Presentation about Lake Ladoga. Presentation on the topic “Lake Ladoga, Leningrad Region. Lake Ladoga storage solar energy

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Ladoga lake

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1. Why did I choose this topic?
2. Features of Lake Ladoga.
3. Rivers.
4. Islands.
5. Animal world.
6. Curious situations associated with Lake Ladoga.
7. Conclusion.

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Why did I choose this topic?

I am interested in this topic, due to the fact that Lake Ladoga is located in Leningrad region and is the most large lake Europe. By this lake interesting story, associated with the Patriotic War, and it is also very beautiful. The lake is rich in its flora and fauna.

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Features of Lake Ladoga.

Lake Ladoga is the largest in Europe. The Neva River flows from it and flows into the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The lake basin is of glacial origin. About 12 thousand years ago it was finally freed from ice. And now seals continue to live in the lake, who liked its natural conditions. The area of Ladoga with islands is more than 18 thousand square meters. km. The endless expanses of the lake resemble the sea. In its open part the shores are not visible, but strong winds often turning it into a raging element, more treacherous than some of the seas. The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. Average depth - 50 m.

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The lake is characterized by low mineralization and the water of Ladoga is quite clear. In winter in warm years the lake does not freeze completely, and the open central part of the lake remains ice-free. The thickness of the ice on the lake, depending on the severity of winter, ranges from 50 to 110 cm. The ice reaches its greatest thickness in late March - early April. The lake begins to open in April near the southern shore and in the skerries of the northern part. If the strong ones blow north winds, then the mass of ice is driven into the Shlisselburg Bay, and from there into the Neva River. Then the second - Ladoga - ice drift passes along it. Ladoga has a stormy temperament, but is not always completely covered by storm winds. Often, increased wind in one part of the lake is combined with almost calm weather in another. Calms are observed here most often in June, but for a very short time. In July and August, in calm weather, mirages occur. Peering into the distance, you suddenly discover islands where there have never been any. Sometimes, instead of an island, the contours of a ship are outlined on the horizon, or real island rises before our eyes and floats above the water.

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Shipping on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed through it, connecting Northern Rus' with Southern Russia, Scandinavia and the Baltic states with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired its most intensive transport significance in Peter's times. Shipyards and canals began to be built on the shores of the lake. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected to the Upper Volga by a canal system. But frequent disturbances have long been a huge obstacle to shipping. At the mouth of the Volkhov sometimes up to 500 ships gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern shore of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, transportation was carried out by the Ladoga flotilla, and in winter a route was laid across the ice of the lake. highway, called "Road of Life". In total, during the blockade, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported.

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There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with total area 435 km², most of them are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry area, as well as as part of the Valaam (about 50 islands), Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsari group of islands (about 40 islands). The most large islands- Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Valaam, Konevets.

Rocky shore of an island in Lake Ladoga.

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Lighthouse on Suho Island in Lake Ladoga.

Putsaari - almost desert island Lake Ladoga.

Island in Lake Ladoga.

The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of about 36 km², due to the location of the Valaam Monastery on the main island of the archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.

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The mouth of the Olonka River is Lake Ladoga.

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The lake is fed through the Svir River from Lake Onega, and through the Volkhov River from Lake Ilmen. The rivers Vuoksa, Syas, Nazia and others also flow into it. The Neva is the only river flowing from Lake Ladoga.
Northern part The region is occupied by the Svir Depression - a narrow strip between Lakes Ladoga and Lake Onega, which is a terraced plain of lacustrine-glacial origin, consisting of a series of steps descending to Lake Ladoga. In the middle of the Svir depression the Svir River flows to the west. Almost the entire population in the eastern part of the Svir depression is concentrated directly in the valley of the Svir River. A significant area is occupied by the Prinevskaya lowland, covering the valley of the Neva and its tributaries - Tosna and Izhora. It is mostly treeless, with only isolated forest areas remaining in the east. The flat topography and proximity to the surface of impermeable rocks led to large swamps.
The space to the south to Lake Ilmen is occupied by the swampy, wooded Volkhov Lowland, which is crossed from the north by the Volkhov River.

On the shore of Lake Ladoga beyond the Morye River.

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IN last years On the shores of Lake Ladoga, young Ladoga ringed seals are often found. The species is listed in the Red Book.
At the bottom of Lake Ladoga there are 385 species of invertebrates, which means that this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).
Much less - in the deep-sea part (about 80).
The composition of the benthofauna is dominated by insect larvae (52% of all types of benthofauna), worms are in second place (17%), hydracarines, or water mites, are in third (14%), mollusks are in fourth (9.3%), fifth place belongs to crustaceans (4.5%); other groups of animals - 4.3%.

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Lake Ladoga is home to about 60 species of fish, 30 of which are of commercial importance. Ladoga is predominantly a salmon reservoir. Salmonidae include almost all valuable commercial fish: salmon, trout, palia, vendace. Other valuable fish include whitefish, grayling and smelt. About one third of the species living in the lake are cyprinids - roach, ide, bream, and raw fish. Most species live in the lake permanently, and only a few of them, for example, Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, conger eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and Gulf of Finland. In the past, sterlet was found in Lake Ladoga, but now it is gone. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled. The carp came from Lake Ilmen, where it was released in 1952-1953, and the peled came from the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus, where it has been bred since 1958.
Local lake salmon are extremely valuable fish. Its weight reaches 10 kg. Best places Salmon fisheries are located in the northern part of the lake. However, fishing has been prohibited since 1960, as the salmon herd is recovering very slowly. The reason for the slow resumption is a sharp deterioration in spawning conditions; the rivers are clogged with timber rafting, Vuoksa is polluted, poachers cause great damage on Burnaya, Svir is blocked by hydroelectric dams.

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Pike perch is one of the main fisheries on Ladoga. It lives everywhere in the lake, but especially readily in the southern shallow part. Here, in the south, are its largest fishing concentrations. Individual specimens of pike perch weigh 8 kg.
Bream, despite its good nutritional and taste qualities, is not of great importance in Ladoga fishing. It lives mainly in the southern region of the lake and in its southern bays.

Palia is found in the northern deep-sea part of Ladoga. Due to the insignificant catches, the paliya fishery has almost ceased.
Whitefish in Lake Ladoga are represented by 7 different forms. Four of them are lake (Ludoga, Lake Ladoga, Valaam and Black) and three -
lake-river (Volkhov,
Svirsky and Vuoksinsky).
Vendace and ripus
different from each other
sizes. Small form
called vendace and
everywhere in the lake.
The large form is called
ripus, and it is found mainly
way in the southern part of the lake,
This is where they spawn in the fall.

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It's not about fishing
limited to mining only the most
the best fish breeds, since it is massive
catches of less value may not yield
less economic effect,
than mining a small amount is more
valuable. And first place in catches on
Lake Ladoga occupies a modest
smelt (Arkhiptseva, 1968).
Distributed throughout the lake,
but in the southern part there live more of her
a large form, and in the northern one - a smaller one, similar to smelt.
Pike, which prefers to live in thickets of aquatic vegetation in shallow places, is caught in small quantities.

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Curious situations related to Lake Ladoga

1. Emergency Situations Ministry rescuers rescued 21 fishermen from a broken ice floe on Lake Ladoga

published time: January 20, 2003, 5:44 pm last updated: January 20, 2003, 8:44 pm

2. Graduation ceremony at the Leningrad Zoo. Today the seal Ira will receive freedom. She is the last of 11 seals rescued this spring to remain in a cage. Let us remind you that for the first time this year, employees of the Leningrad Zoo and foreign volunteers were closely involved in the fate of pinnipeds. Due to global warming, the ice in the bay is melting earlier and seals do not have time to feed their cubs. Babies are dying in the hundreds. Now the found seals are brought to the zoo, treated and released. True, each time separation becomes a small tragedy, if not for the animal, then for those who cared for it. The seal Ira was found on April 9, she was dying of hunger. In 3 months, the baby gained approximately four times her weight. And instead of fish porridge, he happily eats herring. True, on the day of departure I was so worried that I refused to eat, and only gnawed on the microphone of St. Petersburg Vesti. Ira will be released today into the native waves of Ladoga on one of the islands of the Valaam archipelago.

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Having such a unique miracle of nature as Lake Ladoga, it is necessary that the attitude towards it change for the better: treat the flora and fauna of the lake more carefully, preserve rare and valuable fish species, fight poaching, help in preserving the Ladoga seal. It is necessary to strictly monitor the pollution of lakes and rivers, industrial enterprises and individual citizens.

Ladoga lake

Completed by: Nesterova Irina 21 school

Lake Ladoga is a unique natural system in North-West Russia.

Initially the lake was called Nevo. But since this name characterized the main water artery of St. Petersburg, it was decided to rename it Ladoga.

Features of Lake Ladoga

Ladoga lake- the largest in Europe. The Neva River flows from it and flows into the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The lake basin is of glacial origin. About 12 thousand years ago it was finally freed from ice. And now seals continue to live in the lake, who liked its natural conditions.

Features of Lake Ladoga

Area more than 18 thousand square meters. km. The endless expanses of the lake resemble the sea. In its open part, the shores are not visible, and strong winds often turn it into a raging element, more treacherous than some of the seas.

The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. Average depth - 50 m.

Climate

The climate over Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate maritime

There are an average of 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, for most of the year, days with cloudy, cloudy weather and diffuse lighting predominate.

Lake Ladoga storage solar energy

It can be said without exaggeration. Solar energy penetrating into the water column sets the water masses of the lake in motion. Even during short periods of calm, when the surface of Ladoga is mirror-immobile, at depth there is a movement of water masses both horizontally and vertically.

This phenomenon contributes to the redistribution of heat in Ladoga, gradually enriching deeper layers with it. The accumulation of solar heat and its distribution in water during the day, season, and year determines the temperature regime of the lake.

Length of day

Varies from 5 hours 51 minutes on the winter solstice to 18 hours 50 minutes on the summer solstice. The so-called “white nights” are observed over the lake, occurring on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9°, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning. The white nights end on July 16-17.

Rivers

35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga The largest river, which flows into it is the Svir River, which carries water from Lake Onega into it. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and through the Volkhov River from Lake Ilmen. The Morye, Avloga, and Burnaya rivers also flow into it.

Islands of Lake Ladoga

There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with a total area of 435 km², most of them are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry area, as well as as part of the Valaam (about 50 islands), Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsari group of islands (about 40 islands). The largest islands are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Valaam, Konevets.

Putsaari is an almost uninhabited island in Lake Ladoga.

Lighthouse on Suho Island in Lake Ladoga.

Island in Lake Ladoga.

Fauna of the shores and lake bottom of Lake Ladoga

In recent years, Ladoga ringed seal cubs have often been found on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The species is listed in the Red Book.

At the bottom of Lake Ladoga there are 385 species of invertebrates, which means that this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).

Much less - in the deep-sea part (about 80).

The composition of the benthofauna is dominated by insect larvae (52% of all types of benthofauna), worms are in second place (17%), hydracarines, or water mites, are in third (14%), mollusks are in fourth (9.3%), fifth place belongs to crustaceans (4.5%); other groups of animals - 4.3%.

Fishes of Lake Ladoga

Lake Ladoga is home to about 60 species of fish, 30 of which are of commercial importance. Most species live in the lake permanently, and only a few of them, for example, Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, conger eel, occasionally enter Ladoga from the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled.

Ladoga lake

Completed by: Nesterova Irina 21 school

Lake Ladoga is a unique natural system in North-West Russia.

Initially the lake was called Nevo. But since this name characterized the main water artery of St. Petersburg, it was decided to rename it Ladoga.

Features of Lake Ladoga

The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. Average depth - 50 m.

Climate

The climate over Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate maritime

There are an average of 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, for most of the year, days with cloudy, cloudy weather and diffuse lighting predominate.

Lake Ladoga storage solar energy

Length of day

Rivers

35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga. The largest river that flows into it is the Svir River, which carries water from Lake Onega into it. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and through the Volkhov River from Lake Ilmen. The Morye, Avloga, and Burnaya rivers also flow into it.

Islands of Lake Ladoga

Putsaari is an almost uninhabited island in Lake Ladoga.

Lighthouse on Suho Island in Lake Ladoga.

Island in Lake Ladoga.

Fauna of the shores and lake bottom of Lake Ladoga

In recent years, Ladoga ringed seal cubs have often been found on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The species is listed in the Red Book.

At the bottom of Lake Ladoga there are 385 species of invertebrates, which means that this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).

Much less - in the deep-sea part (about 80).

Fishes of Lake Ladoga

Lake Ladoga is the largest in Europe freshwater lake, the length of which is 219 km with the greatest width of 138 km. The northern and eastern parts of the reservoir belong to Karelia. Western, southeastern and South coast Lake Ladoga is located in the Leningrad region. The lake holds 908 km³ of water. Replenishment water resources occurs mainly due to 35 inflowing rivers. Only one river flows out of Ladoga - the Neva.

For Russia, Ladoga has always had strategic importance: in the 9th century, an important part of the waterway “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed through its expanses. Documentary mention of the “great Lake Nevo” (as Lake Ladoga was called in the old days) is first found in the ancient Russian chronicle, dated 1228. The first capital before Kievan Rus was located near the confluence of the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga.

The bottom of Ladoga to this day preserves numerous interesting and valuable artifacts dating back to various time periods. The ancient Vikings and soldiers of the Northern and Great Patriotic Wars left their mark. Of course, first of all, Lake Ladoga hides traces of the Second World War. A striking example of this is “Death Bay”. In this place in August 1941, an urgent evacuation of the Soviet rifle and motorized divisions took place. For two weeks, under fierce artillery and mortar fire, the ships removed the fighters from the shore. The small bay was literally bombarded with shells. Until now, the entire bottom of the lake is covered with a layer of shell casings, shell fragments and iron.

Many areas near Lake Ladoga have been preserved in their pristine beauty. In the picturesque faults of harsh rocks, one can see ancient history this region. Islands, rocky shoals, mountain slopes covered with pine wilds were once covered by the waters of a prehistoric sea that stretched in the north to the ocean.