What is the temperature at the highest peak. The dizzying height of Everest. Chomolungma - name

I remember from my school geography course that Everest is the most high mountain on the ground. I associate it with the adventure series of the same name. I was very impressed by this film. I wouldn't risk climbing to such a great height. To be honest, I wouldn’t even climb 2 km up, let alone 8.

What is the absolute height of Everest

I think that not every climber will want to conquer this mountain. Her beauty is amazing, but it is not safe. Only professional climbers can attempt Everest. This mountain is still called "Mountain of Death". But despite this, it attracts many tourists. This mountain has three namesI:

Everest– from English;
Chomolungma– from Tibetan;
Sagarmatha– from Nepali.

All these titles stands for "Mother of the Universe" . Absolute altitude Everest above sea level is 8848 m . For a long time scientists could not determine the exact height of this mountain. Back in the 19th century, the Chinese gave a figure of 8844 m. The Nepalese began to prove that this was an inaccurate height, and that it was 4 meters higher.

Located giant mountainin the Himalayas, on the border between Nepal and China. Have you seen the video about Chomolungma? Do you know what she looks like? The shape of the mountain is similar to a pyramid. The slopes are very steep, and there is always eternal ice at the top. The mountain itself composed of sedimentary rocks. As evidence of this, scientists have repeatedly found fossils of sea animals and shells.

Due to the enormous height of Chomolungma in our time is one of the little-explored mountains. Conquering its slopes is difficult and unsafe. Do you know what:

on the top of the mountain Temperatures in winter can reach -60 °C. IN summer time temperaturedoes not rise above 0 °C;
wind speed at the top 200 m/s(a hurricane is considered to be a wind of 30 m/s);
scientists prove that 450 million years ago the summit of Everest was under the oceansA;
the mountain continues to grow. Over the year its height increases by 4 millimeters A;
climbers climb the mountain near three months. During this time they lose more than 10 kilograms.

In Nepal there lives a man who has conquered the “top of the world” 21 times, and at the very top, which was once the seabed, amazing spiders live. The mountain is still growing, it has not even two, but four official names and is not, by the way, the highest in the world.

(Total 10 photos)

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1. Himalayan spiders

Even high in the mountains, where there is barely enough oxygen to breathe, we cannot hide from spiders. Euophrys omnisuperstes, better known as the Himalayan jumping spider, hides in the nooks and crannies of Everest, making it one of the highest living creatures on Earth. Climbers found them at an altitude of 6700 meters. These spiders are able to feed on almost anything that can fly so high. With the exception of some species of birds, these are the only living creatures that permanently live at such an altitude. True, in 1924, during the British expedition to Everest, a previously unknown species of grasshoppers was found here - now they are on display in the British Museum of Natural History.

2. Record for climbing Everest - 21 times

Appa Tenzing, also known as Appa Sherpa, was able to reach the top of the world 21 times. His first ascent took place in May 1990, after three earlier unsuccessful attempts. Apparently, having learned all the secrets of climbing, Appa continued to conquer Everest every year - from 1990 to 2011. He repeatedly emphasized that the effects of global warming are clearly visible in the mountains. Appa is concerned about the melting snow and ice making it more difficult to climb the mountain, and about the safety of his people after his home village was flooded by a melting glacier. Appa made his last four ascents of Everest as part of environmental expeditions.

Conquering Everest is not as romantic as it might seem at first glance. Thanks to the significant development of the tourism industry, there has been a significant increase in the number of climbs to the world's highest mountain. So, in 1983, only 8 people reached the top, and in 2012, 234 people got there in just one day. It is not surprising that when conquering Everest, traffic jams and even fights occur. So, in 2013, climbers Ueli Steck, Simon Moreau and Jonathan Griffith got into a fight with the Sherpas after the latter asked them to stop climbing. Sherpas accused the climbers of causing an avalanche. An argument began, which on emotions escalated into a brutal fight using stones. Things got to the point of death threats, but the climbers returned to base camp, where the rest of their “colleagues” took their side. Even the Nepalese army had to intervene in the incident - then both sides of the conflict signed an agreement on its peaceful settlement.

4. 450 million years of history

Although Himalayan mountains formed about 60 million years ago, their history begins much earlier. 450 million years ago, limestone and rocks were part of sedimentary layers that lay below sea level. Over time, the rocks on the ocean floor gathered together and began to move upward at a rate of 11 centimeters per year. Fossils of sea creatures can now be found at the top of Everest. They were first discovered in 1924 by guide Noel Odell - thus proving that the summit of Everest was once under water. The first rock samples from the world peak were brought back by Swiss climbers in 1956 and by a team from America in 1963.

5. Height Controversy

What is the exact height of Everest? It depends on which country you are on. China stated that it is 8844 meters, while Nepal claims 8848 meters. This dispute arose because China believes that the height should only be equal to the height of the rock, excluding meters of frozen snow from the total. Whether this is true or not remains a double-edged sword, but the international community still includes snow in the height of the mountain. China and Nepal reached an agreement in 2010, finally establishing the official height of 8,848 meters.

6. Everest is still growing

According to the latest measurements, both China and Nepal may be wrong about the height. In 1994, a research team discovered that Everest continues to grow at 4 millimeters per year. The Indian subcontinent was originally an independent piece of land that collided with Asia to form the Himalayas. But the continental plates are still moving, and the heights of the mountains are rising. American researchers in 1999 installed special equipment that allows them to monitor its changes. Their more accurate measurements could lead to the official height of the mountain being changed to 8,850 meters. Meanwhile, other tectonic activity causes Everest to shrink, but the results combine to still keep it growing.

7. Everest has several names

Most of us know the mountain under the names Everest and Chomolungma. The last name comes from Tibet, which means “Divine (qomo) mother (ma) of life (lung).” But these are not the only names by which the mountain is known. So, in Nepal it is called Sagarmatha (“Forehead in the Sky”), and it itself is part of the Nepalese Sagarmatha National Park. The mountain owes its name to Everest to the British surveyor Andrew Waugh, who was unable to find a single generally accepted name even after carefully studying all the maps of the surrounding area and communicating with its inhabitants. Andrew decided to name the mountain in honor of the geographer who worked in India, George Everest, the leader of the British team that first explored the Himalayas. Everest himself refused such an honor, but nevertheless, British representatives in 1865 changed the name of the mountain. Previously, it was simply called the 15th pick.

8. Traffic jams of people

Climbing Everest will cost anyone several thousand dollars, but the number of those eager to conquer the peak is steadily growing. In 2012, German climber Ralf Dujmowitz took a photo of hundreds of people queuing to climb. By the way, due to bad weather and a long line, Ralph had to turn back at one of the passes called the South Col. And on May 19, 2012, those who wanted to climb to the top of the mountain were forced to stand in line for about two hours - 234 people climbed Everest in one day. However, on the same day, four people died during the ascent, which raised certain concerns about the safety of conquering the summit, and specialists from Nepal installed railings that help combat congestion. The issue of installing a staircase at the top is currently being discussed.

There are many photographs showing the beauty of Everest from all possible angles, but there is also the other side of the coin: photographs huge amount debris left behind by climbers. According to some estimates, there are about 50 tons of waste of various origins on Everest, and their amount grows in proportion to the number of visits. On the slopes of the mountain you can see used oxygen cylinders, climbing equipment and other waste from climbers. In addition, the mountain is “decorated” by the bodies of dead climbers - due to difficulties in transporting them, victims of unfortunate circumstances remain lying on the slopes. Some of them serve as landmarks for other climbers. Thus, Tsewanga Palzhora, who died in 1996, “marks” an altitude of 8500 meters and even received the nickname “Green Shoes” - for his noticeable bright green shoes. Since 2008, a special environmental expedition (Eco Everest Expidition) climbs the mountain every year, the purpose of which is to combat pollution of Everest. On this moment Thanks to this expedition, more than 13 tons of waste were collected. In 2014, the Nepalese government introduced a new rule according to which each climber must bring at least 8 kilograms of waste with him when descending the mountain - otherwise the $4,000 deposit will be lost. There is also the Everest 8848 creative project: its artists turned 8 tons of waste into 75 works of art, even using the remains of broken tents and beer cans. In this way they are trying to draw attention to the pollution of the mountain.

10. Everest is not the tallest mountain on Earth

Despite the assigned title, in fact Everest is not the most high mountain in the world. Mauna Kea, an inactive volcano in Hawaii, rises “only” 4,205 meters above sea level, but another 6,000 meters of its base are hidden under water. When measured from the ocean floor, its height is 10,203 meters, which is almost one and a half kilometers more than Everest.

Everest is also not the most “convex” point on the planet. Dormant volcano Chimborazo in Ecuador reaches an altitude of 6,267 meters above sea level, but is only one degree from the equator. Since our planet is slightly thicker in the center, the sea level in Ecuador is located further from the center of the Earth than in Nepal, and it turns out that Chimborazo is, in terms of stereometry, the highest point on Earth.

The magnificent landscapes of Mount Qomolungma are mesmerizing. The highest mountain is covered with glaciers, which give rise to many mountain rivers and streams, and its top is hidden in a fantastic haze. The nature around Everest is amazingly beautiful. The Asian Queen of the Mountains constantly attracts risk-seekers, mountaineers, rock climbers and ordinary travelers who love real wild nature.

The world's highest mountain rises among the glaciers of the Himalayas. Everest is a mountain with a height of 8848 meters, and this is an absolute record. The place where the ancient peak settled is located on the border of Nepal and China, at the intersection with the Tibetan Autonomous Region, but the highest point belongs to the latter country - this is the peak of the Main Himalayan Range.

Queen of the Mountains

The intricate name “Qomolungma” comes from the Tibetan “Divine Mother Life”, which symbolizes the life force or wind. This name is given to the mountain peak in honor of the goddess Sherab Jamma. The Nepalese call the highest mountain in the world differently. “Sigarmatha” is the name of Everest in their language. The translation coincides with the Tibetan version - “Mother of the Gods”. The familiar name “Everest” was proposed by the Englishman Andrew Waugh in 1856. Around the same time, it was determined that Mount Everest had the highest height in the region.

On our planet, pristine places are destroyed every year. Civilization has not reached natural monuments only in rare exceptions, and the object of our attention is one of such reserves. Mount Everest, photos of which were taken in different years, does not change its appearance.

From the Nepal side, the “Mother of the Gods” is covered by two mountain peaks - Nuptse and Lhotse, which are very high. To see the highest mountain in the world, you will have to go quite a distance and climb the crust of Kala Patthar, which rises 5.5 km. Another option is to climb Gokyo Ri, which is almost the same height. Only in this way will you be able to see Everest in all its pristine beauty. Of course, if the mountain stood on a plain, among valleys, alone, it would be easier for us to feel the power of this creation of nature. But having to go the extra mile to get the best angle creates a special atmosphere.

Externally, Mount Everest (the photos show this very well) resembles a somewhat irregular pyramid. The southern slope is at a high angle, so snow and ice cannot stay on it. The bare side gives the mountain a unique look.

Mount Everest is made up of sand and limestone that formerly served as the floor of the Tethys Ocean. It’s impossible to believe, but scientists have proven that the peak used to be hidden under water. Shells and other residual rocks of the seabed are still found on Chomolungma. 60 million years ago, the continent began to move, tectonic plates split, and the Indian lithospheric plate moved north. The collision with the Eurasian plate caused deformation, due to which most of ocean went underground. A rock barrier was formed on which mountains, including Everest, are now located. The Himalayas are still growing because geological processes have not yet stopped.

Because of my ancient history The mountain climate is quite unstable. In the warmest month of July, at the top it is -19 C. In winter, the temperature can reach -60 C. It never gets above zero here. Monsoon winds in summer bring a lot of rain and snow storms, so this is not the best time for climbing.

Animals and plants live here reluctantly. Near the base of Everest there is some grass and low-growing shrubs, lichens, and moss. Himalayan jumping spiders live here, only they can withstand a height of almost 7000 meters above sea level. They eat frozen insects that were brought here by the winds. In addition to spiders, some species of grasshoppers live on the slopes. From 6700 m onwards, only microbes live in the Himalayas. Birds sometimes fly to the top - ducks and jackdaws, which can withstand the test of altitude.

Sacred Mountain of the Sherpas

Among the indigenous population of Tibet you can find Sherpas. This is backgammon, which emigrated from China five centuries ago to the southern side of the Himalaya range. They protect their sacred mountain Chomolungma, because they consider it the abode of gods, demons and spirits.

Local legends say that the Indian preacher Padmasambhava, who became one of the founders of Buddhism, came up with the idea of organizing a competition to see who can climb Everest the fastest. The opponent could not defeat the old man, and left the drum on the mountainside. Now whenever an avalanche comes down from the mountains, local residents they beat the ritual drum, driving out the spirits.

The most amazing records were set precisely local population. Thus, the Sherpa representative Tenzing Norgay, together with E. Hillary, was the first to climb to the top. Two of his compatriots had been there at least 20 times in their entire lives. Pemba Dorje Sherpa spent only 8 hours and 10 minutes on the climb.

Local beliefs for a long time prohibited white people from climbing the mountains. It is believed that Trisul was the first to be admitted in 1907. From this moment the story of the conquest of Everest begins.

Story

The very first climber who decided to conquer Everest was the Indian mathematician Radhanath Sikdar. His profession helped him calculate the height of the sacred mountain, so he went on his journey prepared. Having covered a distance of 240 km, Sikdar proved his calculations. It is worth noting that his research helped the British-Indian Geodesy Service organize an expedition to explore the heights of Chomolungma.

Conquering Everest is an event that has become a proverb. As soon as people found out that this was the highest mountain in the world, they immediately began to conquer it. But the successful ascent took place only on May 29, 1953. E. Hillary and N. Tensing were able to conquer Everest. From that moment on, climbing Mount Chomolungma became a mandatory program for every climber. This is a difficult path that can often end tragically. Along the way, professionals face oxygen deficiency, low temperatures, heavy winds, and frostbite. This dangerous look extreme sports, which is often abandoned after the first stop at the beginning of the journey.

Soviet climbers conquered Everest in 1982. For five days (from May 4 to May 9), 11 of our compatriots courageously fought with nature. A new unique record was also achieved - the first ascent at night. The path to Everest, the mountain, altitude and slope directly affect the difficulty of the climb, the Soviet athletes made along their previously untrodden path - on the southwestern slope. One of the expedition members climbed without an oxygen tank, which equates to a mortal risk.

Everest is a mountain whose height has been set for several decades. Finally, accurate measurements appeared only in the middle of the 20th century. Chinese researchers announced a figure of 8848 meters. It must be said that in 1998 other data appeared. American scientists using a navigation system determined that Everest is 2 meters higher than previously thought. Italian surveyors are generally inclined to consider the height of Everest to be 8872 meters, that is, 11 m higher than the original assumptions. Modern science accepts the Chinese point of view.

Whatever the true height of Chomolungma, not everyone succeeds in conquering its peak. The last few hundred meters are considered especially difficult. On this part of the route, most climbers give up, having changed their minds about risking their health. Retreating, of course, is a shame, but the very fact of the attempt is highly valued in the circles of mountain lovers. According to statistics, only one attempt out of 10 is successful.

Tourism

Despite the fact that man has not yet reached local nature, V last years A nature reserve has opened around the mountain. Visit National Park Sagarmatha is possible for everyone who does not have the opportunity to climb the most high point peace. It is also very beautiful here.

Over the course of 50 years, almost 3,000 climbers from different parts of our planet reached the top of Everest. Mount Chomolungma is treacherous; during the ascent, many people were hit by an avalanche and died from hypothermia and lack of oxygen. Modern equipment, oddly enough, does not yet save climbers from the real risk of not reaching the top.

These days, this type of extreme tourism is gaining increasing popularity. Many amateurs cannot even imagine how difficult it is to climb Mount Everest, the photo of which and the initial climb do not seem very difficult. Overcoming yourself, fighting your own fears - this is the main motive for climbing. Those who climb the mountain out of pure vanity will not succeed. Climbers say mountains sense intent and respond with proud challenges.

It is worth noting that the residents of Nepal earn good money thanks to the tourism sector, but they treat new people with a considerable amount of mistrust. They realize that sacred mountain capable of killing anyone, but they still enjoy the flow of tourists. And people are attracted by the desire to test their strength.

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The highest mountain on our planet, Everest, is called differently - Chomolungma and Sagarmatha. She is located among eternal snow Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and Tibet. Its peak attracts tens of thousands of climbers and ordinary extreme travelers. And many, of course, are interested how many km is Mount Everest in height.

How many kilometers is Mount Everest amounts to

This mountain received its name in 1865. At that time, the Englishman George Everest served as the chief surveyor of India. He made the greatest contribution to the study of Mt.

Exactly, how many km is Everest is, it was named in 1852, 8.8 kilometers or 8848 meters. The neighboring mountains are even quite high - about eight kilometers each, but it was D Chomolungma that turned out to be the highest. The author of the exact height is Andrew Waugh, student and successor of George Everest.

One more thing. The highest on the planet were formed about twenty million years ago due to the fact that the seabed rose. The process of layering of rocks does not stop today; every year Everest, along with all the Himalayas, rises by five centimeters. So perhaps when our descendants ask, how many km is Mount Everest, they will hear a completely different answer.

Some interesting facts about Chomolungma

About this amazing beautiful mountain you can find a lot interesting information in the Internet. Here are some of them:

Every year about five thousand people climb Everest;
the ascent of one person costs about 50 thousand dollars;
having climbed to the peak of a mountain, a climber loses from ten to twenty kilograms;
The first woman to conquer Everest was the Japanese woman Junko Tabei (climbed the mountain in 1976).

The most difficult section on this mountain is the last three hundred meters. This section is called the longest mile on the planet. Here climbers do not have the opportunity to protect each other, since this area has a very steep slope covered with snow.

If you are interested in information, how many km is Mount Everest, you might also be curious to know that at the highest point of this mountain the wind speed is about two hundred kilometers per hour, and the air temperature is about 60 degrees below zero. This mountain is also called the mountain of death. About two hundred people died during the ascent to the peak of Everest. Most often, people died due to extreme cold, lack of oxygen, avalanches, heart problems, and so on.

Updated: June 21, 2016 by: Punisher

Description of Everest

Everest, or Chomolungma, or Sagarmatha- this is the highest peak globe 8844 m high, located in the Himalayas and is part of the highest mountain range in the world. It is located on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region), but the peak itself lies on Chinese territory.

Divine Mountain Jomolnugma

Chomolungma - translated from Tibetan means "Divine". The Nepali name for Chomolungma is Sagarmatha- means "Mother of the Gods." The English name Everest was given in honor of Sir George Everest, head of the British Indian Survey from 1830 to 1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by J. Everest's successor, Andrew Waugh, when it was discovered that this peak was the highest in the region and in the world. Goraya is partly part of national park Sagarmatha in Nepal.

Conquest of Sagarmatha

Everest was first seen in the 30s of the last century, and it has been conquered since 1921. But all attempts ended either in failure or completely tragically. The first ascent of the mountain was made on May 29, 1953 by travelers Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary.

How to get to Everest?

Since the opening of the peak, more than 4,000 people have climbed Chomolungma along the easier southern slope, located in Nepal, or along the northern slope, starting in Tibet.

The trip to Everest begins in the Nepalese capital Kathmandu. From here climbers go to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and from there they go on foot to the camp at the foot of Everest. It is worth remembering that due to the difficult political situation between China and Tibet, visiting the Tibet Autonomous Region is permitted only with special permission from the Chinese authorities, and from time to time it may even be prohibited. The cost of climbing Everest ranges from $10,000 to $65,000 and is charged by the country from which the climb is made. The cost of climbing from Tibet is cheaper.

At the top of Everest, winds blow from 200 kilometers per hour or up to 55 meters per second, and the temperature drops to -60 Celsius at night. At the top of the mountain there is practically no air suitable for breathing, so the ascent is made with special oxygen equipment. Every year about 200-500 people try to conquer Everest, and the number of people who visit the mountain is several thousand per year. Climbing to the top of Everest takes about two months, including acclimatization and setting up camps. Weight loss after climbing is on average 10-15 kg, but sometimes more.

Deaths on Everest

Over fifty years, more than two hundred people died on the slopes, and the overall mortality rate of all those who died while climbing was 11%. In May 1996, due to a snowstorm that broke out on the southern slope of Chomolungma, 5 people died at once. On April 18, 2014, an avalanche killed 13 people and left 3 missing.