Nature reserve “Sparrow Hills. Panorama of Vorobyovy Gory (nature reserve). Virtual tour of Vorobyovy Gory (nature reserve). Sights, map, photo, video

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Sparrow Hills- a natural reserve covering the territory of the historical area "Sparrow Hills". It was founded on July 21, 1998.

A specially protected natural area of ​​the city of Moscow, the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve, was formed for the purpose of preserving, restoring and developing the Natural Complex of Moscow by Decree of the Moscow Government of July 21, 1998 No. 564 “On measures to develop the territories of the Natural Complex of Moscow.”

Vorobyovy Gory is one of the the most beautiful places in Moscow. The high right bank of the Moscow River has always attracted visitors with its dense forest, complex terrain and wonderful panorama overlooking the river.

The natural reserve is located on the slopes of the Sparrow Hills. Area 106 hectares. Three decorative ponds and an area of ​​natural broadleaf forest have been preserved. Old linden forests predominate, there are areas of birch forests, and a fragment of black alder. There are springs, damp lawns and low-lying swamps. Typical forest grasses have been preserved, including ferns, sedges, ranunculus anemone, European hoofweed, perennial woodweed, and there are also corydalis, nettle-leaved bellflower, lily of the valley, lungwort, multiflorous rosemary, and others. Moles, squirrels, hobby falcons, ravens, blackbirds, nightingales, green warblers and others live here. Three ecological trails have been created (“On the slopes of the Vorobyovy Gory”, “Andreevsky Ponds” and “On the terraces of the Vorobyovy Gory”), as well as a children’s menagerie. Vorobyovy Gory is one of the Moscow “seven hills”. They are a steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, formed by the erosion of the Moscow River. They are located on the right river bank, opposite the Luzhnikovskaya bend. It got its name from the village of Vorobyovo located here. Vorobyovy Gory stretches from the mouth of the Setun River to the Okruzhnaya St. Andrew's Bridge railway. Maximum height- 220 meters, above the river edge - 80-100 meters. The slope facing the river is dissected by a network of deep ravines. In the 17th century, St. Andrew's Monastery was founded at the foot of the eastern part of the Sparrow Hills. In 1817, on the site of the royal palace XVII century, the first Cathedral of Christ the Savior was founded as a monument to the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. In 1924-1991, the Vorobyovy Gory was called Leninsky Gory in memory of V.I. Lenin. In 1949-1953, in the area of ​​the Lenin Mountains (at an altitude of 196 meters), a new complex of Moscow State University buildings was built and an observation deck was built. In addition to the nature reserve, on the Sparrow Hills there are buildings of the presidium and a number of institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The wooded slopes of the Sparrow Hills and embankments, built in 1958-1961, are a place summer holiday Muscovites. Since 2012, the embankments of the Moscow River have been part of the Central Park of Culture and Culture named after. Gorky.

The Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve is located on the high right bank of the Luzhnetskaya bend of the Moscow River.

Vorobyovy Gory is a ledge of the Teplostanskaya Upland rising 70 meters above the river's edge. The high and steep slope of the river valley is dissected by deep gullies descending to the Moscow River itself.

A characteristic feature of the reserve is the widespread development of landslide terraces. Almost the entire length of the Vorobyovy Gory is covered with old broad-leaved forest. The roots of powerful trees reliably secure steep slopes from washout and erosion. Under the forest canopy, among other herbaceous plants, there are lilies of the valley, bluebells, lungwort, corydalis, and broad-leaved napkin.

The fauna of the park is quite diverse: squirrels and moles, nightingales and warblers live here. The long-eared owl, raven and gray owl are listed in the Red Book of the city of Moscow.

There is no other specially protected natural area in Moscow where a natural broad-leaved forest with its characteristic flora and fauna has been preserved so close to the city center.

People lived on the Sparrow Hills already in the Stone Age. In the thickness of the sediments, scientists find the remains of settlements of the Dyakovo culture (early Iron Age). It is believed that this place was named Sparrow Hills after the village of Vorobyovo, which Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna, wife of Grand Duke Vasily I of Moscow, bought from Kirill Voroba (nephew of boyar Andrei Kobyla). Since then, the village has become a palace. Here Ivan the Terrible fled from a fire in 1547, and in the middle of the 17th century Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich lived with his family. On the territory of the natural reserve there are St. Andrew's Monastery and Mamonova Dacha - famous monuments of history and culture.

The Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve is under the jurisdiction of the State Autonomous Institution of Culture of the city of Moscow " Central Park culture and recreation named after M. Gorky."

Western part of the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve

This is one of the most beautiful places in Moscow. The high right bank of the Moscow River has always attracted visitors with its dense forest, complex terrain and wonderful panorama overlooking the river. Remains of settlements of the Dyakovo culture (early Iron Age) were found here.

This place has been called the Sparrow Hills since the 15th century. The wife of Moscow Prince Vasily I, Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna, bought the village from a local priest, popularly nicknamed Sparrow. Since then it has become a palace.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the father of Peter the Great, lived on the Sparrow Hills with his entire family, and later young Peter came here. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, on the high bank of the river stood two wooden churches, there was a garden and a large birch grove. The last royal palace on Sparrow Hills was built for
Catherine II.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the wooden mansions fell into disrepair and were dismantled. To this day, only the Trinity Church (1811), which once stood on its outskirts, has survived from the village of Vorobyovo.

In 1812, the architect A.L. Vitberg assumed that the slope would descend in three terraces from the top of the mountain to the river. But in 1827 construction was stopped because... During the excavation work, it became clear that landslide processes were underway. In 1827, young Herzen and Ogarev took an oath on Vorobyovy Gory to fight for the freedom of the people until the end of their lives. A stele was erected on a high slope in memory of the revolutionaries.

In the October days of 1917, the Red Guards installed heavy artillery on the Sparrow Hills and began shelling the Kremlin. From 1935 until the early nineties, Vorobyovy Gory was called Leninsky Gory. After the construction of the new MSU building in 1952 Lenin's mountains became a symbol of Soviet science. The nature of the Sparrow Hills is unique. Due to the danger of landslide processes, they successfully avoided intensive development and largely preserved their natural appearance. The Vorobyovy (Lenin) Mountains were declared a natural monument in 1987, and in 1998 they became part of a specially protected natural area - the Vorobyovy Gory State Nature Reserve.

Southwestern administrative District, Gagarinsky district;
Western administrative district, Ramenki district.

Directions:

› metro station "Sparrow Hills";
› metro station "Leninsky Prospekt" or Art. MCC "Gagarin Square", 5-10 minutes on foot;
› metro station "Leninsky Prospekt" or Art. MCC "Gagarin Square", Tb 7 to the stops "4th Vorobyovsky proezd", "City Palace of Creativity - metro station. “Sparrow Hills”, “Observation Deck”, “University Square”, “Kosygina Street”, “Academy of Foreign Trade”.

The natural reserve is located on the slopes of the Sparrow Hills. Area 106 hectares.

Three decorative ponds and an area of ​​natural broadleaf forest have been preserved. Old linden forests predominate, there are areas of birch forests, and a fragment of black alder. There are springs, damp lawns and low-lying swamps. Typical forest grasses have been preserved, including ferns, sedges, ranunculus anemone, European hoofweed, perennial woodweed, and there are also corydalis, nettle-leaved bellflower, lily of the valley, lungwort, multiflorous rosemary, and others. Moles, squirrels, hobby falcons, ravens, blackbirds, nightingales, green warblers and others live here. Three ecological trails and a children's menagerie have been created.

Vorobyovy Gory is one of the Moscow “seven hills”. They are a steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, formed by the erosion of the Moscow River. They are located on the right river bank, opposite the Luzhnikovskaya bend. It got its name from the village of Vorobyovo located here. Vorobyovy Gory stretches from the mouth of the Setun River to the Andreevsky Bridge of the Circular Railway. The maximum height is 220 meters, above the river's edge - 80-100 meters. The slope facing the river is dissected by a network of deep ravines. In the 17th century, St. Andrew's Monastery was founded at the foot of the eastern part of the Sparrow Hills. In 1817, on the site of the 17th-century royal palace, the first Cathedral of Christ the Savior was founded as a monument to the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. In 1924-1991, the Vorobyovy Gory was called Leninsky Gory in memory of V.I. Lenin. In 1949-1953, in the area of ​​the Lenin Mountains (at an altitude of 196 meters), a new complex of Moscow State University buildings was built and an observation deck was built. In addition to the nature reserve, on the Sparrow Hills there are buildings of the presidium and a number of institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The wooded slopes of the Sparrow Hills and embankments, built in 1958-1961, are a summer vacation spot for Muscovites.

Since 2012, the embankments of the Moscow River have been part of the Central Park of Culture and Culture named after. Gorky

Based on materials from the encyclopedia “Moscow. All cultural and historical monuments."
M., Algorithm, 2009.

The “specially protected natural area” Vorobyovy Gory was unlucky to be in the center of Moscow. The outcome was predictable, but that doesn’t make it any less sad...

First, a little history:

In 1987, the Vorobyovy (Lenin) Mountains were declared a natural monument of a geological nature with unique landforms, outcrops and springs. The territory of the Sparrow Hills is “protected by law”:

“A specially protected natural area of ​​the city of Moscow, the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve, was formed for the purpose of preserving, restoring and developing the Natural Complex of Moscow by Decree of the Moscow Government of July 21, 1998 No. 564 “On measures for the development of the territories of the Natural Complex of Moscow.”

Objectives of the nature reserve:

Preservation of historical, cultural and natural complexes;

Preservation and restoration of valuable objects and territories that are habitats of rare, endangered or vulnerable species of plants, animals, birds or insects in the city of Moscow;

Carrying out research work to study objects of special protection of the Vorobyovy Gory natural reserve;

Creating conditions for maintaining the recreational potential of territories within the city;

Restoration of disturbed landscapes, biogeocenoses, natural, historical and cultural complexes and objects."

Today we will take a walk through the Sparrow Hills and see how well these tasks are being accomplished.

Just 15 years ago it was truly an almost virgin forest park, in which rare plants grew and rare animals lived. Even cycling competitions were prohibited there under the pretext that it could cause harm natural environment habitats of rare species of grasshoppers.

The arrival of the new “owners” of the Sparrow Hills in 2011 was marked by the famous statement that bad cyclists caused damage to the reserve worth a million dollars (33 million rubles). Ah ah ah!

Under the auspices of the fight against cyclists, Vorobyovy Gory began to be "improved". That is, plowing with heavy equipment, cutting down trees and bushes. In 2013, paths were laid there, which made the park more convenient for pedestrians, but caused hundreds of times more harm to the park’s ecosystem than all cyclists, because... ATVs, tractors and trucks drove throughout the park.

This winter, the improvement continued: all the paths were illuminated. But at what cost! Firstly, for this they dug trenches along the entire length of the paths. Now tractor ruts half a meter deep, filled with dirty slurry, are visible everywhere.

Hundreds of square meters of fences and some kind of sports facilities appeared here and there. From the Vorobyovy Gory Nature Reserve they turned into an ordinary city park, which is actually understandable if you look at the name of the customer company on this poster.

On the official website of the Vorobyovy Gory environmental center there are the following words:

“According to experts, in order to preserve the natural heritage on the Vorobyovy Gory it is necessary to preserve the territorial integrity of the reserve, limit economic and construction activities here, control the development of erosion and landslide processes, promptly restore disturbed areas and promote the formation of natural plant communities rather than landscape gardens.”

As we see, what is happening now in the reserve contradicts this. But landslide processes, as you will now see, are being studied - but not from a scientific point of view and not for environmental purposes...

On the very slope where rare grasshoppers lived, there are now heavy vehicles and drilling rigs - geological surveys are being carried out to study landslide slopes.

The research is being carried out by order of the Moscow City Construction Department, which has its own plans for Vorobyovy Gory. Now we're talking about about betting on observation deck Sparrow Hills is a giant monument to Prince Vladimir.

My value judgment: Vorobyovy Gory as a nature reserve, nature reserve, forest park is over, now it’s just a city park, with smooth paths instead of paths, artificial lighting, football fields, etc.

I really hope that as a fly in the ointment, the administration the parka will do towards cyclists, and will legalize all existing bicycle trails, as well as promote the construction of new ones. Because otherwise it will be rare duplicity...

But Vorobyovy Gory is still a pity.

The western part of the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve (89.82 hectares) is one of the most beautiful places in Moscow. The high right bank of the Moscow River has always attracted visitors with its dense forest, complex terrain and wonderful panorama overlooking the river. Remains of settlements of the Dyakovo culture (early Iron Age) were found here.

This place has been called the Sparrow Hills since the 15th century. The wife of Moscow Prince Vasily I, Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna, bought the village from a local priest, popularly nicknamed Sparrow. Since then it has become a palace.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the father of Peter the Great, lived on the Sparrow Hills with his entire family, and later young Peter came here. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, on the high bank of the river there were two wooden churches, a garden and a large birch grove. The last royal palace on Vorobyovy Gory was built for
Catherine II.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the wooden mansions fell into disrepair and were dismantled. To this day, only the Trinity Church (1811), which once stood on its outskirts, has survived from the village of Vorobyovo.

In 1812, the architect A.L. Vitberg assumed that the slope would descend in three terraces from the top of the mountain to the river. But in 1827 construction was stopped because... During the excavation work, it became clear that landslide processes were underway. In 1827, young Herzen and Ogarev took an oath on Vorobyovy Gory to fight for the freedom of the people until the end of their lives. A stele was erected on a high slope in memory of the revolutionaries. In the October days of 1917, the Red Guards installed heavy artillery on the Sparrow Hills and began shelling the Kremlin. From 1935 until the early nineties, Vorobyovy Gory was called Leninsky Gory. After the construction of the new building of Moscow State University in 1952, the Lenin Mountains became a symbol of Soviet science. The nature of the Sparrow Hills is unique. Due to the danger of landslide processes, they successfully avoided intensive development and largely preserved their natural appearance. The Sparrow (Lenin) Mountains were declared a natural monument in 1987, and in 1998 they became part of a specially protected natural area - the State Nature Reserve "Sparrow Hills".

Improvement and security

To preserve and restore biological diversity, taking into account the need to preserve especially valuable natural objects, zoning has been introduced in protected areas. Each zone, depending on its functional purpose, has a special regime of protection and environmental management. This is the so-called gradation of protected areas based on visiting or not allowing visitors to a specific territory. As for preserving the corners wildlife and at the same time environmental education, then for this purpose in the Nature Reserve “Sparrow Hills” was created ecological trail. The route was laid out so that it was possible to capture the maximum area for viewing the area. To familiarize yourself with the territory, its features, flora and fauna, information boards, gazebos, benches are located along the entire route, for people with disabilities. disabilities The trail is equipped with ramps, railings and Braille tables.

Environmental education

Employees of the environmental education department of the State Budgetary Institution “Management of Protected Natural Areas of the Closed Joint-Stock Company” in their work on environmental education focus on hiking through the territory of the Vorobyovy Gory Nature Reserve. After all, visually perceiving information is much easier and of course more interesting.

Excursions of the State Budgetary Institution “Management of Protected Natural Areas in the Closed Joint-Stock Company” provide good material for developing the education of aesthetic feelings and love for nature. During the excursion, the children observe the surrounding nature, get acquainted with the characteristics of plants and animals, observe forest areas and learn their characteristics. The main goal of the excursion is to form ideas about objects and natural phenomena in a real environment. For city residents, the Sparrow Hills Nature Reserve hosts various environmental and sports events and promotions all year round: “Moscow River - Clean Banks”, “Gift to the City”, “Falling of Good Deeds”, etc. Colorful theatrical excursions are held for preschool children , featuring fairy-tale characters. This interest encourages children to be active. By participating in a fairy tale in the fresh air, the child will no longer pass by the injured animal, he will definitely provide help.

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