Dictation my native land, I am an experienced hunter. Repetition of what was learned in VIII grade. Control dictation for the year
Our land is rich. IN earth's crust people discovered huge deposits of iron, copper, coal, and oil. They have no price, these treasures. For example, coal is fuel, electricity, millions of working machines, chemists have learned to obtain paints and rubber, explosives and medicine, perfumes and plastics from it. It is impossible to imagine life without coal.
And all the most valuable things on Earth are still land, soil. They say about the land - fertile. She will bear fruit. Everything we have, grains and potatoes, apples and bananas. Plants give people clothing, housing, that is, everything they need for life. (M. Lyashenko.)
I won’t believe anyone that there are boring places on our Earth that don’t provide any food for the eye, the ear, or the imagination. Only by exploring some piece of our country can you understand how good it is and how our hearts are attached to every path, even to the timid squeaking of a forest bird (K. Paustovsky.) (133 words)
Note. Emphasize heterogeneous definitions.
Autumn
1. On the reddish grass, on the blades of grass, on the straws, countless light threads of autumn cobwebs glittered and waved everywhere. (T.) 2. The golden grove dissuaded me with its cheerful tongue. (Es.) 3. I prefer to go to the forest on quiet, cloudy days, even if from time to time a light, quiet rain begins to fall.
It’s even more pleasant to go into the forest on an autumn day with a piercing cold wind.
There is nothing to do either on the river or in the field at this time. . . On such a day, you enter the forest as if you were walking from the street into a warm, cozy home. . . But actually there would be mushrooms. . .
It is joyful to return home with a full basket in the rain, in the cold sharp wind, and in a thunderstorm.
But how awkward it is to walk through the entire village, carrying an empty box!
Whenever a hunter, fisherman or mushroom picker returns empty, he is annoyed to meet people who will look into a bucket, bag, basket.
In mid-autumn, at the end of September, and in October, sometimes surprisingly clear weather sets in. No wind. In the morning, cold dew falls on the grass, burning your feet... (Sol.) (151 words)
I. Since ancient times, Rus' has been famous for its skilled builders. Russian people skillfully laid out houses and outbuildings, built fortresses and temples. Look at the old wooden houses that have been preserved in our cities and villages. How reasonable, durable and beautiful everything about them is. How much ingenuity, skill and imagination the masters showed when creating them.
Even greater skill was required from builders to erect structures made of stone; in many Russian cities stone buildings have been preserved, worthy of our surprise and admiration. These include fortress walls and towers, and commercial buildings. (D. Likhachev.)
II. Sometimes at night Tchaikovsky heard the crackling sound of first one floorboard and then the other. It was reminiscent of an orchestra before an overture, when the orchestra members were tuning their instruments, then here and there - either in the attic, or in a small hall, or in a glassed-in hallway - someone would touch a string.
Tchaikovsky caught the melody in his sleep, but forgot it in the morning. He strained his memory and sighed: what a pity that now he couldn’t listen to the simple song of a parched tree, window panes with fallen putty, the wind knocking a branch on the roof. (K. Paustovsky.) (156 words)
Exercise. Name the musical works of P. I. Tchaikovsky. In what city is the composer’s museum located?
Starting work on the sculptural portrait of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, I acquired a series of photographic cards on which the great writer was depicted in different years life. I was amazed at how different Chekhov the student was from Chekhov the doctor and writer in his period of creative maturity.
In ten years, Anton Chekhov's face has turned into something so beautiful that any discerning artist will think for a long time before deciding to tell people about this smartest and kindest person in a painting or sculpture portrait. . . Yes, the developing inner world of a person is most decisively reflected in a person’s features, in the expression of his eyes, in his entire appearance, including gait and posture. Studying the same photographs, I fully realized that Chekhov’s words: “Everything in a person should be beautiful—face, clothes, soul, and thoughts”—is not a common wish for contemporaries and descendants. The ideal was not only outlined in words, it existed in Chekhov himself. (S. Konenkov.) (148 words)
Tasks. 1. Tell us what you know about the sculptor S. Konenkov (see). 2. Select photographs of your favorite writer at different periods of his life and tell us how his inner world is reflected in them.
Three hundred years ago in a small Italian city In Cremona, on St. Dominic's Square, there stood an old two-story house. The pavement in front of him was always covered with straw to muffle the sound of passing carriages. In the second floor window, morning, afternoon and evening, one could see a tall, thin man in a white leather apron, immersed in work, with a compass or knife in his hands.
From time to time this man would put the violin on his shoulder, draw his bow along the strings, and then amazing sounds would pour out of the window: sometimes tender, sometimes plaintive, sometimes passionate. . . Passers-by stopped respectfully in front of the house and whispered to each other: “Listen, Stradivarius built a new violin.”
It was Antonio Stradivari, the greatest violin maker. Raphael is a violin master, as his descendants will call him. He dedicated his entire life to violins. He made the first one at the age of 13, and the last one is dated 1737, the year Stradivarius died. He was then 93 years old.
About three thousand instruments came out of his workshop, but not two of them were identical. . .
Many masters tried to penetrate the “secret of Stradivarius”. They copied his violins exactly, but were not successful. Then the legend about “the soul of Stradivarius, imprisoned in his violins” was born. (According to L. Kafanova.) (178 words)
Tasks. 1. Tell us why Stradivarius was called the Raphael of violin making. 2. Name the outstanding violinists of our time.
Parting
The first day after Pushkin’s death was ending, the crowd in front of the Volkonskys’ house (the poet’s last apartment) was noticeably thinning.
It was precisely this hour that Turgenev was waiting for. A persistent, secret thought took possession of him.
He quickly entered the apartment. There was no one else at the poet’s coffin, only the old valet Nikita Kozlov stood at the feet of the late master and continuously looked at him.
Pushkin, covered up to his chest with funeral brocade, lay lightly and calmly. Curly hair and sideburns sharply set off his pale, haggard face and especially his lips, on which the last burning insult seemed frozen.
Turgenev stood at the coffin for a long time, crying silently, not wiping away his tears.
". . . That’s it, my dear, cut off Alexander Sergeevich’s lock of hair for me as a souvenir,” he said barely audibly.
Turgenev carefully hid the precious memory in his pocket and went out into the street.
The snowstorm broke out. She howled, moaned, circled around the house, along the embankment, over the frozen Moika... (According to Yu. Gaetsky.) (152 words)
Tasks. 1. Determine how old Turgenev was at this time. 2. Tell us for what purpose the author introduced a description of a blizzard into this story.
The earth is not only “a land of lands of multiplied peoples, a conciliar collection of consonant languages.” The earth is not only within the borders of one state, on the shores of one continent, one ocean. Earth - in a circle, in the global, blue horizon of everything globe. Great in our eyes and a drop in the eyes of the Universe. One living, pulsating life. From an ecological point of view, this is the most vulnerable living organism - object number one. It is the totality of billions of lives, human and otherwise.
And this great life called Earth is now under the terrible threat of a devilishly black fire, so recklessly created on its own head by the hands and thoughts of man himself, the son of the Earth. There is little consolation in the fact that most of this fire has been stockpiled and has not yet taken up its attacking positions everywhere. But if he makes his prominence jump from warehouses and rocket launch sites, it will be too late. This is fire in a cube, fire in the volume of the entire Earth. The fire is not just for an individual, but for all of humanity, for everything that is entirely called “living”, Life with a capital “L”. This is what mainly concerns and worries us.
We must protect Planet Earth, Planet Life as the most precious thing for each of us and for all of us together. To protect the world of the great human mind, our world today and tomorrow. Preserve the memory and culture of civilization. And this task is an urgent task for the entire Earth. The Earth, which is us, all humanity. And we not only must, but also are obliged to protect it around us and within ourselves (232 words).
V. Isaev “Our Life is Earth”
Control dictation for the year
On warm earth
As an experienced hunter, I am still joyfully excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature. Maybe that's why I'm interested in hunting.
People who do not break their connection with nature do not feel lonely. Years go by, but the transformed one is still revealed to them, beautiful world. As before, white and golden flowers sway above the head of the tired traveler, who lies down to rest, and a hawk circles high in the sky, looking for prey.
After lying down in the fragrant grass, soft and tender, admiring the golden clouds frozen in the blue heavenly ocean, I rise with new strength from the warm native land. I return home to meet new working days, cheerful and renewed. A foggy curtain rises from the river, not yet warmed by the sun, but ahead is the expectation of something bright, clean, and beautiful.
I don’t want to talk to anyone, I would just walk along my native land, stepping barefoot on the dew and feeling its warmth and freshness.
CONTROL DICTANT FOR THE YEAR
In distant childhood, with a special joyful feeling, we greeted the cranes returning to their homeland in the spring. Hearing their voices coming from the high sky, we left our games and, raising our heads, looked into the blue heavenly heights.
“Cranes! Cranes! - we shouted loudly, rejoicing at the arrival of spring guests.
The cranes flew in slender schools. They were returning from distant places warm countries. Having circled over a swamp or over a river bank, they sometimes sat down to rest and refresh their strength after a long journey.
I once had the opportunity to observe cranes closely. I hunted a wood grouse near a large, almost impenetrable swamp. While spending the night in the forest, you know, many times at dawn I heard the cranes dancing in circles. Having made my way to the swamp, hiding in the dense dense bushes, I watched these wonderful birds through binoculars. Gathered in a wide circle, flapping their strong wings, the cranes trumpeted and danced. This, of course, was the spring wedding crane festival.
Grammar tasks:
Option 1.
2. Extract from the sentence
Circling over the swamps...
Option 2.
1. Parsing the sentence
Having made his way to the swamp, hiding in the dense bushes,...
2. Extract from the sentence
all phrases, make their diagrams, indicate the types of connections between words.
FINAL DICTANT IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
We walked along the left bank of the river. Suddenly, ahead, on the dead wood, a squirrel appeared. She sat on her hind legs and, with her tail folded over her back, was gnawing on a pine cone. As we approached, the squirrel grabbed its prey and rushed to a tree. From there, above, she looked at people with curiosity. By the way, a few words about protein. This animal, a representative of rodents, has an elongated body and a long tail-panicle. The small beautiful head is decorated with large black eyes and small rounded ears. Oh, how funny it is to watch this animal!
The squirrel is an animal that is either sedentary or nomadic. She is on the move all day. She, one might say, cannot stand peace and only in the dark lies on her side, sometimes curled up, sometimes with her tail thrown over her head. It seems that she needs movement as much as water, food and air.
(According to V. Arsenyev)
Grammar task:
1. Analyze the proposals:
Option 1 - She sat on her hind legs and, putting her tail on her back, was gnawing on a pine cone.
Option 2 - This animal, a representative of rodents, has an elongated body and a long tail-panicle
2. Write out subordinating phrases from the indicated sentences:
Option 1 - with communication control;
Option 2 - coordination with communication.
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55
Why is everything that is precious, temporary, and fleeting so beautiful? Why are road meetings especially important, why are sunsets, twilight and short overnight stays so precious? Or the crunch of wheels, the clatter of hooves, the sound of an engine, the wind blowing in your face - everything floating past, backward, flashing, turning?
No matter how nice the people with whom I lived, no matter how close to my heart the place where some days passed, where I thought, said, and listened, and looked, was, it is a great pleasure to travel further! Everything is tense, everything is jubilant: further, further. To new places with new people! Once again be happy about the movement, once again go or ride, rush - it doesn’t matter what: by car, on a ship, in a cart, on a train...
You drive during the day or at night, in the morning or at dusk, and you keep thinking that what happened back and yesterday is good, but not as good as what will happen ahead.
There are all sorts of roads! Heavy, rutted, dirty, dusty, smooth and clean - wide highways shining with the dry gloss of asphalt, rocky paths, sandy shores where the sand is hard and creaky, ancient roads along which the Tatars still rode, and new roads with lime-painted kilometer markers. field and forest, gloomy even on a sunny day.
And how difficult it can be on the road! You sit huddled in the back of a shaking car between barrels of fuel, spend the night on the hard vibrating seat of a river boat, beat yourself to the point of bruises in a cart, suffocate from the heat in a metal carriage, spend the night on a bench in dim light at some remote station...
But everything passes - fatigue, anger, rage, impatience and dull resignation from the difficulties of the road; only the charm of movement, the memory of happiness, the wind, the sound of wheels, the sound of water or the rustle of one’s own steps does not pass away forever.
(According to Yu. Kazakov)
56
When, together with a diverse, piously baptized wave of people, you enter the gates of the Sergius Lavra, you sometimes think: why is there not and was not a special observer in this monastery, like the ancient Russian chronicler, who observed with a calm, unchanging gaze and wrote down with an even, dispassionate hand what happened in the Russian land, and did it the same way from year to year, from century to century, as if it were the same person who had not died for centuries? Such a permanent and undying observer would tell what kind of people came for five hundred years to venerate the tomb of St. Sergius and with what thoughts and feelings they returned from here to all ends of the Russian land. By the way, he would explain to us how it happened that the composition of the society, which flowed in a continuous wave to the tomb of the saint, remained unchanged for five centuries. Even during the life of Sergius, as his contemporary biography writer tells us, many people came to him from various countries and cities, and among those who came were monks, princes, nobles, and ordinary people living in the countryside.
And today, people of all classes of Russian society flock to the saint’s tomb with their thoughts, prayers and hopes, statesmen come at difficult turning points in people’s life, ordinary people in sad or joyful moments of their private existence. And this influx has not changed over the centuries, despite repeated and profound changes in the structure and mood of Russian society: old concepts have dried up, new ones have made their way or floated, and the feelings and beliefs that attracted people here from all over the Russian land still prevail today. with the same fresh spring as they beat in the fourteenth century. If it were possible to reproduce in writing everything that was connected with the memory of Sergius, that in these five hundred years was silently changed and felt before his grave by millions of minds and hearts, this writing would be a history of our national political and moral life full of deep content.
(According to V. Klyuchevsky)
57
The air from the heated earth rose in a continuous warm stream and, meeting the cold, motionless heights of the sky, mixed its heat with it, causing it to begin to swirl and flow to the side in huge shafts. This is how a wide, riding wind was born - over the brown smooth hills, over the blue mounds - a powerful stream, invisible from the ground. And holding on to its elastic streams, spreading its wings like a swimmer’s arms, a hawk hung over the steppe.
Swinging almost in one place, fanning out its tail feathers and slightly moving the tips of its wings, the hawk carefully examined the wormwood bushes beneath it, cracks in the ground, black holes in gopher holes, and two ruts of the road, smoothed to a shine by the wheels, along which it was now slowly flying. He saw how the gophers froze in gray columns near the minks and, turning their heads, slyly looked up at him, confident in their invulnerability. And meeting one of them with an unexpected glance, noticing the instantly swelling fear in the shiny button of the animal’s eye, the hawk would look away with contempt and indifference. He knew that stupidity is no less characteristic of gophers than petty cunning, and sooner or later one of them will believe in himself so much that he will become bold and impudent - and then he will die.
To the left of the road, sometimes very close to it, stretched a swampy floodplain with green thickets of reeds, and there, at the window of blue water, two dark herons stood side by side, their heads turned out equally on their flexible necks. They looked at the vulture calmly, hostilely, without fear. These were large, strong birds, with sharp peaked beaks. After exchanging glances with them, the hawk flapped its wings twice and glided forward, further.
(According to A. Kim)
58
The day begins to noticeably turn pale. People's faces take on a strange hue, the shadows of human figures lie on the ground, pale and unclear. The steamboat going down floats by as some kind of ghost. Its outlines became lighter and lost the definition of colors. The amount of light appears to be decreasing; but since there are no condensed shadows of the evening, there is no play of light reflected on the lower layers of the atmosphere, these twilights seem unusual and strange. The landscape seems to blur into something; the grass loses its greenness, the mountains seem to lose their heaviness.
However, while the thin crescent-shaped rim of the sun remains, it still gives the impression of a very pale day, and it seemed to me that stories about darkness during eclipses were exaggerated. “Is it really possible,” I thought, “that this remaining insignificant spark of the sun, burning like the last, forgotten candle in a huge world, means so much?.. Is it really possible that when it goes out, night should suddenly fall?”
But that spark disappeared. Somehow, impetuously, as if breaking out with an effort from behind a dark curtain, it sparkled with another golden splash and went out. And with this, thick darkness poured onto the earth. I caught the moment when a complete shadow appeared in the darkness. It appeared in the south and, like a huge blanket, quickly flew over the mountains, along the river, across the fields, fanning the entire heavenly space, wrapped us up and in an instant closed in the north. I now stood below, on the shore shallows, and looked back at the crowd. Deathly silence reigned inside her. Even the German fell silent, and only the metronome beat off the metallic blows. The figures of people merged into one warm mass, and the fires of the fire on the other side again acquired their former brightness...
(According to V. Korolenko)
59
Halfway there I sat down to rest. Brown water rang and muttered in the stone bed. The sea was visible in the gorge, its horizon also seemed to rise with me, and it stood in the gap between the red rocks like a blue wall.
How beautiful this gorge is, what wildness, what autumn - purple, jubilant, sunny, what a golden light the larches burn, why is there no house here, why can’t you live here for a month and work until your bones ache!
Having reached the telephone line, I turned onto the path and began to climb up again. The fern surrounded me like a solid wall. Here, in the calm, in the mountain valley, the evil wind was not afraid, and autumn had not yet arrived, it was delayed, and here and there individual branches were just beginning to bloom. An hour later I was at the top, approached the cliff - a huge expanse of sea opened up to me, and I didn’t want to go anywhere else.
At the lighthouse I learned that it was impossible to go further into the mountains: seven gorges, four of which were very deep. So, again along the shore and again with stones. Another fifteen kilometers of stones, and then there will be sand. The village where I was heading was still thirty-one kilometers away.
What to think about on the road? When you walk, step by step surrendering to the heavy rhythm of the path, your attention is all absorbed by the road, the stones that fall under your feet, the weight of your backpack, worn out feet... Again a hard road, a calm sea, light rain and a low cold sky. Having descended from the high cliff on which the lighthouse stands, you again step onto the rocky shore, and again there are rocks on the left, the sea on the right - gloomy, cold, but calm.
(According to Yu. Kazakov)
60
I would call this time in our city the season of bamboo rods. The city is hot in the summer sun. Fishermen in straw hats and scallop jackets carry their bamboo fishing rods to the sea. Fishing rods do not fit inside a horse-drawn or tram car. They are transported on platforms, from where they protrude in dozens, touching the through foliage of fading acacias with their thin, but surprisingly strong and flexible tops.
The fishing rods are already equipped with everything necessary: half blue, half red narrow cork floats into which steel fishing hooks, and lead weights dangle on thin twine; thin twine is tied with a dead knot to a thicker one, wrapped around the end of the fishing rod, hot in the sun.
A good bamboo rod is quite expensive; to have a real bamboo fishing rod - varnish-canary, durable, light, long - is about the same pipe dream as roller skates or a used bicycle; a new one, of course, is out of the question.
Oh, how I envy all the happy owners of large, or huge, or even medium and small bamboo fishing rods, which elastically bend towards the green sea wave from the rocks, from bathing bridges, from piles driven into the bottom near the shore, from scows swinging “on anchor”, which replaces the holey stone tied to a rope, which was once knocked off a limestone rock by a storm.
How excited I was to see exactly half immersed in sea water blue-red floats, which so smoothly, enticingly swayed the bare tip of their goose feather over the cast gentle wave.
(According to V. Kataev)
61
Around the bend in the channel a city appeared. Lights were lit in it. Near the port, behind the pier, in the fleeting twilight, planes tied to poles were barely visible, like horses in stalls. One small plane was orange and glowed like coal in the snow.
As the lights in the city flared up, the ember-plane in the snow died out and the motley “sausage” swinging on a mast above the airport building sank into the sky into twilight.
From a distance, the city, clinging to the right bank of the channel, almost at its mouth, seemed scattered, the houses in it were scattered everywhere: where it was dense, where it was empty, as if from an airplane they were scattering houses in handfuls across the forest-tundra. But then the lights came on everywhere, the houses were no longer visible, and everything became orderly. City lights always hide something, hide something. Almost merging into a continuous chain, spots of lights border the timber exchange. In the middle of it, near the stacks, half-blind light bulbs blink rarely and reluctantly. Closer to the Old Town, at the entrance gates, timber trucks hum with a continuous hum. There are more lights near them. In the New Town there is another square - the brightest - an ice skating rink. On the outskirts, the square is no longer a square, but a curved arc of light bulbs stretched along the shore - an oil depot.
The city is encased in lights. People live and work, illuminated from all sides, and behind them there is darkness without end or edge. About ninety versts from the city, towards the north, the forest disappears completely. There's tundra there. There the night is brighter from the snow, not shaded by forests and housing. The night is endless and restless from the dawn.
(According to V. Astafiev)
62
Somehow we have golden nuts on our Christmas trees!
I remember when I was a child, we gilded them ourselves. It wasn't that easy. In order to take a golden leaf out of the book, you had to carefully blow on it. Then, with a slight rustle, it would rise, and you could very carefully, with two fingers, take it out of the book and hold it suspended, listening to the rustling sound it made, almost inaudible and yet - oddly enough - metallic.
In order to properly prepare a golden nut, the following things were required: a tea saucer with milk, a hammer, wallpaper nails, and some multi-colored garus. You had to blow into the book so that the golden leaves in it would move, and then gently take out one of them with clean, dry fingers. On dirty or wet fingers - God forbid! - golden traces immediately remained, similar to pollen imprints from butterfly wings, and the leaf leaf turned out to be hopelessly damaged and perforated.
If it was possible to remove a leaf leaf from the book without damaging it and, with the greatest care, place it on a clean, dry table, then another operation lay ahead, not so delicate, but still requiring cleanliness and accuracy: you had to take a walnut with two fingers - sometimes In our city they called it Voloshsky - if possible, beautiful, ripe, of a new harvest, with a clean, hard shell, and evenly dump it in a saucer with milk, after which, after waiting for the excess milk to drain, carefully place it on a leaf leaf and roll it into it in such a way that the entire nut is covered with gold. Thus gilded, slightly damp, but delightfully, the mirror-luminous golden nut was laid aside on a clean windowsill, where it quickly dried and became even more beautiful.
(According to V. Kataev)
63
Heavy turret guns thundered overhead, and the air shook from the shots. Apparently, the battle flared up in full force, deciding the fate of one of the warring parties.
Downstairs, in the operating room itself, it was quiet. Electric light bulbs burned brightly. Dressed in white coats, doctors, paramedics, and orderlies stood solemnly, as if at a review, waiting for the victims of the war. Near the exit door, to the side of it, engineer Vasiliev was sitting on a stool, stretching out his untreated leg and holding crutches in his hands. He looked at the priest standing at a distance, as if admiring his robe, shimmering with gold and crimson shades, his fiery red beard, bordering his loose and pale face. Dobrovolsky stood in a carefree pose, with his hands behind him. The junior doctor of the Aurors, a short, plump blond, crossed his arms over his chest and bowed his head, thinking about something. Perhaps, in thoughts far from this room, he is somewhere talking with people dear to him.
Next to him, pinching his chestnut beard with his hand, stood senior doctor Makarov, tall, thin, with a long, matte face. And although everything had long been prepared for receiving the wounded, he looked around his property with his usual gaze: cabinets with glass shelves, large and small jars with various medicines and solutions, open nickel-plated boxes with sterilized dressings, a set of surgical instruments. Everything was in place: morphine, camphor, ether, ointment for burns, needles with silk placed in a solution of carbolic acid, hair brushes, hot water, basins with soap and a brush for washing hands, enamel buckets - as if all these items were on display for sale and buyers are about to flood in.
People were silent, but everyone, despite the difference in facial expressions, had the same thing deep down in their souls - tense anticipation of something terrible. However, there was nothing terrible. Glowing with electricity, the walls and ceiling of the room sparkled white. To the left, as you look from the door, there was an operating table covered with a clean sheet. I looked at him and thought, who will be the first to writhe on him in painful convulsions?
Refreshing the air, fans hummed near the side, humming insistently and monotonously, like bumblebees.
We felt that the battleship was hit by shells - one, then another. Everyone looked at each other, but the wounded did not appear.
(According to A. Novikov-Priboy)
64
We headed deeper tropical forest. We had to stock up on raincoats and umbrellas. But the rain quickly gives way to bright sunshine. When it rains, everything becomes silent, all life becomes silent. But then the rain passed, the blue sky appeared, the sun shone, and everything came to life. The incredible chattering of cicadas begins, some kind of peculiar rustling, crackling of branches. Many hummingbirds and various insects fly out, among which every now and then you can see huge, amazingly beautiful blue mother-of-pearl butterflies. Catching them is very difficult due to the swampy soil. This is the real forest. Peculiar above all in this forest great amount leaning, fallen trees.
The usual route through such a tropical forest is through rivers and streams, like a system of canals, along which it is possible, albeit with difficulty, to move by boat. All the time we have to clear the way, pushing apart fallen trees. The rivers of the tropical forests abound with fish, alligators, and turtles. Swampy forests are full of frogs, snakes, ants. An absolutely incredible variety of life forms of all kinds fills the rainforest. Occasionally you can hear the roar of jaguars, the only large animal in the tropical South American forests. Among the trees and above the trees, birds of paradise and motley parrots often fly out in whole groups, especially after rain, filling the air with their peculiar rumble. Almost every minute huge beetles the size of a small bird fly overhead.
It is not easy to live in such a forest, and therefore the vast expanses of tropical forests are still very sparsely populated, although there is no doubt, as the experience of other countries shows, that it is possible to clear tropical forests and build roads, as we witnessed in the Amazon.
(According to N. Vavilov)
65
The caravan moved slowly along less traveled paths, stopping in rare villages for the night. Subsequently, we had to encounter many difficult mountain paths, but, perhaps, this was the most difficult. The passage to Garm was separated by an almost vertical mountain cliff, cut in half. The horses had to be led downhill, through mountain rivers. The guides, crossing a crack more than a meter wide, created a living bridge over which my companion and I had to cross. It was especially difficult for the Khan given his seven-pound weight.
After crossing the crack, a significant part of the path went along the edge of the glacier. We spent the night under the rocks. The trip was not designed for overnight stays near glaciers. The lack of warm clothes forced us to move on quickly. The state of someone who has been freezing for two days is not very pleasant, and it is mitigated only by a general decreased tone - indifference to everything, no matter what happens.
There was a passage ahead, familiar to travelers in the Pamirs, through wooden frames in the form of narrow strips driven into the rocks hanging over the abyss, suitable only for careful crossing on foot. Even now we remember one of these difficult transitions.
The road wound like a thin snake along the river along a steep mountain above an abyss up to 1000 m deep. Every now and then the natural path was replaced by an artificially made step made of wooden crossbars covered with flooring. The path sometimes narrowed, sometimes widened, and sometimes it was a whole staircase with high steps, along which even horses accustomed to mountains could be moved only with great care.
It’s as if the most difficult path has been passed, you can sit on a horse and move on. Suddenly, from the rocks above the path, two large eagles fly from a nest, flapping their huge wings. The horse snores and begins to gallop along the path. The reins suddenly fell out of my hands and I had to hold on to the mane. There are ledges of rocks overhead. And below, in an abyss of a thousand meters, the beautiful blue Pyanj flows rapidly - the headwaters of the great river of Central Asia... This is what the traveler subsequently remembers most. Such moments provide strength for life; they make the researcher ready for all difficulties, adversity, and surprises. In this regard my first big Adventure was especially helpful.
(According to N. Vavilov)
66
A huge distance separates the seemingly primitive sounds born in the bell tower from the subtlest perfection of symphonic music. But, honestly, you experience deep excitement listening to the measured strikes of the bell with the echoes of small bells and the chirping of sparrows, caught by the microphones in the bell tower in the pauses between strikes. The walls of the home cease to exist at these moments. You feel large spaces with an alarm bell floating above them, and your imagination can easily picture people going to the veche square, or the alarming turmoil of a city fire, or the enemy approaching the walls of a city.
Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have accompanied the entire life path of a person. The ringing of bells united people on holidays and in the face of the enemy. The bells called people to council, in bad weather they showed the way to lost travelers, the bell counted down the time. And, apparently, the mobilizing power of sounds was great, since Herzen called his rebellious magazine “The Bell”, if, having conquered the city, the enemy first of all took away the veche bell from it, and the Russian tsars sent the bells, like people, into exile for offenses.
Peter I melted bells into cannons. In the thirties, I remember, bells were also removed in our village of Orlov. A huge crowd of curious people. The women crossed themselves: “The tractors will pour.” And indeed, that same year, a brand new tractor drove through the village, its spurs sparkling, confirming for us boys the reality of the strange transformation.
The loudspeaker replaced the bell. But, you see, it’s interesting to hear and understand the sounds of the past. Remember, in the film “War and Peace” there is a solemn bell ringing! In another painting, “Seven Notes in Silence,” there is a charming story about a belfry and bell ringers. And finally, a gramophone record that brings ringing sounds straight to your home...
For 8th grade students, texts of control dictations with grammar assignments are offered for the entire school year. The dictations take into account all the main thematic sections of the 8th grade curriculum for the study of types of simple complex sentences. In the grammar task, the second option contains tasks that are more complex than the first. This option can be given to strong students.
Control dictation based on the results of the first quarter
Andes
The Andes are the most high mountains The American continent, cutting it from north to south. 4 They amaze with their changing landscapes. Here you will see unconquered peaks covered eternal snows peaks, smoking volcanoes. In the west sparkles with turquoise Pacific Ocean, in the east one admires the endless jungle, cut by a web of silver rivers.
After a one-day stay in the capital of Peru, we fly in the direction of the lost city of the Incas. We take the train to a small town and walk through the eucalyptus forest to the village. Clay houses and thatched huts are reminiscent of ancient civilization. We try not to lose the path that disappears in places and winds upward.
A mysterious city appears in the distance, located on a rocky peak. After five hours of climbing, we pass through the heavy gates and enter the fortress located on the mountain. 4 On numerous terraces, connected by countless stairs, there is a stone world with streets and squares. The ancient city enchants us. (According to Ya. Palkevich.)
(121 words.)
Grammar task
The Andes are the highest mountains the American continent, cutting it from north to south. 4 (1 option);
After five hours of climbing, we pass through the heavy gates and enter the fortress located on the mountain. 4 (option 2).
Departure from the castle
The Duke received considerable pleasure by inviting Don Quixote and Sancho to the castle and being amused by their eccentricities. But Don Quixote began to be burdened by captivity and an idle life, believing that a real, and not an imaginary knight, when traveling, should not indulge in laziness and incessant amusements and sit with folded hands. That's why he asked permission to leave.
Having said goodbye to everyone early in the morning, Don Quixote, dressed in the same ridiculous armor, appeared in the square in front of the castle. 4 From the gallery, perplexed, barely restraining laughter, all the inhabitants of the castle were staring at him: the duke, the duchess, the courtiers... 4 Sitting on his gray, Sancho was delighted: the ducal steward handed him, without stinting, two hundred gold .
Having bowed politely to the Duke, as well as to everyone present, Don Quixote turned Rocinante and, accompanied by Sancho, rode out the gate into an open field, saying:
- Freedom, Sancho, is incomparable to any treasure! (According to M. de Cervantes.)
Grammar task
1. Write 3 examples from the text different types predicates.
2. Write down 3 different phrases and sort them out: from 1 paragraph (1 option); from 3 paragraphs (2nd option).
3. Parse the sentence:
Having said goodbye to everyone early in the morning, Don Quixote, dressed in the same ridiculous armor, appeared in the square in front of the castle. 4 (1 option);
From the gallery, perplexed, barely holding back laughter, all the inhabitants of the castle stared at him: the Duke, Duchess, courtiers... 4 (2nd option).
She-wolf
That winter there was a young she-wolf in the pack, who had not forgotten her childish amusements. 4 During the day, the wolves, curled up in balls, dozed, and she jumped up, circled, trampling the snow, and woke up the old people. The wolves reluctantly rose, poked their cold noses at her, and she playfully snapped, biting their legs. The old she-wolves, curled up and not raising their heads, looked at the young prankster. 4
One night the she-wolf got up and ran into the field, and behind her, with their tongues hanging out, the old men began to shake. The wolves remained lying down, then they ran after the pack.
The wolves ran along the road, and shadows glided behind them, breaking in the snow. The snow sparkled like diamonds in the moonlight. The ringing of bells was heard from the village. It seemed as if the stars that had fallen from the sky began to ring as they rolled along the road. The wolves, belly-deep, retreated into the field and lay down, turning their muzzles towards the village. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)
Grammar task
1. Write out 3 examples of different types of predicates from the text.
2. Write down 3 different phrases and sort them out: from 1 paragraph (1 option); from 3 paragraphs (2nd option).
3. Parse the sentence:
A young she-wolf walked in the pack that winter, not having forgotten her childish fun. 4 (1 option);
The old she-wolves, curled up and not raising their heads, looked at the young prankster. 4 (option 2).
Control dictation based on the results of the second quarter
Winter day
The estate was all white, there were fluffy flakes on the trees, as if the garden had bloomed with white leaves again. A fire crackled in the large old fireplace, and everyone entering from the yard brought with them the freshness and smell of soft snow.
The poetry of the first winter day was accessible to the blind in its own way. Waking up in the morning, he always felt especially cheerful and recognized the arrival of winter by the stomping of people entering the kitchen, by the creaking of doors, by sharp, subtle smells, by the creaking of footsteps in the yard.
Putting on high hunting boots in the morning, he went to the mill, laying a loose trail along the paths.
The frozen earth, covered with a fluffy, soft layer, became completely silent, but the air somehow became especially sensitive, clearly carrying over long distances the cry of a crow, the blow of an ax, and the light crack of a broken branch. From time to time a strange ringing sound was heard, as if from glass, rising to the highest notes and dying away in the distance. These were the boys throwing stones on the village pond, which was covered with a thin film of first ice.
But the river near the mill, heavy and dark, still trickled through its fluffy banks and rustled at the sluices. (According to V.G. Korolenko.)
Grammar task
1. Write down the predicate: simple verb (1 option); compound nominal (2 option).
2. Underline a separate circumstance in the text (option 1); separate definition (option 2).
3. Write down 3 phrases of different types: from 1-2 paragraphs (1 option); from 4 paragraphs (2nd option).
4. Syntactic analysis of the sentence: From time to time a strange ringing was heard, as if from glass, moving to the highest notes and dying away in the distance. (1 option)
Putting on high hunting boots in the morning, he went to the mill, laying a loose trail along the paths. (Option 2).
In the village yard
Lent was over, it was Holy Week. The weather was beautiful: the days were bright, quiet and warm. The snow was all covered with black tulle, and large clearings appeared in places. The walkways, from which excess snow was occasionally shoveled in winter, were completely blackened and lay in black ribbons. But then you will step out of the yard and plunge into the water. You could only drive on the highway. The peasants dug in the yards, adjusting the harrows and plows, the children passed streams that flowed into the river all the fruitful juices from the dung heaps piled up in the middle of the yard.
The smell of manure over the villages. In the middle of the day, it seemed that the yards were drowning. But it did not harm anyone: neither people nor animals. And the roosters, standing at the very top of the dung heaps of steaming manure, imagined themselves as some kind of priests. They pompously puffed up their feathers, shook their red combs and, throwing back their heads solemnly, exclaimed: “Long live spring!”
Take care of this rooster,” the man said to his wife, leaning on his pitchfork, pointing to the walking rooster. “This is a real bird, but that little one, the little one, needs to be slaughtered for the holiday.”
And the man, spitting on his hands, began picking with the pitchfork again. (According to N.S. Leskov.)
Grammar task
1. Indicate the types of predicates: 1 paragraph (1 option); all others (option 2).
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types from the sentence: The walkways, from which excess snow was occasionally raked in the winter, had completely turned black and lay like black ribbons. (1 option)
They pompously puffed up their feathers, shook their red combs and, throwing back their heads solemnly, exclaimed: “Long live spring!” (Option 2)
4. Syntactic analysis of the sentence: But it did not harm anyone: neither people nor animals. (1 option)
And the roosters, standing at the very top of the dung heaps of steaming manure, imagined themselves as some kind of priests. (Option 2)
Transformation
The doll came out from behind the partition. She smiled, tilting her disheveled head to the side. Her hair was the color of the feathers of small gray birds. Her gray eyes sparkled with merriment. Now she seemed serious and attentive, but there was no trace of her sadness. On the contrary, they would say that she is a minx pretending to be modest.
Then further. Where did her former magnificent dress go, all this pink silk, golden roses, lace, sequins, a fairy-tale outfit that could make every girl look, if not like a princess, then, in any case, like a Christmas tree toy? Now, imagine, the doll was dressed more than modestly. A blouse with a blue sailor collar, old shoes, gray enough not to be white. The shoes were worn on bare feet. Don’t think that this outfit makes the doll ugly. On the contrary, he suited her. There are such dirty things: at first you don’t deign to look at them, but then, looking more closely, you see that such a dirty thing is cuter than the princess.
But most importantly: remember how the heir Tutti’s doll had terrible black wounds on its chest? And now they have disappeared. It was a cheerful, healthy doll! (According to Yu. Olesha.)
Grammar task
1. Indicate the types of predicates in the text.
2. Write down 3 different types of phrases from the sentence: A blouse with a blue sailor collar, old shoes, gray enough not to be white. (1 option)
There are such dirty things: at first you don’t deign to look at them, but then, looking more closely, you see that such a dirty thing is cuter than the princess. (Option 2)
3. Determine the type of one-part sentences in the text.
4. Syntactical analysis of the sentence: She smiled, tilting her disheveled head to the side. (1 option)
Her hair was the color of the feathers of small gray birds. (Option 2)
Control dictation based on the results of the third quarter
Hello, pine forest!
Soon a path led to the right, onto a rather steep hill. We followed it and after half an hour we found ourselves in pine forest. Flowering cocen. As soon as we hit a pine branch with a stick, a thick yellow cloud immediately surrounded us. Golden pollen slowly settled in the calm.
Just this morning, forced to live within four walls, spaced no more than five meters from each other, we suddenly got drunk from all this: from flowers, from the sun smelling of resin and pine, from luxurious possessions that we suddenly got for nothing us. The backpack was still holding me back, and Rosa either ran forward and shouted from there that there were lilies of the valley, then she went deeper into the forest and returned, frightened by a bird that had fluttered out from under her very feet.
Meanwhile, ahead, through the trees, water sparkled and soon led to big lake. The lake was, one might say, without shores. There was thick, lush grass in a forest clearing, and suddenly, at the level of the same grass, water began to flow. It was as if a puddle had been filled with rain. It was thought that the grass also continued under the water and that it had been flooded recently and not for long. But through the yellowish water a dense sandy bottom was visible, going deeper and deeper, making the lake water blacker. (According to V.A. Soloukhin.)
Grammar task
Option 1 - Meanwhile, ahead, through the trees, water sparkled and soon led to a large lake.
Option 2 - But through the yellowish water a dense sandy bottom was visible, going deeper and deeper, making the lake water blacker.
Sea fish
I will not describe all the fishing adventures that happened to me on the pier during the days I spent in Lidzawa. Let me just say that I will never regret the hours I spent with a fishing rod wrapped around my index finger.
Here is a list of fish species that were caught there (however, the names are all local, but I don’t know the scientific ones): sea ruff; sea crucian is a fish similar in shape to our crucian carp, but completely silver, with a violet glow and razor-sharp, protruding teeth like a horse’s, capable of cutting through a hook if it is bad; greenfish, red mullet - a very graceful fish with a muzzle cut off at an angle, with bloody spots on the body that disappear as soon as the fish dries from the water; a thorn resembling a river perch in shape, with a bluish spot on the side; the rooster is the brightest and most beautiful fish, the most desirable for any fisherman; the dog is a leopard-print biting fish; mullet and, finally, horse mackerel, the most widespread, the most annoying, but, perhaps, the most delicious.
However, it must be said that the meat of the sea ruffe is extraordinary. It is dense, white, juicy. They say it tastes like chicken. However, it seems to me that the meat of this fish resembles the taste of crayfish meat boiled in fresh water. (According to V. Soloukhin.)
Note: talk about the semicolon.
Grammar task
1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including complex ones: 1 paragraph - 1 option; 3 paragraph - 2 option.
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - I will not describe all the fishing adventures that happened to me on the pier during the days spent in Lidzava.
Option 2 - However, it seems to me that the meat of this fish tastes like crayfish meat boiled in fresh water.
3. Write down different types of complications from the text.
On warm earth
As an experienced hunter, I am still joyfully excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature. Maybe that's why I'm interested in hunting.
People who do not break their connection with nature do not feel lonely. Years pass, but a transformed, beautiful world is still revealed to them. As before, white and golden flowers sway above the head of the tired traveler, who lies down to rest, and a hawk circles high in the sky, looking for prey.
After lying down in the fragrant grass, soft and tender, admiring the golden clouds frozen in the blue heavenly ocean, I rise with new strength from the warm native land. I return home to meet new working days, cheerful and renewed. A foggy curtain rises from the river, not yet warmed by the sun, but ahead is the expectation of something bright, clean, and beautiful.
I don’t want to talk to anyone, I would just walk along my native land, stepping barefoot on the dew and feeling its warmth and freshness. (128 words.)
Grammar task
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - I, an experienced hunter, am still joyfully excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature.
Option 2 - After lying down in the fragrant grass, soft and tender, admiring the golden clouds frozen in the blue heavenly ocean, I rise with new strength from the warm native land.
3. Write down different types of complications from the text.
Evening in the forest
Spring forest. I look around vigilantly and notice something pinkish-blue. I run to have a look. This is a lungwort flower blooming. On a thick green stem there are individual flowers that look like tiny jugs. The upper ones are pale pink, and the lower ones are lilac.
We come out into a small clearing. Young birch trees crowd around her. In the middle a spring puddle turns blue, like an elongated mirror. It is filled to the brim with clear snow water.
I look into the water. It is so clean that every last year’s leaf, every sunken twig is clearly visible at the bottom. Frogs swim animatedly in a puddle. They stare at me with bulging eyes, but they are not afraid, they do not want to dive. As if greeting me, they make some kind of rumbling greeting sounds.
It's already evening. The sun, like a polished copper basin, seems to hang over a distant forest. It is so huge, reddish. But a long silvery cloud appeared right on it, as if a fish had been placed in a basin. How nice it is all around! (According to G. Skrebitsky.)
(154 words.)
Grammar task
1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including complex ones: 1-2 paragraphs - 1 option; 3-4 paragraphs - option 2.
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - The sun, like a polished copper basin, seems to hang over a distant forest.
Option 2 - A spring puddle turns blue in the middle, like a long mirror.
3. Write down different types of complications from the text.
Scent of the earth
I'm lying in the green grass on the river bank. The summer sun floats over the fields, over the well-worn dusty road. The immense, sparkling, fragrant world of nature surrounds me.
I inhale the damp aroma of earth and plants and see how insects slowly move along the geniculate stems of tall grasses. White, gold, blue flowers sway overhead. I narrow my eyes. A fluffy white cloud hanging in the high summer sky seems to me like a fabulous, gigantic monster floating across the sky on gilded, open wings.
In my imagination I am carried far above the earth, leaving behind snow-capped mountains, blue seas and impenetrable forests, silver rivers and lakes. I dream about future exciting travels, mentally flying over the earth spread out below me, like a giant globe.
Birds. On the days when birds arrived, I was especially drawn to wander. Having already become an adult, it was in the spring that I set off on the most distant journeys, being confident that they would certainly prove successful. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)
Grammar task
1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including complex ones: 1-2 paragraphs - 1 option; 3 paragraph - 2 option.
2. Parse the sentence:
Option 1 - In my imagination I fly far above the earth, leaving behind snow-capped mountains, blue seas and impenetrable forests, silver rivers and lakes.
Option 2 - A fluffy white cloud hanging in the high summer sky seems to me like a fabulous, gigantic monster floating across the sky on gilded, outstretched wings.
3. Write down different types of complications from the text.
Control dictation at the end of the academic year
Storm
I remember the thunderstorm that caught us on the road. I was sitting with my mother in a wooden shed under a thatched roof. In the open gates, muddy from the pouring rain, lightning blazed in blue zigzags. My mother hastily crossed herself, hugging me tightly to her chest. I listened to the sound of the rain, to the heavy peals of thunder, to the ear-splitting crash of blows, to the restless rustling of mice in the oat straw.
Having risen, we saw a diamond net of rain at the gate, and through the transparent drops the joyful summer sun was already shining, shimmering with rays.
The father harnessed the horses, shiny from the rain, frightened by the thunderstorm, and moving their feet impatiently and restlessly. 4 The rain-washed road lined with birches seemed even more cheerful. A multi-colored rainbow hung over the meadow, the bright sun sparkled on the backs of cheerfully running horses.
I sat next to my father, looking at the road glistening with puddles and winding ahead. 4 I looked at the departing cloud, illuminated by the sun and still threatening, at the column of white smoke rising in the distance above the barn lit by a thunderstorm. (153 words.)
Grammar task
3. Produce morphological analysis words: 1st option - (barn) lit 3; Option 2 - rising 3 (smoke).
Volga
At the edge of a young forest there is a small pond. An underground spring flows out of it. This pond is the cradle of the great Russian river. The Volga is born in swamps and bogs and from here it sets off on a long journey. Volga is a beauty. It passes through places that are amazingly beautiful and diverse in climate, plant cover and wildlife. 4 The beauties of the Volga are glorified by the people in legends, and by poets and artists.
From Rybinsk the Volga begins to turn southeast. Its low banks are covered with a green carpet of meadows and bushes. Picturesque hills alternate with valleys. These Volga landscapes have unique beauty and charm. Beyond Kostroma, both banks become mountainous, and the further you go, the more picturesque. Slope on the embankment near the old Kremlin wall V Nizhny Novgorod- one of the most beautiful places upper reaches of the Volga. 4 The nature of the Zhiguli Mountains is unique and picturesque. Zhiguli is the pearl of the Volga.
Volga! This name is near and dear to millions of residents of our Motherland. (140 words.)
Grammar task
1. Parse the sentence.
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types and parse them:
Option 1 - from sentences 1 paragraph; Option 2 - from 2 paragraph sentences.
3. Write out 3 from your paragraphs different types predicate.
Levitan
Levitan went down the Oka to Nizhny and there boarded a ship to Rybinsk. All the days he and Kuvshinnikova sat on the deck and looked at the banks, looking for places for sketches. But good places did not have. Levitan frowned more and more often and complained of fatigue.
The shores flowed slowly, monotonously, not pleasing the eye with either picturesque villages or thoughtful and smooth turns. 4 Finally, in Plyos, Levitan saw from the deck a small church made of pine logs. 4 She turned black in the green sky, and the first star burned above her, shimmering and shining. In this church, in the silence of the evening, in the melodious voices of the women selling milk on the pier, Levitan felt so much peace that he immediately decided to stay in Plyos.
The small town was silent and deserted. The silence was broken only by the ringing of bells and the lowing of the herd, and at night the bells of the guards could be heard. In the houses, dried linden blossoms hung behind transparent curtains. (140 words.)
Grammar task
1. Parse the sentence.
2. Write down 3 phrases of different types and parse them: 1 option - from sentences of 1 paragraph; Option 2 - from 4 paragraph sentences.
3. Carry out a morphological analysis of the word: 1st option - (church) chopped 3; Option 2 - selling 3 (women).
Summer
Blue summer morning. In the sky, high and clear, only here and there small round clouds are visible, like cannon smoke in old battle paintings, but they also disappear. And below them, on the outskirts of the village, a gray and silent hawk, almost without moving its wings, swims in circles. 4 The picture is peaceful, idyllic, when nothing special is expected.
And suddenly, in a few seconds, everything changes: a mother hen with her chicks emerges from the wicker shed, clucking and raking up trash. Noise, squeaking, flashing of yellowish and gray lumps. Noticing a chicken family, the hawk seems to freeze in place, then, falling onto one wing, dives sharply into the yard. 4 At the same moment, a wizened old woman runs out of the entryway, raising a tattered 3 broom to the sky: “Fly away, robber!”
The hawk abruptly changes its flight line, diving around the corner of the house, and goes down into the collective farm garden. And from under the birch tree, from the rug, the grandson of the old woman rises, having just graduated from the 3rd Philological Institute and received a month of vacation before leaving for work. (According to N. Gribachev.)
(143 words.)
Grammar task
1. Parse the sentence.
2. Write out 3 phrases of different types from the sentence and parse them:
Option 1 - And suddenly, in a few seconds, everything changes: a hen with chickens comes out of the wicker shed, clucking and raking up the garbage.
Option 2 - The hawk abruptly changes its flight line, diving around the corner of the house, and goes down into the collective farm garden.
3. Carry out a morphological analysis of the word:
Option 1 - (grandson) graduated from 3; Option 2 - frayed 3 (broom).