What is a volcanic eruption for children. How to make your own volcano experience at home. Why are volcanoes dangerous?

Educator:

Hello guys!

Our activity today is unusual. Guests have arrived! Let's say hello to them!

Guys, you and I live on amazing planet which is called what?

Let me tell you a riddle.

"I went to different countries,

Sailed along rivers and oceans.

I walked bravely through the desert -

On one sheet of paper!"

Geographic map. Children, tell me what is shown on the map?

Let us remember what is shown on the map in blue?

What about green, yellow and brown?

Guys, who can tell me what mountains are?

What are these high hills made of?

Guys, let's go to our workshop. Can you please guess what's in my bag?

Absolutely right - these are stones. But before you and I play with the stones, let's stretch our hands.

Finger gymnastics:

"The girls and boys in our group are friends,

You and I will make friends with little fingers.

1,2,3,4,5, (alternately touching the fingers of both hands) - start counting again!

Guys, you are so great! Now let's play with the stones. As you guessed correctly, I have stones in this bag (distribute the stones to the children). Tell me, what do they feel like?

(Invite the children to take plasticine in their hands, squeeze both palms, with a stone in one and plasticine in the other).

What happened to the stone and what happened to the plasticine?

Guys, look, we have bowls of water. What happens if we put a stone in water? Let's check it out.

Guys, I have another one ordinary stone. Let's look at it carefully. What does this stone have a lot of?

Do you think these holes are empty? Let's lower this stone into the water too. (Doesn't sink).

What is inside these holes or holes?

Who can tell me what this unusual stone is called?

Yes, this stone is called pumice. And in the course of our experiment we will find out how pumice appears.

We conducted an experiment with stones. Rocks are what mountains are made of. Guys, do you know that there are such unusual mountains from which lava erupts. What are their names? Guess the riddle.

"I spit fire and lava,

I am a dangerous giant.

I am famous for my evil fame,

And my name is Vulcan!!! (everyone answers together).

Right. This is a volcano. And today we will talk about volcanoes.

Now I will tell you a legend about how volcanoes appeared.

“Once upon a time there was a God named Vulcan. He was a strange God - ugly and lame. But he was very strong and hardworking. And he liked blacksmithing: standing at an anvil and hitting iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire. And he built He built a forge inside a tall mountain, and this mountain stood right in the middle of the sea. When Vulcan worked with a hammer, the mountain shook from top to bottom, and the roar and roar echoed far around from the hole at the top of the mountain with a deafening roar. ash. “The volcano is working,” people said, and went to live away from these places. Since then, people began to call all the fire-breathing mountains volcanoes.

(Slide No. 1. Volcano).

Like this interesting legend. Did you guys like it?

Guys, do you know how mountains are formed?

Guys, do you know where volcanoes can form?

And who can tell us all why it erupts?

(Slide No. 2. Picture of an erupting volcano).

What does a volcano look like?

What is the top of a volcano called?

What about the deep hole that is located inside the volcano itself?

(Slide No. 3. Structures of the volcano).

Tell me please, what is inside the volcano?

What is the name of the fiery liquid that is inside the volcano?

Why then is there magma inside and lava coming out?

Guys, who knows how lava can erupt? After all, it can erupt in different ways.

Tell me, how long can a volcano erupt?

After a volcanic eruption, a scorched desert remains. And life will not appear in this place soon. Children, let's remember together what types of volcanoes exist?

(Slide No. 4. Volcano - Diamond Head on the island of Hawaii).

That's right, there are also sleeping ones. Their eruption has not occurred for a long time, but it is still possible.

(Slide No. 5. Volcano Teide in Spain).

And active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted at least once in the memory of mankind.

(Slide No. 6. Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Russia. Kamchatka).

And by the way, this is the highest active volcano in Eurasia. What do you think, is it scary and dangerous for people to live near volcanoes?

What usually happens before a volcano begins to erupt?

Will someone be able to advise or help people and inform them about the upcoming volcanic eruption?

Let us now play the role of little volcanologists and try to make a volcanic eruption ourselves. To do this, I invite you again to our workshop. Where everything is ready for our experiment with you. Let's warm up a little and have some physical education.

We walk across the plain

One-two, one-two.

And now we're floating on an ice floe,

One-two, one-two.

Here we go along the plateau,

One-two, one-two.

We climb the mountains

One-two, one-two.

And now we will rest,

And let's take our places!!!

Guys, now we will conduct a real experiment. Namely, to revive the volcano. Yesterday we made a model of a volcano. He looks just like real volcano. And in order for it to come to life we need to do something!!!

There are glasses of water in front of you. First you need to color this water red. That's why you still have red paint and brushes on the table. I think you can handle this task easily and simply!!!

After you have colored the water, you should add a teaspoon of baking soda to your glasses of now red water. The soda is in a small glass. After adding soda, you should mix everything very well. Then you should add detergent to your cups using the tip of a teaspoon. And mix gently again. Then, you and I will pour the resulting liquid from your cups into the mouth of our volcano. And I will carefully add vinegar to the mouth.

Guys, it seems our volcano is coming to life! And, bubbling, lava comes out of it!!!

Centuries later, the evil one coughed

Volcano and ash and ash.

Lava flowed down the slopes

And it burned the earth badly.

The volcano is thundering, the volcano is puffing,

How menacing he looks.

But then he started to get tired -

The fire in him began to fade.

The last time I breathed fire,

And fell asleep for decades!!!

Q: And so, guys, our experience has come to an end, help me continue the phrases......

I enjoyed my lesson today...

Today in class I learned...

Today in class I was surprised...

Well done guys, you were very attentive and worked carefully, and everything turned out just great for us!!!

And now I would like to invite you to sketch our volcanoes.

Geography for the little ones.
Volcanoes.
1.Tell your child a legend about ancient god Vulcan (in Ancient Rome) or Hephaestus (in Ancient Greece):

IN Ancient Greece power over volcanoes belonged to a god named Hephaestus - fire. He was a strange god: ugly, lame. But he is very hardworking and strong. Hephaestus managed to subjugate fire. He was the first to forge weapons and make jewelry. And then he taught it to people. And if steam and fire appeared above the volcano, it means Hephaestus got to work. The ancient Romans gave this god the name Vulcan. It also means fire. And his house was called a volcano.

There lived a god named Vulcan. He liked blacksmithing: standing at the anvil, hitting iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire in the forge. He built himself a forge inside a tall mountain. And the mountain stood right in the middle of the sea. When the volcano was active, the mountain trembled from top to bottom, and the roar and roar echoed far around. From the hole at the top of the mountain, hot stones, fire and ash flew with a deafening roar. “The volcano is working,” people said with fear and went to live away from the mountain, so that the fire would not burn their homes and cover their gardens and fields with ashes. They say since then, all fire-breathing mountains began to be called volcanoes.

Exercise:
Look at pictures of volcanoes with your child. Please note that it looks like an ordinary mountain, but inside it there is a very hot liquid - magma, and while the magma lives in its house, the volcano is considered dormant, but this is the same mountain only with magma, fire, smoke erupting from it - it is active volcano. Look at the shape of the volcano, what does it look like? (on a cone, pyramid). What does the top look like? (a large hole, a funnel is called a crater)
Watch the presentation Fire-Breathing Mountains http://depositfiles.com/files/19ciup3u2

2.Read the poem about volcanoes:
Volcanoes began to "volcano" -
Spew lava from the crater.
Lava flowed down the slopes
And the Earth was badly burned.
Centuries later, the evil one coughed
The volcano is both ash and ash.
The volcano is thundering! The volcano is chugging!
How menacing he looks now!
But then he began to get tired -
The fire in him began to fade.
The last time I breathed fire -
And he fell asleep for decades.
Centuries will pass...
And the volcano will wake up again,
And lava will flow from his insides.

3.Make a volcano with your child
1. Take paper, scissors, tape, compass, ruler
2.Cut out a large circle
3. Cut in half
4. Fasten the edges of the segment to form a cone
5.Make a volcano crater from a paper cylinder (you can use a base of paper towels or foil) and attach it to a surface (cardboard, candy box, etc.)
6.Place the cone onto the cylinder and secure it
7. Cover the entire structure with tape (paper) and cover with glue
8. Sprinkle colorful sand, cereals
9.Color the volcano
10.Eruption: 1 tsp. soda, a little red dry paint and 5 drops of washing liquid, 5 drops of vinegar.
There is another option for creating a volcano http://subscribe.ru/archive/home.child.toy/200711/30134924.html

4.Tell that different volcanoes erupt in different ways. Sometimes they seem to explode, throwing magma up and to the sides. A huge mountain shakes with a terrible roar, a huge column of smoke and ash rises above it, stone rain sprinkles the slopes of the mountains. And sometimes lava flows out “calmly”. We have many volcanoes in our country. Almost all of them are on Far East, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands.
Exercise:
Try to find with your child on the map where volcanoes are located in our country and in the world, what color they are indicated by.
Look at photographs of different volcanoes and read interesting facts about them
o 10 most dangerous volcanoes planets - http://www.geo-cafe.ru/Reviews/Articles/review350.php
o Interesting Facts about volcanoes - http://katya.gorod.tomsk.ru/index-1163550018.php
o Walk along the volcanoes of the South and North America- http://www.geo-cafe.ru/Reviews/Articles/review154.php

5. Explain to your child why a volcano erupts in the first place using experience:
Inflate and lightly squeeze the balloon in your fist, continue to inflate. The ball will swell between your fingers. The same thing happens with magma, when mountains are pressed down from above, and magma with gases rises. As a result, some kind of explosion occurs.
6. Explore volcanic rocks with your child:
Material: a bowl of water, stones and a piece of pumice.
Look carefully at the stones and pumice. Compare them to each other: there are a lot of holes in pumice. Ask your child what he thinks: are the holes empty or is there something in them? (air is hidden in the holes, so pumice is lighter than ordinary stone). Suggest placing a piece of pumice in a bowl of water. Are there any bubbles? Does pumice float or sink? Why? The child makes a discovery: pumice is a stone with many holes in which air accumulates. Pumice does not sink, but floats on the surface of the water.

Information for mothers:
How volcanoes form
To understand the nature of volcanoes you need to know the structure of the Earth. The earth consists of several layers formed by different rocks. We live on the outer, thinnest layer called the earth's crust. The bark is so thin, as if it were on a ball (imagine it Earth) stuck a sticker, or rather a lot of stickers next to each other. After all, the crust consists of about 20 large and small plates, which are called tectonic. The plates seem to float on the surface of a viscous, pasty molten substance called magma. The word magma is translated from Greek as dough or paste.
The places where the largest plates touch each other are called faults. Most active volcanoes are concentrated at the boundaries of these plates. The most active zone on Earth is called the Ring of Fire and it is located at the edges Pacific Ocean. There are many mountains and islands in these places that were formed on the site of ancient volcanoes.

What happens during an eruption
Sometimes hot magma seeps out through the cracks. If a powerful flow of magma is blocked by rocks in the earth's crust, the pressure of the magma rushing out increases. When it gets too large, magma breaks through the crust. Then it happens volcanic eruption, accompanied by a powerful release of magma, ash, gases and pieces of rock.
Magma released from a volcano is called lava. It flows out of the crater of the volcano in the form of a stream. At the beginning, the lava flow has a temperature of 1000 degrees and flows along the slopes of the volcano at speeds of up to 50 kilometers per hour. But in air, the lava cools and hardens, forming a volcanic mountain around the hole in the earth's crust. Pieces of frozen lava - pumice. There are air bubbles inside this pebble. This is because the lava boiled and seethed, and then froze.
Volcanic ash looks like ordinary ash, but if you look at it under a microscope, you can clearly see that these are fragments of volcanic glass. The eruption throws ash to a very high altitude, sometimes even several kilometers. Huge gray clouds of ash are carried by the wind over long distances from the eruption site, and then they settle on the Earth in a thick layer.
Volcanic gases are hot gases. During an eruption, their temperature reaches 800-1000 degrees. Hot heavy gases rush down the slope of the volcano at a speed of over 300 kilometers per hour, destroying trees, houses and people. Volcanic gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide and gases containing sulfur, ammonia and chlorine.

What types of volcanoes are there?
Volcanic eruptions occur in different ways. The nature of the eruption depends on many factors - mainly the viscosity of the magma and the amount of volcanic gases.
There are volcanoes - they are called Shield volcanoes - they are predictable, rarely accompanied by explosions. Lava constantly erupts to the surface.
Other volcanoes - Stratovolcanoes - are the highest. During an eruption, a lot of ash, stones, and lava are formed.
The most terrible volcanoes of the Caldera - these volcanoes explode so strongly that they destroy themselves, and in their place only a large crater remains.

What harm do volcanoes cause?
There are more than a thousand volcanoes on our planet. Most of of them went out, and. it would seem forever. But they are only sleeping and can wake up every minute. Some volcanoes wake up very rarely. Once every 100 or even 1000 years. There are volcanoes that don’t even think about pretending to be asleep; they smoke without ceasing. Every ten minutes, stones, ash, steam and lava flow out of them.
One of the most powerful eruptions on Earth occurred in 1883. The Krakatoa volcano has awakened in Indonesia. The voice of the volcano spread over thousands of kilometers. The air explosions caused air waves of such force that they circled the globe three times. Stones flew into the air to a height of 55 kilometers. The waves rose up to 40 meters in the sea. The volcano spat out so much ash that a cloud covered the sun, and then black dirt fell from the sky. This cloud of dust flew around the entire planet. For a while, twilight fell across the entire Earth. Nothing can stop a volcano. Cities, islands and even countries perish under ash and lava.
Currently, scientists who study volcanoes are sometimes able to predict an eruption in advance and residents can leave cities and escape. But when the Vesuvius volcano, which had been dormant for many centuries, woke up, there were no seismologists yet and the disaster took people by surprise. Residents sought shelter in their houses and tried to escape, but no one managed to escape. When the eruption ended, it turned out that the flourishing cities had completely disappeared from the face of the earth. Almost seventeen centuries passed when the remains of dead cities were accidentally discovered under a layer of compressed volcanic ash. Excavations have begun. Almost the entire city of Pompeii was cleared of ashes. Houses with household items, temples, and monuments appeared before the amazed archaeologists. Everything remained as it was on the day Vesuvius woke up.
A terrible tragedy that happened in the distant past made a huge impression on the Russian artist Karl Bryullov, who depicted it on his canvas The Last Day of Pompeii.

Are there any benefits from volcanoes?
A volcanic eruption is a disaster for people. Every year there are 10,000 eruptions on Earth, of which approximately 150 are very strong. Cities are destroyed, people die. However, volcanoes also have benefits for people. Thanks to them, the rocks that make up the earth's crust are formed. Volcanoes, like elevators, bring many useful substances to the surface. Therefore, the soil around them is very fertile. Volcanic dust is used to make medicines, fertilizers, and water purifiers. Houses are built from hardened lava. Volcanoes also supply us with carbon, nitrogen and other gases from the bowels of the earth, without which life on Earth is impossible.

You can watch a volcano erupt at home not only on TV. With the help of a small chemical experiment, you will arrange a real eruption on a fairy-tale island.

From this article you will learn

All that is needed

For the experiment you will need some household chemicals and decorative elements to create an island. The volcano island can be made from natural materials or use dinosaur sensory box sets.

A model of a volcano is made from plasticine. Creating a fabulous volcanic island for experience is its main component and serves to develop the child’s imagination and creative abilities. Such activities will help instill a love for chemistry and geography. The child will develop fine motor skills of the fingers while making plasticine terrain and its inhabitants.

To make an island you need:

cardboard;
stapler or narrow tape;
box with colored plasticine;
small animal toys;
colorful pebbles;
a large plastic box or bowl in which the island will stand;
glass or plastic container with a volume of 200 ml for the volcano crater.

To conduct the experiment you will need:

soda 20 g;
food coloring:
vinegar 9%;
dish detergent 25 ml;
water 100 ml.

Usually the experiment continues until mom runs out of all the baking soda and vinegar, so be patient.

Children cannot carry out the experiment on their own without adults. If vinegar gets into a child's eyes or mouth, it can cause a burn to the mucous membranes, and if swallowed, it can cause a burn to the esophagus.

Making a fairytale island

You can build an island in a large plastic container. Pour real water and line the bottom with round pebbles. Make a container for the volcano from a baby food jar or an old glass. For the mountain inside which the container will stand, you need to make a cardboard model; your child will be happy to cover it with plasticine.

The sequence of making a volcanic mountain:

cut out a circle of the required diameter from thick cardboard;
make a cut from the edge to the center of the circle;
roll up a cone;
the edges of the cone are fastened with a stapler or tape;
cut off the upper part of the cone at a height equal to the container chosen for the volcano;
place the container inside the cone.

I coat the top of the mountain with plasticine. To do this, roll out small brown plasticine cakes and stick them to a paper cone, completely covering the cardboard. The top of the volcano can be made of red plasticine, which will imitate hot lava.

They place a volcanic mountain on a dry island of pebbles. They are seated around small rubber animals that are among children's toys. Multi-colored amazing dinosaurs or wolves, foxes, bunnies, bears and other inhabitants of the forest and jungle. Depending on what animals were planted, vegetation for the island is selected. Large tree ferns and horsetails for dinosaurs, and ordinary fir trees and birches for bunnies and foxes.

Plastic plants are also often sold in sets for children's games. You can use a leaf of a living fern and twigs of plants if it is summer outside. Plants can also be molded from plasticine, made from threads and beads or ordinary cardboard.

You can make small houses out of cardboard for plastic Indians and soldiers. It is better to use cardboard to make plants and houses when the island is in a container with blue-dyed sand instead of water or on a blue plasticine sea.

Conducting an experiment

Finally the island is ready. All the toy animals and people froze in anticipation interesting event– volcanic eruptions. They know that the volcano is not real and therefore are not afraid of it.

To conduct the experiment, pour a tablespoon of soda into the volcano jar. Add a tablespoon of dishwashing detergent. Red or orange food coloring is dissolved in 100 milligrams of water and added to the baking soda and detergent. The base for the experiment is ready, all that remains is to add vinegar. For mom, you can let your child pour vinegar into the volcano on his own, under her supervision, so that he doesn’t do it in her absence. It is better to repeat the experiment for an encore, pouring vinegar into the “mouth” of the volcano and pouring soda into it until the child is interested in it and asks to repeat the experiment.

When vinegar is added, the baking soda will begin to foam, erupting from the “volcano mouth” like red or orange lava. The detergent will allow the “lava” to foam longer and more abundantly, overflowing from the vent and flooding the surrounding area along with plants and animals that were carelessly located too close.

Afterword

The safest way to experiment with a volcano for young children is to use baking soda and vinegar. It can be repeated many times, and getting the necessary materials for the experiment is not difficult.

The most interesting thing in the experience is creating your own with your child. fairy island, which can be used not only for the Vulcan chemical experiment, but also for an exciting game.

With older children, you can conduct the “Vulcan” experiment at home using
, potassium permanganate and glycerin. For the experiment, ammonium dichromate is poured into an evaporation bowl in the form of a slide, in the middle of which a depression is made. Add a little potassium permanganate and a few drops of glycerin to the recess.

After a few minutes, due to the interaction of potassium permanganate and glycerin, the ammonium dichromate will ignite. Sparks will shoot out from the volcano in all directions, and a fountain of fire will begin to erupt. Before starting the experiment, the bowl must be placed on foil so as not to burn the surface on which the experiment will take place.

Ammonium dichromate can simply be set on fire, and it will burn like a volcano, spewing sparks. The experience is exciting, but children should not be allowed to do it without the presence of adults. Burns can be caused not only by sparks, but also by the chemicals used.

Good luck with your experiments!

Volcanoes for children

Children about volcanoes...

Making and studying a volcano...

Tell your child about how a volcano is formed, how an eruption occurs, when boiling magma lava (a mixture of molten rocks and gases) rushes upward, finds holes in the earth’s crust and comes out through them, a volcanic eruption occurs.

Do a visual experiment together. Make a volcano, a volcano can be made in many ways, for example: a volcano on the beach or in a sandbox, you will need baking soda + vinegar.

1. Make a slide out of sand, place a baby food jar or a small plastic bottle inside the slide. In which you previously poured a mixture of vinegar and red food coloring (or red gouache to imitate lava) at home. Take soda with you in a small container (for example, from a Kinder Surprise), ask your child to pour the contents into the “volcano mouth”. You can do it the other way around, first pour in the baking soda and then pour in the vinegar. Watch together as the eruption occurs. If the volcano stops erupting, add some ordinary water to it and it will start erupting again!

2. A volcano can be made from clay, plasticine, or papier mache. It’s very simple to do, we take a small bottle, I also wrap it in foil to save clay and cover everything with plasticine or clay, don’t try too hard to make the volcano smooth, the more cracks, the more natural it will look, let it dry, the volcano is ready. Inside, just like in the first method, we will add soda + vinegar with dye.
Then add some water and your volcano will erupt again with renewed vigor!

This volcano can be made from clay or plasticine, here are some photos for inspiration

You can make a volcano out of papier mache
You will need PVA glue, a bottle and newspapers, coat each layer generously with glue, make an airplane

After drying

All that's left is to paint it

You can make a small panoramic model in a box

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3. Another way is that, once in the water, they hiss and bubble; with their help, you can not only arrange an eruption, but also tell your child about geysers. You can make these bombs yourself; there are many recipes on the Internet. The main components of such bombs are citric acid and ordinary soda, the ratio should be 1:2. , that is, two parts baking soda and one part citric acid. By the way, there are ready-made kits for sale for making bombs yourself. And from the ready-made mixture for bombs, you can make a volcano; add water to it drop by drop (for example, from a pipette or use a syringe without a needle) and your volcano will seethe (erupt).

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4. 4. A rather risky method, but interesting, is Coca Cola (it contains acid) + menthol candies Mentos. If you decide to try this method to show your child, practice first or watch a video on YouTube, there are a lot of them on request Mentos + Coca Cola.

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5. And lastly, there are ready-made sets with volcanoes on sale, everything is already prepared there, there are even special glasses, not so much for practical purposes, but so that the child realizes the importance of the moment :) For example

Hello, dear friends! Today I received a message from one boy, he writes that volcanoes are often shown in cartoons and films, but he just can’t understand what they are and why they are needed.

I asked my friend Professor Chainikov to tell me what it is.

And this is what my friend wrote to me:

“Good afternoon my friends, I am very glad that you are interested in volcanoes, this is a very interesting phenomenon.

Mountains that rise above channels and cracks in the earth's crust are called volcanoes.

Most often, volcanoes look like cone-shaped or dome-shaped mountains, at the top of which there is a crater, or a funnel-shaped depression.

For example these

Sometimes, as scientists say, a volcano “wakes up” and then it erupts. At the same time, molten substances from the earth's crust and mantle, called magma, come to the surface of the Earth.

An eruption is a series of strong and weak explosions and outpourings of lava - a mixture of molten rocks. The volume of erupted lava can reach several tens of cubic kilometers. Eruptions can be long-lasting, which can be observed for several years and even centuries, and short-term, passing in a few hours. Their precursors include the following phenomena: earthquakes, changes in the composition of gases, sound (acoustic) changes and others.

Those volcanoes that from time to time emit hot gases or steam from their vents are called active. Also considered active volcanoes, which erupted relatively recently. There are about 500 such volcanoes on Earth.

“The word “volcano” comes from the Latin word “volcanos” - fire, flame. The ancient Romans called the god of fire and blacksmithing Vulcaoma. According to legend, he forged armor in his forge inside a mountain on the island of Vulcano, 50 km north of the island of Sicily. Plumes of smoke and flames continuously burst out of the mountain. Over time, any fire-breathing mountain began to be called a volcano, like the god of fire.”