for aircraft handling and the movement of passengers from one area of the passenger terminal to another,

In the event of a group failure of aircraft parking services, ATC actions may be required to delay arriving aircraft in the airport's airspace or even divert their routes to other airports.

Thus, the apron requires strict adherence to the time allocated in the technological schedules for aircraft ground handling.

6. Technological groupAfic. Purpose, classification

Technological schedules are developed according to aircraft types and the purpose of the flight.

It is most convenient for practical work to use a time-based technological schedule for preparing an aircraft for departure in the form of a table that reflects the sequence of the main works and services of the performers for servicing the initial, final, transit and return flights.

A variation of TG by aircraft type is that the preparation of aircraft that use containers for transporting cargo, mail and luggage differs from that where loading is carried out in bulk (in bulk).

The main difference between TG aircraft maintenance is the use of technology.

For each type of aircraft, only those special equipment that has its own official approval (certificate) are listed. For example, for loading into cargo hatches on aircraft such as A-310, B-767, Il-86 and Il-96, airlines use container loaders with a lifting capacity of up to 7000 kg, and on TU-154, Il-62 loading is carried out at using a conveyor belt or even manually.

There is also a difference in the technological schedules for the maintenance time of one or another type of aircraft. For example, during autumn-winter navigation, anti-icing liquid “Arktika” is used, with which the planes of the fuselage and the stabilizer of the aircraft are treated.

The processing time for TU-154 and IL-96 by TG is the same - 15 minutes, during which time the service and passengers began boarding the IL-96 5 minutes earlier. Consequently, the time for “dousing” and starting the engines is longer.

The technological schedule contains:

- data on the names of performers (special vehicles);

- name of work (commands that are performed by services and divisions);

divisions of the airport, airlines);

- responsible services for the execution of work;

- serial number of technological work;

- sequence of operations when preparing an aircraft for departure;

- time of start and end of aircraft maintenance work (before departure);

- duration of work performed by airport maintenance services

Aircraft on the apron.

7. Supervisor responsibilities

· coordination of work during technical and commercial maintenance of aircraft on the apron;

· control over the timeliness of operations during aircraft maintenance in accordance with the technological schedule;

· management of loading and unloading operations on the aircraft in accordance with the loading scheme, taking into account the order of unloading at intermediate ports, taking into account the peculiarities of loading dangerous, valuable and urgent cargo;

· ensuring that luggage, cargo and mail are secured in cargo compartments;

· cessation of work on aircraft preparation in the event of an emergency that affects flight safety and threatens the lives of passengers.

- Loading the aircraft and securing cargo are part of the commercial support of the aircraft at the initial airport.

Responsibility for flight safety and the labor intensity of the operations performed at this stage determines the direct participation in them of many SOPGP officials and the crew: loading dispatcher, loader foreman, loaders, cargo warehouse acceptance officers; drivers of special vehicles and operators inside airfield mechanized loading and unloading operations, flight attendant (flight operator), dispatcher for organizing commercial aircraft maintenance on the apron, co-pilot.

The main task of this stage of commercial support of the aircraft is its timely loading in strict accordance with the centering schedule (CG) and reliable securing of cargo, which is a guarantee of flight safety.

A passenger (cargo) aircraft is loaded on the passenger (cargo) apron or in the parking lot. The start and end times of loading at the initial airport are determined by the technological schedules for preparing the aircraft for departure. Loading of a transit aircraft at an intermediate airport begins immediately after unloading and ends no later than 20 minutes before the scheduled departure.

The complexity of loading work is determined by:

* the nature of the cargo (light, small-sized or heavy and large-sized cargo, mail in standardized packaging);

* the presence of appropriate means inside the airfield and on-board mechanization of loading operations;

* ease of access and access to cargo compartment hatches.
The general procedure for loading an aircraft is as follows:

1) the aircraft should be loaded only after it has been refueled;

2) first of all, it is necessary to load the cargo, then the mail and lastly the luggage;

3) loading is carried out in strict accordance with the CG and the aircraft loading scheme in the order of numbering of cargo compartments (trunks) and their sections;

4) the center of gravity of the load must be in the middle of each section of the cargo compartment or the compartment as a whole.

8. Interaction of the PDSP with other airport services when preparing aircraftfor departure

The structure of the airport is formed depending on its equipment, functions and the volume of planned work. Depending on this, the airport’s structural divisions can be created:

Production and dispatch service;

departments and services of airlines and airports information on the movement of airline aircraft, the timing of closing and opening of airports due to weather conditions, delays, cancellations, combining flights or changing the type of aircraft.

Receives and transmits information about the takeoff and landing of airline aircraft within the country, in the CIS and abroad, and also coordinates, if necessary, the use of alternate airfields;

Take measures to prevent delays in aircraft departure, establish their causes and the culprit groups (services);

Draws up reports on delays in aircraft departure and prepares documents for the application of penalties to the relevant airport and airline services;

Keeps records and analyzes the regularity of flights and violations of technological schedules, develops recommendations for its improvement;

If there is a congestion of aircraft at the airport due to a “failure situation” (due to weather conditions, technical reasons), an hourly schedule for the receipt and release of aircraft is developed and its implementation is monitored;

PDSP instructions on the implementation of the daily flight plan (DFP) and preparation of aircraft for departure are mandatory for all services providing flights.

9. Operational control schedule

1.flight number;

2.aircraft number;

3.parking number;

4.flight route;

5. landing time;

6. data on the loading of the arriving aircraft;

7.beginning and ending of aircraft unloading;

8. technical serviceability of the aircraft (according to the ATB report);

9.beginning and ending of fuel and lubricant refilling;

10.readiness of the aircraft for landing;

11.beginning and ending of passenger registration;

12.report on crew readiness;

13.beginning and ending of passenger boarding;

14.beginning and ending of loading of cargo, mail and luggage;

15.beginning and ending of loading of in-flight supplies;

16. removal of the ladder;

17. towing start time;

18.departure time;

20. mark of regularity.

The basis of commercial servicing of aircraft on the apron is the implementation of TG preparation of aircraft for departure and arrival, fulfilling the requirements for ensuring power supply and aviation safety, as well as maximum use of commercial volumes of aircraft.

The entire order of priority for performing technological operations on board the aircraft, as well as the sequence of entrances for special equipment, is determined by dispatcher for preparing the aircraft for departure (DOP) based on specific conditions. His instructions are mandatory for workers on operational shifts to carry out complex ground support for transportation and related services. He organizes, manages, controls and takes the necessary measures to fulfill the technological schedule for preparing the aircraft for departure.

The technological process of preparing an aircraft for departure begins from the moment the aircraft is parked and chocks are installed, and ends, in accordance with RRP-90, with the departure of the aircraft, i.e. the time of removing the blocks in order to begin the movement of the aircraft associated with departure. This time is indicated in the schedule.

10. Airport handling

Handling is a comprehensive organizational support for commercial and technical maintenance of aircraft, servicing passengers, baggage and crews at airports and host cities along the flight route. This term is widely used in ICAO documents; its use in Russian makes it possible to replace the above 16 Russian words and significantly reduce working documentation. Therefore, this abbreviation is widely used in this Guide.

In addition, the term “handling” is often used to mean “service organization”: crew handling, passenger handling, etc.

Handling includes the following main types of organizational support:

1) Organization of ground handling of aircraft of Russian and foreign carriers at airports of departure*, landing and return flight:

* Handling of aircraft acceptance and release at the airport (acceptance and release, ensuring aviation security, use of the airport terminal),

* Handling of commercial aircraft servicing at the airport (passenger service, baggage handling),

* Handling of aircraft maintenance at the airport (organizing the implementation of the transit form, ensuring the meeting and departure of the aircraft, cleaning the cabin, etc.),

* Handling of technical equipment at the airport (stairways, means of delivering passengers to the aircraft, etc.),

* Handling of additional services at the airport (excess parking, hangar, medical examination, additional security, VIP lounge, communications, etc.),

* Handling of aviation fuels and lubricants at the airport (refueling aircraft, etc.),

* Handling of flight catering at the airport (ordering and delivery of flight catering),

* Customs handling at the airport,

* Handling passport control at the airport (including expedited passport control and border crossing),

* Handling flight documentation at the airport

In accordance with the order of the FSVT of Russia dated October 30, 1998. No. 342, the organization of ground handling of aircraft of Russian and foreign carriers at aircraft departure airports is not classified as a type of aircraft flight support.

ADDITIONAL SERVICES.

* Accommodation of crews in the hotel (hotel handling for the crew),

* Providing transfer (airport-hotel) - car handling for crew and passengers

OTHER TYPES OF HANDLING:

* Hotel handling for passengers * (booking and provision of hotels for passengers).

* Visa handling (visa support for crews and passengers).

* Security handling (organization of aircraft security, crew and passengers).

* Operational and legal handling (assistance in obtaining urgent permits from the aviation authorities of the Russian Federation and foreign countries for the right to operate flights (landing, overflight) on international (domestic) air routes for Russian and foreign carriers.

* Payment handling (organization of non-cash payment for third party services),

* Program handling (organization of business and cultural programs for passengers and crew).

* Handling of faulty situations (organization of Customer support during

failure situations during the flight).

in accordance with the order of the FSVT MT of the Russian Federation dated 10/30/1998. No. 342, these types of handling are not classified as types of aircraft flight support.

11. Techairport handling ology

This technology is aimed at high-quality commercial servicing of aircraft, in accordance with international standards and the requirements of instructions, meeting safety requirements, increasing the regularity of flights, ensuring maximum commercial loading of baggage, cargo and mail. It is developed taking into account the current documents defining the production activities of services and divisions of the agro-industrial complex.

The basis of commercial servicing of aircraft on the apron is the implementation of technological schedules for preparing aircraft for departure and arrival, fulfilling the requirements for ensuring flight safety, as well as maximizing the use of commercial volumes of aircraft.

The entire order of priority for performing technological operations on board the aircraft, as well as the order of special equipment entrances, is determined by the dispatcher for preparing the aircraft for departure, based on specific conditions. His instructions are mandatory for workers on operational shifts to carry out complex ground support for transportation and related services. He organizes, manages, controls and takes the necessary measures to fulfill the technological schedule for preparing the aircraft for departure.

Management of the approach and departure of special vehicles and transport to the aircraft is carried out by employees of the relevant departments, authorized by order to have the right to direct the movement of special vehicles in the aircraft preparation area on the apron.

Technology includes:

· Requirements for ensuring flight safety during commercial loading of aircraft.

· Loading and centering instructions required.

· Technological schedules of all types of aircraft preparation for flights and upon aircraft arrival

· Interaction of the Preschool Educational Inspectorate with the services and divisions of the AVK.

· Features of commercial maintenance of various types of aircraft.

12. Flight task. Purposeand content

EThe operator is required to include the following information in the flight mission:

1. Aircraft registration number

2. Aircraft type and its modification

3. Flight date

4. Flight number

5. List of crew members

6. Flight crew assignment

7. Departure point

8. Departure time (block removal time, take-off time)

9. Arrival point (planned and actual)

10. Arrival time (true landing time and time of installation of blocks)

11.Flight type (ETOPS, VFR, ferrying, etc.)

12.Route and sections of the route with checkpoints, distances, times and tracks

13. Planned cruising speed and flight time between checkpoints

14. Estimated and true time of year

15.Safe altitudes and minimum levels

16. Planned altitudes and flight levels

17. Fuel calculation (records of in-flight fuel checks)

18.Amount of fuel on board during engine start

19. Alternate airfield for landing and, if necessary, for take-off on the route, including the information described above in paragraphs 12,13,14,15

20. Initial confirmation of the passage of the flight plan by the air traffic control unit (ATC) and its subsequent reconfirmation

21.Changing calculations in flight

22. Necessary weather information

The operator must ensure that all entries in the flight mission are correct and true.

13. TVI. Purpose and listno mandatory PDSP information

Requirements of this Table of intra-airport information on the movement of aircraft at aerodromes Russian Federation(hereinafter referred to as the “Table Card”) apply to legal entities and individuals (enterprises, institutions, airlines of any form of ownership) whose activities are related to the planning and execution of flights, air navigation services, commercial and technical support for flights at airfields of the Russian Federation.

1. This Table defines the list, procedure and deadlines for submitting mandatory information on the planning and execution of flights, commercial and technical support of flights for the purpose of interaction of air traffic control and air traffic control enterprises with other legal entities and airport services at airfields of the Russian Federation.

2. The report card is compiled in accordance with the Air Code of the Russian Federation, other documents regulating messages (mandatory information) about the movement of aircraft on air routes and local air lines, as well as operating technologies of air traffic control centers and airport services at all stages of preparing aircraft for flights (flights) ) and during their post-flight maintenance.

3. The report card contains mandatory information necessary for officials and services involved in preparing aircraft for flights (flights) and servicing them after arrival.

4. Mandatory information is grouped by control centers and services of air traffic control and air traffic control enterprises and the airport, regardless of whether these control centers and services belong to legal entities at the airfield.

5. The transfer of mandatory information between control centers (including the EC ATM RC) and airport services is carried out in accordance with the work technology of air traffic control and air traffic controllers of enterprises and the work technology of the corresponding airport service specialists, using available technical means (GHS, direct telephone, television devices, radio channels, etc.),

6. The report card is a standard document on the basis of which air traffic control and air traffic control enterprises develop a report card in relation to local conditions (taking into account specific conditions and capabilities), while maintaining a list of mandatory information.

7. The table of mandatory information developed in relation to local conditions and methods of transmitting mandatory information are approved by the head of the enterprise for air traffic control and air traffic control.

8. The frequency of reissue of the report card is determined based on the changes that occur, but not less than once every 3 years.

9. Civil aviation enterprises and airlines, as well as other legal entities at the airport that are not part of air traffic control and air traffic control enterprises, provide flight support and receive mandatory information about the movement of aircraft through the air traffic control point on a contractual basis.

10. At airports where there are no PDSP or ISG, their functions to fulfill the requirements of the Table can be performed by the ADP only on a contractual basis between the air traffic control enterprise and air traffic control, the airport and other legal entities at the aerodrome,

11. At airports equipped with automated management and control systems (ATC automated control systems, PDSP automated control systems, process control systems, etc.) *, the Table, which will be developed in relation to local conditions, must contain appropriate instructions on the method of transmitting mandatory information.

12. Mandatory information passing through the automated system should not

13. Control over compliance with the requirements of the Table is assigned to the heads of airlines, airports, airlines, air traffic control and air traffic control enterprises, enterprises and institutions of any form of ownership insofar as they are concerned,

14. All officials and performers associated with the planning, execution of flights and ATS, commercial and technical support of flights at airports, bear personal responsibility for fulfilling the requirements of the Timesheet, the timeliness and accuracy of mandatory information as it relates.

Note:

(*) - Messages that can pass through an automated management and control system are determined by the report compilers in relation to local conditions and the availability of automated systems.

If there is an AS PDSP or other automated process control systems, information about the beginning and end of operations is entered by the services in accordance with the TG.

14. Airplane schedule. Slot provision procedure

All regular transportation of passengers, mail baggage and cargo is carried out by air in accordance with the established current schedule.

Airplane schedules are divided into 2 types:

1. internal schedule of aircraft of the Russian air carrier.

2. international schedule aircraft movements.

The internal schedule includes all regular flights of air carriers registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, regardless of their form of ownership, that have “licenses” for the right to perform regular transportation on interregional and intraregional airlines on all types of aircraft.

The international schedule includes all scheduled flights of air carriers registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, regardless of their form of ownership, that have “licenses” for the right to carry out scheduled transportation on international and interstate airlines.

Currently, a carrier can have 2 licenses.

1. The right to carry out air transportation of passengers.

2. The right to carry out air transportation of goods.

The aircraft traffic schedule is the main program document of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which is developed, published and maintained for the purposes of:

· ensuring control of the parameters of the license for the right to perform regular transportation;

· planning conditions for the safe operation of flights in the airspace and airports;

· monitoring compliance by flights with airport service capacity standards;

· coordinating flights of various air carriers, based on the required material resources for their implementation, restrictions on the capacity of the air network and meeting the commercial conditions for operating flights;

· creating conditions for regular flights;

· calculation of material resources necessary to carry out planned flights;

· providing consumers with various schedule data and other schedule-related information for organizing commercial and technical activities.

Note. Schedule for irregular (charter) flights on all aircraft on air routes and international routes of the 1st category (regulated separately).

The domestic and international flight schedule is developed for two seasons:

- “Summer” - the beginning of the action is the last Sunday of March.

Ends on the last Saturday of October.

- “Winter” - the beginning of the action is the last Sunday of October.

The end of the action is the last Saturday of March.

The validity periods of the summer and winter season schedules correspond to the dates established by IATA.

Formation, publication, prompt adjustment of the schedule and maintenance of regulatory and reference information are carried out in local time.

Note. For air traffic control services, all time parameters are indicated in Coordinated Universal Time - UTC (this is atomic time as close as possible to the solar time of the Greenwich meridian).

Participants in the formation, coordination, publication and operational adjustment of the schedule. Their main functions.

The process of formation, approval, publication and prompt adjustment of the schedule involves:

· Federal Air Transport Agency;

· Interregional territorial departments (ITU);

· Air carriers;

· Airports.

· Main center planning and regulating air traffic flows;

· Center for Schedules and Tariffs (STC);

15. Daily flight plan. Onmeaning, content

FLIGHT PLAN- strictly defined information about the planned flight.

DAILY FLIGHT PLAN- a flight plan drawn up on the eve of the flight day based on the aircraft traffic schedule and agreed requests for unscheduled aircraft flights.

RPP- repeating flight plan - a plan that applies to all navigation and does not require approval from the traffic service.

PPL- a preliminary flight plan submitted for flights by airlines within a period of 3 hours to 3 days, requiring approval by the traffic service and at the destination airport to coordinate the SLOT.

SLOT- a window in the daily plan presented by the destination airport for the arrival, service and departure of the flight of the submitting PPL, or an application for the flight.

The main planning task is the uniform distribution of flights during the day depending on the airport capacity (acceptance and release of aircraft).

To prepare a WBS, the planning manager must have:

1. Aircraft departure plan according to the federal and regional schedule for a given day.

2. Plan coming from other airports (scheduled and unscheduled flights).

3. Plans of assignments of flight units of civil aviation and an extract from flight plans (applications) for planned flights from airports of other airlines and transit crews.

4. Information on the condition and readiness of the first landing and alternate airfields for receiving and servicing aircraft, and in some cases fuel and lubricants at the airport.

5. Preliminary flight plan for lettered and controlled flights (must be marked with the symbols “A”, “K”, “GZ”), as well as flights with a postponement of departure to the next day.

6. Check the availability of reserve crews, and if they are absent, report to the flight squad headquarters.

7. Monitor the receipt from the flight squad headquarters of the work order plans for the execution of their flights for the next day and from the production control center (PDSC) of the work order plans for the planned aircraft.

8. Enter into the SPP the regional numbers of the aircraft, the names of the PICs and their meteorological minimums, the number of crew members and the names of the PICs of the reserve crews from the orders received from the headquarters of the flight squad.

9. Send the SPP (traffic summary plan) to the information and computing center (information and computing center) no later than 15.00 Moscow time, where the SPP is printed and an extract from the SPP is made.

10. Send a telegram to the airport of departure about the prohibition or postponement of arrival time for unscheduled flights in accordance with the “Aircraft Movement Message Table” (AT).

To compile a summary (general) SOP, the planning manager receives the following necessary information from interested airport services and airlines:

plan - summary of passenger flights;

plan - summary of cargo flights;

plan summary of charter flights;

plan - summary of foreign airlines.

The SOP indicates all landing points, including technical ones (aircraft refueling and necessary maintenance).

The SPP tracks aircraft movements throughout the entire flight depth.

All navigation systems are divided into autumn - winter and spring - summer navigation.

Changes to the NGN are made according to telegrams that arrive via “SITA”, “Gabriel” and “AFTN” (TLG is considered an official document). Telegrams (TLG) about changes are recorded in the “Book of Orders”, after which all interested services (representative offices) are notified using means of communication and only after that amendments are made to the SPP.

1. Flight number.

2. Flight letter (letter index).

4. Aircraft number.

5. Layout (maximum commercial load).

6. Ownership of the aircraft.

7. Last name of the PIC (his takeoff/landing minimum).

8. Route.

9. Planned time.

10. Actual arrival time.

11. Scheduled departure time.

12. Planned take-off time.

13. Actual take-off time.

14. Time of arrival at the airport for the first landing.

15. The reason for the delay according to the classifier (the culprit of the delay in the airport)

16. Aircraft movement report sheet

PROCEDURE FOR COMPLETING STANDARD TELEGRAPH MESSAGES FOR IVP and ATS

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Telegraph messages on planning, support and execution of flights, as well as other air traffic control activities and additional information related to them are compiled in accordance with the Table of Standard ATS Messages (Appendix 13).

The Table of Standard ATS Messages is part of a similar Table of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

It contains a list of messages and the standard messages associated with them.
sets of data with constant numbers assigned to them, called data fields. Some of these fields that are not used in the Russian Federation are not indicated in the Table.

Telegraph messages - applications for temporary residence permits are drawn up on standard forms, other messages - on regular telegram forms. Forms for PPL, FPL and telegrams with other types of standard messages for temporary air traffic police and internal affairs bodies must be filled out in compliance with the following rules.

Forms of flight plans for air traffic control and other standard ATS messages for domestic flights are filled out in block letters of the Russian alphabet.

Time in air traffic control flight plans and other standard ATS messages is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

When filling out forms, moving text to another line is allowed only in whole groups, without breaks. The total number of characters per line, including spaces between fields, must not exceed 69.

Each message on air traffic control and air traffic control is drawn up in the form of a telegram and transmitted in the established order to the authorities supporting the flight of the aircraft (activities on air traffic control and air traffic control).

The first (address) part of the message is filled in by the ADP dispatcher in accordance with the rules for addressing and transmitting telegraph messages.

The second (information) part of the message is filled in by the PIC (aircraft operator) and includes:

Data provided in fields 3-18; they are enclosed in parentheses and are intended for automatic processing in the computer systems of ATC systems and transmission to the ATS points of these systems;

Additional flight information; it is placed outside parentheses in messages (except flight plans) and is intended for other airport services (to be completed by the traffic controller).

The third part of the plans for the IVP (field 19 of the FPL and the reverse side of the PPL) is filled in by the PIC with the established data in all cases and is not transmitted in telegraph messages, with the exception of the subscription data of some messages.

Data enclosed in parentheses in messages of all types on air traffic police and traffic police must be compiled in the order and sequence defined by the Table of Standard Messages on Air Traffic Services. Distortion of the order and format of messages is unacceptable due to the fact that automated processing of this data is impossible if distorted.

Exampleflight plan changes (FCP):

(TsKhG-DV345-UHHH-USSS-9/IL62-16/USSS0600-18/DATE2106 RMK/AF MALFUNCTION)

TsHG (change); -DV345 (scheduled flight number 345, operated by DAK airlines); -UХХХ (departure airfield Khabarovsk); -USSS (destination airfield Yekaterinburg); -9/IL62 (VS type replaced by IL-62); -16/USSS0600 (destination airfield Ekaterinburg, estimated elapsed time before arrival 06:00); -18/DATE/2106 (flight date June 21); Aircraft malfunction/aircraft malfunction (reason for change).

An example of an aircraft departure delay:

(DLA-DM661-UUDD0200-UTTT)RZ/I01

DLA (delay, extension of delay); -DM661 (scheduled flight number 661, operated by Domodedovo PA); -UUDD0200 (Domodedovo departure airfield, new aircraft departure time 02:00 UTC); -UTTT (destination airfield Tashkent); RZ/I01 (reason for delay of IAS, failures and malfunctions of aviation equipment).

Change of preliminary flight plan (PTP):

(ПЦХ-ДВ9 0 0 7 -УХХХ-УСТЦ-9/ТУ54-16 /УСТЦ0135-18/DATE/ 2106)

PTsH (change); -DV9007 (out-of-schedule flight number 9007, operated by the Far Eastern Aviation Corporation "DAK"); -UKHU (departure airfield Khabarovsk); -USCC (destination airfield Chelyabinsk); -9/TU54 (aircraft type replaced by Tu-154); -16/USCC0135 (destination airfield Chelyabinsk, estimated elapsed time before arrival changed to 01 h 35 min); -18/DATE/2106 (flight date June 21).

Aircraft departure (DEL):

(DEP-DV9027-UХХХ0310-USSS-REG/85805 STS/K) RZ/P01

120/10/450/90/2000 25/1/150/30/450 ZI USSS 2D USSS PRS-DV902

GR11/35 USSS)

Note. Data on commercial loading is transmitted as directed by the SOP, the reason for the delay is as directed by the PDSP with designations in accordance with the Classifier, information in parentheses is not transmitted outside the Russian Federation,

DEP (aircraft departure); -DV9027 (out-of-schedule flight number 9027, operated by the Far Eastern Aviation Corporation "DAK"); -UKHKHOZYU (departure airfield Khabarovsk, take-off time 3 hours 10 minutes, UTC); -USSS (destination airfield Yekaterinburg); -REG/85805 (aircraft registration number);

STS/K (letter "K"); RZ/P01 (“P” is the symbol of the SOPL service, “01” is the reason for the delay, late check-in of passengers); 120/10/450/90/2000 (“total load: 120 passengers, including 10 unaccompanied children, 450 kg of luggage, 90 kg of mail, 2000 kg of cargo); 25/1/150/30/ 450 (loading to the first boarding point: 25 passengers, including 1 unaccompanied children, 150 kg of luggage, 30 kg of mail, 450 kg of cargo); ZI USSS (three foreign tourists on board the aircraft to Yekaterinburg 2D); USSS (on board two deputies to Yekaterinburg); PRS-DV902 (on board some of the passengers of flight 902); GR11/35 USSS (on board group No. 11 of 35 people to Yekaterinburg).

Aircraft landing (APR):

(APR-PL9027-ULLL-UUVVSH0)

APP (aircraft landing); -PL9027 (out-of-schedule flight number 9027, operated by Pulkovo Airlines); -ULLL (departure airport St. Petersburg); -UUVV1240 (Vnukovo landing airfield, landing time 12 hours 40 minutes UTC).

Return of the aircraft, direction to the alternate airfield (AFA):(FLA-PL9027-UUVV-ULLL-REG/85709~DATE/2705-UTC/0815-RMK/ CLOUDY)

FLA (return of aircraft);-PL9027 (out-of-schedule flight number 9027, operated by Pulkovo Airlines); -UUVV (destination airfield Vnukovo); -ULLL (return to departure airport St. Petersburg); REG/85709 (aircraft registration number); - DATE/2705 (aircraft return date May 27); -UTC/0815 (maneuver start time 8 hours 15 minutes UTC); RMC/CLOUDY (reason for return).

(FLA-PL9027-UUVV-UVGG1205-REG/85709-MIN/80 0.8-DATE/2705-RMK/TOPL/0230 LOW CLOUD)

FLA (directing aircraft to an alternate airfield); -PL9027 (out-of-schedule flight number 9027 operated by Pulkovo Airlines); -UUVV (destination airfield Vnukovo); -UVGG1205 (alternate airfield Nizhny Novgorod, maneuver start time 12:05 UTC); -REG/85709 (aircraft registration number); -MIN/80 0.8 (landing minimum PIC: vertical visibility 80 m, horizontal visibility -0.8 km); -DATE/2705 (date of direction to the alternate airfield on May 27); -RMC/LOW CLOUD (reason for return).

Restriction, termination (extension) of the use of aircraft for all reasons,except for weather conditions (APZ):

I (APZ-UNNN0400/0900-DATE/2809-RMK/RUNWAY CLEANING) READING MESSAGE:

ALZ (cessation of taking VS); -UNNNO4OO/O90O (Tolmachevo airport, time of termination of aircraft reception from 4:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. UTC); I -DATE/2809 (limit date September 28); -RMK/RUNWAY CLEANING "reason for restriction").

Resumption of aircraft reception (APV): (APV-UNNNO9OO-DATE/2809)

APV (resumption of VS); -UNNN0900 (Tolmachevo airport, time of resumption of aircraft reception 9 hours 00 minutes UTC); -DATE/2809 (date of resumption of aircraft reception is September 28).

Primarymessageaboutaviationincident,incident(serious incident), as well as any information about a security threat

Aircraft, crew and passengers (ALR): (ALR-IR9057-TU34-REG/65708-DATE/2704-UTC/0840-TChK/UUVV-

VIEW / ROUGH LANDING-MU / VISIBILITY 5-RMK / COMMISSION IS CREATED)

Notes: 1. The location of the incident is indicated after the abbreviation “ТЧК/” by the description of points (points) adopted when filling out the data fields,

The type of incident, weather conditions and measures taken are indicated after the appropriate abbreviations “VID/”, “MU/” and “RMK/” in free form.

The ownership of the aircraft is indicated behind the aircraft registration number after the abbreviation “-OPR/” if the flight number does not correspond to the name of the airline (aircraft operator).

ALR (initial message); -IR9057 (out-of-schedule flight number 9057 operated by Aviakor airline); -TU34 (type of aircraft Tu-134); -REG/65708 (aircraft registration number); -DATE/2704 (date of incident April 27); UTC/0840 (time of incident 8 hours 40 minutes UTC); -TChK/UUVV (scene of the incident: Vnukovo airport); -KIND / ROUGH LANDING (type of incident); -MU/VISIBILITY 5 (weather conditions at the time of the incident); -RMK/COMMISSION IS CREATED (measures taken).

Act of unlawful interference in the activities of Civil Aviation (ANV)): (Anv-DM651-Tu54-ROG/85609-Fio/Ivanov-Data/2804-USTC/0820-TCHK/District of UVVV C0780-Vid/capture of the air ship/130-rmk/on board two armed terrorists require automatic AFTER REFUELING IN TASHKENT FLIGHT TO DELHI REMAINING FUEL 15 TONS)

Notes: 1. The location of the incident is indicated after the abbreviation “ТЧК/” with a description of airfields, points, points, ATS areas, sections and route designations adopted when filling out the data fields.

The type of incident, weather conditions, requirements and actions are indicated
after the corresponding abbreviations "VID/", "MU/" and "RMK/" in any form.

The ownership of the aircraft is indicated behind the designation of the aircraft registration number after the abbreviation “-OPR/”, if the flight number does not correspond to the name of the airline (aircraft operator).

4. Updated data is requested from the airport of departure of the aircraft orat crew.

READING MESSAGES :

ANV (act of unlawful interference); -DM651 (scheduled flight number 651, operated by Domodedovo PA); -TU54 (type of aircraft Tu-154); -REG/85609 (aircraft registration number); -Full name/IVANOV (surname PIC); -DATE/2804 (date of incident April 28); -UTC / 0820 (incident time 8 hours 20 minutes UTC); -TCHK / DISTRICT UVVV (scene of the incident, district of the Samara RC Department of Internal Affairs); С0780 (level 7800 m); -TYPE/CAPTURE OF AN AIRCRAFT (content of the act of unlawful interference); -POB/130 (total number of passengers and crew on board the aircraft 130); - RMK/ON BOARD TWO TERRORISTS ARMED WITH MACHINES DEMAND AFTER refueling in TASHKENT FLIGHT TO DELHI THE REMAINING FUEL IS 15 TONS (information about the terrorists, their weapons and other information about the incident).

17. Types of flight support

Flight support is organized and carried out with the aim of safe, regular and efficient execution of civil aviation flights.

Relevant activities include:

Organization of flight work (flight operation service);

Organization of flight crew training;

Flight operations.

Navigation support (navigation service):

Development of aircraft maneuvering schemes in the airfield area;

Navigation training of drugs;

Providing aeronautical information;

Monitoring the readiness of aircraft for flight operations.

Providing aeronautical information (AIS service):

providing LAN with aeronautical information;

routes, maps, amendments, NOTAMs.

Providing air traffic control (ATC):

Planning and coordination of air activities;

Direct air traffic control;

Monitoring compliance by aircraft crews with the procedure for using airspace.

Meteorological support (AMS, AMC), including provision to management and flight personnel, traffic services and other services of meteorological information necessary to perform assigned duties.

Aviation engineering support (IAS, ATB, ATC):

Timely and high-quality maintenance, inspections, modifications and repairs of aircraft;

Ensuring a high level of flight safety;

Analysis of the causes of AT failures and development of measures to prevent them;

Monitoring compliance with aircraft technical operation rules.

Aviation technical support (ATB, ATC) (aviation technical base, center), including direct maintenance and preparation of aircraft for flight.

Aerodrome support (Airdrome service - AS, AB):

Carries out measures for the operational readiness of runways, taxiways, and stations;

Prepares the airfield and areas for radio beacon landing systems;

Electrical lighting support (ESTOP Base):

Maintenance and maintenance of service stations in good condition;

Power supply, backup power supplies, spotlights, OVI, OMI.

Radio technical support (ERTOS Base):

Providing air traffic control authorities with the necessary radio communication systems, means of communication and control over the movement of aircraft;

Ornithological support, including carrying out measures to prevent aircraft collisions with birds.

Commercial support(Transportation Organization Service - SOP), including carrying out a set of measures aimed at using the carrying capacity and safe operation of aircraft flights.

Integrated ground transportation support (KNOP), including direct provision of aircraft preparation on the apron.

Ensuring operational production management (PDSP), including management and coordination of the actions of airline units to carry out planned tasks and operations provided for by technological schedules for aircraft training:

Regime and security support (Aviation Security Service):

screening of passengers hand luggage and luggage;

pre-flight inspection of aircraft;

security of aviation equipment and facilities;

airfield fencing;

...

Airport infrastructure. Main functions

Infrastructure(from Latin. Infra - below, under and structura - structure, location) is a material system with the help of which goods and services reach the consumer. In relation to air transportation services, infrastructure means a system of airports, air terminals, equipped air routes, airline agencies and offices, cargo warehouses, cargo stations and aprons, as well as the corresponding network of intermediaries and functional offices. A distinction must be made between the airline's own infrastructure and the infrastructure of the air transport system. The airline's infrastructure includes only its own network of sales points, offices, agencies, etc. Only the largest airlines in the world have their own air terminals and cargo complexes at many airports around the world. Most airlines lease parts of premises and facilities at airports, and not a single airline has its own air routes.

The airport is a place where different activities and interests of different partners intersect. This is where partners combine their activities to carry out air transport.

Partners in airport activities are those who provide services, as well as users of airport services, which include, first of all, airlines.

Currently, the infrastructure of Russian airports is very diverse:

* joint stock companies;
* unitary state enterprises (USE);
* federal treasury enterprise;

Today, airports operate in various organizational forms and statuses (federal, regional and local).

Airport functions can be classified in various ways and distributed between structural units, services, (departments) of the airport in various combinations.

At large airports, functions are more specific and distributed between relevant, sometimes numerous departments and services.

The relevant airport services (departments) usually cover most or all of the following areas of airport activity:

· apron and aircraft parking areas;
· passenger terminal facilities and services;
· hangars and aircraft maintenance areas;
· ATC support facilities and services;
· air navigation support facilities and services;
· means and service of lighting support for flights and airport activities;
· meteorological support for flights and airport activities;
· aircraft maintenance facilities and services;
· means and service for providing flights and airport activities with fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants);
· cargo and mail processing facilities and areas;
AB support facilities and service
· other facilities, services and areas.
· working areas (runways, taxiways, lighting equipment);

An organizational structure is a diagram consisting of divisions and individual officials of a company, arranged according to levels of significance and responsibility, containing the relationships between them and the order of subordination. Depending on the stage of development of the company (formation, development, stabilization, crisis), different approaches to building an organizational structure are required. It is especially important to control the situation at the stage of transition from one stage to another and at the stage of active growth and development of the company. A well-constructed organizational structure makes it possible to optimize the number of personnel and the number of divisions, simplify the interaction of divisions, evenly distribute the load on personnel, avoid duplication of functions and their “sagging”, eliminate double and triple subordination, delimit the scope of activity of managers, determine their powers and area of responsibility, increase labor productivity. The organizational structure is the basis for building an effective management system. For an airport, this is one of the main components on which the entire operation of any air transportation is based. An airport especially must have a coherent, well-functioning structure. The lives and safety of passengers depend on this. Let's take a closer look at how the organizational structure of any airport is built.

At the airport, the marketing department is headed by the vice president of marketing. He is a member of the Board of Directors and takes part in developing the target orientation of the airline’s activities, developing a long-term strategy for its implementation, and drawing up plans for the development of air transport production. Organizationally, he reports to the president and coordinates marketing efforts throughout the company. The responsibility of the vice president of marketing is to integrate the activities of various functional units, regardless of the specific organizational chart adopted by the airline.

The main task of the marketing department is to develop a strategy and tactics for the company's behavior in the air transportation market, taking into account its goals, financial and technical capabilities. The airport is characterized by the organization of marketing by type of air transportation and type of functions. The Marketing Management Department is the main department that determines the airline's marketing activities. It consists of groups.

The planning group is responsible for drawing up marketing plans based on information from proposals coming from other groups. The marketing plan reflects the characteristics of the main strategic goals of the airline, data on forecasting the development of regional markets, marketing strategies for each region, tariff policy and sales plans for regions and airlines, action plans to improve the quality of service, a tactical action plan, recommendations for sales promotion and advertising work (sent to the advertising department), a description of procedures for monitoring the effectiveness of marketing activities.

The tactical action plan (for the coming year) has several options, which allows you to flexibly respond to changing market conditions.

The aviation reservation system (ARS) group is developing the main directions for system development. Thanks to these systems, the time for booking a ticket on any route is reduced several times. The ticket booking system is linked to the hotel booking system, which is also very convenient for passengers.

The Market Development Group is a division. which receives information on regional markets abroad and on the conditions of the air transportation market. The generalized results of market research are the basis for forecasting demand for air travel and developing marketing strategies and tactics.

The tariff group is responsible for collecting all information on aviation

international tariffs and the conditions for their application, is involved in calculating tariffs for various destinations, developing airline tariff policies, etc.

The aircraft service group is engaged in developing recommendations for improving the service on board the aircraft.

The route marketing department includes six route groups. The main task of this department is to develop a development strategy for each airline; proposals for scheduling, setting tariffs, servicing, etc. are developed here. Information from this department is transferred to the marketing management department (it is primary for drawing up marketing plans).

The passenger services department consists of two groups: the legal group is responsible for developing rules for passenger insurance, conditions for the use of air tickets and other legal issues, and the transport services group is responsible for developing new rules for service (non-standard) on board the aircraft, which are then transferred to the passenger service training group.

The aviation reservation system (ARS) maintenance department is developing the entire range of services provided by this system and preparing booking conditions (how many seats to leave with the airline, how many to transfer to agents of other companies, etc.).

A group of foreign missions and agencies processes information for travel agencies and representative offices abroad.

The system development group is responsible for setting tasks for programmers.

The information group collects and provides passengers with information on various countries and cities where flights are carried out: this is a concert program, theater repertoire, festivals, national holidays, etc.

The reservation control department deals with the distribution of seats by airline, flight formatting, blocking (how many seats and on which flights are booked per year, month, when the reservation is canceled, etc.).

The aviation security department or service (SBU) is a separate structure and is subordinate to government security control authorities.

The organizational structure is aimed, first of all, at establishing clear relationships between individual divisions of the airline and distributing rights and responsibilities between them. It implements various requirements for improving management systems, expressed in certain principles.

1.6.1.1. Basic terms and definitions.

The concepts of “Aerodrome”, “Airport Terminal” and “Airport” should not be confused.

Aerodrome- this is a land or water area specially equipped for take-off, landing, taxiing, parking and servicing of aircraft. An airfield can be for civilian or military purposes. Depending on the equipment, the airfield can accept certain types of aircraft (airplanes or helicopters).

Civil aviation airports are divided into:

By type of surface - airfields with artificial turf, unpaved, hydroairfields, snow and ice;

By the nature of use - permanent, temporary, daytime and round-the-clock action;

By purpose - for highway, factory, training and aerial work;

By location and use - base, intermediate, departure, destination and spare;

According to the height above sea level and the characteristics of the relief - into mountainous and flat;

According to admission to operation according to the minimums for landing - categorized and uncategorized.

Base airfield- an airfield intended for basing aircraft and having the necessary facilities for this purpose.

The airfield is temporary- an airfield intended to support aircraft flights during a certain period of the year and not having permanent structures and equipment, but subject to registration in the prescribed manner.

Mountain airfield- an airfield located on terrain with rugged terrain and relative elevations of 500 m or more within a radius of 25 km from the airfield control point (ACP), as well as an airfield located at an altitude of 1000 m or more above sea level

Spare airfield- the aerodrome indicated in the flight plan, selected before the flight or during the flight (including the departure aerodrome), where the aircraft can proceed if landing at the destination aerodrome is impossible. Depending on the length of the runway and the load-bearing capacity of the surface, airfields are divided into classes: A, B, C, D, D and E. Airfields with runways smaller than class E airfields are classified as unclassified airfields. For occasional, seasonal flights, in addition to airfields, landing sites can be used, the dimensions of which ensure the safe takeoff and landing of aircraft of the appropriate type. Civil airfields, except for temporary airfields, airfields for aviation operations and landing sites, are subject to registration in the State Register with the issuance of a certificate of state registration and suitability of the airfield for operation.

Airport terminal is a building or complex of structures designed to serve departing and arriving air passengers. The airport terminal can be located within the city or on the territory of the airfield.

Airport- this is a complex of structures designed for receiving, dispatching aircraft and servicing air transportation, having for these purposes an airfield, an air terminal and other ground facilities, as well as the necessary equipment and personnel.

1.6.1.2. Other necessary definitions.

Under aviation enterprise(airline) is understood as a legal entity, regardless of its organizational and legal form and form of ownership, whose main goals of its activity are to carry out air transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo, mail and (or) perform aviation work for a fee.

Before the reorganization of the civil aviation industry, an airline enterprise was understood as separate airport, a separate flight detachment or a joint air detachment, which has both an airport and a flight detachment in its structure.

After the reorganization of the industry into independent airline enterprises, separate airports began to be formed, separate flight squads (the concepts of “airline” and “aircraft operator” appeared), air traffic control (ATC) and radio technical flight support services (ERTS) merged into the organization “Rosaeronavigatsia”, etc. d.

In accordance with the Basic Principles for the division of an aviation enterprise into an independent airline and an airport, approved in 1994 by the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management and the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the division of air transport enterprises into an airport and an airline is aimed at eliminating the monopoly position of airlines in the air transportation market, providing conditions for their competition, increasing the overall efficiency of the air transport system.

Under the concept "airline" means an enterprise that carries out only the operation of aircraft for the purpose of performing air transportation of passengers, cargo, mail and aviation work, servicing passengers in flight on its own and leased fleet of aircraft. The airline sells air transportation, works and services, flight operation, technical and commercial maintenance of aircraft and flights.

Under operator (aircraft operator or civil aviation operator) means a citizen or legal entity that has an operator certificate (certificate) and has an aircraft (Aircraft) on the right of ownership (under lease or on another legal basis) and uses the specified Aircraft for flights.

An airport is an enterprise that receives and dispatches passengers, baggage, cargo and mail, services aircraft flights and has the necessary ground facilities, structures, equipment and trained personnel for these purposes.

The airport provides reception and release of aircraft, carries out technical and commercial maintenance of aircraft, operation of the airfield, air terminal, storage and refilling facilities for fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants), operation of means of providing technological processes in the airport area with heat, electricity, transport and communications.

The structure of the airport is formed depending on its equipment, planned functions and volume of work performed. Depending on this, the following structural divisions (services, departments, etc.) can be created in the airport structure:

Air Traffic Control (ATC);

Service (base) for radio technical support of flights and airport activities (ERTOS base);

Aviation technical base (ATB);

Electrical and lighting support service for flights and airport activities (ESTOP service);

Aviation Security Service (including the VOHR division);

Service for organizing passenger transportation (SOPP);

Service of fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants service);

Aerodrome Service;

Special transport service;

Department of Operation of Ground Facilities (ONS);

Other services and departments to support airport operations.

Each service (department) is staffed with trained specialists to perform specific tasks and functions.

1.6.1.3. Organization of movement.

The territory and facilities of the airport, depending on the purpose and operations performed on it, are divided into various zones:

Flight Operations Area/Runways (Runways) and Taxiways (Taxiways)- a certain part of the airfield territory (specially prepared and equipped), intended and used for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft. Runways can be primary, alternate, equipped or unequipped with various technical aircraft landing systems.

Airfield airfield- part of the airfield on which one or more runways, taxiways, aprons and special-purpose areas are located.

Aircraft parking area- part of the apron or a specially prepared area on the airfield of the airfield, intended for parking an aircraft for the purpose of servicing it;

Aircraft maintenance area- a section of the airfield with facilities and equipment located on it intended for aircraft maintenance. This includes aprons, hangars, buildings and workshops, parking areas for ground vehicles, equipment and associated roads.

Platform - part of the airfield of an aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purpose of boarding or disembarking passengers, loading and unloading cargo, as well as other types of services (refueling, parking, maintenance, etc.);

Areas of the airfield territory intended for the placement of radio and lighting facilities for flights and airport activities;

Areas of the airfield territory intended for the placement of production facilities and facilities of various airport services;

A section of the airfield territory with an air terminal building and a station area located on it.

Airport areas, in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, have certain markings that promote orderly movement in the areas of aircraft, vehicles and air personnel.

The movement of aircraft, vehicles and persons in various areas of the airport is established by certain rules and regulations (Manual on aerodrome service, Flight Operations Manual, etc.). All activities in airport areas (especially in the flight operations area) are subject to control and are carried out with the permission of certain control centers and officials.

In order to ensure the operation of the airport and exclude the influence of the actions of unauthorized persons on it, part of the airfield territory has a fence along the entire perimeter, access to which is controlled.

In order to ensure aviation security, restricted access zones (controlled zones) are organized inside the fenced part of the airfield, in which the movement of all persons and vehicles is controlled.

Restricted areas are organized in such a way that only authorized activities can be carried out there.

Controlled areas of the airport are equipped with fences with designated signs, a security system and control over access to them for all persons and vehicles with permission. Unauthorized entry of persons and vehicles onto the airfield (airside area) must be prevented.

All persons who have the right of access to various areas of the airport undergo a preliminary special check (inspection).

The right to exit and stay in the controlled area is given by a pass (identification sign), which must be worn by everyone who is allowed to do so, in a visible place of clothing during the entire time they are in the controlled areas. The presence of a pass (identification sign) is checked at checkpoints upon entering the controlled area.

Aircraft on the ground are centers of operational activity and require appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to them.

Aircraft parking areas are equipped with security and control equipment. Aircraft are equipped with means to prevent and detect unauthorized access to them. If there is a suspicion that such access is possible, the aircraft is subject to inspection.

Only a specified group of people are allowed into parking lots and aircraft.

Access to aircraft parking areas is permitted only to those categories of aviation personnel who are related to the maintenance of this aircraft and have insignia confirming this right. Control is carried out by AB service employees.

Passengers standing in the aircraft parking area while waiting to board must be under the supervision of aircraft service personnel.

All places from which the airfield can be clearly visible (aircraft parking areas) must be appropriately protected and controlled by the aviation security service.

Aviation security officers, equipped with mobile vehicles, communications and weapons, patrol the airport to prevent cases of unauthorized access of unauthorized persons to controlled areas.

Personnel of the airport and other airlines located on its territory must be aware of the need to maintain an effective and constant security system at parking areas and throughout the airport as a whole. Unauthorized persons in restricted areas must be detained and report to the security service or airport police department.

Entry into the territory of controlled areas of the airport for vehicles of all types and purposes must be made only with special passes that have different validity periods.

The movement of all types of vehicles in the controlled areas of the airport is determined by an approved document and must only be along established routes and at a specified speed.

Drivers of vehicles when working in controlled areas of the airport are required to carry and present, upon request of the established circle of officials, a document giving them the right to drive vehicles around the airfield and servicing aircraft.

The entry of vehicles onto runways and taxiways in all cases is carried out only with the permission of the flight director (RP) and accompanied by the person responsible for the work, who has a two-way radio connection with the air traffic control (ATC) dispatcher.

Management of maneuvering of vehicles near aircraft is carried out by an established circle of officials who have a documented right to do so.

1.6.1.4. Air traffic services.

Intense air traffic is unthinkable without certain rules for its management. There are international and national air traffic control (ATC) rules that are constantly being improved towards the creation of a global air traffic management system.

Air traffic management (ATM) is a system of rules and procedures, one of the elements of which is air traffic control, carried out by air traffic control services specially trained for this purpose.

Air traffic control (ATC) is organized in accordance with the requirements of the Air Code of the Russian Federation, regulatory and guidance documents in this area, the Manual on flight operations in civil aviation (NPP GA-85) and instructions on flight operations in the areas of airfields (air hubs).

Air traffic control in civil aviation is carried out by EC ATC centers, traffic service authorities and includes:

Air traffic planning and coordination;

Direct air traffic control;

Monitoring compliance by aircraft crews with the rules for using airspace.

The main tasks of the ATC are:

Ensuring flight safety when aircraft crews perform flight missions;

Ensuring regularity and cost-effectiveness of flights with efficient use of airspace

Each aircraft from the moment the engines are started until they are turned off at the final point of the established route is in the air traffic control system (under supervision and constant communication).

Ensuring the aviation safety of an aircraft in flight is carried out by close interaction between the aviation and air traffic control services, the mechanism of which must be constantly improved in order to achieve the required level of safety.

1.6.1.5. Issues of interaction between AB and ATC services:

Identification and control of aircraft movement in order to ensure aviation security;

Providing favorable flight conditions for an aircraft subjected to an act of unlawful interference;

Exchange of necessary information between the aircraft crew and ground air traffic control units in order to ensure aviation security,

Air traffic control in the event of an emergency involving acts of unlawful interference.

1.6.1.6. Types of communications used to ensure aviation security.

One of the tasks of ensuring aviation security is to prevent (take preventive measures) cases of emergency situations associated with acts of unlawful interference, or to suppress them, if possible, in the early stages of development. The successful solution of this problem depends on the prompt transmission of the necessary information through reliable communication channels.

In order to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of aviation security measures taken, the AB service uses different kinds and means of communication:

Departmental and city telephone network;

Internal production loudspeaker communication (IGC), production radio communication system;

In-office radio communication system;

System of long-distance telephone, telegraph and fax communications;

Other means of communication that facilitate the prompt transfer of necessary information.

The aviation security measures developed by each airport provide for the use for these purposes of existing main and backup communication channels for information exchange.

Information of varying degrees of efficiency and importance (including classified information) is transmitted through various communication channels organized in advance between the bodies and departments responsible for ensuring aviation security.

If an act of unlawful interference occurs, officials and competent authorities interested in ensuring aviation security are immediately informed according to the specific notification scheme established by practice at each airport.

1.6.2. Regulations on the aviation security service of the airport (airline enterprise). Structure of the aviation security service.

The Air Code of the Russian Federation defines an airport as: a complex of buildings and structures that includes an airfield, an air terminal, and other structures intended for the reception and dispatch of aircraft servicing air transportation and aviation personnel and other workers having the necessary equipment for these purposes. An aviation enterprise is a legal entity, regardless of its form of ownership, whose main objectives are to carry out, for a fee, the air transportation of passengers, baggage, mail, and cargo...

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Introduction

The purpose of this work is to reflect the structure of regulatory documents on the organization of airport activities, including brief general provisions on the scope of application of the main documents. It is obvious that the structure of the regulatory field of the Russian Federation has a complex, systemic structure and consists of several levels.

System of regulatory documents of the Russian Federation

Rice. 1 .

Constitution of the Russian Federation
Federal constitutional laws
Federal laws	Codes (codes of laws) Special laws General laws
Laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation

I level

Level II BY-LAW Acts of the Chambers of the Federal Assembly

ACTS Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation

Decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation

Regulatory acts of federal bodies
executive power are published in the form:

Level III ACTS of local regulations
orders
state authorities of orders

Instructions

Which are entered:

IV level ACTS Municipal Rules

Position

Management

Instructions

Level V Documents of enterprises and other norms. acts

The fundamental law of our state, a special normative legalThe act that has the highest legal force is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which, together with Federal laws (Codes, Special, General laws) and Laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, constitutes the first level of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation. The following are the by-laws:acts of the chambers of the Federal Assembly, Decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, Regulatory acts of federal executive authorities. The third level includes acts of local government bodies, the fourth and fifth - acts of municipal bodies and documents of enterprises, respectively. The structure of the regulatory and legal field of the Russian Federation is clearly shown in Fig. 1. More details about specific documents regulating airport activities will be discussed in the main part of the work. First you need to determine the subject of airport activity, what exactly it is. The Air Code of the Russian Federation determines airport like:

a complex of buildings and structures, including an airfield, an air terminal, and other structures intended for the reception and dispatch of aircraft, servicing air transportation and having the necessary equipment for these purposes, aviation personnel and other workers.
Aviation enterprise- a legal entity, regardless of its form of ownership, whose main goals of its activity are to carry out air transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo, mail and (or) perform aviation work for a fee.
In turn, activities related to servicing on a commercial basis aircraft, passengers, cargo and mail at airports will constituteairport activities.
Airport activities include the following types of support:

Aerodrome
Electrical lighting
Shturmanskoe
Radio engineering and aviation telecommunications
Air traffic control
Aviation Engineering
Aviation Security
Services for passengers, baggage, checkpoints, cargo
Search and rescue
Meteorological
Metrological (recommended)

Each type of support that airport activities include has its own regulatory documents, an introduction to which is outlined below.

State regulation in the field of G A

In general, state regulation of civil aviation activities begins withMinistry of Transport of the Russian Federation:

Federal executive body in the field of transport, which carries out the functions of developing state policy in the field of civil aviation, use of airspace, maritime, inland waterway, railway, road, urban electric and industrial transport, road facilities, ensuring the safety of navigable hydraulic structures, ensuring transport security, registration of rights to aircraft, and organizations traffic in terms of organizational and legal measures for traffic control on roads.

In turn, he is in charge ofFederal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviation):

Federal executive body performing the functions of providing public services and managing state property in the field of air transport (civil aviation), use of the airspace of the Russian Federation, air navigation services for users of the airspace of the Russian Federation and aerospace search and rescue, functions of providing public services in the field of transport security in this area, as well as state registration of rights to aircraft and transactions with them.

Another body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation isThe Federal Service for Supervision of Transport (Rostransnadzor), which is the central apparatus and has its own structural divisions.
The Department of State Supervision of Activities in Civil Aviation of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport carries out control (supervision) functions in the field of civil aviation, use of the airspace of the Russian Federation, air navigation services for users of the airspace of the Russian Federation (except for aerospace search and rescue). Abbreviated name of abbreviation State Aviation Supervision.

The Federal Air Navigation Service is under the leadership of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Rosaeronavigatsiya- a specially authorized federal executive body that carries out the functions of implementing state policy, legal regulation, control and supervision, as well as providing public services and managing state property in the field of use of the airspace of the Russian Federation, air navigation services for users of the airspace of the Russian Federation and aviation space search and rescue.

All of the above executive authorities exercise control and regulation of the activities of the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation, therefore, regulatory documents on the organization of airport activities are approved or prepared by these bodies, depending on the type of activity.

Licensing and certification of airport activities.

The legal basis for the use of the airspace of the Russian Federation and activities in the field of aviation is established by the Air Code of the Russian Federation (AC RF).
State regulation of the use of the airspace of the Russian Federation and activities in the field of aviation is aimed at ensuring the needs of citizens and the economy in air transportation, aviation work, as well as ensuring the safety of aircraft flights, aviation and environmental safety.
All types of aviation activities are required to comply with the Air Code. However, each type of activity is regulated by its own federal laws and federal aviation regulations, GOSTs and OSTs.

A necessary condition for organizing airport activities is the licensing procedure, in order to prevent, identify and suppress violations by a legal entity, its director and other officials, an individual entrepreneur, and its authorized representatives of certain requirements. According to Federal Law No. 99 of May 4, 2011 “On licensing of certain types of activities”:

Licensing is activities of licensing authorities in granting and re-issuing licenses(special permit for the right to carry out a specific type of activity),the validity of licenses is provided for by federal laws, the implementation of licensing control, the suspension, renewal, termination and cancellation of licenses, the formation and maintenance of a register of licenses, the formation of a state information resource, as well as the provision of information on licensing issues in the prescribed manner;

In the field of aviation, the following types of activities are subject to licensing:

development, production, testing and repairaviation technology;
activity for the carriage of passengers by air (except for the case if the specified activity is carried out to meet the own needs of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur);
activity for the transportation of goods by air (except for the case if the specified activity is carried out to meet the own needs of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur).

Thus, airport activities are subject to mandatory licensing, which is regulated by Federal Law No. 99, Article 9 of the RF CC.

Another important stage in organizing airport activities is certification. Certification of airports is carried out on a voluntary basis and is regulated by the Federal Aviation Rules “Certification of Airports. Procedures.”, approved and put into effect by Order of the Federal Military Service of the Russian Federation dated April 24, 2000 No. 98 (FAP No. 98). They establish the procedure for mandatory certification and certification requirements for airports as facilities intended for the reception and dispatch of aircraft, air transportation services and aviation work.
Certification of airports, legal entities carrying out airport activities, activities carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation to confirm the compliance of airports and their facilities with established requirements and aimed at:

creating conditions for the effective operation of air transport in the Russian Federation;
ensuring flight safety and preventing acts of illegal interference in the activities of the airport, safety for life, health and property of the population;
environmental protection;
protection of the interests of the state, society and its citizens from dishonesty of aviation enterprises and other legal and individuals, whose activities are related to the provision of air transportation and aviation work at the airport.

Airport facilities and equipment subject to mandatory certification include:

Aerodromes;
Airfield lighting system;
Airfield lighting equipment;
Radio equipment;
Objects of radio navigation, radar, aviation telecommunications;
Search and rescue equipment;
Aviation security equipment;
Technical means used in aviation fuel supply technologies;
Ground aviation equipment;
Materials for operational and technical maintenance and restoration of artificial airfield surfaces;
Aviation fuels and lubricants and special liquids.

According to these particular aviation rules (clause 1.5), airport activities include 13 types of support described above.

Classification of regulatory documents on the organization of airport activities

All data in this section defining the types of collateral are written in accordance with clause 1.5 of FAR No. 98. And also the documents specified in this section do not contradict the CC of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Aviation fuel supply for air transportation

a set of measures aimed at ensuring the operation and maintenance of aircraft with quality aviation fuels and lubricants and special liquids (reception, storage, preparation and delivery for refueling, refueling aircraft with aviation fuels and lubricants and special liquids).

This type of security is regulated by the followingregulations:
FAP-89 “Certification requirements for aviation fuel supply organizations for air transportation”, approved by Order of the Federal Service for Military Transport of Russia dated April 18, 2000 No. 89.

The rules contain certification requirements that apply to organizations wishing to carry out or are carrying out aviation fuel supply for air transportation, regardless of the form of ownership and departmental affiliation, namely the following work:
- acceptance of aviation fuels and lubricants and special liquids (hereinafteraviation fuels and lubricants) to the airport warehouse;
- storage of aviation fuels and lubricants;
- preparation and delivery of aviation fuel and lubricants for refueling;
- refueling of aviation fuels and lubricants into aircraft.

GOST R 52906-2008 “Aviation fuel supply equipment. General technical requirements".

The standard applies to new or modernized models of ground equipment intended for aviation fuel supply for air transportation. It defines the basic principles and trends for increasing the competitiveness of equipment, ensuring the safe implementation of technological processes for refueling aircraft with aviation fuel and special liquids, compliance with fire safety and environmental protection rules, taking into account the specifics of use in ordinary operating conditions in various climatic zones of the Russian Federation.

Carrying out quality control of aviation fuels and lubricants

a set of measures to control the quantitative and (or) qualitative characteristics of the properties of aviation fuels and lubricants at the stages of aviation fuel supply for air transportation.

Regulations:
FAP-126 “Certification requirements for fuel and lubricants laboratories”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Military Technologies of Russia dated October 7, 2002 No. 126.

The rules contain certification requirements that apply to organizations wishing to carry out or carry out control and analysis of the quality of aviation fuels and lubricants, regardless of their form of ownership and departmental affiliation.

" Management on the reception, storage, preparation for refueling and quality control of aviation fuels, lubricants and special liquids at the enterprises of the military aviation of the Russian Federation”, approved by the order of the Department of Transport of the Russian Federation dated October 17, 1992 No. DV-126.

The manual, developed by the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation, is a regulatory and technical document on the reception, storage, quality control and preparation of aviation fuels and lubricants for refueling aircraft and helicopters in the fuel and lubricants services of airline enterprises of the Department of Air Transport (DVT) of the Russian Federation, which includes a fuel and lubricants laboratory.

NGSM RF-94).

The manual for the fuel and lubricants service determines the basic provisions and general rules for organizing the work of the fuel and lubricants service to provide enterprises with fuels and lubricants, refueling aircraft, operating structures and equipment, quality control of fuels and lubricants and special fluids, labor protection and fire safety, personnel training, and advanced training.

"Management on technical operation of warehouses and facilities for fuels and lubricants of civil aviation enterprises" dated July 27, 1991 N 9/I

The guide consists of 3 parts:

Part I. Warehouses of fuels and lubricants, O individual service facilities and structures G fuels and lubricants;
Part II. Refueling means;
Part III. Labor protection and fire safety,

And it contains requirements for the operation of the main buildings, structures and equipment of fuel and lubricant warehouses intended for the reception, storage and delivery of fuels and lubricants for refueling, requirements for refueling means, labor protection and fire safety.

Airfield support

a set of measures to maintain the airfield of the airfield in constant operational readiness for take-off, landing, taxiing and parking of aircraft.

Regulations:
FAP-121 “Certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities for aerodrome flight support”, approved by Order of the Federal Service for Military Transport of Russia dated May 6, 2000 No. 121.

The rules contain certification requirements that apply to organizations wishing to carry out or are carrying out activities for aerodrome support for civil aircraft flights on domestic and international airlines of the Russian Federation, regardless of their form of ownership and departmental affiliation.

FAP - 19 . "Certification of ground aviation equipment." (approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated February 20, 2003 N 19).
“Manual for the operation of civil airfields of the Russian Federation, approved by DVT VT dated April 19, 1994 No. DV-98, ( REGA RF-94).

The manual is intended for the relevant services, authorities and officials responsible for and operating civil airfields.
This document provides the basic provisions, technological features and recommendations for the operation of elements and structures of airfields. It contains links to the rules and regulations governing the requirements for aerodrome support for aircraft flights.

“Guide to the organization of work and maintenance of special vehicles at airports in the Russian Federation” ( ROROS -95 ).
Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated July 13, 2006 No. 82 “On approval of instructions for organizing the movement of special transport and mechanization equipment at civil airfields of the Russian Federation.”
Recommended standards for equipping airports with special vehicles for the operational maintenance of airfields, technical and commercial maintenance of aircraft.
NGEA USSR).

The standards for serviceability of civil airfields in the USSR (NGEA USSR) contain state flight safety requirements for civil airfields and include Standards, Recommendations and Appendices.

Methods for assessing compliance with the standards of suitability for operation in the USSR of civil airfields ( MOS NGEA USSR)

Electrical lighting support

a set of measures for lighting support for takeoff, approach, landing and taxiing of aircraft and the centralized supply of electricity to airport facilities.

Regulations:
FAP-149 “Certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities for electrical lighting support of flights”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 149.

The rules establish certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities in electrical lighting support for flights, regardless of their organizational and legal form, form of ownership and departmental affiliation.

FAP-119 “Placement of markings and devices on buildings, structures, communication lines, power lines, radio equipment and other objects installed to ensure the safety of aircraft flights” was established by the Federal Air Navigation Service on November 28, 2007.
“Guide to electrical lighting support for flights in civil aviation of the Russian Federation” ( RUESTOPGA-95).

The management determines the purpose of services or specialized ESTOP enterprises that operate lighting equipment and power supply facilities at airports and a list of requirements for them to ensure flight safety.

Navigation support

a set of measures carried out at the stages of organization, preparation and execution of flights and aimed at creating conditions for safe, accurate and economical air navigation.

Regulations:
Federal Law No. 22 "On navigation activities" dated February 4, 2009
FAP-128

The rules establish requirements for preparing an aircraft and its crew for flight, providing and performing flights in civil aviation, as well as air navigation services for flights in the Russian Federation.

The main documents of aeronautical information for aircraft crews, ATS units and officials organizing and supporting flights are:

collection of Russian air traffic service routes;

collections of aeronautical information of the Russian Federation.

Radio engineering and aviation telecommunications

a set of organizational and technical measures carried out by the relevant services of airlines, state enterprises for the use of airspace (AVP) and air traffic control (ATC), other legal entities and aimed at ensuring the safety of flights of civil aviation aircraft, as well as a set of measures to organize intra-airport (industrial and technological) telecommunications, technical maintenance of warning and passenger information systems, security and fire alarms and special technical means (STS), computer equipment.

Regulations:
FAP 270 "Radio technical support for flightsand aeronautical telecommunications.Certification requirements", approved By order of the Director of the FAS Russiadated August 31, 1998
FAP-115 “Radio technical support for aircraft flightsand aviation telecommunications", established by FANS Order dated November 26, 2007.
FAP-128 "Preparation and execution of flights in the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation", fromapproved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 31, 2009 (Part VIII.Flight support, clause 8.9).
Management for aeronautical telecommunications(RS GA-99 ), established by the Order of the Federal Military Service of the Russian Federation dated July 15, 1999 No. 14.
For this type of security, there are many regulatory documents in the form of rules, instructions, manuals, instructions, etc. You can get acquainted with them from the listbasic documents related to the activities of the ERTOS service (Operation of radio equipment for flight support and aviation telecommunications).

Providing air traffic services (control)

a set of measures for flight information, advisory, air traffic control services (control), as well as emergency notification.

ATC is not is the structure of the airport, the organization and management is carried out by the state corporation of unified air traffic management systems (US ATM).

Regulations:
FAP 293 " Organization of air traffic in the Russian Federation" dated November 25, 2011, as amended (approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation).

The rules are mandatory for execution in the Russian Federation by users of the airspace of the Russian Federation, ATS units providing air traffic services in the zones and areas established for them, other bodies and organizations involved in supporting aircraft flights, with the exception of users of airspace and flight control bodies of state aviation and experimental aviation in the airspace allocated for these types of aviation, where these Rules are mandatory for servicing air traffic of civil aircraft.

FAP-116 “Certification of objects of the Unified Air Traffic Management System”, approved. by order of the Federal Air Navigation Service of November 26, 2007

Each EU ATM center also has its own regulatory documents that air traffic controllers adhere to when working.

Aviation engineering support

A set of measures for timely and high-quality technical maintenance of aircraft.

Regulations:
FAP 145 "Organization of maintenance and repair of aviation equipment", approved. By order of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation dated February 19, 1999, as amended. Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated August 13, 2007
FAP-128 "Preparation and execution of flights in the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation", fromapproved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 31, 2009 (Part VIII.Flight support, clause 8.5).
Position "

The Regulations determine the procedure for engineering and aviation support for aircraft flights of airlines, airlines, institutions, organizations of the Russian Air Force operating on international airlines, in accordance with the Manual on Flight Operations (NPP GA) and the Manual on the Technical Operation and Repair of Aviation Equipment in Russia (NTERAT) GA), and is also a document on the basis of which, in accordance with the Guidelines for certification procedures for aircraft operators in the Russian Federation (Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 1993 N 106)

GOST RV 52396-2005

The standard establishes color graphic schemes for painting the external surfaces of maintenance equipment used in operating organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and at enterprises of the Federal Air Transport Agency.

Ensuring aviation security

a set of security measures aimed at ensuring the safety of passengers and crews of aircraft. Prevention of acts of illegal interference in the activities of Civil Aviation.

Regulatory documents on the organization of aviation security can be divided into 3 levels:

International legal acts, ICAO documents
State level
Industry level.

Since the purpose of this work is to review the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, but you need to start from the second level, taking into account that the laws and government regulations adopted by the state authorities of the Russian Federation should not contradict the international treaties and conventions adopted by our country.

Aviation security has received great attention from the Government; this type of aviation activity is regulated by many legislative acts, ranging from articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Code of the Russian Federation “On Administrative Offenses” (dated December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ), Federal Law No. 150 “On Weapons” (dated 12/13/96), Federal Law No. 35 “On countering terrorism” (dated 03/06/06), on penalties for terrorism, and acts of illegal interference in general, includingFederal Law No. 16 “On Transport Security” (dated 02/09/2007) as amended in accordance withN 15-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on issues of ensuring transport security” dated 02/03/2014.(with amendments and additions, entered into force on May 6, 2014) until Presidential Decrees“On urgent measures to improve the effectiveness of the fight against terrorism” (dated October 13, 2004 No. 1167), “On measures to improve state regulation in the field of aviation” (dated September 11, 2009 No. 1033)and government regulations“On approval of the Rules for the protection of airports and their infrastructure facilities” (dated February 1, 2011 No. 42), “List of positions of aviation personnel of the Russian Federation” (dated 07.10.98 No. 749-DSP), “On the Federal system for ensuring the protection of civil aviation activities from acts of illegal interference" (as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 22, 1997 No. 462, dated March 6, 1998 No. 291, dated May 14, 2003 No. 282). (dated July 30, 1994 No. 897).

As well as industry documents such as:

FAP 142 “Aviation security requirements for airports” (approved. by order Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated November 28, 2005 N 142)with change and additional dated January 31, 2008
FAP 104 "

The rules establish the procedure for pre-flight and post-flight inspections of passengers and baggage, including items carried by passengers, aircraft crew members, civil aviation personnel, aircraft on-board supplies, cargo and mail.

Joint Instruction of the Ministry of Transport of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated April 24, 1996 No. DV-59/I - 1/7450 “On the interaction of the airport aviation security service and the department of internal affairs in air transport.”
Instructions on the procedure for transportation by civil aviation aircraft of weapons, ammunition and cartridges for it, special equipment transferred by passengers for temporary storage during the flight. Approved by joint order of the FSVT of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated November 30, 1999 No. 120/971.
Manual on the security of aircraft and civil aviation facilities. Put into effect by order of the DVT of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated August 26, 1993 No. DV-115 (NOVSO GA-93).
Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated May 19, 2006 No. BK-50-R “On the organization of security of airports (except international) and their infrastructure facilities by departmental security of the Ministry of Transport of Russia”
Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated April 18, 2008 No. 62 “On approval of the Aviation Security Program for Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation” (as amended on March 10, 2011).

The airport, on its own, has the right to ensure security in the sterile areas of the terminal and during the inspection and security of aircraft. Now security is provided by VOKhR (militarized security). Ensuring aviation security is a type of activity to which especially great attention will always be paid, because when it comes to terrorism and there are acts of illegal interference in aviation activities, we're talking about about preserving not just the peace of citizens, but also about preserving their lives.

Search and rescue support

a set of measures aimed at organizing and carrying out immediate and effective search, rescue and fire fighting operations to rescue passengers and crews of aircraft in distress or in distress, providing assistance to victims and evacuating them from the scene of the incident. In the event of disasters or incidents, SPASOP performs only initial search and rescue actions; the SPASOP dispatcher immediately notifies the Russian Medical Emergency Service about the incident.

Regulations:
Federal Law No. 151 “On emergency rescue services and the status of rescuers”, dated 08/22/1995.
Federal Law No. 60 “On fire safety”, dated December 21, 1994.
Federal Law No. 68 “On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies”, dated December 21, 1994.
Federal Law No. 123 “Technical regulations on fire safety requirements”, adopted on July 22, 2008.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On a unified system of aerospace search” dated 08/23/07. No. 538
FAP 530 “Search and Rescue in the Russian Federation” dated July 15, 2008. As amended. and additional From December 17, 2009, January 25, 2011
Government Decree “On licensing activities in the field of fire safety”, dated October 25, 2006. No. 625.
Government Decree “On the fire safety regime” dated April 25, 2012 No. 390.
Guidelines for search and rescue support of civil aviation flights (RPASOP GA-91), approved. by order of the MGA dated March 28, 1991. No. 65;
“Recommendations for extinguishing fires on aircraft at civil aviation airfields”, approved. MGA 12/11/1990 No. 21/i.
Order No. 361 “On the implementation of the Regulations on departmental fire protection of the PASOP Service of FAS Russia”, dated December 11, 1998.
FAP -128 . “Preparation and execution of flights in the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation” at approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 31, 2009 (Part VIII.Flight support, clause 8.15).

Meteorological support

a set of measures to obtain and timely communicate to officials of aviation enterprises and airports the meteorological information necessary to fulfill their duties.
The weather service is not an airport service; it is under the control of Roshydromet, and I work at airports according to an agreement.

Regulations:
FAP -60 “Providing meteorological information to support aircraft flights”, approved. By order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 3, 2014.
(NMO GA-95).

The Manual includes the main regulatory provisions contained in Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, the Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the 1995 amendments thereto.

Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation
dated February 16, 2009 No. 48On approval of the Unified Qualification Directory of positions of managers, specialists and employees, section “Qualification characteristics of positions of hydrometeorological service employees».

Providing services for passengers, baggage, cargo, mail

a set of organizational and technological measures that allow boarding (disembarking) passengers, processing, storing baggage, mail and cargo, loading (unloading) baggage, mail and cargo on board (from board) an aircraft for the purpose of transporting them to their destination according to the stated route subject to the conditions of aviation safety and flight safety.

Regulations:
FAP-150 “Certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities to provide services to passengers, baggage, mail and cargo”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 150.

The rules establish certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities to provide services to passengers, baggage, cargo and mail when performing internal and international air transport, regardless of the organizational and legal form, form of ownership and departmental affiliation.

FAP-82 « General rules air transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo and requirements for servicing passengers, shippers, consignees”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated June 28, 2007 No. 82. (ed.

The rules apply when carrying out domestic and international air transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo on flights according to the aircraft schedule and additional flights, and flights under an aircraft charter agreement.

Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated June 17, 2008. No. 92 “The procedure for admitting carriers with appropriate licenses to perform international air transportation of passengers and (or) cargo.”
OST 54-1-283.01-94 “The quality system for air transportation and passenger service. Services for passengers on board aircraft of domestic airlines of the Russian Federation. Primary requirements".
OST 54-1-283.02-94 Quality system for air transportation and passenger services “Services provided to passengers at airports.”
OST 54-1-283.03-94 Quality system for air transportation and passenger services “Services provided to passengers when selling air transportation.”
OST 54-3-59-92 Quality system for air transportation and passenger service. "Conditions of cargo transportation."
OST 54-4-283.01-93 “Conditions of cargo transportation (basic requirements). Organization of air transportation. Freight transportation. Execution order."

Cargo transportation has a number of nuances, so according to International Association ICAO civil aviation, more than half of the materials transported by all modes of transport are classified as “hazardous”.

Dangerous goods - substances or products that, when transported by air, are capable of creating a significant threat to the health and safety of people,
properties that are classified in accordance with established rules.
All dangerous goods are listed in the ICAO Dangerous Goods List and Technical Instructions ( Doc 9284 AN/905).

The list of normative and legal documents regulating the transportation of dangerous goods by air is divided into three levels:
1) International; 2) State; 3) Industry.

When transporting dangerous goods, carriers also adhere to international documents, however, in this work only RF regulations will be considered.

State regulatory documents:
Federal Law No. 150 “On Weapons” dated December 13, 1996 (as amended on December 31, 2014)
Federal Law No. 170 “On the use of atomic energy” dated November 21, 1995. (with changes and additions)
Federal Law No. 3 “On radiation safety of the population” dated January 9, 1996 (with amendments and additions)
Federal Law No. 52 “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” dated March 30, 1999. (with changes and additions);
Radioactive safety standards ( NRB-99/2009) SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09;
Sanitary rules for radiation safety of personnel and the population during transportation of radioactive materials (substances). SanPiN 2.6.1.1281-03
Basic sanitary rules for ensuring radiation safety ( OSPORB-99/2010) SP 2.6.1.2612-10
GOST 19433-88 “The cargo is dangerous. Classification and labeling", approved. Decree of the State Standard of the USSR dated August 19, 1988. No. 2957;
GOST 26319-84 “The cargo is dangerous. Packaging" ex. From 04.10.2004
Industry regulations:
FAP-141 “Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods on civil aviation aircraft”
MGA guidelines 1991 N 195/U “Basic procedures related to the air transportation of dangerous goods performed by the USSR Armed Forces”
Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated 02.10.02 N PR-13r “On introducing amendments to the order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated September 20, 2002.” N NA-348r".

Conclusion

Airport activities are associated with the commercial servicing of aircraft, passengers, cargo and mail at airports, and therefore is a complex system process.To approve and organize it, the state adopts legal acts that undergo certain changes from year to year, both in content and form, but their essence and strategy remain unchanged. The entire system of air law, acting as a regulator of relations arising during the operation of civil aircraft, is used as a form of state management of civil aviation activities, and primarily to ensure the safety and regularity of flights. The main document establishing the legal basis for the use of the airspace of the Russian Federation and activities in the field of aviation is the Air Code of the Russian Federation, written in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. All by-laws, includingregulatory legal acts of federal executive authorities, which are issued in the form of orders, directives and resolutions, and introduce Rules, Regulations, Instructions, Guidelines, are written in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and should not contradict it. When considering the organization of airport activities, special attention should be paid to such by-laws as the Federal Aviation Rules, which regulate all types of operations that it includes. As for state and industry standards, they exist for certain types of software. Basic information on the types of support that airport activities include is contained in FAP No. 98 “Certification of airports. Procedures".

After a detailed consideration of the regulatory framework, it can be argued that at the present stage, air law is designed to ensure the smooth functioning of all parts of airport activity in the interests of the commercial component while unconditionally maintaining air transport safety. This result is achieved by influencing the legal field on certain, most significant areas of public relations in the field of airport activities.

List of information sources

Air Code of the Russian Federation;
Federal Law No. 99 dated May 4, 2011 “On licensing of certain types of activities”;
FAP No. 98 “Airport certification. Procedures.”, dated April 24, 2000;
FAP-89 “Certification requirements for aviation fuel supply organizations for air transportation”, dated April 18, 2000.
FAP-126 “Certification requirements for fuel and lubricants laboratories”, dated 10/07/2002;
FAP-121 “Certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities for aerodrome flight support”, dated 05/06/2000;
FAP-149 “Certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities in electrical lighting support for flights”, dated June 23, 2003;
FAP-128 "Preparation and execution of flights in the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation",dated July 31, 2009 (Part VIII.Flight support, clause 8.3).
FAP 293 " Organization of air traffic in the Russian Federation” dated November 25, 2011, as amended;
FAP 104 " Rules for pre-flight and post-flight inspections"dated July 25, 2007 (Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation).
FAP-150 “Certification requirements for legal entities carrying out airport activities to provide services to passengers, baggage, mail and cargo,” dated June 23, 2003.
FAP-82 “General rules for air transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo and requirements for servicing passengers, shippers, consignees,” (ed.);
Guidelines for electrical lighting support of flights in civil aviation of the Russian Federation" ( RUESTOPGA-95).
Operation manual for civil airfields of the Russian Federation, dated 04/19/94 No. DV-98, ( REGA RF-94)
“Guidelines for the receipt, storage, preparation for refueling and quality control of aviation fuels, lubricants and special liquids at enterprises of the Russian Federation Aircraft Industry”, dated October 17, 1992 No. DV-126.
« Guidelines for the technical operation of warehouses and facilities for fuels and lubricants of civil aviation enterprises" dated July 27, 1991 N 9/I
Position " On engineering and aviation support for flights of aircraft of the Russian Federation on international airlines and abroad"(as amended by Orders of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation dated 04/08/1998 N 102, dated 12/22/2000 N 160).
Manual on meteorological support for civil aviation(NMO GA-95).
Manual on the service of fuels and lubricants at VT ( NGSM RF-94).
Standards for serviceability of civil airfields in the USSR ( NGEA USSR).
GOST R 52906-2008 “Aviation fuel supply equipment. General technical requirements
GOST RV 52396-2005 “Means for maintenance and flight support of aircraft. Colorographic schemes."
http://pmtu.aviainform.ru/drupal/node/91Tyumen MTU VT FAVT;
http://komimtuvt.ru/normativnye_dokumentyKomi MTU VT FAVT

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Structure of regulatory documents on the organization of airport activities. Formation of the airport structure Summary load sheet

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DISPATCHER is an official who carries out operational control and management of production units for the implementation of technological operations related to ensuring the daily plan and regularity of flights.

The main ground handling activities of the airport, airlines and concessionaires are carried out in the area of ​​the apron, where aircraft parking areas are located and most aircraft ground handling procedures are carried out.

Platform - area where aircraft are located for loading, unloading, maintenance and doses A correcting aircraft with fuel and oils.

* unloading and loading of baggage transported in the aircraft compartment

* unloading and loading of cargo and mail

* procedures for managing and monitoring loading operations to ensure correct alignment of the aircraft

* eliminating waste and restocking the aircraft kitchen in-flight meals

* engineering support procedures for checking systems and maintaining aircraft

* cleaning passenger cabins and servicing aircraft toilets

* refueling aircraft with aviation fuel, oils and water

* change and briefing of the aircraft crew

* disembarkation and subsequent boarding of passengers on the aircraft

* providing aircraft with electricity and air conditioning

air during the period of shutdown of its own systems

All of the above actions must be carried out in accordance with the technological schedule, based on choosing the optimal time for this.

A failure in the timing of one procedure can seriously affect the performance of other procedures within the time intervals allocated for them in the technological maintenance schedule for a given aircraft type.

In the event of a group failure of aircraft parking services, ATC actions may be required to delay arriving aircraft in the airport's airspace or even divert their routes to other airports.

Thus, the apron requires strict adherence to the time allocated in the technological schedules for aircraft ground handling.

6. Technological groupAfic. Purpose, classification

Technological schedules are developed according to aircraft types and the purpose of the flight.

It is most convenient for practical work to use a time-based technological schedule for preparing an aircraft for departure in the form of a table that reflects the sequence of the main works and services of the performers for servicing the initial, final, transit and return flights.

A variation of TG by aircraft type is that the preparation of aircraft that use containers for transporting cargo, mail and luggage differs from that where loading is carried out in bulk (in bulk).

The main difference between TG aircraft maintenance is the use of technology.

There is also a difference in the technological schedules for the maintenance time of one or another type of aircraft. For example, during autumn-winter navigation, anti-icing liquid “Arktika” is used, with which the planes of the fuselage and the stabilizer of the aircraft are treated.

The processing time for TU-154 and IL-96 by TG is the same - 15 minutes, during which time the service and passengers began boarding the IL-96 5 minutes earlier. Consequently, the time for “dousing” and starting the engines is longer.

The technological schedule contains:

- data on the names of performers (special vehicles);

- name of work (commands that are performed by services and divisions);

divisions of the airport, airlines);

- responsible services for the execution of work;

- serial number of technological work;

- sequence of operations when preparing an aircraft for departure;

- time of start and end of aircraft maintenance work (before departure);

- duration of work performed by airport maintenance services

Aircraft on the apron.

7. Supervisor responsibilities

· coordination of work during technical and commercial maintenance of aircraft on the apron;

· control over the timeliness of operations during aircraft maintenance in accordance with the technological schedule;

· management of loading and unloading operations on the aircraft in accordance with the loading scheme, taking into account the order of unloading at intermediate ports, taking into account the peculiarities of loading dangerous, valuable and urgent cargo;

· ensuring that luggage, cargo and mail are secured in cargo compartments;

· cessation of work on aircraft preparation in the event of an emergency that affects flight safety and threatens the lives of passengers.

- Loading the aircraft and securing cargo are part of the commercial support of the aircraft at the initial airport.

The main task of this stage of commercial support of the aircraft is its timely loading in strict accordance with the centering schedule (CG) and reliable securing of cargo, which is a guarantee of flight safety.

The complexity of loading work is determined by:

* the nature of the cargo (light, small-sized or heavy and large-sized cargo, mail in standardized packaging);

* the presence of appropriate means inside the airfield and on-board mechanization of loading operations;

* ease of access and access to cargo compartment hatches. The general procedure for loading an aircraft is as follows:

The structure of the airport is formed depending on its equipment, functions and the volume of planned work. Depending on this, the airport’s structural divisions can be created:

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Licensing and certification of airport activities.

Classification of regulatory documents on the organization of airport activities

Conclusion

List of information sources

The main ground handling activities of the airport, airlines and concessionaires are carried out in the area of the apron, where aircraft parking areas are located and most aircraft ground handling procedures are carried out.

* ease of access and access to cargo compartment hatches.
The general procedure for loading an aircraft is as follows: