Position of the East Siberian Sea within the ocean. East-Siberian Sea. Description and characteristics
East-Siberian Sea marginal sea of the North Arctic Ocean off the northeastern coast of Asia, between the New Siberian Islands and. Wrangel. In the west it borders on the Laptev Sea, connecting with it by the Dmitry Laptev, Eterikan, Sannikov straits and to the north of the island. Kotelny, in the east - with the Chukchi Sea, with which it is connected by the Long Strait and to the north of the island. Wrangel. The northern border runs approximately along isobath 200 m. The sea area within these limits is 936 thousand. km 2. Water volume 42 thousand. km 3. Average depth 45 m, highest - 155 m. The coastline is relatively weakly indented. It forms bays: Chaunskaya Bay, Kolyma Bay, Omulyakhskaya and Khromskaya Bays. There are several island groups in the sea: the Novosibirsk islands (along the border with the Laptev Sea), Medvezhye, Aion and Shalaurov islands. Some islands are composed entirely of fossil ice and sand and are subject to intense destruction. Large rivers flow into the V. m.: Kolyma, Alazeya, Indigirka, Khroma. The coast of the western part of the sea (from the New Siberian Islands to the Kolyma River) is low-lying, while the eastern coast (from the Kolyma River to the Long Strait) is mountainous and steep in places. V. m. is located within the shelf. 72% of its bottom area is occupied by depths less than 50 m. The bed has a leveled relief and slopes gently to the north. In the formation of the relief, the presence of permafrost and fossil ice plays an important role, as well as thermal denudation and the associated leveling of the surface. The southern part is characterized by small trenches - flooded areas of river beds of pre-glacial and glacial times and depressions tectonic origin. Bottom sediments are gray silt, near the coast - silt with sand. The climate is arctic. average temperature air in summer from 0 to 2°C in the north, up to 4°C in the south; in winter it reaches -28°C, -30°C. Precipitation 100-200 mm in year. Continental runoff in V. m. averages 250 km 3 per year (90% in summer) and forms a layer of water equal to 265 mm. The area of desalinated waters (salinity less than 25 ‰) is 340 thousand. km 2, i.e. more than 36% of the total sea area. Influenced river waters The salinity of water in the south varies from 5-10 ‰ to 18-20 ‰. In the north its value is about 30 ‰. The water temperature in summer near river mouths is from 4 to 8°C; in the open sea it quickly decreases to 0 and -1°C. In winter, the temperature under the ice, depending on salinity, ranges from -1.2 to -1.8°C. In the deep layer, the temperature is below -1.5°C, the salinity is about 30 ‰. The currents form a cyclonic gyre; in the northern part the current is directed to the west, in the southern part - to the east. The tides are regular semidiurnal, the amplitude of level fluctuations is from 5-7 cm up to 25 cm. The magnitude of wind fluctuations in some areas may exceed 2 m. IN winter time the entire sea is covered with ice. In summer, in the western part, the coastal zone with a width of several tens of km up to several hundred km; in the eastern part, floating ice usually stays off the coast throughout the summer, moving slightly to the north only under particularly favorable conditions. The coastal waters are home to valuable whitefish (muksun, broad whitefish, omul). Mammals include seals and walruses; found on ice polar bear. V. m. is part of the Northern Sea Route (See Northern Sea Route). Main ports: Pevek (Chaunskaya Bay), Ambarchik (mouth of the Kolyma). The beginning of the exploration of the sea by Russian sailors dates back to the 17th century, when voyages were made along the coast between river mouths on Kochs. In 1648, S. Dezhnev, F. Popov and others made a voyage from the river. Kolyma on the east to the Bering Strait and to the river. Anadyr. In the 18th century The first works were carried out to describe the coast and islands of the V. m., and maps were drawn up. Particularly significant work was done by the participants of the Great Northern Expedition (1735-42). A more accurate inventory of the shores was carried out by the expeditions of P. Anjou (1822) and F. P. Wrangel (1820-24). In the 20th century the maps were updated by K. A. Vollosovich (1909) and G. Ya. Sedov (1909), the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean (1911-14) on the Taimyr ships. After the through voyage of the icebreaker Sibiryakov along the Northern Sea Route (1932), regular voyages of merchant ships were made to V.M. Lit.: Antonov V.S., Morozova V.Ya., Chernyaeva F.A., Hydrology of rivers of the Soviet Arctic, “Tr. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute", 1957, v. 208; Dobrovolsky A. D., Zalogin B. S. Seas of the USSR, M., 1965. East-Siberian Sea.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what the “East Siberian Sea” is in other dictionaries:
East Siberian Sea ... Wikipedia
Geographical encyclopedia
The marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel. Area 913 thousand km². Located on the shelf. The average depth is 54 m, the maximum is 915 m. It is covered with ice most of the year. Salinity from 5. near river mouths to... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
EAST SIBERIAN SEA, marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, between Novosibirsk and about. Wrangel. Pl. 913 thousand km2. Located on the shelf. Wed. depth 54 m, maximum 915 m. Part of the year is covered with ice. Salinity from 5%0 near... ...Russian history
East-Siberian Sea- The Arctic Ocean, off the coast of Russia, between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. Area 913 thousand km2, depth up to 915 m. Large islands: Novosibirsk, Bear, Ayon. Bays: Chaun Bay, Kolyma Bay, Omulyakh Bay. Falling... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
The marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. Area 913 thousand km2. Located on the shelf. The average depth is 54 m, the maximum is 915 m. It is covered with ice most of the year. Salinity from 5‰ near... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
East-Siberian Sea- North Arctic Ocean, between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel. The name was assigned in 1935 by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on the recommendation of the Russian Geogr. about va. Until the beginning of the 20th century. the sea did not have a specific name and was called Kolyma or Indigirka after... ... Toponymic dictionary
East-Siberian Sea- East Siberian Sea, a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. In the west by the Dm straits. Laptev, Eterikan and Sannikova are connected to the Laptev Sea, in the east by the Long Strait with... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
East-Siberian Sea- East-Siberian Sea … Russian spelling dictionary
East-Siberian Sea- (East Siberian Sea)East Siberian Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel, north of Yakutia and Chukotka, Siberian regions of Russia... Countries of the world. Dictionary
Books
- East Siberian Sea, Zonn Igor Sergeevich, Kostyanoy Andrey Gennadievich, Semenov Alexander Vyacheslavovich. The publication is dedicated to one of the smallest Russian northern seas - the East Siberian Sea, which is part of the Arctic Ocean. The encyclopedia contains about 600 articles on hydrographic, geographical…
It is called the harshest among all the northern seas, located at a large distance from warm waters Atlantic Ocean. The East Siberian Sea, which washes the northern shores of Russia in the East, for all its shallowness, is literally freezing.
The sea on the outskirts of the Arctic Ocean is located along northern shores Eastern Siberia between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island, conditionally administrative shores belong to Yakutia and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Most of it is delineated by conventional lines, and only on the side adjacent to Russia did nature create its borders. total area The sea is quite large: 944,600 sq. km, provided that it cannot be called deep (the average is 54 m).
Borders are usually considered at the points of intersection of the meridians with the islands of Kotelny, Wrangel and capes Anisiy, Blossom, Yakan and Svyatoy Nos. There are practically no islands here, all coastline deeply cut into the land or protrudes from the sea and forms large bends, small meanders leading to the mouths of rivers.
As for the nature of the coastline, the eastern one is not at all similar to the western one. Thus, in the area of the New Siberian Islands and the mouth of the Kolyma, there is a tundra dotted with swamps, the terrain is quite flat and low-lying, but closer to the island of Ayon the coast takes on a mountainous landscape. Almost to the shores of the water there are low hills that drop steeply in some places.
The underwater relief is flat and homogeneous throughout the entire territory. Only in some areas there is a depth of up to 25 m. Experts call them the remains of ancient river valleys.
This sea is often called an important section of the trade route through which goods are transported to the northern regions of Eastern Siberia. Works here major port Pevek, he carries out transit movements from the West to the East of the country.
(Sea trade and transport port of Pevek)
The East Siberian Sea can hardly be called a fishing hub in Russia. For the most part, sea animals are hunted here in the waters adjacent to land. Local residents catch European smelt, capelin, cod and herring here. Near river mouths, valuable whitefish sturgeon and salmon are caught. However, this type of activity does not make a serious economic contribution to the development of the country and region.
The East Siberian Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. The sea is connected through straits to the Chukchi Sea and the Laptev Sea. The shores are mountainous and slightly indented. The average depth is 66 meters, the greatest is 358 meters. Most of the year the sea is covered with ice. Salinity ranges from 5‰ near river mouths to 30‰ in the north. The following rivers flow into the sea: Indigirka, Alazeya, Kolyma, Bolshaya Chukochia. There are several bays on the sea coast: Chaunskaya Bay, Omulyakhskaya Bay, Khromskaya Bay, Kolyma Bay, Kolyma Bay. Large islands: Novosibirsk, Lyakhovsky, De Long Islands. There are no islands in the center of the sea.
Already from the name of this natural reservoir it is clear that it is located in the area north coast Eastern Siberia. The boundaries of the sea are mainly represented by conventional lines. Only in some parts is it limited to land. Previously, before the beginning of the 20th century, the sea had several names, including Indigirka and Kolyma. Now it is called East Siberian.
By reading the article, you can find out more detailed information about this body of water: characteristics, climatic conditions. It also describes the resources of the East Siberian Sea and the problems that exist today.
Location
The entire sea is located beyond the Arctic Circle. His most southern point located off the coast of Chaunskaya Bay. All its banks belong to Russian territory. The sea is located in the Arctic Ocean region. This is a place where the influence of the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean is practically no longer felt, and the waters of the Pacific have not yet reached it.
The East Siberian Sea is marginal. It contains the New Siberian Islands (border with the Laptev Sea), Aion, Medvezhye and Shalaurova. The sea itself is located between the Novosibirsk Islands and Wrangel Island. Through straits it connects with the Chukchi and Laptev Seas.
Description and characteristics
In the central and western parts, the banks are sloping, and two lowlands adjoin the coast: Nizhne-Kolyma and Yana-Indigirskaya. The spurs of the Chukotka Highlands approach the coast of the eastern part (east of the mouth of the Kolyma). In some places, rocky cliffs have formed here. On Wrangel Island, on its western coast, they reach up to 400 meters in height. On the New Siberian Islands section, the coastline is monotonous and low-lying. The sea bed is formed by a shelf, whose relief is mostly flat, and it is inclined slightly northeast direction.
More deep places typical for the eastern region. The sea here has a depth of up to 54 meters, in the central and western parts - up to 20 meters, and in the northern regions - up to 200 meters (isobath - the boundary of the sea). The greatest depth of the East Siberian Sea is about 915 meters, and the average is 54 meters. In other words, this body of water is completely within the continental shallows.
The water surface area is 944,600 square meters. km. The waters of the sea communicate with the waters of the Arctic Ocean, and therefore the reservoir belongs to the type of marginal continental seas. The volume is approximately 49 thousand cubic meters. km. Practically all year round the air temperature is below zero, so the sea waters are always covered with drifting large ice floes several meters thick.
Salinity
The East Siberian Sea in the eastern and western parts has different salinity values. Due to the river flow in the eastern part, the salt concentration decreases. This figure here is about 10-15 ppm. At the confluence of large rivers with the sea, salinity practically disappears. Closer to the ice fields, the concentration increases to 30 units. There is also an increase in salinity with depth, where it can reach 32 ppm.
Relief
The coastline has large bends. In connection with this, the sea in some places pushes the boundaries of the land deeper into the continent, and in some places, on the contrary, the land protrudes far into the sea. There are also areas with an almost flat coastline. Small meanders are mainly found at river mouths.
The east and west coasts have very different topography. The coast washed by the sea from the mouth of the Kolyma to the New Siberian Islands has an almost monotonous landscape. The reservoir in these places borders swampy tundra. The banks here are flat and low.
A more diverse landscape is observed on the coast formed east of the Kalyma River, but mountains predominate here. The sea to the island of Aion is bordered by small hills, some of which have rather steep slopes. The Chaunskaya Bay area is characterized by low, steep banks.
A large area of the seabed is covered with a small sedimentary cover. Islands in the East Siberian Sea are few in number. Most of them are formed due to the foundation. Based on research results (aeromagnetic surveys), it was determined that the composition of shelf sediments mainly includes sandy silt, pebbles and crushed boulders. There are suggestions that some of them are fragments of islands. They are spread throughout the territory by ice. To a greater extent, due to the predominance of flat terrain, the depth of the East Siberian Sea is only 20-25 meters.
Hydrology
Almost the entire year the reservoir is covered with ice. In the eastern areas, even in summer you can see perennial floating ice. They are driven away from the coast by continental winds to the north. Ice drifts in a northwesterly direction due to the circulation of water, which is affected by anticyclones at the North Pole.
The area of the cyclonic circulation increases, and multi-year ice floes enter the sea from polar latitudes after the weakening of the anticyclone. To date, the current system in this reservoir has not been fully studied. But we can say with confidence that the water circulation of these places is characterized by a cyclonic character.
This reservoir, in comparison with other representatives of the Arctic Ocean basin, is characterized by not very high river flow. The rivers of the East Siberian Sea are few in number. The most large river, flowing into the sea - Kolyma. Its drainage is approximately 132 cubic meters. km per year. The second in this same characteristic is the Indigirka River, which brings in half the volume of water over the same period. All this has little effect on the overall hydrological situation.
The average annual precipitation is from 100 to 200 mm. Due to the absence of trenches in the sea with great depths and due to the fact that a significant area is represented by shallow water, surface waters occupy vast spaces.
Climate
In winter, the East Siberian Sea is influenced by southern and southwestern winds. Their speed is approximately 7 meters per second. Also in winter, the Siberian Maximum has a great influence on the sea climate. Pacific cyclones, prevailing in the southeastern parts of the sea, bring blizzards, strong winds and rather cloudy weather with constant drizzling rain or sleet.
Flora and fauna
The fauna and flora of the East Siberian Sea are similar to the fauna and flora of the neighboring Laptev Sea, since both are typically arctic. The same mammals and birds, the same fish as in many other northern seas. Seals, narwhals, bearded seals and walruses live here. Polar bears inhabited the islands. These places are loved and a huge amount nesting birds. You can meet geese here: white-fronted and bean geese. Also inhabited are the crested eider and the rather rare black goose. Large markets of birds gather: kittiwakes, gulls, guillemots.
The hunting of sea animals and fishing in coastal waters is carried out only by local residents. It should be noted that in areas of the river mouths here you can find large schools of white fish. The phytoplankton of the sea is represented by blue-green algae and diatoms. Sometimes pteropods and tunicates appear. The soil is replete with polychaetes, amphipod crustaceans and isopods. Representatives of mammals are beluga whales, seals, walruses and cetaceans (especially minke whales).
The resources of the East Siberian Sea in terms of flora and fauna are relatively poor. This is due, first of all, to rather harsh climate conditions. Only the most frost-resistant representatives took root in these places.
In conclusion about the problems
The problems of the East Siberian Sea are similar to those of most northern seas. For several years, the biological resources of the region, especially whales, have been destroyed. Today, this has led to a significant reduction in the number of these mammals, as well as the extinction of some species.
A global problem is the melting of glaciers, which negatively affects the local fauna. Mention should also be made of the results of human activity (development of hydrocarbon deposits), which negatively affected the condition of the reservoir.
This is the Arctic sea, part of the. Located near Eastern Siberia. Entirely located above the Arctic Circle. Its boundaries are almost everywhere conditional lines. Only in the south is the sea limited to the mainland. It is connected through straits to the Chukchi Sea.
The area of the sea is 913 thousand sq. km. The depth is small and averages 54 meters, the maximum is 915 meters.
The shores are indented by bays (Kolyma Bay, Omulyakhskaya and Chaunskaya Bay). West Coast The mainland is flat, the eastern part is mountainous with cliffs.
A few islands form groups: the New Siberian Islands, the Bear Islands, and the Shalaurov Islands. Some islands are being destroyed because they are made entirely of sand and ice.
Rivers flowing into the sea: Lapcha, Khroma, Kolyma, Alazeya, etc. 
This sea is completely located on the shelf, as a result of which its bottom is a plain, gradually descending to the north. There are no significant elevations or depressions; the depth almost everywhere does not exceed fifty meters.
Climate on the East Siberian Sea arctic, influenced by air masses of two oceans: and. Winter is characterized by clear weather with temperatures down to -30 degrees. Summer is gloomy, cold and windy, with precipitation in the form of sleet and rain quite often. In winter, almost the entire sea is covered with ice; in summer, the coastal part in the west is free of ice; in the east there are floating ice floes.
In the expanses of water East Siberian Sea There are whitefish (such as omul, muksun). Mammals are represented by seal, walrus, and polar bear.
The famous Northern Sea passes through the East Siberian Sea Sea route. The most important ports are Pavek and Ambarchik.
The Greenland Sea is one of the marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean.
The sea, with an area of 1205 thousand sq. km, is located between the islands of Bear, Spitsbergen, Iceland, Greenland and Jan Mayen. The average depth of this sea is 1641m, while the maximum reaches 5527m.
The bed of the Greenland Sea is a large basin, which is limited in the east by the Mon and Knipovich ridges, and in the south by the Greenland-Iceland threshold.
The climate of Greenland [...]